Page numbers refer to the print edition but are hyperlinked to the appropriate location in the e-book.
African-American children,
313n14Aid to Families with Dependent Children,
196American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP),
268Analects (
Lunyu),
xviii,
3,
36,
286,
296n3,
296n5; commentaries and passages in,
43–50,
234–35,
297n17,
301n5,
301nn7–8; on early moral cultivation,
43–50,
301n5,
301nn7–8; on filial piety,
4,
8–16,
43–44,
297n25; on moral cultivation,
4,
7–16,
298n28; on path of self-cultivation,
7–8,
297n11; on ritual propriety,
6–7,
49–50,
72–73,
301n5; ritual texts of,
58
Aristotle,
xi–xii,
xviii,
109; on childhood,
104; on ethics,
101–2,
104,
107–8; on family,
101–2,
105–8; on fathers,
105–6; on filial piety,
101–7,
304n7,
304n9; on friendships,
108; on moral cultivation,
103–5; on mothers,
105–6,
304n7; on state,
304n7; Thomas Aquinas and,
117Attachment theory: mother-infant,
218–22,
226–28,
311n33; NFP and,
228–36,
311n33,
311n36,
311nn38–39; parent-child relationships and,
218–35,
310nn24–25,
311n33,
311nn28–31; patterns of,
222attitudes,
6; changing,
67,
302n26; emotions and,
15; toward family,
245attributive personhood,
214behaviors,
125,
201,
306n22; changing,
67,
302n26; of elders,
46–47; emotions, health and,
220,
311n28; Olds on changing,
200–203,
310n15; organization of,
219; physical,
109; of youth,
46–47benevolence: of government and rulers,
26–27,
54,
299n48; of parents,
51; sprouts of,
18–19,
21–22,
51; virtues of,
18,
21,
297n11Blustein, Jeffrey,
305n12; on Cicero,
110–12; on Hobbes,
123,
305n19; on Plato,
100–102; on Rousseau,
129,
132–33; on Thomas Aquinas,
118–19,
305n15Book of Etiquette and Ritual (
Yili),
58
Book of Odes,
8; on filial piety,
12; study of,
47,
86
Book of Rites: on early childhood,
58–60,
74; “Inner Pattern” in,
59; on parent-child relationships,
76–78,
89; on rituals,
82–83
Book of the Generation of the Fetus (
Taichanshu),
302n24
caring: about,
173–74; for,
173–74,
309n15; of children,
243–44,
250–51; engrossment and,
172; ethical,
173; of fathers,
162–63,
308n11; individuals,
178; natural,
173; parenting and,
171–83,
196; relationship,
180–81Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education (Noddings),
171–72
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC),
268children: actions of,
104; African-American,
313n14; alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana and,
193,
209,
212,
310n17; Augustine on,
114–15; as caring individuals,
178; caring of,
243–44,
250–51; character of,
50–51; competence of,
309n11; consent of,
305n19; discipline and restriction of,
309n11; fathers and caring of,
162–63,
308n11; gratitude, love and reverence of,
12–14,
113–14,
297n25; having and raising,
216–18; impaired development of,
310n17; love for,
103,
106–7; marriage and,
276–77,
279–80;
Mengzi on,
10; moral cultivation of,
155–56; obligations of,
11,
102–3,
127; only,
311n39; poverty and,
278–79; relationships between fathers and,
50–51,
304n5; response to demands of,
153–54; Rousseau on,
129–30,
306n25; self-cultivation of,
53–54; Seneca on,
112–13; socialization of,
99; Thomas Aquinas on,
117,
305n15; upbringing of,
104; well-being of,
261.
See also adolescence;
boys;
childhood;
early childhood;
girls;
infants;
parent-child relationships;
teens;
youthChinese University of Hong Kong Institute of Chinese Studies Ancient Chinese Texts Concordance Series,
296n5Classic of Filial Piety,
8–9,
11
The Confessions of Saint Augustine (Augustine),
115–17
Confucianism,
139–40,
287–94; approaches and views of,
159–70,
308n8,
308nn10–12; care ethics and,
143–47,
182–84; Chinese philosophers associated with,
xii–xx,
295n1; classical,
48,
301n10; core features of,
158,
308n8; distinction of,
xvii–xxii,
96–97; on family relationships,
146,
241–46; feminism and,
142,
161–62,
284–85,
308n10; on filial piety,
9–16,
113–14,
223–26,
297n25,
298n28,
304n9,
311nn28–31,
312n4; on good of groups,
4; on love of learning,
223–24; on marriage,
283–86; on moral cultivation,
3–4,
7–16,
121–22,
298n28; NFP and,
196–98,
309n2; on parent-child relationships,
xi–xx,
3–4,
11–13,
237–38,
241–46; rituals in,
145; Ruddick, S., and,
157–70,
308n8,
308nn10–12; social and policy change with,
237–38,
243–44,
252–55; traditions of,
xv,
95–97,
158,
309n15Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976),
288n48“difference principle,”
240–42Discourse on the States: on early childhood and moral cultivation,
63–68,
302n20,
302n23,
302n26; instruction of crown prince and,
62–63,
65; necessity of moral education and,
63–64; prenatal cultivation and,
64–65
early childhood:
Book of Rites on,
58–60,
74; development,
189–90;
Discourse on the States on moral cultivation and,
60–68,
302n20,
302n23,
302n26; Han dynasty on,
65–66; intervention programs during,
190–200; parent-child relationships during infancy and,
xi–xx,
57–58; prenatal cultivation during,
63–68,
302n20,
302n23,
302n26.
See also childhoodearly moral cultivation:
Analects on,
43–50,
301n5,
301nn7–8; filial piety and,
13; Mengzi on,
50–54; parent-child relationships and,
xi–xx,
43–50,
301n5,
301nn7–8; Xunzi on,
54–57ecological transition,
211elders: behaviors and respect for,
46–47; treatment of,
3;
yi of,
37–38; youth and,
56–57environment: adaptive behavioral change and one’s,
310n15; importance of,
62; prenatal health and,
213–15; uterine,
212; Xunzi on,
31–32ethics,
173; Aristotle on,
101–2,
104,
107–8; contractarian,
307n3; of feminism,
144; Kantian,
134,
306n9,
307n3; of nurses,
233–34,
311n36; utilitarian,
307n3; virtues and,
307n3.
See also care ethicsEudemian Ethics (Aristotle),
104
family: abolishment of,
99; affection for,
147,
245; Aristotle on,
101–2,
105–8; arrangements,
98–100; Asian-American,
258; attitudes toward,
245; Confucianism on relationships within,
146,
241–46; death within,
27–28; government programs for,
196; Greek philosophy on,
97–108,
304n7,
304n9,
304nn1–2,
304nn4–5; importance of,
251; Ivanhoe on,
3,
8,
144; justice and,
243; Kant on,
134–37,
306n29,
307n30; Locke on,
126–27,
306n22; Mengzi on relationships within,
22–24,
27–31,
299n49; in moral cultivation,
xi–xx,
142; moral education and,
142; planning,
209; Plato on,
99–101,
108; preservation of,
299n49; private realm of,
243–44; role of,
xi–xiv,
104,
142,
162–65,
295n1; Rousseau on,
128–35,
306n25,
306n28; self-cultivation and,
7–8,
208–9,
297n11; social and policy change regarding,
247–55; as social institution,
243; society and,
87–88; Stoics on,
108–14; Western philosophy on,
98–100,
121–40,
306n25,
306nn22–23,
306nn28–29,
307n30,
307n33.
See also children;
fathers;
filial piety;
grandmothers;
mothers;
oikos;
parentsfathers: Aristotle on,
105–6; authority of,
155; caring for children by,
162–63,
308n11; Locke on,
125–26; relationships between children and,
50–51,
304n5; role of,
48–50,
75–91,
142,
308n11; Rousseau on,
128; Ruddick, S., on,
152–54,
165–68,
184–85; Thomas Aquinas on,
120–21.
See also menFear and Trembling (Kierkegaard),
144
fetus: baby and,
170; during pregnancy,
66–67filial piety,
72–73;
Analects on,
4,
8–16,
297n25; Aristotle on,
101–7,
304n7,
304n9;
Book of Odes on,
12; Confucianism on,
9–16,
113–14,
223–26,
297n25,
298n28,
304n9,
311nn28–31; early moral cultivation and,
13; Kongzi on,
4,
8–17,
297n25,
298n28; love and,
136; loyalty and,
37–39,
300nn64–65; Plato on,
99–101,
108,
304n7; political service and,
14–16; state and,
14–16; Thomas Aquinas on,
119–21,
304n7; virtues of,
10–11,
13–14,
297n25; Xunzi on,
31–38,
300n61,
300nn64–65.
See also elders;
family;
fathers;
grandmothers;
mothers;
oikos;
parentsFirst Treatise (Locke),
125
gendered virtue view,
144gender-specific activities,
73–74Han dynasty,
xx–xxi,
89; on early childhood and moral cultivation,
65–66; thinkers of,
62–63Having Children: Philosophical and Legal Reflections on Parenthood (O’Neill & Ruddick, W.),
97
Hegel, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich: influence of,
122,
138–39; on moral development,
137–38Held, Virginia,
xix,
141,
273,
309n16; on care ethics,
148,
182–83; on mother-child relationships,
181–83,
308n13,
309n16heterosexual couples,
164Hong Kong Concordance Series,
300n57human ecology theory,
310n16; highlights of,
203; hypotheses of,
206–7; importance of,
202–3; NFP and,
200–218,
310n19,
310nn15–16,
310nn21–22; on parent-child relationships,
206–9; self-cultivation aspects of,
203–4In a Different Voice (Gilligan),
171
“internal working models,”
229intervention,
314n1; parents as focus of,
206; programs during early childhood,
190–200Ivanhoe, Philip J.,
153,
242,
251,
305n14,
306n29; on family,
3,
8,
144; on gratitude,
305n12; on parent-child relationship,
11–13Kant, Immanuel,
122,
139; on ethics,
134,
306n29,
307n3; on family,
134–37,
306n29,
307n30; on moral education,
135–37,
307n30; on parent-child relationships,
133–37,
306n29King, Martin Luther, Jr.,
312n7Kongzi,
286; on correction or rectification of names,
296n8; on father-son relationships,
47–48; on filial piety and brotherly respect,
4,
8–17,
297n25,
298n28; on moral cultivation,
4,
7–16,
298n28; son of,
47,
85–86,
303n50; as term,
296n5; views of,
28,
298nn31–32.
See also Analectslanguage: development of,
222–23; Mengzi on acquisition of,
61–62; moral cultivation and acquisition of,
62large/great person (
daren),
298n32Locke, John,
xi–xii,
xviii,
122,
139; on education,
306n23; on family,
126–27,
306n22; on fathers,
125–26; on mothers,
125–26; on parent-child relationships,
125–27love: affection and,
223–24,
245; appreciation and,
177–78; attentive,
176–77; for children,
103,
106–7; of children,
12–14,
113–14,
297n25; conscience and,
130; emotions,
149; filial piety and,
136; knowing,
3; of learning,
223–24; Mengzi on,
107;
Mengzi on,
50; of parents,
103,
106–7; reciprocity of,
177–78; of self,
101–2Luxuriant Gems of the Spring and Autumn (Dong Zhongshu),
79
marriage: children and,
276–77,
279–80; concerns regarding,
276–78; Confucianism on,
283–86; economic benefits of,
277–78; husbands and wives in,
76–91,
302n33,
303n40,
303n44,
303n50,
303n54,
303nn34–35; new,
82–83; Olds on,
207; policies on,
281–82; promotion of,
207; rates of,
207; successful,
280; women and,
74,
302n31The Maternal Factor (Noddings),
174,
179
Maternal Thinking (Ruddick, S.),
148
men: as husbands,
76–91,
302n33,
303n40,
303n44,
303n50,
303n54,
303nn34–35; mothering and,
151; obligations of,
153–54; women and,
144,
153–55.
See also fatherhood;
fathers;
father-son relationshipsMengzi,
xviii,
3–4,
10,
16,
305n18; on disputation,
17–18; on early moral cultivation,
50–54; on extension,
245; on family relationships,
22–24,
27–31,
299n49; on human nature,
17–31,
298n35,
298nn30–31; on language acquisition,
61–62; on love,
107; on moral capacities,
16; on moral cultivation,
17–31,
298n35; on moral education,
50–54; on moral responsibilities,
25–31,
299nn48–49; mother of,
248,
251,
302n30; on parent-child relationships,
50–51,
109; on political concerns and leadership,
24,
25–31,
299n48–49; on self-cultivation,
17–31,
298n35,
298nn30–31; on society,
22–24; on sprouts,
18–31,
51,
251–52,
298n35,
306n25; on unfilial things,
29–30,
299n52; views of,
144,
298nn32–33; on virtues,
16Mengzi,
xviii,
3,
29,
36,
38,
302n28; on children,
10; on five relationships,
50; on love,
50; passages in,
50–54,
234,
303n44
moral cultivation:
Analects on,
4,
7–16,
298n28; Aristotle on,
103–5; Augustine on,
114–17,
305n14; of children,
155–56; China and,
xx–xxii;
Collected Biographies of Women and,
68–75,
302n28,
302nn30–31; Confucianism on,
3–4,
7–16,
121–22,
298n28;
Discourse on the States on early childhood and,
63–68,
302n20,
302n23,
302n26; family in,
xi–xx,
142; Greek philosophy on,
97–108,
304n7,
304n9,
304nn1–2,
304nn4–5; Han dynasty on,
65–66; Jia Yi on,
105; Kongzi on,
4,
7–16,
298n28; language acquisition and,
62; Mengzi on,
17–31,
298n35; Plato on,
101–2; Rousseau on,
129–32; Western philosophy on,
121–40; Xunzi on,
31–38,
300n61,
300nn64–65.
See also early moral cultivationmoral education,
xxii; of children and youth,
8,
44–45,
301n7;
Discourse on the States and necessity of,
63–64; family and,
142; Kant on,
135–37,
307n30; Mengzi on,
50–54; mothers and,
142; necessity of,
63–64; Xunzi on,
54–57; of young adults,
52mothering: genderless,
150; giving birth and,
168–69; men and,
151; political consequences of,
150–51; practice of,
149; Ruddick, S., on,
147–70,
307nn5–7,
308n8,
308nn10–13; as self-cultivationist activity,
156–57; as work,
155–56,
160–61,
165–70; work of teachers,
151mothers: Aristotle on,
105–6,
304n7; Augustine on,
116–17; authority of,
155; brains of nursing,
307n7; as caregivers,
149–50; communication of,
219; expectant,
194; experiences and positions of,
155–57; first-time,
302n26; genderless,
150; Locke on,
125–26; love of,
307n5; with low psychological resources,
309n9; moral education and,
142; new meaning of,
149–50; nurses and,
207; role of,
75–91,
142,
308n11; Rousseau on,
127–28; Ruddick, S., on,
148–52,
307n5; substance abuse by,
310n17; support network of,
209–10; Thomas Aquinas on,
120–21; work of,
149.
See also feminism;
grandmothers;
mothering;
pregnancy;
womenNicomachean Ethics (Aristotle),
101–2
Noddings, Nel,
xii,
xix,
141,
271,
275; care-ethical approach of,
174–84; on moral theory,
171–72; on parent-child relationships,
179–81; on principle of reversibility,
172–73,
308n14; remarks of,
144,
156; Ruddick, S., and,
174,
180–81; writings of,
171–72,
174,
179Not for Profit: Why Democracy Needs the Humanities (Nussbaum),
290
Nurse–Family Partnership (NFP),
289; achievement of,
256; attachment theory and,
228–36,
311n33,
311n36,
311nn38–39; Confucianism and,
196–98,
309n2; in Denver, Colorado,
192,
230; economic benefits of,
215; in Elmira, New York,
192,
195,
199,
207,
230; enrollment in,
193,
291–92; as evidence-based,
211–12,
244,
257; features of,
196–97; findings of,
205,
216,
240,
256; government spending and,
195–96; home visits of,
191,
193–95,
199,
229–30,
310n13; human ecology theory and,
200–218,
310n19,
310nn15–16,
310nn21–22; impact of,
192–93,
309n9; on material factors,
208; in Memphis, Tennessee,
192,
209,
230; nurses in,
191,
229–34,
310n13,
311n36; Olds on,
198–99,
257,
309n11; overview of,
09n4,
190–200,
309n2,
309n6,
309n9,
309n11,
310n13; person-process-context model and,
205–6; pregnancy and,
199,
310n13; program,
191–92,
292–93,
309n6; reports and studies of,
259,
285; self-sufficiency theory and,
199,
310n14; strengthening and supporting,
255–58; studies and trials of,
192,
194–95; success of,
191,
200–218,
257; theoretical foundations of,
196Nurse–Family Partnership International Program,
192“Nurses Remain at Top of Honesty and Ethics Poll,”
311n36oikos (family, household or estate),
304n1; essential elements of,
106; women and,
106,
304n7
parables: man from Song,
20; Ox Mountain,
20parent-child relationships,
50–51,
287–88,
290,
304n5; attachment theory and,
218–35,
310nn24–25,
311n33,
311nn28–31;
Book of Rites on,
76–78,
89; Confucianism on,
xi–xx,
3–4,
11–13,
237–38,
241–46; during early childhood,
xi–xx,
57–58; in early moral cultivation,
xi–xx,
43–50,
301n5,
301nn7–8; Hobbes on,
122–23,
306n20,
306n22; human ecology theory on,
206–9; infants and,
xi–xx,
57–58,
204–5; Kant on,
133–37,
306n29; Locke on,
125–27; Mengzi on,
50–51,
109; Noddings on,
179–81; primacy of,
3–4; role of,
xviii,
142,
303n50; social change with,
248–49,
312n6.
See also father-son relationships;
mother-child relationships;
mother-infant attachment theoryparents,
302n4; attentive love of,
176–77; Augustine on,
116–17; benevolence of,
51; discipline and restriction of children by,
309n11; as focus of intervention,
206; honoring,
22–24; Jia Yi on,
113–14; love of,
103,
106–7; loyalty to,
37–39,
300nn64–65; moral experiences of,
103; role of,
13,
83–91,
142,
303n54; Seneca on,
111–12,
305n12; Thomas Aquinas on,
117–21,
305n15; treatment of,
28–31,
299n52; well-being of,
261; Xunzi on,
88–89.
See also fatherhood;
fathers;
father-son relationships;
mother-child relationships;
mother-infant attachment theory;
mothering;
mothersParents and Children: The Ethics of the Family (Blustein),
100
“The Pattern of the Family “ (
Neize),
59Perry Preschool Project,
313n14person-process-context model,
205–6Plato,
xii,
xviii,
109; Blustein on,
100–102; city of,
304n2; on family,
99–101,
108; on filial piety,
99–101,
108,
304n7; on moral cultivation,
101–2; on state-controlled education,
99political institutions,
238–39Politics (Aristotle),
101–2
pregnancy,
194; diet history during,
214; experience of,
68,
169–70; health during,
210,
275; NFP and,
199,
310n13; rapid and successive,
195; self-cultivation and,
67–68,
302n26; substance abuse during,
209; uterine during,
212.
See also fetus;
maternity leave;
parental leaveProtecting and Tutoring (Jia Yi),
60–63
reciprocity,
6; importance of,
178; of love,
177–78re-formation model,
31–32Ren (humaneness),
179; concept of,
146; differences and similarities between care and,
147
Representation of Childhood and Youth in Early China (Kinney),
62–63
rites: as traditional moral and religious practices,
5–7; of Zhou dynasty,
6.
See also Book of Ritesrituals,
5–6;
Analects’ text and,
58;
Book of Rites on,
82–83; capping,
44–45,
73,
301n7; in Confucianism,
145; of crown prince,
60–63; dictates of,
48,
301n10; filial distance according to dictates of,
48,
301n10; functions of,
6; harmony and,
6; practice of,
5–6,
50; propriety of,
6–7,
49–50,
72–73,
301n5; for spirits,
9–10; traditional,
143–44; Xunzi on,
32–33Rosemont, Henry, Jr.,
145Rousseau, Jean-Jacques,
xviii,
122,
310n16; Blustein on,
129,
132–33; on children,
129–30,
306n25; on education,
129–32,
306n25; on family,
128–35,
306n25,
306n28; on fathers,
128; on human nature,
306n28; on moral cultivation,
129–32; on mothers,
127–28; on socialization,
306n28Ruddick, Sara,
xii,
xix,
272; on caretakers,
151–52; Confucianism and,
157–70,
308n8,
308nn10–12; on fatherhood,
154–55,
166–67; on fathers,
152–54,
165–68,
184–85; on mothering,
147–70,
307nn5–7,
308n8,
308nn10–13; on mothers,
148–52,
307n5; Noddings and,
174,
180–81; on use of terms,
148–49; writings of,
148,
171–72Schweitzer, Albert,
312n7sciences: humanities and,
288–89; importance of,
254; social,
242self-cultivation:
Analects on path of,
7–8,
297n11; aspects of human ecology theory,
203–4; behavioral change and,
201; of children,
53–54; dimensions of,
164–65; family and,
7–8,
208–9,
297n11; Mengzi on,
17–31,
298n35,
298nn30–31; mothering as activity of,
156–57; nature of,
215–17; pregnancy and,
67–68,
302n26; theory of,
200–203,
310n15; of thinkers,
54Slingerland, Edward,
45–46small/petty person (
xiaoren),
298n32social change,
xix–xx,
190,
289; with Confucianism,
237–38,
243–44,
252–55; regarding family,
247–55; humanities and,
293–94; with parent-child relationships,
248–49,
312n6socialization: of children,
99; Rousseau on,
306n28social obligations,
32–33Sparta: culture of,
98–99; practices and views of,
99,
304n2; women and,
106spirits: death and,
10,
297nn18–19; at distance,
48–49,
301n10; existence of,
10,
297n17; ghosts and,
10,
297n17; people with,
34,
300n61; rituals for,
9–10sprouts (duan): of benevolence,
18–19,
21–22,
51; Mengzi on,
18–31,
51,
251–52,
298n35,
306n25; moral capacities as,
16,
19–31,
298n35,
298n38; of propriety,
18,
21–22; of righteousness,
18,
21–22; of wisdom,
18standard of righteousness.
See YiStarting at Home: Caring and Social Policy (Noddings),
174
state-controlled education,
99substance abuse,
193; alcohol, cigarettes, marijuana as,
193,
209,
212,
310n17; by mothers,
310n17; during pregnancy,
209; prenatal health and,
211–12,
310n19,
310n22teachers: mothering work of,
151; women as,
59–60Temporary Assistance for Needy Families,
196Thomas Aquinas,
139–40; Aristotle and,
117; Blustein on,
118–19,
305n15; on children,
117,
305n15; on fathers,
120–21; on filial piety,
119–21,
304n7; on God,
119–21,
139–40,
305n18; on gratitude and thankfulness,
119; on mothers,
120–21; on parents,
117–21,
305n15traditions,
xii–xx,
295n1; of Confucianism,
xv,
95–97,
158,
309n15; of gender roles,
75–76,
302n33,
303nn34–35; rituals and,
143–44; sacrifices and,
48,
301n10Two Treatises of Government (Locke),
125
United Nations Population Prospects,
314n18United States,
303n54; laws and public policy in,
253; maternity leave in,
312n8virtues: of benevolence,
18,
21,
297n11; cultivation of,
6; ethics and,
307n3; of filial piety,
10–11,
13–14,
297n25; gendered,
144; of humility,
6; of King Wen,
64; of leaders,
16; Mengzi on,
16; of reciprocity,
6; of Tai Ren,
64–65; vocational,
144,
153; of women,
74,
302n31vocational virtue model,
144,
153Washington State Institute for Public Policy (WSIPP),
195Western philosophy,
139–40; on family,
121–40,
306n25,
306nn22–23,
306nn28–29,
307n30,
307n33; on family arrangements,
98–100; on moral cultivation,
121–40; views of,
xii,
95–97.
See also Greek philosophywomen: contraception and,
209; contributions of,
183; equality of,
312n9; marriage and,
74,
302n31; maternal,
174,
179,
307n6; maternal thinking of,
148,
157,
171; maternity leave for,
312n8;
oikos and,
106,
304n7; role of,
206; sociodemographic risk factors of,
309n6; Sparta and,
106; as teachers,
59–60; treatment of,
312n9; virtues of,
74,
302n31; as wives,
76–91,
302n33,
303n40,
303n44,
303n50,
303n54,
303nn34–35; in workforce,
194.
See also feminism;
grandmothers;
mothering;
mothers;
pregnancyXunzi,
305n14,
306n29; on early moral cultivation and education,
54–57; on environment,
31–32; on filial piety and moral cultivation,
31–38,
300n61,
300nn64–65; on human nature,
32–34; on parents,
88–89; on political laws and leadership,
35–37; re-formation model of,
31–32; on rituals and social obligations,
32–33; views and theories of,
17,
61,
63,
144; on youth,
54–55Yi (standard of righteousness),
37–38
Zhou dynasty: culture during,
4–5; rites of,
6