“Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.”
Aarons, Alex A., 110, 196
Fred Astaire’s chance meeting of, 78
and “Fascinating Rhythm,” 146
and Funny Face, 223, 224
and Girl Crazy, 308, 309
and For Goodness Sake, 74, 80, 104, 105
and Lady, Be Good!, 106–7, 142–44, 149
and La-La-Lucille!, 48
and Oh, Kay!, 198–200
and Pardon My English, 354
and Primrose, 136
and Tip-Toes, 172
and Treasure Girl, 256
Aarons, Alfred, 156
Aarons, Ella, 136
Academy of Santa Cecilia, 496
accompanist, Gershwin’s work as, 27–28, 36–37
“Across the Sea,” 92
Actors’ Equity Association, 51–52
Aeolian Company, 31, 154–55
Aeolian Hall (New York), 111, 113, 115, 120–21, 124
African American music; See also blues; jazz; Porgy and Bess
Gershwin’s attraction to, 29–31
ragtime, 21, 158
Alajolov, Constantin, 348
Albert Hall (London), 189
“Alexander’s Ragtime Band,” 112, 113, 279
Algonquin Round Table, 214–15
Allan, Elizabeth, 345, 444–45
Allen, Gracie, 476
Allen, Lester, 64, 90
Alvarez, Marguerite d’, 184–86, 188, 207, 346
Alvin Theatre (New York), 230, 256, 315–16, 425, 429, 434
American Ballet Company, 181
American Hebrew, 279
American in Paris, An, 238, 259–66, 346
Boston premiere, 271–72
compositional details, 260
critical response, 264–65
Gershwin’s discussion of time signatures in, 254
and Goldwyn Follies, 494
Lewisohn Stadium concerts, 302, 448
London performance, 332
Manhattan Symphony Orchestra performance, 279
Musicians’ Symphony Orchestra performance, 354
and Of Thee I Sing, 338
Ravinia Park concert (July 25, 1936), 449
RCA Victor Symphony broadcast, 267–68
and Show Girl, 271–72
taxi horns for, 244–45
Deems Taylor’s scenario, 260–63
American League of Professional Women, 184
American Society of Composers, Authors, and Publishers (ASCAP), 58–59, 307, 452, 493
Amphitryon 38, 487
Anderson, John, 225, 549n.9
André Charlot’s Revue of 1924, 199
Ansell, John, 156
Antheil, George, 189
Apollo Theatre (Atlantic City), 72, 156
Apple Blossoms, 516n.24
Arden, Victor, 142, 144, 147, 177, 205, 257
“Argentina,” 92–93
Arlen, Harold, 451, 474–75
Arlen, Michael, 189
Armitage, Merle, 91–92, 456–57, 469–70
Arnst, Bobbe, 236, 237
art, visual, 269, 367, 448, 452–53
“Arthur Francis” (alias for Ira Gershwin), 69–70, 74, 86, 110, 116
Arts Club gallery (Chicago), 367
Askins, Harry, 34–36, 375
Astaire, Adele, 20, 52
in The Bunch and Judy, 104
in Funny Face, 214, 223–28, 230
Gershwin and, 191–97
Gershwin’s romantic involvement with, 344, 346
in For Goodness Sake, 78, 80–81, 104–6
in Lady, Be Good!, 106, 141–44, 147–49, 184, 190–91
George Jean Nathan and, 528n.15
as singer, 226
Astaire, Fred, 52, 453
Alex Aarons and, 77–78
John Bubbles and, 425
in The Bunch and Judy, 104
in A Damsel in Distress, 475–76
early meeting with Gershwin, 20
in Funny Face, 214, 223–28, 230
in For Goodness Sake, 74, 80–81, 104–6
and Kern’s “Pale Venetian Moon,” 195
in Lady, Be Good!, 106–7, 141–44, 147–49, 184, 190
in Shall We Dance, 458, 462, 463, 471
as singer, 226
in Stepping Toes, 451
Atkinson, Brooks
Oh, Kay! review, 204
Of Thee I Sing review, 341, 342
Porgy and Bess review, 435
Show Girl review, 273
Song of the Flame review, 181
Strike Up the Band review, 286
Treasure Girl review, 257
Atlantic City, New Jersey, 50, 72, 156
Atteridge, Harold, 25
“Babbitt and the Bromide, The,” 224–25, 228
“Babes in the Woods,” 186
“Baby!,” 521n.13
Bach, J. S., 210
“Back to Bach,” 477
Baker, Kenny, 494
Baker, Phil, 495
Balanchine, George, 493–94
Baltimore, Maryland, 72, 170
“Barbary Coast,” 310
Bargy, Roy, 255, 329
Barnby, Joseph, 174
Barnes, Maggie, 371
Bartók, Béla, 113
Bayes, Nora, 38, 40, 41
BBC Symphony, 332
“Beau Brummel,” 138
“Beautiful Bird,” 517n.2
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 212
Behrman, S. N., 7, 23, 269, 451, 487
Belcher, Fred, 34
Bel Geddes, Norman, 346
Benchley, Robert
Funny Face review, 223, 224
For Goodness Sake review, 81
Pardon My English review, 356–57
Scandals of 1923 review, 108–9
Strike Up the Band review, 286
Tell Me More review, 157
Treasure Girl review, 256
Bennett, Robert Russell, 206, 312, 313, 327
Benny, Jack, 469
Berg, Alban, 249–50
Bergen, Edgar, 495
Berlin, Germany, 246–47
Berlin, Irving
in “Fifty Years of American Music” article, 279–80
Gershwin as transcriber for, 44–45, 58
on Gershwin’s job at Remick, 16
influence on Gershwin, 18
and jazz opera proposal, 151, 152
in Paris, 189
Berman, Pandro, 447, 469, 485
“Bess, You Is My Woman Now,” 400–401, 404, 407, 414, 415, 436, 441
Beverly Hills, California, 318–19, 452–53, 496–98
Beverly-Wilshire Hotel (Los Angeles), 451–52
Bickel, George, 64
“Bidin’ My Time,” 309
Big Charade, The, 332; See also Of Thee I Sing
Billboard, 53–54, 60–62
Binney, Constance, 116–19, 523n.9
Black, Frank, 481
“black and tan” clubs, 30
Black Belt, 162
Black-Eyed Susan, 141; See also Lady, Be Good!
blackface, 34, 87, 182, 272–73, 276
“Blah-Blah-Blah,” 322
Blake, James Hubert “Eubie,” 29, 30, 87
Bliss, Arthur, 115
Bloch, Ernest, 279
Bloom, Ben, 16, 17
“Blossom Ballet,” 181
“Blue, Blue, Blue,” 361–62
Blue Monday (Opera ala Afro American), 87–92, 164, 171, 172; See also 135th Street
“Blue Monday Blues,” 89, 90
blue notes, 65, 145, 168
blues music, 65–66, 530–31n.6
in An American in Paris, 260
in Blue Monday, 88–89
in “Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!,” 315
in Concerto in F, 168
in “The Half of It, Dearie, Blues,” 148
in “I’ll Build a Stairway to Paradise,” 86–87
in “Kickin’ the Clouds Away,” 158
in Lady, Be Good!, 145–49
in “The Man I Love,” 147–48
in “On My Mind the Whole Night Long,” 64–66
and race, 212
in Rhapsody in Blue, 122–23
structure and musical characteristics, 65
in Three Preludes, 187
in “Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
Bodansky, Arthur, 266
Bold, Richard, 90
Bolton, Guy
Delicious, 319, 320
Girl Crazy, 308
in Hollywood, 318
Lady, Be Good!, 142
Miss 1917, 31–33
Oh, Kay!, 198–99
Primrose, 137
Rosalie, 234
Tip-Toes, 172
Bordoni, Irene, 80, 116
Boston, Massachusetts
Eva Gauthier’s Jordan Hall recital, 111, 112
La-La-Lucille! tryouts, 51
Porgy and Bess premiere, 431, 433–34
Rosalie tryout, 234
Show Girl tryout, 270–71
Boston Evening Transcript, 326
Boston Evening Traveler, 328
Boston Globe, 285, 341, 433–34
Boston Herald, 273, 491
Boston Pops Orchestra, 271–72, 448
Boston Post, 328, 434
Boston Symphony Orchestra, 278, 319, 326
Boston Transcript, 111, 285
Botkin, Benjamin, 96–98, 202
Botkin, Henry, 269, 387, 472, 475
Boulanger, Nadia, 239
“Boy Wanted,” 73, 139
“Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!,” 315
Braggiotti, Mario, 244–45
Brahms, Johannes, 210
brain tumor, 470, 486–89
Brice, Fanny, 31
“Bridge and Groom,” 205, 207
Broadhurst Theatre (New York), 41, 278
Broadway Brevities, 70
Broadway Dance Orchestra, 83
Brooklyn, New York, 4, 10
Brooklyn Academy of Music, 170
Brooklyn Eagle, 264
Broun, Heywood, 51
Brown, Anne Wiggins, 416, 420–23, 425, 431–32, 449, 455–56
Brown, John Mason, 342, 357
Brown, Ray C. B., 446
Brunswick studio, 481
Bruskin, Rose, See Gershwin, Rose Bruskin
Bryan, Alfred, 45
Bubbles, John W. (John William Sublett), 416, 425, 441
Buchanan, Charles L., 211
Buchanan, Jack, 354, 356, 357
Budworth Company, 452
Buffalo, New York, 207
Bunch and Judy, The, 104, 195
Burns, George, 476
Burns, Robert, 321
Busby, Earle, 313
Butler, David, 319
“But Not for Me,” 50, 315
Butt, Sir Alfred, 105, 190
Byfield, Mrs. Ernest, 252
Byron, Edward, 383, 461
“By Strauss,” 452
Caesar, Irving
collaborations with Gershwin, 45–46
as lyricist for Gershwin, 19–20, 45, 46
“Swanee,” 46–47
“We’re Pals,” 62
“Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
“You-oo Just You,” 33–34
Café Sacher (Vienna), 247–48
Caldwell, Anne, 104
California, See Hollywood
“California, Here I Come,” 49
Cantor, Eddie, 31
“Can’t We Be Friends,” 347
Capitol Theatre (New York), 53
Caribbean, Gershwin’s cruise on (1935), 443–45
Carisbrooke, Lord and Lady, 159
Carlisle, Kitty, 345
Carmen (Bizet), 418
Carnegie Hall (New York)
Concerto in F, 165, 169–70
135th Street, 172, 181–83
Porgy and Bess (private read-through), 431–32
Rhapsody in Blue, 150–51
Second Rhapsody, 329
“Third Modern American Music Concert,” 255–56
Tip-Toes (1998), 177–78
“Carolina in the Morning,” 112
Carpenter, Constance, 202
Carson, Doris, 282, 538n.13
Carter, Desmond, 137–39, 240
Casella, Alfredo, 272, 332
casting, Gershwin’s view of, 368–69
Castle, Irene, 32
Catfish Row, See Suite from Porgy and Bess
Catlett, Walter, 256
Catskill Mountains, 16–17
Cavendish, Charles, Lord, 197
Cedars of Lebanon Hospital (Los Angeles), 486–87
Century Theater (New York), 30–31, 33–34, 93
Chaplin, Charlie, 473
Chapman, Marguerite, 469
Chappell Music Ltd., 102, 141
Charig, Phil, 240
Charleston, South Carolina, 369–71, 374–75, 386, 427
Charleston (dance rhythm), 147, 167, 168, 170, 174
Charleston News and Courier, 374–75
Charlot’s Revue of 1926, The, 199
Chesterton, G. K., 257
Chicago, Illinois, 379–80
Chicago Daily News, 367
Chicago Herald, 449–50
Chicago Symphony Orchestra, 449–50
Chicago Tribune, 367
Chocolate Soldier, The, 305
Chopin, Frédéric, 15
Chotzinoff, Samuel, 170, 187, 255–56, 265
Christian Science Monitor, 341, 434
Christie Street, Lower East Side, New York, 10–11
Chumleigh Farm (Ossining, New York), 220–21
Cincinnati, Ohio, 268, 293
Cincinnati Commercial Tribune, 268
Cincinnati Enquirer, 212
Cincinnati Symphony Orchestra, 211–12, 268
“Cinderella musicals,” 368
Circus Day: Eight Pictures from Memory (Taylor), 182
“Clap Yo’ Hands,” 186, 202, 204, 207, 350
“Clara, Clara, Don’t You Be Downhearted,” 409–10
Clark, Bobby, 282–84
Clayton, Lou, 271
Clef Club Orchestra, 43
Coates, Albert, 547n.16
Coconut Grove (New York), 33–34
Col. Lagg’s Great Empire Show, 69
Coleman, Robert, 316
Columbia Records, 253
Columbia University, 74
“Comin’ through the rye,” 321
Compton, Betty, 202, 225, 227
“Concert of Ancient and Modern Vocal Music,” 111–12
Concerto in D Minor (Bach), 210
Concerto in F, 162–65, 167–70, 172, 175, 188
Boston Pops performance, 448
Carnegie Hall premiere, 169–70
Cincinnati Symphony concert, 211–13
Walter Damrosch’s commission for, 155, 162, 265–66
Grofé arrangement, 255–56
Oscar Levant and, 482
Lewisohn Stadium concerts, 230, 302, 448–49
Los Angeles concerts, 456, 469, 470, 480
Milwaukee Philharmonic Orchestra performance, 278
Musicians’ Symphony Orchestra concert, 354
New York Symphony performance (1926), 207–8
Paris performance, 250–51
program note, 167
Ravinia Park concert, 449
two-piano arrangement, 186
Connecticut Yankee, A, 346–47
Connelly, Marc, 214, 215
Connolly, Bobby, 256
Constitution Hall (Washington,
D. C.), 446
Cook, Joe, 43
Coolidge, Elizabeth, 484
Copland, Aaron, 98, 279, 306–8, 481, 498
Corigliano, John, 379
Cornell University, 290–91
Coronation Piano Concerto (Mozart), 210
“Cossack Love Song (Don’t Forget Me),” 180
Cotton Club, Harlem, 272, 275
“Could You Use Me?,” 309–10
countermelody, 22
Covarrubias, Miguel, 171
Cowan, Jerome, 463
Coward, Noël, 240
Crawford, Jesse, 299
“Critics Look to Harlem Composer to Write Music for Opera Portraying American Life” (Home News article), 171
Cuban Overture, 352–54, 456, 483
Cushing, Edward, 263–64
Cuttner, Solomon, 329
Dale, Alan, 76, 200
Dalrymple, Dolly, 94
Daly, Bill, 344, 454–55
and Concerto in F, 163, 255, 482
death of, 455
education and early career, 96–97
fundraising concerts during Great Depression, 354
and For Goodness Sake, 80
New York Philharmonic all-Gershwin concert, 351
and Oh, Kay!, 205
and Our Nell, 95–97
and Piccadilly to Broadway, 70
Ravinia Park concert (July 25, 1936), 449
and Rhapsody in Blue, 332–33
and Second Rhapsody, 328
Daly, John J., 176
Damrosch, Leopold, 162
Damrosch, Walter
Concerto in F, 162–64, 168–70, 207–8, 265–66
Ira Gershwin Ira Gershwin, 263
Damsel in Distress, A, 469, 470, 475–79
“Dancing Shoes,” 73–74
Dandy, Walter, 488–89
Dangerous Maid, A, 71–73, 77, 139, 140
“Darktown Poker Club, The” (Vodery and Williams), 30
Darnton, Charles, 91
Davenport, Marcia, 438–39, 446–47
Davidow, Ed, 96
Davis, Burton, 205
Day, Juliette, 72
Dead End, 447
Dearest Enemy, 35
Debussy, Claude, 15, 242
de Courville, Albert, 99, 103, 105
Delicious (movie), 28, 296, 319–26, 331, 462
“Delishious,” 320–21
Demitasse Revue, 53
Department of Commerce, U.S., 82
Dere Mable, 62
DeSylva, George Garde “Buddy”
Blue Monday, 87–88
“Do It Again,” 79, 80
George White’s Scandals of 1923, 107
“I’ll Build a Stairway to Paradise,” 86
“I Won’t Say I Will but I Won’t Say I Won’t,” 116
Al Jolson and, 49, 53
“Kitchenette,” 517n.2
135th Street, 172
and Paleys, 23
“Somebody Loves Me,” 135
Sweet Little Devil, 117, 118
Tell Me More, 155
“Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
Diaghilev, Serge, 250–51
Diamond, Jack, 17
Dietz, Howard, 203, 204
Dillingham, Charles, 29
Astaires and, 105
and The Bunch and Judy, 195
and Concerto in F, 163
and For Goodness Sake, 104–5
and Miss 1917, 29, 32
and Nifties of 1923, 116
“Ding Dong,” 284
Disney, Walt, 324
Dixon, Harland, 202, 204
“Do-Do-Do,” 188, 202, 207, 244, 350
“Does Jazz Belong to Art?” (Gershwin article), 184–85
“Do It Again,” 79–80, 83, 112, 350
Donahue, Jack, 233, 236
Donahue, Lester, 150, 169, 249
Dornberger, Charles, and his Orchestra, George White’s Scandals of 1923, 107
Doucet, Clement, 244
“Do What You Do,” 274
Downes, Olin
An American in Paris review, 265
Concerto in F review, 169–70, 208, 256
135th Street review, 182–83
as pianist, 210
Porgy and Bess review, 435
Rhapsody in Blue premiere, 115,
130
Second Rhapsody review, 329
“Down with Everyone Who’s Up,” 359–60
Dresser, Louise, 36–37
Dresser, Paul, 36
Dreyfus, Louis, 246
Dreyfus, Max, 35–37, 42, 44, 79, 240
“Drifting Along with the Tide,” 76–77
Dukelsky, Vladimir (Vernon Duke), 445
arranging assistance for Gershwin, 136
on Concerto in F Paris performance (1928), 250–51
and Goldwyn Follies, 493
Paris visit with Gershwin, 245
and “Somebody Loves Me,” 136
and “Swanee,” 47
Dulcy, 215
Duncan, Gladys, 423
Duncan, Todd, 400, 416, 423–26, 449, 469
Durante, Jimmy, 271–73
Dushkin, Samuel, 252, 472–73
Dvorˇák, Antonin, 11, 98
Dybbuk, The, 278–79
East 72nd Street, New York (Gershwin residence), 396
East Is West, 268, 270, 310
Eastman School of Drama and Dramatic Action, 427
Edge, Jack, 103
Edison (record label), 83
Edwardes, Felix, 156
Edwards, Cliff, 144
Ed Wynn’s Carnival, 62
Ellington, Duke, 272–75, 462, 498, 531n.13
Elzy, Ruby, 426, 439, 449, 551–52n.15
“Embraceable You,” 8, 310, 315
Empire Palace, Ltd., 99
Empire Theatre (London), 99, 102–4
Era, the (newspaper), 190
Erskine, John, 210
Europe, Gershwin family’s visit to 238–53
Eveready Hour (radio program), 83
“Everybody Wants the Key to My Cellar,” 55
Ewen, David, 539–40n.9
“Experiment in Modern Music, An,” 119–21, 123, 128–31, 265
Fairbanks, Marion, 204
Fall, Leo, 246
Fantasia, 324
Farr, Finus, 383, 384
Farrar, Herbert, 379
Farrell, Charles, 320
“Fascinating Rhythm,” 8, 143, 145–47, 350
“Feeling I’m Falling,” 258
Feenamint, 385
Fekerte, Monsieur, 242
Ferguson, Otis, 492
“Fidgety Feet,” 204
Fiedler, Arthur, 448
Field, Marshall, III, 443
Fields, Benny, 182
Fields, Lew, 32
“Fifty Years of American Music” (American Hebrew article), 279–80, 307
Finchley’s (clothing store), 77–78
Fine and Dandy, 347
Finley Society of the City College of New York, 16
Finn, Else, 446
Fish, Sidney and Olga, 468
Fisher, Rob, 177–78
Florida, 299, 375
Flying Island, 102
“Foggy Day, A,” 478
folk opera, 415–16
“Folk Song,” 38
Folly Beach, South Carolina, 387
Fontaine, Joan, 476, 477
Fontanne, Lynn, 215
Ford, Helen, 81
For Goodness Sake, 74, 78–81, 97, 104–6
Forrest Theatre (Philadelphia), 144
44th Street Theatre (New York), 181
Foster, Alan K., 80
“Four Little Sirens,” 139
Four Saints in Three Acts (Stein and Thomson), 438
Fox City Theater (14th Street, New York), 27
Fox Film Corporation, 305
Fox movie studio, 28
Fox Movietone Company, 259
Foy, Eddie, Jr., 275
Francis, Arthur (Ira Gershwin), See “Arthur Francis”
Franco-American Society (New York), 342
Frawley, Paul, 257
Fray, Jacques, 244
Frazee, Harry, 38–39
Freedley, Vinton
and A Dangerous Maid, 72–74
and Funny Face, 223, 224
and Girl Crazy, 308, 309
and For Goodness Sake, 81
and Lady, Be Good!, 149
Ethel Merman and, 311
and Oh, Kay!, 198–200
and Pardon My English, 354
and Tip-Toes, 172
and Treasure Girl, 256
French Doll, The, 80
Friede, Anna, 296
Friedhofer, Hugo, 324
Friml, Rudolf, 35, 178, 233
Funny Face, 196, 223–30, 234, 239, 289
“Funny Face,” 228
Furber, Douglas, 240
G. Schirmer publishers, 25, 189
Gabriel, Gilbert, 286, 357, 363, 464
Gaiety Theatre (New York), 156
Ganny, Nadige de, Countess, 344
Garbo, Greta, 319
Gardella, Tess, 76
Garland, Robert, 230, 286–87, 316, 341
Garrett, Lloyd, 66, 77
Gauthier, Eva, 111–16, 119, 159, 188, 239, 521n.13
Gaxton, William, 335
Gaynor, Janet, 320, 544n.8
GEMA, 246–47
Gensler, Lewis E., 347
George Gershwin: A Study in American Music (Goldberg), 296
“George Gershwin Night” (Kit Kat Club, London), 240–41
George Gershwin’s Song-book, 348–51
George White’s Scandals (1921–1924), 70
George White’s Scandals of 1919, 63
George White’s Scandals of 1920, 62–67, 70, 77
George White’s Scandals of 1921, 76
George White’s Scandals of 1922, 84–92, 164
George White’s Scandals of 1923, 107–10
George White’s Scandals of 1924, 135–36
Gershwin (as surname), 4, 507n.4
Gershwin, Arthur, 6
Gershwin, Frances “Frankie,” See Godowsky, Frances Gershwin
Gershwin, George
and African-American music, 29–31
African-American themed opera plans, 87–88
Merle Armitage and, 456–57
as art collector, 367, 452–53
as ASCAP member, 59
Adele Astaire and, 191–97, 344, 346
Fred Astaire and, 20, 78; See also Astaire, Fred
Irving Berlin and, 44–45
Billboard interview (1920), 60–62
birth, 10
Boston Post interview, 368–69
brain tumor, 486–88
as Broadway pianist, 33–34, 38–41
Anne Wiggins Brown and, 421–22
John Bubbles and, 425
in California, See Hollywood
Caribbean cruise after Porgy and Bess debut, 443–45
at Chumleigh Farm, 220–21
Cincinnati Symphony concerts, 211–12
comments to reporters upon returning from Europe (1928), 254
compositional methods and devices, 206–7, 301–2
concert tour (1934), 375–81
Aaron Copland and, 306–8, 498
as critic and writer, 165–67, 184–86, 210, 213–14, 279–80, 300–302, 415–19, 435
death of, 488–89
“Does Jazz Belong to Art?” article, 184–85
Duke Ellington, parallels with, 273–74
Max Dreyfus and, 35–37, 42, 44, 79
early musical experiences/education, 6, 11–16
emotional reticence of, 343–44
eulogies, tributes, and obituaries, 489–92
in Europe (1928), 238–53
as extroverted child, 11–12
family background, 3–9
father’s death, 343
“Fifty Years of American Music” article, 279–80
first compositions, 16
first paying job, 16–17
first piano, 6, 12
first piano lessons, 12
first public performance, 16
in Florida, 299
fundraising concerts during Great Depression, 353–54
funeral of, 489
and Eva Gauthier’s recitals, 111–15
Ira Gershwin as lyricist for, 37–38; See also Gershwin, Ira
Ira Gershwin’s personality/career compared to, 68
Paulette Goddard and, 473–75
growing influence as songwriter and composer in 1920s, 209–10
harmony/composition studies with Goldmark, 97–99
harmony/composition studies with Kilenyi, 25–26, 31, 52, 61, 74–76, 98–99, 280
Harms contract (1918), 59–60
in Havana, 352
in Hollywood, See Hollywood
jazz as influence on, 29–31, 58; See also jazz
“Jazz Is the Voice of the American Soul” article, 213–14
and jazz opera proposal, 151, 152
on Jerome Kern’s influence, 18
last weeks of life, 485–86
Oscar Levant and, See Levant, Oscar
Lewisohn Stadium concerts, 230, 302, 448–49
Charles Lindbergh and, 231–32
in London, See London, England
Los Angeles concerts, 469–70
“Making Music” article, 300–302
Rouben Mamoulian and, 428–29
memorial concerts, 493
memory slips/blackouts, 470, 480
Ethel Merman and, 311, 318–19
“Mr. Gershwin Replies to Mr. Kramer” article, 185–86
movie music, See Hollywood
musical legacy, 498–99
Music by Gershwin radio programs, 383–85
Negro opera proposal, 155
New York Herald Paris edition interview, 247
New York Symphony Orchestra commission for concerto,
155
obituaries and eulogies, 490–92
“Our New National Anthem” article, 165–67
as painter, 269, 448
and Paleys, 22–24, 70–71
in Paris, See Paris
as pianist for Ladies First, 38–41
piano lessons with Charles Hambitzer, 13–15, 509nn.11–12
piano rolls, 20–22, 154–55
and radio, 82–83, 302–4
Ravinia Park concert (Chicago, 1936), 449–50
as rehearsal pianist, 37
and Remick Music Corp., 8, 16–20, 22, 24–27, 30, 34, 78
and RKO songwriting deal, 447–48
Ginger Rogers and, 345
romantic relationships, 344–48, 458–59, 473–75; See also Swift, Kay
Beryl Rubinstein’s interview on style of, 94–95
San Francisco concert (1937), 468–69
in Gilbert Seldes’s Saturday Evening Post history of jazz article, 210–11
sense of humor, 7
songbook published, 348–51
as song plugger, 6, 16–20, 30, 510n.24, 27
Kay Swift and, 197, 345–48, 443–44, 450, 455, 459–62, 472
Art Tatum and, 484
as vaudeville accompanist, 27–28, 36–37
Rosamond Walling and, 277, 288–99, 332, 344, 348
Paul Whiteman and, See Whiteman, Paul
Flo Ziegfeld and, 232–34, 277–78
Gregory Zilboorg and, 443–44, 454, 455, 458–62
works: concert music
An American in Paris, See American in Paris, An
Concerto in F, See Concerto in F
135th Street, 171, 172, 181–83, 188
Rhapsody in Blue, See Rhapsody in Blue
Rumba (Cuban Overture), 352–53
Second Rhapsody for Orchestra with Piano, 296, 324–30, 483, 518n.13
Suite from Porgy and Bess for symphony orchestra, 445–46, 448, 449, 468
Three Preludes, 186–88
works: movie music
A Damsel in Distress, 469, 470, 475–79
Delicious, 319–26, 331, 462
Shall We Dance, 457, 460, 462–67, 470–71
works: musical theater
A Dangerous Maid, 71–73, 77, 139, 140
Funny Face, 196, 223–30, 234, 239, 289
George White’s Scandals of 1920, 62–67, 70, 77
George White’s Scandals of 1921, 76
George White’s Scandals of 1922, 84–92, 164
George White’s Scandals of 1923, 107–10
George White’s Scandals of 1924, 135–36
Girl Crazy, 214, 308–17, 319
Lady, Be Good!, 141–49, 151, 184, 188–91
La-La-Lucille!, 48–52, 78, 80
Let ’Em Eat Cake, 358–63, 368, 381
Oh, Kay!, 55–56, 188, 198–208, 240
Of Thee I Sing, 325–26, 328, 334–43, 368
Pardon My English, 354–58
Primrose, 136–41
The Rainbow, 99–100, 102–4, 109
Rosalie, 232–37
Show Girl, 214, 268, 270–78
Strike Up the Band, 215–22, 254, 278, 281–87, 299, 331, 482
Sweet Little Devil, 116–19, 122
Tell Me More, 154–60
Tip-Toes, 164, 168, 172–78, 198, 209
Treasure Girl, 214, 256–58
works: musical theater (as contributor/collaborator)
For Goodness Sake, 74, 79–81
Half-Past Eight, 42–44
Little Miss Bluebeard, 116
Nifties of 1923, 116, 186
Our Nell, 95–97
works: opera, See Porgy and Bess
works: operetta
Song of the Flame, 172, 178–81
works: songs
“Across the Sea,” 92
“Argentina,” 92–93
“The Babbitt and the Bromide,” 224–25, 228–29
“Baby!,” 521n.13
“Barbary Coast,” 310
“Beau Brummel,” 138
“Beginner’s Luck,” 463
“Bess, You Is My Woman Now,” 400–401, 404, 407, 414, 415, 436, 441
“Bidin’ My Time,” 309
“Blah-Blah-Blah,” 322
“Blue, Blue, Blue,” 361–62
“Blue Monday Blues,” 89
“Boy Wanted,” 73, 139
“Boy! What Love Has Done to Me!,” 315
“Bridge and Groom,” 205, 207
“But Not for Me,” 50, 315
“By Strauss,” 452
“Clara, Clara, Don’t You Be Downhearted,” 409–10
“Cossack Love Song ,” 180
“Could You Use Me?,” 309–10
“Delishious,” 320–21
“Do-Do-Do,” 188, 202, 207, 244
“Do It Again,” 79–80
“Do What You Do,” 274
“Down with Everyone Who’s Up,” 359–60
“Drifting Along with the Tide,” 76–77
“Embraceable You,” 8, 310, 315
“Fascinating Rhythm,” 8, 143, 145–47
“Feeling I’m Falling,” 257
“Fidgety Feet,” 204
“A Foggy Day,” 478
“Follow the Minstrel Band,” 275
“Four Little Sirens,” 139
“Funny Face,” 228
“The Half of It, Dearie, Blues,” 143, 148
“Hanging Around with You,” 282
“Hanging Throttlebottom in the Morning,” 362
“Hang On to Me,” 107, 148
“Harlem Serenade,” 272, 275
“Have You Heard,” 160
“Heaven on Earth,” 204–5
“He Loves and She Loves,” 229–30
“Hey! Hey! Let ’Er Go!,” 118
“High Hat,” 225, 227
“Hi-Ho!,” 451–52
“How About a Boy Like Me?,” 283
“How Long Has This Been Going On?,” 229, 236–37
“I Can’t Be Bothered Now,” 476
“Idle Dreams,” 66
“I Don’t Think I’ll Fall in Love Today,” 257
“If I Became the President,” 282–83
“I Found a Four-Leaf Clover,” 92
“I Got Plenty o’ Nuttin’,” 391, 396–98, 401, 424
“I Got Rhythm,” 311, 313–16, 479, 484, 542n.11
“I’ll Build a Stairway to Paradise,” 85–87
“The Illegitimate Daughter,” 338
“I Loves You, Porgy,” 404–5, 436
“I Love to Be Loved by You,” 50
“I Love to Rhyme,” 495
“I Mean to Say,” 282
“I Must Be Home by Twelve O’Clock,” 275
“Innocent Ingenue Baby,” 97
“Isn’t It a Pity?,” 355
“It Ain’t Necessarily So,” 401–2, 441
“It Take a Long Pull to Get There,” 403
“I’ve Got a Crush on You,” 282
“I Was Doing All Right,” 495
“I Was So Young,” 45–46
“I Won’t Say I Will but I Won’t Say I Won’t,” 116
“The Jijibo,” 118
“The Jolly Tar and the Milk Maid,” 476
“Just Another Rhumba,” 495
“Just to Know You Are Mine,” 73
“Katinkitschka,” 322
“Kickin’ the Clouds Away,” 158, 202
“Land of the Gay Caballero,” 314
“Leavin’ for the Promise’ Lan’,” 394–95
“Let ’Em Eat Cake,” 361
“Let Me Be a Friend to You,” 236
“Let’s Be Lonesome Together,” 109
“Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off,” 465
“The Life of a Rose,” 108
“Little Jazz Bird,” 148–49
“Little Villages,” 97
“Liza,” 270–71, 275–76, 383–84, 484
“Lo-La-Lo,” 108
“The Lonesome Cowboy,” 309
“Looking for a Boy,” 174
“The Lorelei,” 355
“Love, I Never Knew,” 160
“Love Is Here to Stay,” 495–96, 560–61n.33
“Love Is Sweeping the Country,” 336, 337
“Love Walked In,” 50, 494–95
“Mademoiselle in New Rochelle,” 283
“Mah-Jongg,” 118
“Making of a Girl,” 25
“Manhattan Rhapsody,” 323
“The Man I Love,” 50, 140, 145, 147–48, 186, 217, 240, 281, 525n.5
“Mary, Queen of Scots,” 138
“Maybe,” 201, 207
“Midnight Bells,” 180–81
“Mine,” 360
“The Mophams,” 138
“Mr. and Mrs. Sipkin,” 156
“Murderous Monty,” 160
“My Cousin in Milwaukee,” 355
“My Fair Lady,” 157
“My Man’s Gone Now,” 393–94, 439
“My One and Only,” 225, 227
“Nice Work If You Can Get It,” 478–79
“Nobody but You,” 50
“Of Thee I Sing,” 337, 340, 379
“Oh, Hevn’ly Father,” 405
“Oh, I Can’t Sit Down,” 401
“Oh, Lady Be Good!,” 145
“Oh Gee—Oh Joy!,” 236
“Oh Lawd, I’m on My Way,” 415, 424
“On My Mind the Whole Night Long,” 64–66
“Pepita,” 118
“Posterity Is Just Around the Corner,” 339
“Ragging the Träumerei,” 16
“The Real American Folk Song (Is a Rag),” 38–39, 40
“A Red-Headed Woman,” 407
“The Runaway Girl,” 24–25
“Sam and Delilah,” 311–12
“Say So!,” 235–36
“Shall We Dance?,” 466, 467
“Show Me the Town,” 204, 236
“The Signal,” 180
“Sing of Spring,” 477–78
“Slap That Bass,” 462–63
“So Are You,” 275
“Somebody from Somewhere,” 321
“Some Faraway Someone,” 138, 140
“Some Girls Can Bake a Pie,” 336
“Someone,” 81
“Someone Believes in You,” 119
“Someone to Watch Over Me,” 203, 204, 207
“Something About Love,” 39
“Some Wonderful Sort of Someone,” 39
“Song of the Flame,” 179–80
“Soon,” 281
“South Sea Islands,” 77
“Stiff Upper Lip,” 477
“Strike Up the Band,” 218–19, 284, 531n.13
“Summertime,” 386, 388–89, 421, 423
“Swanee,” 20, 46–47, 52–54
“Sweet and Low-Down,” 168, 175, 177, 202
“Sweetheart,” 102
“ ’S Wonderful,” 225, 229
“Tee-Oodle-Um-Bum-Bo,” 49–50
“Tell Me More,” 157–58
“The Ten Commandments of Love,” 50
“That Certain Feeling,” 174–75
“That New-Fangled Mother of Mine,” 138
“There Is Nothing Too Good for You,” 108
“There’s a Boat Dat’s Leavin’ Soon for New York,” 411–12
“There’s More to the Kiss Than the X-X-X,” 33, 50
“These Charming People,” 174, 176, 177
“They All Laughed,” 463–64
“They Can’t Take That Away from Me,” 465–66, 471
“Things Are Looking Up,” 477
“This Is the Life for a Man,” 138
“Three Times a Day,” 157
“Throw Her in High,” 108
“Tonight,” 356
“Treat Me Rough,” 314–15
“Under a One-Man Top,” 118
“Virginia,” 118–19
“Wait a Bit, Susie,” 138, 140
“Waiting for the Sun to Come Out,” 69
“We’re Pals,” 62
“When Armies Disband,” 20
“When Toby Is Out of Town,” 138
“When You Want ’Em, You Can’t Get ’Em,” 24
“Where Is She?,” 109
“Where’s the Boy? Here’s the Girl,” 257
“Who Cares?,” 338, 339, 349
“Who Is the Lucky Girl to Be?,” 336
“Who’s the Greatest?,” 362
“Why Do I Love You?,” 158–59
“Wintergreen for President,” 335
“A Woman Is a Sometime Thing,” 386
“The Woman’s Touch,” 205
“Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
“You-oo Just You,” 33–34
works: “vaudeville opera”
Blue Monday, 87–92
Gershwin, Ira, 5, 68–70; See also “Arthur Francis”
Alex Aarons and, 48
and Be Yourself, 215
in California (1936), 450
on childhood in New York, 10–11
at Chumleigh Farm, 220
comic songs, 73
early work as Gershwin’s lyricist, 34, 37–38
in England, 240
family’s influence on, 9
as family spokesman, 6
father’s comments on lyrics of, 8
and Finley Society, 16
and Gershwin–Kay Swift correspondence, 197
and Gershwins’ 1928 European visit, 241–44, 247, 248, 250–53
on Gershwin’s childhood, 11–12
and Gershwin’s death, 492–93
on Gershwin’s early piano talent, 12
and Goldwyn Follies, 493, 494
in Hollywood, 318, 319
Oscar Levant and, 483
Rouben Mamoulian and, 428–29
New York Sun article on songwriting, 101–2
Lou Paley and, 22–23, 70, 152, 154
preference for life in California, 497
Pulitzer Prize for Of Thee I Sing, 343
as reliable source of family information, 6–7
and Rhapsody in Blue, 123
and RKO songwriting deal, 447–48
Rosamond Walling and, 289
Flo Ziegfeld and, 233
works: opera
Porgy and Bess, 386, 418, 445
works: shows
Funny Face, 223
Lady, Be Good!, 106–7
Oh, Kay!, 198, 201
Of Thee I Sing, 331, 334, 338, 343
Pardon My English, 354
Primrose, 138–41
Rosalie, 235, 236
Strike Up the Band, 215, 222
Tell Me More, 155
Tip-Toes, 172–76
“Gershwin, King of the Jazz Composers at 26, Says Piano Made Good Boy of Him” (McCommon), 171
Gershwin, Leonore Strunsky “Lee,” 23
in California (1936), 450, 451
at Chumleigh Farm, 220
in Europe (1928), 238
in Hollywood, 318, 319
Oscar Levant and, 482–83
Riverside Drive and 75th Street residence, 269
search for brain surgeon for Gershwin, 487–88
Rosamond Walling and, 289
Gershwin, Morris (Gershovitz), 3–10, 16, 297, 343
Gershwin, Rose Bruskin, 3–6, 9, 98–99
as boss of family, 8
in Florida, 299
Gershwin’s correspondence with, 473
and Gershwin’s first piano, 6
and Gershwin’s high school career, 16
and Gershwin’s involvement with Paulette Goddard, 473, 474
marriage, 4
on Remick buying “You-oo Just You,” 34
“Giddybug Gallop, The,” 531n.13
Gilbert and Sullivan, 286
Gilman, Lawrence, 129–30, 169, 170, 436
Girl Crazy, 214, 308–17, 319
Girl from Utah, The, 18
Givot, George, 354
Glaenzer, Jules, 80, 263
Globe Theatre (New York), 165
Goddard, Paulette, 345, 473–75
Godowsky, Frances Gershwin, 242
on family as cradle of talent, 8–9
on Gershwin’s bachelorhood, 344
Gershwin’s correspondence with, 474, 475, 485–86
and Gershwin’s life in California, 496–97
marriage to Leopold Godowsky, 318
and 1928 European trip, 245–46, 250
Godowsky, Leopold, Jr., 242, 245, 246, 318, 496
Godowsky, Leopold, Sr., 242–43, 484
Goetschius, Percy, 74
Goetz, E. Ray, 70, 80, 96, 97, 107, 116
Goldberg, Isaac
on Gershwin’s sense of humor, 7
on New York Philharmonic’s all-Gershwin concert (August 16, 1932), 351
on Porgy and Bess, 439–40
publication of Gershwin biography, 296, 333
on Show Girl, 539n.1
Goldenburg, William Smith, 212–13, 268
Goldfarb (musician), 13
Goldmark, Rubin, 97–99
Goldwyn, Samuel, 448, 458, 485, 493, 494
Goldwyn Follies, 479, 485, 486, 493–96
Golschmann, Vladimir, 250, 251
Goodman, Benny, 312, 484, 492
Good Morning, Judge, 45
Gorman, Ross, 125
Grand Central Palace (New York), 448
Great Depression, 353–54
Green, Abel, 129
Green, Miss (piano teacher), 12
Green, Morris, 347
Green Pastures, The, 440
“Greenstein the tailor” (Morris Gershovitz’s uncle), 4
Greenwich Village, New York City, 23
Grey, Clifford, 100, 102
Grofé, Ferde
Concerto in F, 165, 255
and Gershwin family, 128, 523n.8
Mississippi, 182
135th Street, 172
Rhapsody in Blue, 127–28
Second Rhapsody performance (November 4, 1932), 329
Whiteman’s hiring of, 84
Grosses Schauspielhaus (Berlin), 246
Grossmith, George, 156, 524n.3
Gruenberg, Louis, 279
Gumble, Mose, 16
“Half of It, Dearie, Blues, The,” 143, 148
Half-Past Eight, 42–44
Hall, Leonard, 176, 236–37
Hambitzer, Charles, 13–15, 22, 23, 26, 509nn.11–12
Hammerstein, Arthur, 172, 178
Hammerstein, Oscar, II, 178, 179, 234, 489
Hammond, John Jay, 231
Hammond, Percy, 204
Hampton, Earl, 532n.4
Hands Up (Romberg), 97
Handy, W. C., 65, 148, 530n.6
“Hangin’ Around with You,” See “(What’s the Use of) Hanging Around with You?”
“Hanging Throttlebottom in the Morning,” 362
“Hang On to Me,” 107, 148
Hannenfeldt, Zena, 452, 470
Harbach, Otto, 178, 179
Harburg, Yip, 4, 12, 447
Harlem, New York City, 11, 30
“Harlem Serenade,” 272, 275
harmony
in Gershwin’s compositions, 61, 86, 206
Gershwin’s studies with Kilenyi, 25–26, 31, 52, 61, 74–76, 98–99, 280
Harms (music publishers), 35–36
Louis Dreyfus and, 246
and George White’s Scandals, 63
Ira Gershwin and, 69
Gershwin as staff composer, 36, 52
Gershwin’s 1918 contract with, 59–60
and Gershwins’ 1928 European visit, 240, 241
and Our Nell, 97
and Primrose piano-vocal score, 141
and The Rainbow, 102
and “Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
Harms, T. B., 45
Harms–Chappell, 248
Harris, Sam, 305, 331
Hart, Charles, 182
Hart, Edward, 186
Hart, Lorenz, 35, 175–76, 346
Hart, Vivian, 217
Harty, Hamilton, 329
Hastings, Morris, 448
Hauser, Odell, 380
Havana, Cuba, 352
“Have You Heard,” 160
Hay, Mary, 256
Hayes, Grace, 103
“Heaven on Earth,” 204–5
Heifetz, Jascha, 345
Heifetz, Pauline, 344, 345
“He Loves and She Loves,” 229–30
Heming, Percy, 138
Henderson, W. J.
An American in Paris review, 265
Concerto in F review, 169
135th Street review, 182
Porgy and Bess review, 436
Rhapsody in Blue review, 130–31
Second Rhapsody review, 329
Henry Miller Theatre (New York), 516n.20
Henson, Leslie, 138, 156
Herbert, Victor, 29, 59, 124, 233
Herbert, Victoria, 77
Here and There, 70
“Here’s a Kiss for Cinderella,” 337
Herzogin von Chicago, Die (The Duchess of Chicago), 248
“Hey! Hey! Let ’Er Go!,” 118
Heyward, Dorothy, 372, 416
Heyward, DuBose, 255, 364
background and early career, 369–72
on Feenamint and Porgy and Bess, 385
Gershwin and, 344
Gershwin’s Charleston visit, 374–75, 405–6
Gershwin’s correspondence with, 380–81
Gershwin’s first meeting with, 372
and “I Got Plenty o’ Nuttin’,” 396, 397
impatience with Gershwin’s pace of work, 385–86
as lyricist, 418
Mamba’s Daughters, 292–93
and Mamoulian’s Charleston visit, 427
and plans for Porgy and Bess, 369
and Porgy and Bess contract, 374
and Porgy and Bess libretto, 382, 403
and Porgy as book and play, 416
Stage magazine article on Porgy and Bess, 434–35
and “Summertime,” 388
Heyward, Jane Screven “Janie,” 549n.5
Hicklin, Margery, 138
“High Hat,” 225, 227
High School of Commerce (New York), 8, 16
“Hi-Ho!,” 451–52
His Majesty’s Theatre (Aberdeen), 240
Hoctor, Harriet, 271, 466
Hofmann, Josef, 210
Hollywood, California
all-Gershwin concerts, 469–70
Aaron Copland in, 306–7
Gershwin in (1937), 468–79
Gershwin’s arrival in (1930), 318–19
Gershwin’s dissatisfaction with life in, 496–98
Gershwin’s early days in second visit (1936–1937), 451–62
Gershwin’s work on A Damsel in Distress, 469, 470, 475–79
Gershwin’s work on Delicious, 319–26, 331, 462
Gershwin’s work on Shall We Dance, 457, 460, 462–67, 470–71
last weeks of Gershwin’s life, 485–89
Hollywood Bowl, 493
Hollywood Citizen-News, 469
Holman, Libby, 347
Holtz, Lou, 76, 155–57
Home News, 171
Hooker, Brian, 96, 97
Horgan, Paul, 427
Horowitz, Joseph, 412
Horowitz, Vladimir, 252
Horton, Edward Everett, 463
Hotel Esplanade (Berlin), 246
Hotel Roosevelt (New York), 185
Hotel Roosevelt (New York), December 4, 1926, recital, 186–88
Houseman, John, 428
“How About a Boy Like Me?,” 283
Howard, Willie, 214, 309, 315
“How Long Has This Been Going On?,” 229, 236–37
“Humoresque” (Dvorˇák), 11
Huston, Josephine, 355
Hutcheson, Ernest, 163, 210
“Ibee” (Variety reviewer), 54–55
“I Can’t Be Bothered Now,” 476
“Idle Dreams,” 66
“I Don’t Think I’ll Fall in Love Today,” 257
“If I Became the President,” 282–83
“I Found a Four-Leaf Clover,” 92
“I Got Plenty o’ Nuttin’,” 391, 396–98, 401, 424
“I Got Rhythm,” 311, 313–16, 350, 479, 484, 542n.11
“I’ll Build a Stairway to Paradise,” 85–87, 106, 110, 112, 350
“Illegitimate Daughter, The,” 338
“I Loves You, Porgy,” 404–5, 436
“I Love to Rhyme,” 495
“I Mean to Say,” 282
“I’m on My Way,” See “Oh Lawd, I’m on My Way”
Imperial Theatre (New York), 207, 363
“I Must Be Home by Twelve O’Clock,” 275
“Innocent Ingenue Baby,” 97, 102, 112
“Innocent Lonesome Blue Baby,” 102
International Composers’ Guild, 307
International Congress of Authors and Composers, 246
International Society for Contemporary Music (ISCM), 332
Ipana Troubadours (radio program), 83
Irving Berlin, Inc., Music Publishers, 83, 515n.6
“Isn’t It a Pity?,” 355
“It Ain’t Necessarily So,” 401–2, 441
Italian honor for Gershwin, 496
“It Take a Long Pull to Get There,” 403
“I’ve Got a Crush on You,” 282
“(I’ve Got) Beginner’s Luck,” 463
“I Was Doing All Right,” 495
“I Was So Young (You Were So Beautiful),” 45–46
“I Won’t Say I Will but I Won’t Say I Won’t,” 116
Jackson, Arthur, 63, 80
Jackson, Eddie, 271
Jackson, Fred, 80
Jaffe, Max, 111
James, Paul (James Paul Warburg), 347
“Japanese Sandman,” 84
Jazz Age, 106
“Jazz Is the Voice of the American Soul” (Gershwin article), 213–14
jazz music; See also blues music; Ellington, Duke
and Concerto in F, 163–64, 169
Eva Gauthier and, 111–15
in George White’s Scandals of 1920, 64
and Gershwin’s early musical ventures, 58
and Gershwin’s New York Herald interview, 247
and Gershwin’s 1934 concert tour, 379–80
Gershwin’s songs as standards, 484, 492
in Girl Crazy, 312
and “I Got Rhythm,” 314, 542n.11
as influence on Gershwin’s composing, 29–31, 209–10, 212–14, 379–80
and 135th Street, 188
and “Our New National Anthem” article, 165–67
and Rhapsody in Blue, 122–25, 131, 151
Gilbert Seldes’s Saturday Evening Post article, 210–11
“What Shall We Do with Jazz?” debate, 184–86
Paul Whiteman and, 119
jazz opera, 151–52, 171, 210–11
Jerome H. Remick Music Corp., See Remick Music Corp.
Jessye, Eva, 420, 429, 449
Jews and Judaism on Lower East Side, 12
“Jijibo, The,” 118
“Jilted,” 339
Johnson, Francis Hall, 440–42
Johnson, J. Rosamond, 429
Johnson, James P., 29, 30, 31, 103
Johnson, James Weldon, 428
“Jolly Tar and the Milk Maid, The,” 476
Jolson, Al, 49, 53, 271, 373–74
Jones, Isabelle Morse, 469
Jonny spielt auf (Johnny Strikes Up the Band) (Krenek), 249
Jordan Hall (Boston), 111
Jubilee Singers, 272
Judaism in Gershwin family, 6
June Moon, 278
“Just Another Rhumba,” 495
“Just to Know You Are Mine,” 73
Kahlo, Frida, 445
Kahn, Gus, 271, 275
Kahn, Otto H., 151–52, 255, 263, 525n.5
Kálmán, Emmerich, 247, 248
“Katinkitschka,” 322
Katzman, Louis, 384
Kaufman, George S., 214–15
at Chumleigh Farm, 220
and June Moon, 278
and Of Thee I Sing, 325, 331, 341–43, 368
Pulitzer Prize, 343
and Strike Up the Band, 215, 219, 221, 222, 281, 331
“They All Laughed,” 464
Kearns, Allen, 227, 309, 310, 532n.4
Keeler, Ruby, 214, 270–71, 273
Keith vaudeville circuit, 37
Kent, Billy, 190, 225
Kerlin, Louise (Louise Dresser), 36–37
Kern, Jerome, 186, 453
Adele Astaire’s criticism of, 195–96
The Bunch and Judy, 104
Max Dreyfus and, 35
and Gershwin as Broadway pianist, 33
as influence on Gershwin’s early songwriting, 18, 61–62
and jazz opera proposal, 151–52
“Left All Alone Again Blues,” 65
and Miss 1917, 29
perception of Gershwin as threat, 48–49
Rock-a-Bye Baby, 37
Show Boat, 234
P. G. Wodehouse and, 198
“Kickin’ the Clouds Away,” 158, 202
Kilenyi, Edward
as Gershwin’s instructor, 25–26, 31, 52, 61, 74–76, 98–99, 280
and Second Rhapsody, 327–28
King, Charles, 45, 77
King, Mollie, 45
King of Jazz, The (movie), 299, 300
“Kitchenette,” 517n.2
Klemperer, Otto, 454
Knecht, Joseph, 14
Knopf, Edwin, 189
Kolisch, Rudolf, 242
Kolodin, Irving, 429–30
Kosta, Tessa, 179, 180
Koussevitzky, Serge, 278, 319, 326, 327, 329, 330
Kramer, A. Walter, 185, 437
Krenek, Ernst, 249
Krupa, Gene, 312, 484
Kuhns, Dorothy Hartzell, 371
Ladies First, 38–41, 481
Lady, Be Good!, 141–49, 151, 184, 188–91
Lahr, Bert, 309
La-La-Lucille!, 48–52, 78, 80
“Land of the Gay Caballero,” 314
Lannin, Paul, 80, 97
Lardner, Ring, 278
Lawrence, Charles, 231
Lawrence, Florence, 469
Lawrence, Gertrude, 188, 254
Gershwins’ 1928 UK visit, 240–41
in Oh, Kay!, 199–201, 204, 205
in Treasure Girl, 214, 256, 257
Lawrence, Vincent, 256
lead sheet, defined, 515n.6
League of Composers, 307
“Leavin’ for the Promise’ Lan’,” 394–95
Lee, Sammy, 116–17, 143, 156, 176, 202
“Left All Alone Again Blues,” 65
Lehár, Franz, 246, 248
leitmotifs, in Porgy and Bess, 389–91, 396, 401, 410–15
LeMaier, Rufus, 96
Let ’Em Eat Cake, 358–63, 368, 381
“Let ’Em Eat Cake,” 361
“Let Me Be a Friend to You,” 236
“Let’s Be Lonesome Together,” 109
“Let’s Call the Whole Thing Off,” 465
Levant, Oscar, 480–84
and Brunswick recording of Rhapsody in Blue, 481–82
on Gershwin’s death, 490
on Gershwin’s defense of John Bubbles, 425
on Gershwin’s Ladies First accompaniment, 39–40
on Gershwin’s memory slips/blackouts, 480
on Gershwin’s piano warm-up regimen, 300, 330
on Gershwin’s reticence, 343–44
on Morris Gershwin’s sense of humor, 7–8
and “Love Is Here to Stay,” 495–96
Levien, Sonya, 319
Lewisohn Stadium (City College of New York), 230, 302, 329, 351–52, 448–49
Lhevinne, Joseph, 13
Liberty Theatre (New York), 144, 176–77
Liebling, Leonard, 523n.5
“Life of a Rose, The,” 108
Lightner, Winnie, 107
Lillie, Beatrice, 199
Lindbergh, Charles, 231–32, 234–35, 263
Liszt, Franz, 15
Littell, Robert, 285
“Little Jazz Bird,” 148–49
Little Miss Bluebeard, 116
Little Show, The, 347
“Little Villages,” 97
Liverpool, England, 188
“Liza (All the Clouds’ll Roll Away),” 270–71, 275–76, 350, 383–84, 484
Lockridge, Richard, 256–57, 286, 341
Loeffler, Charles Martin, 220–21, 346
Loening, Grover, 231
Logan, Ella, 495
“Lo-La-Lo,” 108
London, England
An American in Paris performance, 332
“George Gershwin Night” at Kit Kat Club, 240–41
Gershwin’s recording session in, 253
For Goodness Sake (Stop Flirting) production, 104–6
Lady, Be Good! production, 184, 188–91
Primrose production, 136–41
The Rainbow production, 99–100, 102–4
Stop Flirting production, 105–7
Tell Me More production, 156, 159–60
Tip-Toes production, 198
London Symphony Orchestra, 329
London Times, 332
“Lonesome Cowboy, The,” 309
Long Branch, New Jersey, 221
“Looking for a Boy,” 174
Look Who’s Here, See Ladies First
“Lorelei, The,” 355
Los Angeles, California, See Hollywood, California
Los Angeles Examiner, 469
Los Angeles Symphony, 493
Los Angeles Times, 469
“Love, I Never Knew,” 160
“Love Is Here to Stay,” 495–96, 560–61n.33
“Love Is Sweeping the Country,” 336, 337
Love Letter, The, 77, 78, 532n.5
Love Wager, The (Hambitzer), 15
“Love Walked In,” 50, 494–95
Lower East Side, New York City, 3–12
Lucas, Nick, 271
Ludwig, Charles, 211–12, 268
“Lullaby” (string quartet), 517n.3
Lyles, Aubrey, 87
Lyons, Arthur, 447
Lyric Suite (Berg), 249–50
MacDonald, Ballard, 135
MacDonough, Glen, 70
MacDowell, Edward, 22
MacDowell Colony, 370, 371
MacDowell Colony benefit (New York, 1927), 210
MacGregor, Edgar, 69, 72, 73, 116, 117
“Mademoiselle in New Rochelle,” 283
“Mah-Jongg,” 118
major mode, defined, 515n.11
“Making a Joke of Prohibition in New York City” (New York Times article), 55
“Making Music” (Gershwin article), 300–302
“Making of a Girl,” 25
Malkiel, Henrietta, 247
Malone, J. A. E., 156, 524n.3
Mamba’s Daughters (Heyward), 292–93
Mamoulian, Rouben, 417, 425–31, 434, 437, 440–41
Mandel, Frank, 116, 117
“Manhattan Rhapsody,” 323
Manhattan Symphony Orchestra, 279
“Man I Love, The” (New Republic Gershwin obituary), 492
“Man I Love, The” (song), 50, 140, 145, 147–48, 186, 217, 240, 281, 350, 525n.5
Manning, William T., 342
Mantle, Burns, 286
Marie (queen of Romania), 235
Martin, Linton, 145–46
Marx Brothers, 23
“Mary, Queen of Scots,” 138
Mascagni, Pietro, 26
Mason, Daniel Gregory, 26
Material Used in Musical Composition, The (Goetschius), 74
Mattison, Dorothy Boyd, 379
Maxwell, Elsa, 245
“Maybe,” 201, 207, 208
Maytime, 31
McCall’s magazine, 446–47
McCormack, John, 129
McCullough, Paul, 282, 284
McDonald, Gertrude, 225, 227
McGowan, Jack, 90, 182, 308
McGuire, William Anthony, 234, 270–72
McHugh, Frank, 537n.7
McIntire, O. O., 538n.9
McLennan, Oliver, 235
Mecca Auditorium (New York), 170, 279
melody, Gershwin on importance of, 60–61
Melody in F (Rubinstein), 11
Melton, James, 379
Meltzer, Charles Henry, 255
memorial concerts for Gershwin, 493
memory slips/blackouts, 470, 480
Merman, Ethel, 214, 311–14, 316–19
Metropolitan Opera, 278–79
Mexico City, 444
Meyer, George W., 70
Meyer, Joseph, 240
“Midnight Bells,” 180–81
Miller, Flournoy, 87
Miller, Glenn, 312
Miller, Jack, 13
Miller, Marilyn, 233, 235, 345, 368
Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 379
Milwaukee Philharmonic Orchestra, 278
“Mine,” 360
Minnelli, Vincente, 452
minor mode, defined, 515n.11
minstrelsy, 34, 275–76; See also blackface
Mississippi (A Tone Journey) (Grofé), 182
“Mississippi Dry,” 272, 277
Miss 1917, 29, 30–35, 37, 45, 233
“Mr. Gershwin Replies to Mr. Kramer” (Singing magazine article), 185–86
Mitchell, Abbie, 423
Mme. Pompadour, 246
Modern Music, 438
Molnár, Ferenc, 248
Montreal, Canada, 209–10
Moore, Victor, 200, 224, 225, 335
“Mophams, The,” 138
Moran, Lois, 336
Morning Telegraph, 205
Morris, Melville, 100
Mosbacher, Emil, 352, 374, 454, 472, 487–88, 547n.13
Moscow Art Theater, 427
Moscow Jewish Academy, 247
Motion Picture Herald, 323–24
movie industry in 1930–31, 305–6
Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, 210
Mueller, Paul, 379, 387
Munsell, Warren B., 374
Munson, Ona, 355, 356
“Murderous Monty (and Light-
Fingered Jane),” 160
Musical America, 259, 437, 539n.8
Music and Youth (periodical), 545n.3
Music by Gershwin radio programs, 383–85
Musicians’ Emergency Aid, 353–54
Musicians’ Symphony Orchestra, 353–54
music publishing business, 58–60; See also Tin Pan Alley; specific publishers, e.g.: Remick Music Corp.
Musto, John, 178
“My Cousin in Milwaukee,” 355
“My Fair Lady,” 157
My Fair Lady (Tell Me More), 156; See also Tell Me More
“My Gal Sal,” 36–37
“My Little Ducky,” 269
“My Man’s Gone Now,” 393–94, 439
“My One and Only,” 225, 227, 350
Nancy Ann, 371
“Nashville Nightingale,” 186
Nathan, George Jean, 528n.15
National Broadcasting Company (NBC), 383–85
National Symphony Orchestra, 446
National Urban League, 440
Negro opera, 155
Negro Rhapsody, A (Goldmark), 98
“ ’N’ Everything,” 49
New Haven, Connecticut, 90
Newman, Ernest, 150–51
New Poor, The, 74
New Republic, 188, 492
New Vienna Quartet, 242
New York American, 76, 200, 286, 357, 363
New York Clipper, 64, 84, 128–29
New York Daily Mirror, 316
New York Daily News, 286
New Yorker, The (magazine), 269, 286, 342, 356–57
New York Evening Mail, 151–52
New York Evening Post, 278
An American in Paris review, 264
An American in Paris scenario, 260–63
Funny Face review, 225
Hotel Roosevelt recital review, 188
Lewisohn Stadium concert review, 230
Of Thee I Sing review, 341–42
Pardon My English review, 357
on Rhapsody in Blue, 150–51
New York Evening World, 188
New York Herald, 130
New York Herald (Paris edition), 247
New York Herald Tribune
Concerto in F review, 169
Gershwin obituary, 491–92
Girl Crazy review, 316
Hotel Roosevelt recital review, 187–88
Oh, Kay! review, 204
Porgy and Bess review, 436
Rhapsody in Blue review, 333
New York Philharmonic, 162, 263, 332, 351–52
New York Post, 91, 259
New York Sun
An American in Paris review, 265
Concerto in F review, 169
Ira Gershwin article on songwriting, 101–2
Gershwin interview, 299–300
and Gershwin’s painting, 269
135th Street review, 182
Porgy and Bess review, 436
Second Rhapsody review, 329
Strike Up the Band review, 286
Treasure Girl review, 256–57
New York Sunday World, 300–302
New York Symphony Orchestra, 155, 162–63, 169–70, 207–8, 263
New York Symphony Society, 162
New York Telegram, 182, 230, 264, 286–87, 316
New York Telegram and Evening Mail, 144
New York Theatre Guild, 374
New York Times
An American in Paris review, 265
Concerto in F reviews, 169–70, 208, 256
George White’s Scandals review, 64, 66
Gershwin obituary, 490
Gershwin’s article about Porgy and Bess, 415–19, 435
George S. Kaufman as drama critic for, 214
Lewisohn Stadium concert review, 230
Of Thee I Sing review, 341
Oh, Kay! review, 204
135th Street review, 182–83
Porgy and Bess review, 433, 435
Prohibition article, 55
Scandals of 1921 review, 76
Scandals of 1922 review, 85
Second Rhapsody review, 329
Shall We Dance review, 471
Song of the Flame review, 181
Treasure Girl review, 257
New York Tribune, 129–30, 214
New York World
An American in Paris review, 265
Blue Monday review, 91
Concerto in F reviews, 170, 251, 255
Funny Face review, 225
Gershwin’s review of MacDowell Colony benefit concert, 210
Girl Crazy review, 316
Hotel Roosevelt recital review, 187
radio debate, 302
Rhapsody in Blue review, 131
Beryl Rubinstein interview about Gershwin, 94–95
Strike Up the Band review, 285
New York World–Telegram, 181, 341
“Nice Work If You Can Get It,” 478–79
Nichols, Beverly, 231, 232
Nichols, Red, and his Orchestra, 312, 316
Nifties of 1923, 116, 186
Night Boat, The, 65
Niles, Abbe, 188, 274, 530–31n.6
“Nobody but You,” 350
Nobody Home, 512n.8
North Roxbury Drive, Beverly Hills (Gershwin residence), 452
Norton, Elliot, 434
Nugent, Frank S., 471
Oaks, Gladys, 302, 303
Of Thee I Sing, 325–26, 328, 334–43, 368
“Of Thee I Sing,” 337, 340, 379
Oh, Boy, 31
“Oh, Heavn’ly Father,” 405
“Oh, I Can’t Sit Down,” 401
Oh, Kay!, 55–56, 188, 198–208, 240
“Oh, Kay,” 204
“Oh, Lady Be Good!,” 145, 186, 350, 484
Oh, Lady, Lady, 31
O’Hara, John, 490
“Oh Gee—Oh Joy!,” 236
“Oh Lawd, I’m on My Way,” 415, 424
Ohman, Phil, 142, 144, 147, 177, 205, 258
110th Street, New York City, 128
125th Street, New York City, 11
135th Street, 171, 172, 181–83, 188
“On My Mind the Whole Night Long,” 64–66
“(Oo, How) I Love to Be Loved by You,” 50, 62
Opportunity: A Journal of Negro Life, 440
Ornstein, Leo, 279
Osgood, Henry O., 125, 523n.5
“Our Love Is Here to Stay,” See “Love Is Here to Stay”
Our Nell, or The Villain Still Pursued Her, 95–97
Our New Music (Copland), 307
“Our New National Anthem” (Gershwin article), 165–67
Outlook magazine, 211
Owst, W. G., 170
painting, Gershwin and, 269, 448
Palace Theatre (New York), 84–85
Palais Royal (New York), 84, 120
Palais Royal Orchestra, 84
“Pale Venetian Moon,” 195
Paley, Emily Strunsky, 23
European travels, 152, 153
Gershwin’s correspondence with, 460, 470, 472–73
Rosamond Walling and, 289
wedding to Lou Paley, 70
Paley, Herman, 22–24
Paley, Lou, 22–24, 136, 517n.2
on European travels, 152–54
Gershwin’s collaborations with, 34, 39, 50, 62
letter to Gershwin, 71
wedding to Emily Strunsky, 70
Pallay, George, 332–34, 352, 363, 381, 384–85, 488
Paramount Theatre (New York), 299
Pardon My English, 354–58
Paris
Gershwin in, 104–6, 189, 250
Gershwins’ 1928 European visit, 241–46, 250–52
Lou Paley in, 153–54
Parker, Henry Taylor, 112, 115, 151, 285, 328–30, 341
Parsons, Schuyler, 231–32
part-writing, Gershwin, 206
Pasdeloup Orchestra, 243
Passing Show of 1916, The, 25
Patricola, Tom, 107
Paul Whiteman Orchestra, See Whiteman, Paul
Pearl, Jack, 355, 356
Pennington, Ann, 31, 32, 62–64, 66, 76, 77
“Pepita,” 118
Perfection Music Company, 507n.4
Perfect Lady, The, 116; See also Sweet Little Devil
Perkins, Edward B., 42–43
Perkins, Francis D., 187–88, 333, 525n.3
Persson, Frederick, 111, 115
Peyser, Herbert, 264
Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
Concerto in F performance, 170
Funny Face, 223–24
Girl Crazy tryout, 315
Lady, Be Good! opening, 144
Oh, Kay! tryout, 200, 204
Pardon My English opening, 356
Porgy and Bess in, 445
Strike Up the Band tryout, 221–22
Suite from Porgy and Bess, 445
Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 170
Philadelphia North American, 145
Philadelphia Record, 446
Philharmonic Auditorium, Los Angeles, 456–57
piano, Gershwin’s first, 6, 12
piano rolls, 20–22, 59, 65, 77, 154–55, 507n.4
Piccadilly to Broadway, 70, 97
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, 39–40, 72, 354
Pittsburgh Symphony Society, November 1932 concert, 354
“Plantation Days,” 103–4
player piano, 20–21; See also piano rolls
“Plenty Good Room,” 420
Pleshette, Mabel, 23–24, 189
Poetry Society of South Carolina, 370–71
pogroms, 3
Porgy (Heyward novella), 344, 369, 371–72, 417
Porgy (Heyward play), 255, 369, 372–74, 416, 427–28
Porgy and Bess, 372–75, 385–95
Act I synopsis, 387–95
Act II synopsis, 396–408
Act III synopsis, 409–15
auditions and casting, 420–26
beginning of Gershwin-Heyward collaboration, 372–75
Boston premiere, 431, 433–34
critical reception, 433–42
decline in receipts in late 1935, 445
family’s influence on, 9
first vocal rehearsals, 429
Gershwin’s creative collaboration with cast, 420–26
Gershwin’s New York Times article about, 415–19, 435
New York premiere, 434–37
plans for London production, 456
private read-through at Carnegie Hall, 431–32
selections in Lewisohn Stadium concert (July 1936), 449
selections in Los Angeles concerts (February 1937), 456, 469
Porgy and Bess Suite, See Suite from Porgy and Bess
Porter, Cole, 35, 245–46, 250
“Posterity Is Just Around the Corner,” 339
Praskins, Ben, 34
Previn, Charles, 378
Primrose, 136–41
Princess Theatre (New York), 198
Princess Theatre shows, 31
Pringle, Aileen, 345, 348
Prohibition, 30, 54–56, 108–9
Prokofiev, Sergei, 250–51
Pryor, Arthur, 53
Pryor, Roger, 217
Public School 25 (Lower East Side), 11
Pulitzer Prize, 343
Quartet in D Minor (Death and the Maiden) (Schubert), 242
Queen’s Hall (London), 332
Rabaud, Henri, 169
radio, 81–83, 267–68, 302–4, 383–85
“Raggedy Ann” (Kern), 130
“Ragging the Träumerei,” 16
ragtime, 21, 158
Rainbow, The, 99–100, 102–4, 109
Rainer, Luise, 345, 459
Ralton, Bert, 100
Rand, Carl, 487, 488
Rasch, Albertina, 246, 250, 271
Rats (revue), 198–99
Ravel, Maurice, 238–39
Ravinia Park (Chicago), 449–50
RCA Victor Symphony Orchestra, 267–68
Reade’s Broadway Theatre (Long Branch, New Jersey), 221
“Real American Folk Song, The,” 39, 40
“Red-Headed Woman, A,” 407
rehearsal pianist, Gershwin as, 33, 37
Reiner, Fritz, 211, 268, 293, 332
Reise Benjamins des Dritten, Die (The Journey of Benjamin the Third), 247
Reisman, Leo, 378
Reiss, Robert, 358
Remick Music Corp., 8, 22, 24–27, 30, 34, 78, 510nn.24–25, 520n.9
Gershwin as song plugger for, 16–20, 30, 510nn.24, 27
“You-oo Just You,” 34
Revue des Ambassadeurs, La, 246, 250
Rhapsody in Blue, 92, 115–16, 135, 188, 265–66, 417
Aeolian Hall premiere, 119–21
Adele Astaire’s account of London performance, 194, 196
Boston performance, 151
Boston Pops performance, 448
Carnegie Hall concert, 150–51
Cincinnati Symphony concert, 211–12
compositional elements, 122–31
Vladimir Dukelsky’s piano solo arrangement, 136
Morris Gershwin’s comments on, 7
Gershwin’s comparison to Second Rhapsody, 326
and Gershwin’s 1934 concert tour, 378
Gershwin’s performance at party for Charles Lindbergh, 231–32
Oscar Levant and, 481–82
Lewisohn Stadium concerts, 230, 302, 449
London concert of Paul Whiteman, 189
Los Angeles concerts (February 1937), 456, 469
and “The Man I Love,” 148
1930 performances, 299–300
and “Our New National Anthem,” 165
piano roll arrangement, 154–55
sale of performance rights to Universal Pictures, 278
in Gilbert Seldes’s Saturday Evening Post history of jazz article, 210–11
Théâtre Mogador concert, 243–44
two-piano arrangement, 186
“Rhapsody on Catfish Row” (Gershwin), 415–19
Rhené-Baton (René-Emmanuel Baton), 244
“Rialto Ripples” (George Gershwin and Will Donaldson), 517n.3
Rice, Andy, 63
Rickard, Earl, 103
Ring, Blanche, 282
Ripples, 482
Rivera, Diego, 445
Riverside Drive and 75th Street, New York (Gershwin residence), 269, 291, 292, 318, 483
Riverside Theatre (New York), 36
RKO, 447, 458, 469
Roberti, Lyda, 355, 356
Roberts, Charles Luckeyeth (“Luckey”), 29, 30
Robin, Leo, 240
Robinson, Edward G., 472
Robinson, Gladys, 472
Robinson, J. Russel, 272, 277
Robinson, Roberta, 345, 355
Robinson Crusoe, Jr., 49
Rock-a-Bye Baby, 37
Rodgers, Richard, 35–36, 175, 208, 233, 346, 437–38
Rogers, Ginger
Gershwin’s romantic involvement with, 345
in Girl Crazy, 214, 308–10, 316
in Shall We Dance, 458, 462, 471
in Stepping Toes, 451
Romberg, Sigmund, 24–25, 31, 35, 97, 233–35
Rosalie, 232–37
Rosanska, Josefa, 242, 246, 247, 249, 344
Rose, Charles, 16
Rose-Marie, 178
Rosenzweig (Rosen), Max, 11
Roth, Murray, 24, 507n.4
Roulien, Raul, 320
Roxy Broadcast (radio program), 482
Roxy Theatre (New York), 299–300, 325
royalties, 25, 59
Royce, Edward, 532n.5
Rubinstein, Beryl, 94–95
Ruby, Harry, 19, 215, 220
Ruhl, Arthur, 316
Rumba (Cuban Overture), 352–53
Run, Little Children, 440
“Runaway Girl, The,” 24–25
Russell, Charles Ellsworth “Pee Wee,” 312
Russian Art Choir, 178–81
Russin, Babe, 312
Ryan, Coletta, 90
Ryskind, Morrie, 281, 284, 331, 341, 343, 368
Saddler, Frank, 520n.5
“St. Louis Blues,” 148
Salabert publishers, 242
Salle Bechstein (Berlin), 246
“Sam and Delilah,” 311–12
Sanborn, Pitts, 523n.5
Sanderson, Julia, 368
Sandow, Hyman, 259
Sandrich, Mark, 451
San Francisco, California, 468
San Francisco Call-Bulletin, 468
Santa Paula (cruise ship), 443–45
Santley, Joseph, 354
Sargeant, Winthrop, 162–63
Saunders, Richard D., 469
Savoy, Bert, 32
Savoy Orchestra, 100
Sawyer, Charles Pike, 91, 230
“Say So!,” 235–36
Scandals, See George White’s Scandals
“Scandal Walk,” 64
Schillinger, Joseph, 359
Schirmer, Bob, 189–90
Schirmer, Mabel, 238, 239, 244, 452–54, 470–73, 485
Schoenberg, Arnold, 242, 294, 481, 484, 489–90
Schubert, Franz, 242, 359
Schumann, Robert, 16
Schwab, Lawrence, 35, 116
Seaman’s Fund, 105
Second Hurricane, The (Copland), 306–7
Second Rhapsody for Orchestra with Piano, 296, 324–30, 483, 518n.13
Seeley, Blossom, 182
Segal, Vivienne, 32, 33, 50, 72, 73
Segall, Gabriel, 486–89
Seldes, Gilbert, 54, 120, 210–11, 273, 381
Selwyn, Archie, 37, 447, 448
Selwyn, Edgar, 37, 214, 215, 222, 280–82, 331
Selwyn Theatre, 482
Seven Lively Arts, The (Seldes), 54
“Shall We Dance?,” 466, 467
Shall We Dance (movie), 457, 460, 462–67, 470–71
Shanks, Edward, 137–38
Sharon, Ula, 181
Shaw, Oscar, 200
Sheehan, Winfield, 319
Shilkret, Nathaniel, 267–68
Shirley, Wayne, 552n.8, 553n.6, 555n.16
Show Boat, 234, 269–70
Show Girl, 214, 268, 270–78
Show Is On, The, 452
“Show Me the Town,” 204, 236
Shubert, J. J., 24
Shubert, Lee, 24
Shubert theater organization, 24, 25
Shubert Theatre (Boston), 285
Shubert Theatre (New Haven), 90
Shubert Theatre (Philadelphia), 221–24, 315
Shuffle Along, 87, 103
“Signal, The,” 180
Silverman, Sime, 76–77, 316–17
Simmel, Ernst, 486, 487
Simmons, Ernest R., 24, 511n.45
Simon, Simone, 345, 459
Sinbad, 53
“Since I Found You,” 509n.20
Singing magazine, 184–85
“Sing of Spring,” 477–78
“Siren Song” (Kern), 112
Sirmay, Albert, 248, 454
Sissle, Noble, 87
“Slap That Bass,” 462–63
Sloane, A. Baldwin, 39, 40
Sloper, Leslie A., 341, 434
Smallens, Alexander, 417, 425, 429, 431, 445, 469, 470
Smalls, Samuel, 371
Smarty (a/k/a Funny Face), 223–24
Smith, Alison, 316
Smith, Gordon, 282
Smith, Harry B., 39
Smith, Joseph, 312
Smith, Moses, 328, 330
Smith, Nina Pugh, 212
Smith, Paul Gerard, 224
Smith, Queenie, 173, 175, 176, 532n.4
Smith, Robert Aura, 268
Smith, Warren Storey, 328, 434
Smith, Willie “the Lion,” 29
Smithson, Frank, 39
242 Snediker Avenue, Brooklyn, 10
“So Are You,” 275
Society of Independent Artists (New York), 448
“Somebody from Somewhere,” 321
“Somebody Loves Me,” 135–36, 350
“Some Enchanted Evening” (Rodgers), 208
“Some Faraway Someone,” 138, 140
“Some Girls Can Bake a Pie,” 336
“Someone,” 81
“Someone Believes in You,” 119
“Someone to Watch Over Me,” 203, 204, 207, 208
“Something About Love,” 39
“Some Wonderful Sort of Someone,” 39
Song of the Flame, 172, 178–81
“Song of the Flame,” 179–80
song plugging, 6, 17–20, 30
“Soon,” 281
Soudeikine, Serge, 429
Sousa, John Philip, 59
Southampton, England, 240
South Carolina, 387
South Pacific, 208
“South Sea Islands,” 77
Spice of 1922, 83
Stage magazine, 438–40
“Stairway to Paradise,” See “I’ll Build a Stairway to Paradise”
Stamford, Connecticut, 95
Standard Music Roll Company, 20, 154–55
Steinert, Alexander, 429
Steinway Hall (New York), 210
Stepping Toes (movie), 451–52
Steps in Time (Astaire’s autobiography), 196
stetl, 3
Stevens, George, 469
Stewart, Lawrence, 532n.18
“Stiff Upper Lip,” 477
stock market crash (October 29, 1929), 278
Stokes, Richard L., 188
Stone, Dorothy, 538n.13
Stop Flirting, 105–7, 143, 192–93
Stothart, Herbert, 178, 180
Straton, John Roach, 184–85
Straus, Oscar, 305–6
Strauss, Richard, 212, 452
Stravinsky, Igor, 170, 294, 472–73, 481, 491, 543n.3
Strike Up the Band, 215–22, 254, 278, 281–87, 299, 331, 482
plot, 215–19
revised version, 281–87
tryouts, 221–22
“Strike Up the Band,” 218–19, 284, 285, 350, 531n.13
String Quartet in C Major (Schubert), 359
String Quartet No. 2 (Schoenberg), 242
string quartets, 457
Strunsky, Anna, 289
Strunsky, Emily, See Paley, Emily Strunsky
Strunsky, Leonore, See Gershwin, Leonore Strunsky “Lee”
stylization, 427
Sublett, John W. “Bubbles,” 425
Suite Anglais (Rabaud), 169
Suite from Porgy and Bess, 445–46, 448, 449, 468
Suite of Serenades, 124
“Summertime,” 386, 388–89, 421, 423
Sunday Night Concerts, 33
Supreme Court, U.S., 59
“Swanee,” 20, 46–47, 52–54, 112, 349, 350, 381
Swarthmore College, 288, 289, 296
“Sweet and Low,” 175
“Sweet and Low-Down,” 168, 175, 177, 202, 350
“Sweetheart (I’m So Glad That I Met You),” 102
Sweetheart Shop, The, 69
Sweet Little Devil, 116–19, 122
Swift, Kay
Gershwin’s romantic involvement with, 197, 345–48, 443–44, 450, 455, 459–62, 472
as songwriter, 347
on Three Preludes, 186–87
Swing Time, 453
“ ’S Wonderful,” 225, 229, 350
Symphony Hall (Boston), 151
Symphony No. 5 (Glazunov), 169
synesthesia, 515n.13
Syracuse, New York, 43–44
T. B. Harms music publishers, See Harms (music publishers)
“Tango,” 517n.3
Tansman, Alexander, 242
Tatum, Art, 484
Taylor, Deems, 113–14, 182, 260–63, 333
Taylor, Dwight, 231–32
Teagarden, Charlie, 312
Teagarden, Jack, 492
“Tee-Oodle-Um-Bum-Bo,” 49–50
Tell Me More, 154–60
“Tell Me More,” 157–58
Temple B’nai B’rith (Los Angeles), 489
Temple Emmanu-El (Manhattan), 489
“Ten Commandments of Love, The,” 50
Tennyson, Alfred, Lord, 175
Thalken, Joseph, 178
“That Certain Feeling,” 174–75, 350
Thatcher, Heather, 156
“That New-Fangled Mother of Mine,” 138
“That Revolutionary Rag,” 44–45
That’s a Good Girl, 240
Theatre Guild, 372, 421, 427, 428, 432, 445
Theatre Magazine, 165–67, 213–14
Théâtre Mogador (Paris), 243
“There Is Nothing Too Good for You,” 108
“There’s a Boat Dat’s Leavin’ Soon for New York,” 411–12
“There’s More to the Kiss Than the Sound,” 50
“There’s More to the Kiss Than the X-X-X,” 33
“These Charming People,” 174, 176, 177
“They All Laughed,” 463–64
“They Can’t Take That Away from Me,” 465–66, 471
“They Didn’t Believe Me” (Kern), 18
“Things Are Looking Up,” 477
“This Is the Life for a Man,” 138
This Year of Grace, 240
Thomas, A. E., 96
Thompson, Fred, 156, 172, 223, 256
Thompson, Oscar, 264
Thomson, Virgil, 438
Three Preludes for Piano, 186–88, 346
“Three Times a Day,” 157
“Throw Her in High,” 108
“ticklers,” 29
Tiflis, Republic of Georgia, 426, 427
Till Eulenspiegel’s Merry Pranks (Strauss), 212
Time magazine, 437
Tin Pan Alley
anti-intellectual tone of, 25
Gershwin as song plugger, 6, 16–20, 30, 510nn.24, 27
and Gershwin’s songwriting, 25
as subject of June Moon, 278
Tiomkin, Dmitri, 246, 250, 251
Tip-Toes, 164, 168, 172–78, 198, 209
Tirana, Rafit, 288, 297
Toch, Ernest, 454, 481
“Tonight,” 356
Towne, Charlie Hanson, 231
Town Hall Club (New York), 184–85
Toye, Francis, 209
“Tra-La-La (This Time It’s Really Love),” 81
Treasure Girl, 214, 256–58
“Treat Me Rough,” 314–15
“Troubadour” (Behrman article), 269
Tucker, Sophie, 188
Turkish bath, 5, 10–11
“Under a One-Man Top,” 118
underscoring, 544n.11
Universal Pictures, 278, 447
Urban, Joseph, 32, 256
Urchs, Otto, 210
Valverde, Quinito, 33, 93
Vanity Fair, 171
Van Norman, Julia Thomas, 344–45
Van Vechten, Carl, 52, 111, 162, 163
Variations on a Theme by Haydn (Brahms), 210
Variations on “I Got Rhythm,” 375, 380
Variety
Girl Crazy review, 316–17
Ilbee article on theatrical events, 54–55
on Paul Whiteman Orchestra, 54–55
“radiophony” article, 81–82
The Rainbow review, 103–4
Rhapsody in Blue review, 128–29
Scandals of 1921 review, 76–77
Scandals of 1922 review, 85
Shall We Dance review, 471
Strike Up the Band review, 221
Sweet Little Devil review, 522–23n.9
on Whiteman’s “Revolutionary Concerts” plans, 171
vaudeville, 27–28, 36–37
Vaudeville Theatre (London), 198–99
Very Good Eddie, 186
Victor Talking Machine Company, 84, 482
Vienna, Austria, 247–49
“Virginia,” 118–19
Virginians, The, 83, 84
Vodery, Will, 29, 30, 87, 182
Vogues and Vanities, 70
voice-leading, 77
Von Tilzer, Harry, 24, 507n.4
Von Zerly (piano teacher), 12
Vreeland, Frank, 144, 181
Vuillermoz, Emile, 251
WABC radio (New York), 299
“Wait a Bit, Susie,” 138, 140
“Waiting for the Sun to Come Out,” 69
Waldorf-Astoria Hotel orchestra, 14, 509n.11
Walling, Rosamond, 277, 288–99, 332, 344, 348
Walling, William English, 289
Warburg, Edward, 443, 444
Warburg, James Paul, 345–47
Warren, Ruth, 117, 118
Washington, D.C., 50, 63, 72, 446
Washington Post, 446
Washington Times, 446
Wasserman, Herman, 242
Wayburn, Ned, 32, 33, 53, 102, 518n.5
Wayne, William, 117–18
WEAF radio (New York City), 207
Webb, Clifton, 256
Weekly Dispatch, 99–100
Weill, Kurt, 246
Weitz, George, See White, George
Wells, William K., 156
“We’re Pals,” 62
West 103rd Street, New York (Gershwin residence), 268–69
West 111th Street, New York (Gershwin residence), 30
West 144th Street, New York (Gershwin residence), 30
Westchester Hills Cemetery (Hastings-on Hudson, New York), 489
“What Shall We Do with Jazz?” (Town Hall Club debate), 184–86
“(What’s the Use of) Hanging Around with You?,” 282
“What You Want Wid Bess?,” 441
“When Armies Disband,” 20
“When Toby Is Out of Town,” 138
“When You Want ’Em, You Can’t Get ’Em (When You Got ’Em, You Don’t Want ’Em),” 24, 507n.4
“Where Is She?,” 109
“Where’s the Boy? Here’s the Girl,” 258
“Whispering,” 84
White, E. B., 342
White, George, 31, 32, 62–63, 70, 87–88, 91, 309
Whiteman, Paul, 84–86
Adele Astaire’s criticism of, 194
and Concerto in F, 164–65, 255–56
“An Experiment in Modern Music,” 119–21, 123, 128–31, 265; See also Rhapsody in Blue
and Eva Gauthier’s Aeolian Hall recital, 115
in movie featuring Rhapsody in Blue, 278, 299
Phil Ohman and, 142
135th Street, 172, 182–83
“Revolutionary Concerts,” 171
Rhapsody in Blue Albert Hall concert, 189
Rhapsody in Blue Carnegie Hall concert, 150–51
Rhapsody in Blue premiere, 162
and Second Rhapsody, 329
“Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
Whiteman Orchestra, 84–86
Whiting, Richard, 63
“Who Cares? (So Long as You Care for Me),” 338, 339, 349, 350
“Who Is the Lucky Girl to Be?,” 336
“Who’s the Greatest?,” 362
“Why Do I Love You?,” 158–59
Wiener, Jean, 243, 244
Wilder, Alec, 531n.13
Williams, Bert, 30, 31, 55
Williams, Blanche Colton, 302, 303
William Tell Overture (Rossini), 13, 14
Wilmington, Delaware, 224–25
Wilson, Teddy, 484
Wilson, Woodrow, 37
Winchell, Walter, 473
Winter Garden Theater (New York), 24–25
Winter Garden Theatre (London), 140
“Wintergreen for President,” 335
Wodehouse, P. G.
A Damsel in Distress, 477
“Do-Do-Do,” 202
Miss 1917, 29, 31–33
Oh, Kay!, 198–99, 201
Rosalie, 234–37
Wolpin, Kate, 343
“Woman Is a Sometime Thing, A,” 386
“Woman’s Touch, The,” 205
Woollcott, Alexander, 85, 158, 176–77, 225–26
Worcester, Massachusetts, 379
Wozzeck (Berg), 250
Wreede, Fritz, 246
Wynn, Ed, 507n.4
“Yankee Doodle Blues,” 83
Yellow Mask, The, 245
Yerkes Happy Six, 64
You’d Be Surprised, 100
Youmans, Vincent, 35, 69–71, 240, 272, 277
“You-oo Just You,” 33–34
“You’re Here and I’m Here” (Kern), 18
Ziegfeld, Florenz
beginning of Gershwins’ work with, 214
Miss 1917, 32
parting of ways with Gershwin, 278–79
Rosalie, 232–34, 237
Show Girl, 268–73, 277–78
George White and, 63
Ziegfeld Follies (generally), 31, 63, 232–33
Ziegfeld Follies of 1911, 62
Ziegfeld Follies of 1918, 37
Ziegfeld Follies of 1919, 55
Ziegfeld Follies of 1923, 120
Ziegfeld Follies of 1936, 445
Ziegfeld Theatre (New York), 232, 234, 270
Zilboorg, Gregory, 443–44, 454, 455, 458–62, 486
Ziskind, Eugene, 486–87
Zorina, Vera, 493–94