Endnotes

1. SETTING THE STAGE

1. See “Full Transcript: Donald Trump’s Jobs Plan Speech,” Politico, June 28, 2016, https://www.politico.com/story/2016/06/full-transcript-trump-job-plan-speech-224891
2. See Tara Golshan, “Read: Bernie Sanders Defines His Vision for Democratic Socialism in the United States,” Vox, June 12, 2019, https://www.vox.com/2019/6/12/18663217/bernie-sanders-democratic-socialism-speech-transcript
3. Ted Cruz, Betsy DeVos, and Bradley Byrne, “America’s Students Deserve Freedom to Choose Their Education Options: DeVos, Cruz, Byrne,” USA Today, February 28, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2019/02/28/trump-school-choice-students-education-options-scholarships-tax-credits-column/3002868002
4. Elizabeth Warren, “Ending the Stranglehold of Health Care Costs on American Families,” Medium, November 1, 2019, https://medium.com/@teamwarren/ending-the-stranglehold-of-health-care-costs-on-american-families-bf8286b13086
5. “Socialism,” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, merriam-webster.com, accessed November 6, 2019, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/socialism
6. “Communism,” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, merriam-webster.com, accessed November 6, 2019, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/communism
7. “Capitalism,” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, merriam-webster.com, accessed November 6, 2019, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalism

2. CAPITALISM: BABY OR BATHWATER?

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a Susan Warren, “Ocasio-Cortez Blasts Capitalism as an ‘Irredeemable’ System,” Bloomberg, March 9, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-03-10/ocasio-cortez-blasts-capitalism-as-an-irredeemable-system
b Cardi B: Jenna Lemoncelli, “Cardi B Posted an Explosive Rant Demanding to Know What the Government is Doing with Her Tax Money: ‘I Want Receipts,’ ” Business Insider, March 23, 2018, https://www.businessinsider.com/cardi-b-calls-out-government-tax-money-2018-3
c Robber Barons: Thomas DiLorenzo, How Capitalism Saved America (New York, NY: Random House, 2005).
d Based on data from U.S. Food and Nutrition Service, “SNAP Data Tables,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, accessed November 2019, https://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap
e Tara O’Neill Hayes, “Medicaid Enrollment and Expenditure Projections: 2015–2024,” American Action Forum, August 2, 2016, https://www.americanactionforum.org/weekly-checkup/medicaid-enrollment-expenditure-projections-2015-2024/
f Jordan Peterson, “2017 Personality 13: Existentialism via Solzhenitsyn and the Gulag,” YouTube, March 11, 2017, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w84uRYq0Uc8
g Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Special Economic Zone,” accessed November 1, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/special-economic-zone
h Peter G. Peterson Foundation, “Student Debt Continues to Rise,” July 18, 2018, https://www.pgpf.org/blog/2018/07/the-facts-about-student-debt
i Matt Palumbo, “The High Cost of ‘Free’ College,” bongino.com, November 25, 2018, https://bongino.com/the-high-cost-of-free-college
j Mark J. Perry, “Chart of the Day…. or Century?,” aei.org, American Enterprise Institute, January 11, 2019, https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/chart-of-the-day-or-century. Data from U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.

1. Tristan Justice, “7 Staggering Quotes Made by Progressive Democrats’ New Star,” The Daily Signal, November 6, 2018, https://www.dailysignal.com/2018/11/06/7-staggering-quotes-made-from-progressive-democrats-new-star
2. Michael Burke, “Ocasio-Cortez: ‘Capitalism is Irredeemable,’ ” The Hill, March 10, 2019, https://thehill.com/homenews/house/433394-ocasio-cortez-capitalism-is-irredeemable
3. Bernie Sanders, “Breaking Up the Oligarchy,” speech at the CAP Ideas Conference in Washington, D.C., May 15, 2018, https://medium.com/@SenSanders/breaking-up-the-oligarchy-603bc0d47264
4. Justin Sink, “Congress Less Popular than Colonoscopies, Root Canals, Poll Finds,” The Hill, January 8, 2013, https://thehill.com/blogs/blog-briefing-room/news/276121-poll-congress-less-popular-than-colonoscopies-root-canals-nickleback
5. See San Merica, “Trump Gets 2 Scoops of Ice Cream, Everyone Else Gets 1—and Other Top Lines from His Time Interview,” CNN.com, updated May 11, 2017, https://www.cnn.com/2017/05/11/politics/trump-time-magazine-ice-cream/index.html
6. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “Who Owns Reserve Banks?,” Making Sense of the Federal Reserve, accessed August 22, 2019, https://www.stlouisfed.org/in-plain-english/who-owns-the-federal-reserve-banks
7. Peter Schiff, from speech titled “Why the Meltdown Should Have Surprised No One,” delivered at the Ludwig von Mises Institute’s Austrian Scholars Conference, March 13, 2009, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EgMclXX5msc
8. Freddie Mac, “What We Do,” freddiemac.com, accessed August 22, 2019, http://www.freddiemac.com/about/faqs.html
9. Peter Wallison, “Hey, Barney Frank: The Government Did Cause the Housing Crisis,” The Atlantic, December 13, 2011, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2011/12/hey-barney-frank-the-government-did-cause-the-housing-crisis/249903
10. Charles W. Calomiris and Peter J. Wallison, “The Last Trillion-Dollar Commitment,” aei.org, American Enterprise Institute, September 30, 2008, https://www.aei.org/publication/the-last-trillion-dollar-commitment
11. Peter Wallison, “The True Story of the Financial Crisis,” The American Spectator, May 13, 2011, https://www.aei.org/publication/the-true-story-of-the-financial-crisis
12. Laura Woods, “10 Billionaires Like Oprah Winfrey Who Grew Up Poor,” CNBC, September 11, 2017, https://www.cnbc.com/2017/09/11/10-billionaires-who-grew-up-dirt-poor.html
13. Branko Milanovic, Global Inequality: A New Approach for the Age of Globalization, Belknap Press: Cambridge, Massachusetts, April 11, 2016.
14. Gautam Nair, “Most Americans Vastly Underestimate How Rich They Are Compared with the Rest of the World. Does It Matter?,” The Washington Post, August 23, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/monkey-cage/wp/2018/08/23/most-americans-vastly-underestimate-how-rich-they-are-compared-with-the-rest-of-the-world-does-it-matter
15. Robert Rector, “The War on Poverty Has Been a Colossal Flop,” The Daily Signal, September 16, 2014, https://www.dailysignal.com/2014/09/16/war-poverty-colossal-flop
16. World Health Organization, “Household Air Pollution and Health,” who.int, May 8, 2018, https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/household-air-pollution-and-health
17. Chelsea Follett, “Middle Class Shrinking…. As Households Become Richer,” Cato at Liberty, Cato Institute, September 18, 2019, https://www.cato.org/blog/middle-class-shrinking-households-become-richer
18. U.S. Food and Nutrition Service, “Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Costs,” U.S. Department of Agriculture, accessed August 22, 2019, https://www.fns.usda.gov/pd/supplemental-nutrition-assistance-program-snap
19. Samantha Artiga and Robin Rudowitz, “Medicaid Enrollment Under the Affordable Care Act: Understanding the Numbers,” Kaiser Family Foundation, January 29, 2014, https://www.kff.org/health-reform/issue-brief/medicaid-enrollment-under-the-affordable-care-act-understanding-the-numbers
20. U.S. Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, “May 2019 Medicaid & CHIP Enrollment Data Highlights,” medicaid.gov, accessed August 23, 2019, https://www.medicaid.gov/medicaid/program-information/medicaid-and-chip-enrollment-data/report-highlights/index.html
21. Federal Reserve Bank of Atlanta, “Wage Growth Tracker,” frbatlanta.org, accessed August 23, 2019, https://www.frbatlanta.org/chcs/wage-growth-tracker.aspx
22. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Job Openings and Labor Turnover Summary,” bls.gov, August 6, 2019, https://www.bls.gov/news.release/jolts.nr0.htm
23. HealthPocket, “Average Market Premiums Decrease in 2019 For the First Time,” healthpocket.com, November 28, 2018, https://www.healthpocket.com/healthcare-research/infostat/2019-average-market-premiums-decrease#.XWAR6HdFxPY
24. Edward Glaeser, “The War on Work—and How to End It,” City Journal, 2017, accessed August 23, 2019, https://www.city-journal.org/html/war-work-and-how-end-it-15250.html
25. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “Civilian Labor Force Participation Rate: Men,” FRED, fred.stlouisfed.org, accessed August 23, 2019, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/LNS11300001
26. Jonathan Ingram and Nicholas Horton, Work Requirements are Working in Arkansas: How Commonsense Welfare Reform is Improving Arkansans’ Lives, Foundation for Government Accountability, January 9, 2019, https://thefga.org/research/work-requirements-arkansas
27. Lyndon Johnson, State of the Union Address before the 88th U.S. Congress, January 8, 1964, made available online by the National Archives and Miller Center at the University of Virginia, https://millercenter.org/the-presidency/presidential-speeches/january-8-1964-state-union
28. Robert Rector, supra note 15.
29. Samuel Stebbins, “The Cities Hit Hardest by Extreme Poverty,” 24/7 Wall St., April 25, 2019, https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/realestate/the-cities-hit-hardest-by-extreme-poverty/ar-BBWg7PK
30. John York, “Firing a Bad Federal Employee May Get a Little Easier,” The Heritage Foundation, July 19, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/government-regulation/commentary/firing-bad-federal-employee-may-get-little-easier
31. Ali Meyer, “Workers in Private Sector Are 3 Times More Likely to Get Fired Than Gov’t Workers,” Washington Free Beacon, August 11, 2016, https://freebeacon.com/issues/workers-private-sector-3-times-likely-get-fired-govt-workers
32. Ready, Willing & Able, “About: History,” The Doe Fund, doe.org, accessed August 27, 2019, https://www.doe.org/about/history
33. Howard Husock, “Lesson For April 15: Why Government Can’t Replace Charity,” Forbes, April 10, 2014, https://www.forbes.com/sites/howardhusock/2014/04/10/lesson-for-april-15-why-government-cant-replace-charity/#79ddd86979e2
34. Cincinnati Works, 2018 Annual Report, accessed August 28, 2019, http://cincinnatiworks.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/2018-Annual-Report.pdf
35. Howard Husock, supra note 33.
36. Michael Tanner, “Five Myths about Economic Inequality in America,” Policy Analysis, No. 797, Cato Institute, September 7, 2016, https://www.cato.org/publications/policy-analysis/five-myths-about-economic-inequality-america?gclid=Cj0KCQjwwIPrBRCJARIsAFlVT8_CC4EoaB2jFHmL-5RXX-LLDhG_ZOGpXtxQSYrxZZEaLsdLoNosoyMaAu3rEALw_wcB
37. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, “Life Expectancy at Birth, Total for the United States,” FRED database, accessed August 24, 2019, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/SPDYNLE00INUSA
38. Jayson Lusk, The Evolving Role of the USDA in the Food and Agricultural Economy, Mercatus Center, June 2016, https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/Lusk-USDA-v1.pdf
39. U.S. Census Bureau, “Computer and Internet Use in the United States: 2016,” American Community Survey Reports, census.gov, August 2018, https://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2018/acs/ACS-39.pdf
40. Michael Tanner, supra note 36.
41. Gene Fox, “The Government Takeover of Student Lending,” Forbes, May 11, 2010, https://www.forbes.com/2010/05/10/student-loans-hcera-leadership-education-fox.html#448e28906edd
42. Ibid.
43. Ibid.
44. “Feds take over student loan program from banks,” San Francisco Chronicle, March 10, 2010, https://www.sfgate.com/business/networth/article/Feds-take-over-student-loan-program-from-banks-3193888.php
45. See Justin Haskins, “Hey Bernie, I’ve Got $500,000 in Student Loan Debt—but You Can Keep Your Government Handout,” FoxNews.com, June 27, 2019, https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/justin-haskins-hey-bernie-ive-got-500000-in-student-loan-debt-but-you-can-keep-your-government-handout, citing National Center for Education Statistics, “Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1963-64 through 2017-18,” Table 330.10, Digest of Education Statistics, accessed August 26, 2019, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d18/tables/dt18_330.10.asp
46. Susan Dynarski, “America Can Fix Its Student Loan Crisis. Just Ask Australia,” The New York Times, July 9, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/07/10/upshot/america-can-fix-its-student-loan-crisis-just-ask-australia.html
47. OECD, “Population with Tertiary Education,” OECD Data, accessed August 26, 2019, https://data.oecd.org/eduatt/population-with-tertiary-education.htm
48. OECD, “Statistical Insights: What does household debt say about financial resilience?,” oecd.org, accessed August 26, 2019, https://www.oecd.org/sdd/fin-stats/statisticalinsightswhatdoeshouseholddebtsayaboutfinancialresilience.htm
49. See, for example, edX, “HarvardX,” edx.org, accessed December 3, 2019, https://www.edx.org/school/harvardx
50. Liberty University, “Liberty University Quick Facts,” liberty.edu, accessed December 3, 2019, https://www.liberty.edu/aboutliberty/index.cfm?PID=6925
51. Dominic Rushe, “The US Spends More on Education than Other Countries. Why is It Falling Behind?,” The Guardian (U.K.), September 7, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/sep/07/us-education-spending-finland-south-korea
52. Grace Lin, “States That Spend the Most and Least on Education,” Yahoo! Finance, March 7, 2019, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/states-spend-most-least-education-090000945.html
53. Adam McCann, “2019’s States with the Best & Worst School Systems,” WalletHub, July 29, 2019, https://wallethub.com/edu/states-with-the-best-schools/5335
54. Greg Forster, A Win-Win Solution: The Empirical Evidence on School Choice (Fourth Edition), EdChoice, May 2016, http://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/A-Win-Win-Solution-The-Empirical-Evidence-on-School-Choice.pdf
55. American Hospital Association and Manatt, Regulatory Overload: Assessing the Regulatory Burden on Health Systems, Hospitals and Post-acute Care Providers, October 2017, https://www.aha.org/sites/default/files/regulatory-overload-report.pdf
56. Aaron E. Carroll, “The Real Reason the U.S. Has Employer-Sponsored Health Insurance,” The New York Times, September 5, 2017, https://www.nytimes.com/2017/09/05/upshot/the-real-reason-the-us-has-employer-sponsored-health-insurance.html
57. Ibid.
58. Edmund Haislmaier and Doug Badger, “How Obamacare Raised Premiums,” Backgrounder, No. 3291, The Heritage Foundation, March 5, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/report/how-obamacare-raised-premiums
59. HealthPocket, supra note 23.
60. Mark J. Perry, “If Cosmetic Surgery Has a Working Market, Why Can’t Medical Care?,” Foundation for Economic Education, fee.org, March 22, 2017, https://fee.org/articles/if-cosmetic-surgery-has-a-working-market-why-can-t-medical-care
61. Ibid.
62. Joseph A. DiMasi, Henry G. Grabowski, and Ronald W. Hansen, “Innovation in the Pharmaceutical Industry: New Estimates of R&D Costs,” Journal of Health Economics, Vol. 47, May 2016, pp. 20–33, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0167629616000291
63. U.S. Food and Drug Administration, “Frequently Asked Questions on Patents and Exclusivity,” fda.gov, accessed September 27, 2019, https://www.fda.gov/drugs/development-approval-process-drugs/frequently-asked-questions-patents-and-exclusivity
64. Bartley Madden, Free To Choose Medicine: Better Drugs Sooner at Lower Cost, Third Edition, (Arlington Heights, IL: The Heartland Institute, 2018), http://freetochoosemedicine.com
65. Kimberly Leonard, “Ted Cruz Bill Would Speed FDA Approval of Drugs OK’d in Other Countries,” Washington Examiner, July 18, 2019, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/policy/healthcare/ted-cruz-bill-would-speed-fda-approval-of-drugs-okd-in-other-countries
66. World Bank, “China: GDP (current US$),” data.worldbank.org, accessed September 12, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN

3. IS SOCIALISM JUST “SHARING AND CARING”?

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a Mao Zedong, Quotations from Chairman Mao Tse-Tung: The Little Red Book. Initially published in 1964 by the People’s Liberation Army’s General Political Department.
b From “Joseph Stalin: TIME Person of the Year 1942,” Time Magazine, January 4, 1943.
c Reuters, “Venezuela’s New Plan to Beat Hunger: Breed Rabbits,” reuters.com, September 14, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-rabbits/venezuelas-new-plan-to-beat-hunger-breed-rabbits-idUSKCN1BP232; BBC News, “Venezuela’s ‘Plan Rabbit’ Encounters ‘Cultural Problem,’ ” bbcnews.com, September 14, 2017, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-41265474
d Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Hundred Flowers Campaign,” accessed December 12, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Hundred-Flowers-Campaign
e Charlie Parker, “Police Arresting Nine People a Day in Fight Against Web Trolls,” The Times (U.K.), October 12, 2017, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/police-arresting-nine-people-a-day-in-fight-against-web-trolls-b8nkpgp2d; Brendan O’Neill, “Britain Turns Offensive Speech Into a Police Matter,” Reason, September 15,2018, https://reason.com/2018/09/15/britain-turns-offensive-speech-into-a-po; Sadie Levy Gale, “Arrests for Offensive Facebook and Twitter Posts Soar in London,” Independent (U.K.), June 4, 2016, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/arrests-for-offensive-facebook-and-twitter-posts-soar-in-london-a7064246.html
f Direct quote from Ryan McMaken, “Japanese Americans, Internment, Democracy, and the U.S. Government,” Mises Institute, February 21, 2014, https://mises.org/blog/japanese-americans-internment-democracy-and-us-government
g Lion Summerbell and Joshua Smith, “The Second Amendment is a Threat to Us All,” Democratic Socialists of America, February 19, 2018, https://www.dsausa.org/democratic-left/the_second_amendment_is_a_threat_to_us_all
h Friedrich A. Hayek, “Planning, Science, and Freedom,” Nature, Issue No. 3759, November 15, 1941. Made available by the Mises Institute, https://mises.org/library/planning-science-and-freedom
i See Rose Wilder Lane, “Democracy,” in Mises Institute, “Liberty versus Democracy,” July 4, 2007, https://mises.org/library/liberty-versus-democracy

1. See Mark Perry, “20 Quotes that Explain Why Capitalism is Better than Socialism,” American Enterprise Institute, January 27, 2019, https://www.aei.org/carpe-diem/20-quotes-that-explain-why-capitalism-is-better-than-socialism, citing Ludwig von Mises, Bureaucracy (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1944), https://mises-media.s3.amazonaws.com/Bureaucracy_3.pdf
2. Frank Newport, “The Meaning of ‘Socialism’ to Americans Today,” Gallup.com, October 4, 2018, https://news.gallup.com/opinion/polling-matters/243362/meaning-socialism-americans-today.aspx
3. E.J.E. Hobsbawm, “Karl Heinrich Marx,” Oxford Dictionary for National Biography, updated May 28, 2015, https://www.oxforddnb.com/view/10.1093/ref:odnb/9780198614128.001.0001/odnb-9780198614128-e-39021
4. See Glenn Beck, Liars: How Progressives Exploit Our Fears for Power and Control (Threshold Editions: New York, NY, 2016).
5. See, for example, Joseph Schwartz and Jason Schulman, “Toward Freedom: Democratic Socialist Theory and Practice,” December 21, 2012, dsausa.org, https://www.dsausa.org/strategy/toward_freedom
6. Karl Marx, The Communist Manifesto, Amazon Digital Services, Kindle Edition, n.d., pp. 13–14, ASIN: B00MJJ7YZE.
7. Socialist Party of Great Britain, “What Is Socialism?,” worldsocialism.org, accessed May 25, 2018, https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/what-socialism
8. Ibid.
9. Socialist Party USA, “Socialism as Radical Democracy: Statement of Principles of the Socialist Party USA,” socialistpartyusa.net, accessed August 30, 2019, https://www.socialistpartyusa.net/principles-points-of-agreement
10. Karl Marx, supra note 6, p. 20.
11. Karl Marx, supra note 6.
12. Jeff Desjardins, “CHARTS: Venezuela’s Economic Tragedy,” Business Insider, September 6, 2017, https://www.businessinsider.com/charts-venezuelas-economic-tragedy-2017-9
13. Ibid.
14. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Marcos Pérez Jiménez,” britannica.com, last updated September 16, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Marcos-Perez-Jimenez
15. Jeff Desjardins, supra note 12.
16. Ibid.
17. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “The Hugo Chávez Presidency,” britannica.com, accessed September 27, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Venezuela/The-Hugo-Chavez-presidency
18. Caracas Newsroom, “Factbox: Venezuela’s nationalizations under Chavez,” Reuters, October 7, 2012, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-venezuela-election-nationalizations/factbox-venezuelas-nationalizations-under-chavez-idUSBRE89701X20121008
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. See Office of U.S. Sen. Bernie Sanders, “Must Reads,” sanders.senate.gov, accessed September 1, 2019, https://www.sanders.senate.gov/newsroom/must-read/close-the-gaps-disparities-that-threaten-america
22. David Sirota, “Hugo Chavez’s Economic Miracle,” Salon, March 6, 2013, https://www.salon.com/2013/03/06/hugo_chavezs_economic_miracle
23. Washington Times Editorial Board, “Admiring Hugo Chavez,” The Washington Times, March 7, 2013, https://www.washingtontimes.com/news/2013/mar/7/admiring-hugo-chavez
24. Ibid.
25. Steven John, “9 Mind-Blowing Facts About Venezuela’s Economy,” Market Insider, May 23, 2019, https://markets.businessinsider.com/news/stocks/venezuela-economy-facts-2019-5-1028225117#inflation-in-venezuela-may-hit-10-million-percent-this-year1
26. Ibid.
27. Valentina Sanchez, “Venezuela Hyperinflation Hits 10 million Percent. ‘Shock Therapy’ May Be Only Chance to Undo the Economic Damage,” CNBC.com, August 3, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/02/venezuela-inflation-at-10-million-percent-its-time-for-shock-therapy.html
28. Sara Malm, “Starving Thieves Steal Animals from Venezuelan Zoo to EAT as the Country Struggles with Chronic Food Shortages,” Daily Mail (U.K.), August 16, 2017, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-4797338/Police-believe-thieves-steal-Venezuela-zoo-animals-eat-them.html
29. Jonah ben Avraham, “Looking Closer at Free Speech,” Socialist Worker, March 15, 2017, https://socialistworker.org/2017/03/15/looking-closer-at-free-speech
30. Ibid.
31. Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, Ninth Convocation, adopted on October 7, 1977, made available by Bucknell University, https://www.departments.bucknell.edu/russian/const/77cons02.html
32. California Alien Land Act of 1913, State of California, 1913, text made available by Moor Park College, accessed September 3, 2019, http://sunny.moorparkcollege.edu/~ccopsey/Hist14_Webdocs/CA1913AlienLandAct.pdf
33. See Glenn Beck, supra note 4.
34. Franklin Roosevelt Presidential Library and Museum, “Three Key Questions,” accessed September 3, 2019, https://www.fdrlibrary.org/documents/356632/390886/Japanese+American+Internment+Three+Key+Questions.pdf/aa171cea-c4f0-4ab2-b674-5277d047331b
35. Robert Caro, Means of Ascent: The Years of Lyndon Johnson (Knopf: New York, NY, 1990).
36. W. Gardner Selby, “Lyndon Johnson Opposed Every Civil Rights Proposal Considered in His First 20 Years as Lawmaker,” PolitiFact, April 14, 2014, https://www.politifact.com/texas/statements/2014/apr/14/barack-obama/lyndon-johnson-opposed-every-civil-rights-proposal
37. Ben Casselman, Matthew Conlen, and Reuben Fischer-Baum, “Gun Deaths in America,” Five ThirtyEight, accessed September 3, 2019, https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/gun-deaths
38. Leah Libresco, “I Used to Think Gun Control Was the Answer. My Research Told Me Otherwise,” The Washington Post, October 3, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/i-used-to-think-gun-control-was-the-answer-my-research-told-me-otherwise/2017/10/03/d33edca6-a851-11e7-92d1-58c702d2d975_story.html
39. Michael Planty and Jennifer L. Truman, Firearm Violence, 1993-2011, NCJ 241730, Bureau of Justice Statistics, U.S. Department of Justice, May 2013, https://www.bjs.gov/content/pub/pdf/fv9311.pdf
40. Alan I. Leshner et al., eds., Priorities for Research to Reduce the Threat of Firearm-Related Violence (National Academies Press: Washington, D.C., 2013), https://www.nap.edu/read/18319/chapter/1
41. U.S. Census Bureau, “Homeownership Rate for the United States,” retrieved from Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, accessed September 4, 2019, https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/RHORUSQ156N
42. U.S. Small Business Administration, “2018 Small Business Profile,” sba.gov, accessed September 4, 2019, https://www.sba.gov/sites/default/files/advocacy/2018-Small-Business-Profiles-US.pdf
43. Meagan Day, “The Electorate Is Already on Board with Socialism,” Jacobin, August 30, 2019, https://www.jacobinmag.com/2019/08/page-kreisman-oregon-democratic-socialist
44. Adam Buick, “A Question of Definition: Socialism/Communism,” Socialist Standard, Issue 886, June 1978, https://www.worldsocialism.org/spgb/socialist-standard/1970s/1978/no-886-june-1978/question-definition-4-socialismcommunism
45. Ibid.
46. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels, Manifesto of the Communist Party (Charles H. Kerr & Company: Chicago, IL, 1888), available online at https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Manifesto_of_the_Communist_Party
47. “Capitalism,” Merriam-Webster’s Dictionary, merriam-webster.com, accessed November 6, 2019, https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/capitalism
48. Socialist Party USA, “Socialism as Radical Democracy: Statement of Principles of the Socialist Party USA,” socialistpartyusa.net, accessed September 6, 2019, https://www.socialistpartyusa.net/principles-points-of-agreement
49. Communist Party USA, “About CPUSA,” cpusa.org, accessed September 7, 2019, https://www.cpusa.org/about-us
50. Becky Little, “How the Nazis Were Inspired by Jim Crow,” History.com, updated May 20, 2019, https://www.history.com/news/how-the-nazis-were-inspired-by-jim-crow
51. Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints, “Extermination Order,” churchofjesuschrist.org, accessed September 7, 2019, https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/history/topics/extermination-order?lang=eng
52. Dick Komer, Michael Bindas, and Tim Keller, “Answers to Frequently Asked Questions About Blaine Amendments,” Institute for Justice, accessed September 7, 2019, https://ij.org/issues/school-choice/blaine-amendments/answers-frequently-asked-questions-blaine-amendments
53. Reason TV, “Capitalism vs. Socialism: A Soho Forum Debate,” YouTube.com, posted November 14, 2019, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJQSuUZdcV4&t=1553s

4. SOCIALIST “UTOPIAS” & THEIR BLOODY HISTORY OF FAILURE

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a See Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Commune of Paris,” accessed December 12, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Commune-of-Paris-1871
b Steve George and Tim Hume, “Khmer Rouge Leaders Found Guilty of Genocide in Landmark Ruling,” cnn.com, November 16, 2018, https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/16/asia/khmer-rouge-genocide-guilty-intl/index.html
c Tania Branigan, “China’s Great Famine: The True Story,” The Guardian (U.K.), January 1, 2013, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2013/jan/01/china-great-famine-book-tombstone
d Associated Press, “Cuba Starts Widespread Rationing of Food and Other Basics,” May 10, 2019, https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/cuba-food-shortage-rationing-1.5132297
e Andrew Egger, “One Woman’s Struggle for Freedom in Castro’s Cuba,” The Daily Signal, July 26, 2016, https://www.dailysignal.com/2016/07/26/one-womans-struggle-for-freedom-in-castros-cuba
f National Museum of American History, “German ‘Nazi’ Swastika Flag,” accessed November 1, 2019, https://americanhistory.si.edu/collections/search/object/nmah_1357427
g Human Rights Foundation, “Ji Seong-ho,” accessed December 12, 2019, https://hrf.org/event_speakers_posts/ji-seong-ho
h See Holodomor National Awareness Tour et al., “Holodomor: Stalin’s Secret Genocide,” YouTube, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Sr5WkhEiqcY&t
i Edith Lederer, “Villagers Lament Ceausescu’s Razing of Homes: Romania: The Dictator Wanted to Eliminate Small Settlements so People Could Be Better Controlled. His Overthrow Saved Some Homes,” Los Angeles Times and Associated Press, March 4, 1990, https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1990-03-04-mn-2534-story.html
j H. David, “Romania Ends Compulsory Childbearing,” Entre Nous, 14-15, June 1990, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12222213
k Siobhan Heanue, “Zimbabwe’s White Farmers Consider Returning Years After Brutal Land Seizures,” ABC.net, Australian Broadcasting Corporation, August 29, 2018, https://www.abc.net.au/news/2018-08-30/zimbabwes-white-farmers-consider-return-after-land-seizures/10176760
l Rondel Davidson, “La Reunion,” Texas State Historical Association, accessed November 10, 2019, https://tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/uel01

1. Winston Churchill, speech before the U.K. House of Commons, October 22, 1945. Quote made available by the Churchill Project, Hillsdale College, accessed September 14, 2019, https://winstonchurchill.hillsdale.edu/socialism-is-the-philosophy-of-failure-winston-churchill
2. William Bradford, Of Plymouth Plantation, ed. Harold Paget (Portcullis Books, 2016), Amazon Kindle version, p. 49.
3. See, for example, History.com, “Plymouth Colony,” updated August 20, 2019, https://www.history.com/topics/colonial-america/plymouth
4. William Bradford, supra note 2, p. 85.
5. William Bradford, Bradford’s History of Plymouth Plantation: 1620–1647 (American Council of Learned Societies, 2011), Amazon Kindle edition.
6. Ibid.
7. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Commune of Paris,” accessed December 3, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Commune-of-Paris-1871
8. Lara Pawson, “Angola’s brutal history, and the MPLA’s role in it, is a truth that we must tell,” The Guardian, May 5, 2014, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2014/may/05/angola-brutal-history-mpla-leftwing-discipline-betrayal
9. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Popular Movement for the Liberation of Angola,” accessed September 16, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Popular-Movement-for-the-Liberation-of-Angola
10. Holocaust Memorial Day Trust, “Khmer Rouge Ideology,” hmd.org, accessed September 17, 2019, https://www.hmd.org.uk/learn-about-the-holocaust-and-genocides/cambodia/khmer-rouge-ideology/
11. Ibid.
12. “Khmer Rouge: Cambodia’s years of brutality,” BBC News, November 16, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-10684399
13. Jean-Louis Panne et al., The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
14. See Lee Edwards, “The Legacy of Mao Zedong is Mass Murder,” The Heritage Foundation, February 2, 2010, https://www.heritage.org/asia/commentary/the-legacy-mao-zedong-mass-murder
15. Ibid.
16. Vaclav Smil, “China’s Great Famine: 40 Years Later,” BMJ, Issue 7225, pp. 1619–1621, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1127087
17. See Lee Edwards, supra note 14.
18. Erin Blakemore, “How the Castro Family Dominated Cuba for Nearly 60 Years,” March 15, 2019, History.com, https://www.history.com/news/cuba-after-castro-miguel-diaz-canel
19. Investor’s Business Daily, “The Fidel Castro Myth Debunked: The Death Of A Tyrant, Not A Hero,” Editorial Board, November 26, 2018, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/the-fidel-castro-myth-debunked-the-death-of-a-tyrant-not-a-hero, citing R.J. Rummel, Democide in Totalitarian States: Mortacracies and Megamurderers, in Israel Charny (Ed.), The Widening Circle of Genocide: Genocide: A critical Bibliographic Review, Volume 3 (Piscataway, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1994), http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHARNY.CHAP.HTM
20. Fabiola Santiago, “History of the Cuban Revolution Marked by Tens of Thousands Fleeing the Island for the U.S.,” Miami Herald, November 26, 2016, https://www.miamiherald.com/news/nation-world/world/americas/cuba/article117194848.html
21. Ibid.
22. “The Fidel Castro Myth Debunked: The Death of a Tyrant, Not a Hero,” Editorial Board, Investor’s Business Daily, November 26, 2018, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/the-fidel-castro-myth-debunked-the-death-of-a-tyrant-not-a-hero
23. See Matthew Day, “Nazis may have killed up to 20m, claims ‘shocking’ new Holocaust study,” The Telegraph, March 4, 2013, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/germany/9906771/Nazis-may-have-killed-up-to-20m-claims-shocking-new-Holocaust-study.html, citing data from the U.S. Holocaust Memorial Museum, https://www.ushmm.org
24. George Reisman, “Why Nazism Was Socialism and Why Socialism Is Totalitarian,” Mises Institute, November 11, 2005, https://mises.org/library/why-nazism-was-socialism-and-why-socialism-totalitarian
25. Ibid.
26. George Watson, “Hitler and the Socialist Dream,” Independent, November 22, 1998, https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/hitler-and-the-socialist-dream-1186455.html
27. R.J. Rummel, “Democide in Totalitarian States: Mortacracies and Megamurderers,” in Israel Charny (Ed.), The Widening Circle of Genocide: Genocide: A Critical Bibliographic Review, Vol. 3, Transaction Publishers, 1994. http://www.hawaii.edu/powerkills/CHARNY.CHAP.HTM
28. “North Korea: How many political prisoners are detained in prison?,” BBC News, May 10, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-44069749
29. Human Rights Watch, “North Korea: Events of 2018,” hrw.org, accessed September 17, 2019, https://www.hrw.org/world-report/2019/country-chapters/north-korea
30. Ben Quinn, “Unicorn Lair ‘Discovered’ in North Korea,” The Guardian (U.K.), November 30, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/nov/30/unicorn-lair-discovered-north-korea
31. Sarah Son and Markus Bell, “North Korea: How Public Execution Sites Are Being Mapped with Google Earth Satellite Images,” The Conversation, August 28, 2019, http://theconversation.com/north-korea-how-public-execution-sites-are-being-mapped-with-google-earth-satellite-images-122246
32. See review by Palash Ghosh, “How Many People Did Joseph Stalin Kill?,” International Business Times, May 3, 2013, https://www.ibtimes.com/how-many-people-did-joseph-stalin-kill-1111789
33. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “The Famine of 1932–33,” accessed September 17, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Ukraine/The-famine-of-1932-33
34. NPR Radio, “1930s Famine Still Mars Russia-Ukraine Relations,” Morning Edition, aired July 21, 2009, https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=106835755
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid.
37. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Communist Romania,” accessed September 17, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Romania/Communist-Romania
38. Daniel McLaughlin, “Ceausescu Regime Used Children as Police Spies,” The Guardian (U.K.), July 21, 2006, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/jul/22/mainsection.international1
39. R.J. Rummel, Statistics of democide: genocide and mass murder since 1900, Transaction Publishers, 1997.
40. See Carolina Moreno, “Hundreds Of Children In Venezuela Are Starving To Death, Says New York Times Report,” HuffPost, December 18, 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/hundreds-of-children-in-venezuela-are-starving-to-death-nytimes-reports_us_5a380d7fe4b0fc99878dd05d
41. Juan Forero and Maolis Castro, “Venezuela’s Brutal Crime Crackdown: Executions, Machetes and 8,292 Dead,” The Wall Street Journal, December 21, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/venezuelas-brutal-crime-crackdown-executions-machetes-and-8-292-dead-1513792219
42. Vasco Cotovio and Emanuella Grinberg, “At Least 40 Venezuelans Have Been Killed in Recent Protests,” CNN.com, January 29, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/01/29/americas/venezuela-protests-deaths/index.html
43. Merrit Kennedy, “U.N. Says More Than 4 Million People Have Left Venezuela,” NPR, June 7, 2019, https://www.npr.org/2019/06/07/730687807/u-n-says-more-than-4-million-people-have-left-venezuela
44. R.J. Rummel, supra note 27.
45. Rodion Ebbighausen, “Vietnam’s fight Against Hunger—A Success Story,” Deutsche Welle, dw.com, May 27, 2019, https://www.dw.com/en/vietnams-fight-against-hunger-a-success-story/a-18477927
46. See Kelvin Kudenga, “Mugabe should be jailed for his murderous crimes,” The Zimbabwean, July 21, 2017, https://www.thezimbabwean.co/2017/07/mugabe-jailed-murderous-crimes
47. Stuart Doran, “New documents claim to prove Mugabe ordered Gukurahundi killings,” The Guardian, May 19, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/may/19/mugabe-zimbabwe-gukurahundi-massacre-matabeleland
48. Conor Gaffey, “Zimbabwe President Robert Mugabe: ‘We Will Not Prosecute Killers of White Farmers,’ ” Newsweek, August 16, 2017, https://www.newsweek.com/zimbabwe-president-robert-mugabe-white-farmers-651326
49. Ibid.
50. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Reign of Terror,” last updated August 29, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/event/Reign-of-Terror
51. Spencer Kimball, “Fact or Fiction: Adolf Hitler Won an Election in 1932,” Deutsche Welle, dw.com, August 29, 2015, https://www.dw.com/en/fact-or-fiction-adolf-hitler-won-an-election-in-1932/a-18680673
52. Max Fisher, “Who Is Venezuela’s Legitimate President? A Messy Dispute, Explained,” New York Times, February 4, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/04/world/americas/venezuela-maduro-guaido-legitimate.html
53. World Bank, Poverty & Equity Data Portal, “India,” accessed September 12, 2019, http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND
54. Arthur C. Brooks, The Conservative Heart (New York, NY: Broadside Books, 2017), Kindle Edition, p. 112.
55. Robert Rector, “The War on Poverty Has Been a Colossal Flop,” The Daily Signal, September 16, 2014, https://www.dailysignal.com/2014/09/16/war-poverty-colossal-flop
56. Sally Pipes, “Good News About Obamacare Premiums Can’t Hide Long-Term Pain Donald Trump is Trying to Fix,” USA Today, October 8, 2018, https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2018/10/08/obamacare-premiums-democrats-donald-trump-insurance-aca-coverage-mandate-column/1444804002
57. National Center for Education Statistics, “Average undergraduate tuition and fees and room and board rates charged for full-time students in degree-granting postsecondary institutions, by level and control of institution: Selected years, 1963-64 through 2017-18,” Table 330.10, Digest of Education Statistics, accessed August 26, 2019, https://nces.ed.gov/programs/digest/d18/tables/dt18_330.10.asp
58. Kimberly Amadeo, “What the Economy Was Like in the 1920s,” The Balance, updated June 25, 2019, https://www.thebalance.com/roaring-twenties-4060511
59. History.com, “The Roaring Twenties History,” updated May 16, 2019, https://www.history.com/topics/roaring-twenties/roaring-twenties-history
60. Sarwat Jahan, Ahmed Saber Mahmud, and Chris Papageorgiou, “What Is Keynesian Economics?,” Finance & Development, Volume 51, No. 3, September 2014, https://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/fandd/2014/09/basics.htm
61. Mitchell Nemeth, “18 Facts on the US National Debt That Are Almost Too Hard to Believe,” Foundation for Economic Education, September 17, 2019, https://fee.org/articles/18-facts-on-the-us-national-debt-that-are-almost-too-hard-to-believe
62. Robert P. Murphy, “The Depression You’ve Never Heard Of: 1920-1921,” Foundation for Economic Education, November 18, 2009, https://fee.org/articles/the-depression-youve-never-heard-of-1920-1921
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid.
65. Ibid.
66. Kimberly Amadeo, “Unemployment Rate by Year Since 1929 Compared to Inflation and GDP,” The Balance, updated July 27, 2019, https://www.thebalance.com/unemployment-rate-by-year-3305506
67. Ibid.
68. Robert P. Murphy, supra note 62.

5. SWEDISH-STYLE SOCIALISM

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a The Heritage Foundation, 2018 Index of Economic Freedom, accessed November 29, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking
b The Heritage Foundation, 2019 Index of Economic Freedom, accessed December 12, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking
c See Samuel Gregg, “Remembering Karl Marx, Prophet of Violence and Terror,” The Catholic World Report, May 4, 2018, https://www.catholicworldreport.com/2018/05/04/remembering-karl-marx-prophet-of-violence-and-terror
d Inter IKEA Group, “Milestones in Our History,” ikea.com, accessed December 12, 2019, https://inter.ikea.com/en/about-us/milestones
e “Accidental Revolutionary,” Nation of Sweden, sweden.se, accessed December 12, 2019, https://sweden.se/culture-traditions/astrid-lindgren-spoke-people-listened
f EdChoice, “How Does School Choice Affect Public Schools?,” edchoice.org, June 2017, https://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/School-Choice-and-Public-Schools.pdf
g Forbes, “Forbes Releases 37th Annual Forbes 400 Ranking of the Richest Americans,” forbes.com, October 3, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbespr/2018/10/03/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans/#1912696e5cb1
h Virimchi Pillutla, Hannah Maslen, and Julian Savulescu, “Rationing elective surgery for smokers and obese patients: responsibility or prognosis?,” BMC Medical Ethics, Volume 19, Issue 28, 2018, doi:10.1186/s12910-018-0272-7
i Kevin Pham, “ ‘Socialist’ Nordic Countries Are Actually Moving Toward Private Health Care,” The Daily Signal, June 13, 2019, https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/06/13/socialist-nordic-countries-are-actually-moving-toward-private-health-care

1. Kelsey Bolar, “ ‘The Squad’ Is Only the Beginning of Nancy Pelosi’s Problems,” The Daily Signal, July 22, 2019, https://www.dailysignal.com/2019/07/22/the-squad-is-only-the-beginning-of-nancy-pelosis-problems
2. Jennifer Bendery, “Bernie Sanders: What’s Wrong With America Looking More Like Scandinavia?,” HuffPost, May 3, 2015, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/2015/05/03/bernie-sanders-campaign_n_7199546.html
3. Kerry Jackson, “Denmark Tells Bernie Sanders It’s Had Enough Of His ‘Socialist’ Slurs,” Investor’s Business Daily, November 9, 2015, https://www.investors.com/politics/commentary/denmark-tells-bernie-sanders-to-stop-calling-it-socialist
4. 2018 Index of Economic Freedom, The Heritage Foundation, accessed November 29, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/index/ranking
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Anthony B. Kim and Julia Howe, “Why Democratic Socialists Can’t Legitimately Claim Sweden, Denmark as Success Stories,” The Heritage Foundation, August 10, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/international-economies/commentary/why-democratic-socialists-cant-legitimately-claim-sweden-denmark
8. John Stossel and Tanvir Toy, “Sweden Is Not a Socialist Success,” Reason.com, October 23, 2018, https://reason.com/reasontv/2018/10/23/stossel-sweden-not-a-socialist-success
9. Free To Choose Network, “Sweden: Lessons for America?,” September 21, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jq3vVbdgMuQ&t=1444s
10. Per Bylund, “Stagnating Socialist Sweden,” mises.org, Mises Institute, January 11, 2011, https://mises.org/library/stagnating-socialist-sweden
11. See Per Bylund, “Stagnating Socialist Sweden,” mises.org, Mises Institute, January 11, 2011, https://mises.org/library/stagnating-socialist-sweden, citing Bjuggren and Johansson in Swedish Economics Association’s Journal Ekonomisk Debatt, 2009.
12. For source, see: https://archive.org/details/TheMagicLantern-BiographyOfIngmarBergman
13. Atlas Network, “The Story of Sweden Is About Markets, Not Socialism,” atlasnetwork.org, September 17, 2018, https://www.atlasnetwork.org/news/article/the-story-of-sweden-is-about-markets-not-socialism
14. Niv Elis, “Democrats Give Cold Shoulder to Warren Wealth Tax,” The Hill, August 9, 2019, https://thehill.com/homenews/administration/456739-democrats-give-cold-shoulder-to-warren-wealth-tax
15. Taylor LaJoie, “Senator Sanders Proposes a Tax on ‘Extreme’ Wealth,” Tax Foundation, September 25, 2019, https://taxfoundation.org/bernie-sanders-wealth-tax
16. Adam Sabes, “Joe Biden and Kamala Harris Agree on One Thing: Raising Taxes,” atr.org, Americans for Tax Reform, July 3, 2019, https://www.atr.org/joe-biden-and-kamala-harris-agree-one-thing-raising-taxes
17. Rocky Mengle, “2020 Election: Tax Plans for All 24 Democratic Presidential Candidates,” Kiplinger, updated August 1, 2019, https://www.kiplinger.com/slideshow/taxes/T043-S001-tax-plans-2020-democratic-presidential-candidates/index.html
18. Kyle Pomerleau, “How Scandinavian Countries Pay for Their Government Spending,” Tax Foundation, June 10, 2015, https://taxfoundation.org/how-scandinavian-countries-pay-their-government-spending
19. Alexandra Hudson, “School Voucher Systems Across the Globe Make the Case for School Choice in the U.S.,” edchoice.org, July 19, 2016, https://www.edchoice.org/blog/school-voucher-systems-across-globe-make-case-school-choice-u-s
20. Bernie 2020, “A Thurgood Marshall Plan for Public Education,” berniesanders.com, accessed August 9, 2019, https://berniesanders.com/a-thurgood-marshall-plan-for-public-education
21. Greg Forster, A Win-Win Solution: The Empirical Evidence on School Choice (Fourth Edition), EdChoice, May 2016, http://www.edchoice.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/A-Win-Win-Solution-The-Empirical-Evidence-on-School-Choice.pdf
22. Tommy Schultz, “National School Choice Poll Shows 67% of Voters Support School Choice,” American Federation for Children and Beck Research, January 17, 2019, https://www.federationforchildren.org/national-school-choice-poll-shows-67-of-voters-support-school-choice-2019
23. Norwegian Petroleum, “Production Forecasts,” norskpetroleum.no, accessed August 9, 2019, https://www.norskpetroleum.no/en/production-and-exports/production-forecasts
24. Rob Davies, “Norway’s $1tn Wealth Fund to Divest from Oil and Gas Exploration,” The Guardian (U.K.), March 8, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/mar/08/norways-1tn-wealth-fund-to-divest-from-oil-and-gas-exploration
25. See Nerijus Adomaitis, “With Energy High on Agenda, China’s No.3 Leader Visits Norway,” Reuters, May 15, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-norway-china/with-energy-high-on-agenda-chinas-no-3-leader-visits-norway-idUSKCN1SL0ZK; “Norway’s New Crude a Threat to Rivals in Prized Asia Market,” Bloomberg News, October 23, 2019, https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2019-10-23/norway-s-new-crude-a-competitive-threat-in-prized-asian-market
26. See AFP, “China Irked by Norwegian Nobel Peace Prize Nomination for Hong Kong,” October 17, 2019, https://www.thelocal.no/20191017/china-irked-by-norwegian-nobel-peace-prize-nomination-for-hong-kong
27. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Better Life Index, accessed August 10, 2019, www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org
28. Lydia Saad, “Less Than Half in U.S. Now Say Their Taxes Are Too High,” Gallup, April 16, 2018, https://news.gallup.com/poll/232361/less-half-say-taxes-high.aspx?g_source=link_NEWSV9&g_medium=LEAD&g_campaign=item_&g_content=Less%20Than%20Half%20in%20U.S.%20Now%20Say%20Their%20Taxes%20Are%20Too%20High
29. Quentin Fottrell, “More than 44% of Americans Pay No Federal Income Tax,” MarketWatch, February 26, 2019, https://www.marketwatch.com/story/81-million-americans-wont-pay-any-federal-income-taxes-this-year-heres-why-2018-04-16
30. International Energy Agency, “World Energy Prices 2019,” iea.org, accessed August 10, 2019, https://www.iea.org/statistics/prices
31. Veronica Stracqualursi, “Postal Service Reports $3.9 Billion in Losses for Fiscal Year 2018,” CNN.com, November 15, 2018, https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/15/politics/postal-service-losses-fiscal-year-2018/index.html
32. Kathryn Watson, “Comptroller General Declares Medicaid Waste Worse Than Official Estimates,” The Daily Caller, February 15, 2017, https://dailycaller.com/2017/02/15/comptroller-general-declares-medicaid-waste-worse-than-official-estimates
33. Marissa Laliberte, “11 Bizarre Things the U.S. Government Actually Spent Money On,” Reader’s Digest, accessed November 26, 2018, https://www.rd.com/culture/wasteful-government-spending-examples
34. Laura Sullivan, “Government’s Empty Buildings Are Costing Taxpayers Billions,” npr.com, March 12, 2014, https://www.npr.org/2014/03/12/287349831/governments-empty-buildings-are-costing-taxpayers-billions
35. Curtis Kalin and Sean Kennedy, Prime Cuts 2018, Citizens Against Government Waste, 2018, https://www.cagw.org/reporting/2018-prime-cuts
36. Charles Blahous, “The Costs of a National Single-Payer Healthcare System,” Working Paper, Mercatus Center, July 2018, https://www.mercatus.org/system/files/blahous-costs-medicare-mercatus-working-paper-v1_1.pdf
37. American Hospital Association, “American Hospital Association Underpayment by Medicare and Medicaid Fact Sheet,” January 2019, https://www.aha.org/system/files/2019-01/underpayment-by-medicare-medicaid-fact-sheet-jan-2019.pdf
38. Kyle Pomerleau and Huaqun Li, “How Much Revenue Would a 70% Top Tax Rate Raise? An Initial Analysis,” Tax Foundation, January 14, 2019, https://taxfoundation.org/70-tax-proposal
39. “Forbes Releases 37th Annual Forbes 400 Ranking of the Richest Americans,” Forbes, October 3, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbespr/2018/10/03/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans/#f4995ae5cb1f
40. Justin Haskins, “Estimating the Income Tax Hikes Required to Pay for Bernie Sanders’ Medicare-for-All Plan,” Policy Brief, The Heartland Institute, August 2019, https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/publications/Medicare4AllJK2.pdf
41. Bacchus Barua, David Jacques, and Antonia Collyer, Waiting Your Turn: Wait Times for Health Care in Canada, Fraser Institute, December 4, 2018, https://www.fraserinstitute.org/studies/waiting-your-turn-wait-times-for-health-care-in-canada-2018
42. Merritt Hawkins, Survey of Physician Appointment Wait Times, merritthawkins.com, 2017, https://www.merritthawkins.com/uploadedFiles/MerrittHawkins/Content/Pdf/mha2017waittimesurveyPDF.pdf
43. Laura Donnelly, “GPs to See Patients in Groups of 15,” The Telegraph (U.K.), October 5, 2018, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2018/10/05/gps-see-patients-groups-15
44. Donovan Slack, John Kelly, and James Sergent, “Death Rates, Bedsores, ER Wait Times: Where Every VA Hospital Lags or Leads Other Medical Care,” USA Today, February 7, 2019, https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/investigations/2019/02/07/where-every-va-hospital-lags-leads-other-care/2511739002
45. Anne Kauranen “Finland’s cabinet quits over failure to deliver healthcare reform,” Reuters, March 8, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-finland-government/finlands-cabinet-quits-over-failure-to-deliver-healthcare-reform-idUSKCN1QP0R6
46. Jeffrey Cimmino, “Finnish Government Collapses Due to Rising Cost of Universal Health Care,” Washington Free Beacon, March 8, 2019, https://freebeacon.com/politics/finnish-government-collapses-due-to-rising-cost-of-universal-health-care
47. Anne Kauranen, supra note 45.
48. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development , supra note 27.
49. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, “Deaths and Mortality,” cdc.gov, accessed August 12, 2019, https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/deaths.htm
50. NCD Risk Factor Collaboration, “Trends in adult body-mass index in 200 countries from 1975 to 2014: a pooled analysis of 1698 population-based measurement studies with 19•2 million participants,” Lancet, Volume 387, Issue 10026, P1377-1396, April 02, 2016, https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(16)30054-X/fulltext
51. See Emma Beswick, “Which country has the highest average BMI in Europe?,” Euronews, May 10, 2019, https://www.euronews.com/2019/05/09/which-country-has-the-highest-average-bmi-in-europe
52. “Automobile History,” History.com, August 21, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/inventions/automobiles
53. World Health Organization, “Road Traffic Deaths Data by Country,” Global Health Observatory Data Repository, last updated February 28, 2019, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.A997
54. “Who was Alfie Evans and what was the row over his treatment?,” BBC, April 28, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-merseyside-43754949
55. Robert Moffit, “The Sad Case of Alfie Evans: A Sordid Lesson in Government-Controlled Health Care,” The Heritage Foundation, April 26, 2018, https://www.heritage.org/life/commentary/the-sad-case-alfie-evans-sordid-lesson-government-controlled-health-care
56. Helen Pidd, “Couples Being Denied IVF on NHS Over Man’s Age or Weight,” The Guardian (U.K.), October 28, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/society/2018/oct/29/couples-being-denied-ivf-nhs-mans-age-or-weight
57. Alex Matthews-King, “Obese People Unfairly Denied IVF by Cost-Cutting NHS, says Oxford Academic,” Independent (U.K.), April 14, 2019, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/health/obesity-ivf-fertility-treatment-pregnancy-nhs-funding-crisis-ccg-oxford-a8868676.html
58. Chris Smyth, “Elderly Go Blind as NHS Ignores Eye Surgery Rationing Advice,” The Times (U.K.), April 6, 2019, https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/elderly-go-blind-as-nhs-ignores-eye-surgery-rationing-advice-bp5x77t0g
59. Angie Drobnic Holan, “Lie of the Year: ‘If You Like Your Health Care Plan, You Can Keep It,’ ”
60. J.B. Wogan, “Cut the Cost of a Typical Family’s Health Insurance Premium by up to $2,500 a Year,” PolitiFact, August 31, 2012, https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/promises/obameter/promise/521/cut-cost-typical-familys-health-insurance-premium-
61. Jason Pye, “Watch ObamaCare’s Architect Brag About the Deceptive Tactics Used to Pass the Health Law,” FreedomWorks, November 10, 2014, http://www.freedomworks.org/content/watch-obamacares-architect-brag-about-deceptive-tactics-used-pass-health-law
62. Marissa Laliberte, supra note 33.
63. Hadley Heath Manning, “Massachusetts Shows Rationing is Inevitable when Government is in Charge of Healthcare,” October 20, 2017, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/massachusetts-shows-rationing-is-inevitable-when-government-is-in-charge-of-healthcare
64. Tax Policy Center, “How Do State and Local Soda Taxes Work?,” Briefing Book, accessed August 19, 2019, https://www.taxpolicycenter.org/briefing-book/how-do-state-and-local-soda-taxes-work
65. Janelle Cammenga, “How High Are Cigarette Taxes in Your State?,” Tax Foundation, April 10, 2019, https://taxfoundation.org/2019-state-cigarette-tax-rankings
66. Associated Press, “San Francisco Schools Ban Chocolate Milk: It’s ‘a Bummer, but Whatever,’ ” Chicago Tribune, July 10, 2017, https://www.chicagotribune.com/nation-world/ct-san-francisco-schools-ban-chocolate-milk-20170710-story.html
67. Gary Price and Tim Norbeck, “Direct Primary Care Trumps the ACA for: Value, Quality And Satisfaction,” Forbes, June 28, 2017, https://www.forbes.com/sites/physiciansfoundation/2017/06/28/direct-primary-care-trumps-the-aca-for-value-quality-and-satisfaction/#7a141f8b1dad
68. Matthew Glans, “Direct Primary Care, A Viable Solution to Pennsylvania’s Primary Care Shortage,” Research & Commentary, The Heartland Institute, May 30, 2018, https://www.heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/research--commentary-direct-primary-care-a-viable-solution-to-pennsylvanias-primary-care-shortage
69. Docs4PatientCare Foundation, The Physician’s Prescription For Health Care Reform, accessed August 19, 2019, https://d4pcfoundation.org/about-us/the-physicians-prescription-for-health-care-reform

6. BUILDING A 21^ST CENTURY SOCIALIST PARADISE NIGHTMARE

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a Sidney Fussell, “Why Hong Kongers Are Toppling Lampposts,” The Atlantic, August 30, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/technology/archive/2019/08/why-hong-kong-protesters-are-cutting-down-lampposts/597145
b Jacqueline Alemany, “White House Considers New Project Seeking Links Between Mental Health and Violent Behavior,” The Washington Post, August 22, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2019/08/22/white-house-considers-new-project-seeking-links-between-mental-health-violent-behavior
c Ed Feulner, “Assessing the ‘Great Society,’ ” Heritage Foundation, June 30, 2014, https://www.heritage.org/poverty-and-inequality/commentary/assessing-the-great-society
d Richard Best, “How the U.S. Dollar Became the World’s Reserve Currency,” Investopedia, October 1, 2019, https://www.investopedia.com/articles/forex-currencies/092316/how-us-dollar-became-worlds-reserve-currency.asp?
e World Bank, “GDP (current US$)—Japan, United States,” accessed September 26, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=JP-US, citing data from the World Bank national accounts and OECD National Accounts.

1. George Orwell, 1984, 60th Anniversary Edition, (New York, NY: Berkley Publishing, 1983).
2. iRobot, “iRobot Reports Record Fourth-Quarter and Full-Year Revenue,” media.irobot.com, February 7, 2018, https://media.irobot.com/2018-02-07-iRobot-Reports-Record-Fourth-Quarter-and-Full-Year-Revenue
3. Jane Barratt, “We Are Living Longer than Ever. But Are We Living Better?,” STAT News, February 14, 2017, https://www.statnews.com/2017/02/14/living-longer-living-better-aging
4. Interview between Glenn Beck and Ray Kurzweil, Glenn Beck Program, CNN Headline News, May 30, 2008, http://transcripts.cnn.com/TRANSCRIPTS/0805/30/gb.01.html
5. June Javelosa, “Robo Revolution: A Factory Cut Labor Costs in Half, Thanks to Tiny Robots,” Futurism, April 22, 2017, https://futurism.com/3-tiny-robots-help-cut-chinese-warehouse-labor-costs-by-half-kelsey
6. Charlie Campbell, “ ‘AI Farms’ Are at the Forefront of China’s Global Ambitions,” Time, February 1, 2019, https://time.com/5518339/china-ai-farm-artificial-intelligence-cybersecurity
7. Evan Andrews, “Who Were the Luddites?,” History.com, updated June 26, 2019, https://www.history.com/news/who-were-the-luddites
8. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Xinjiang,” accessed September 23, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Xinjiang
9. Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Uighur,” accessed September 23, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/topic/Uighur
10. See Encyclopaedia Britannica, “Xinjiang,” accessed September 23, 2019, https://www.britannica.com/place/Xinjiang
11. Dominic Nardi, “Religious Freedom in China’s High-Tech Surveillance State,” U.S. Commission on International Religious Freedom, September 2019, https://www.uscirf.gov/sites/default/files/2019%20China%20Surveillance%20State%20Update.pdf
12. Ibid.
13. Ibid.
14. Ibid.
15. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Chris Buckley and Paul Mozur, “How China Uses High-Tech Surveillance to Subdue Minorities,” New York Times, May 22, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/22/world/asia/china-surveillance-xinjiang.html
19. Ellen Halliday, “Uighurs Can’t Escape Chinese Repression, Even in Europe,” The Atlantic, August 20, 2019, https://www.theatlantic.com/international/archive/2019/08/china-threatens-uighurs-europe/596347
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Associated Press, “China’s Uighur Policy is Human Rights ‘Stain of the Century’—Pompeo,” July 19, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2019/jul/19/chinas-uighur-policy-is-human-rights-stain-of-the-century-pompeo
23. Dominic Nardi, supra note 11.
24. Simina Mistreanu, “Life Inside China’s Social Credit Laboratory,” Foreign Policy, April 3, 2018, https://foreignpolicy.com/2018/04/03/life-inside-chinas-social-credit-laboratory
25. Joe McDonald, “China Bars Millions from Travel for ‘Social Credit’ Offenses,” Associated Press, February 22, 2019, https://www.apnews.com/9d43f4b74260411797043ddd391c13d8
26. Mike Elgan, “Uh-oh: Silicon Valley is Building a Chinese-Style Social Credit System,” Fast Company, August 26, 2019, https://www.fastcompany.com/90394048/uh-oh-silicon-valley-is-building-a-chinese-style-social-credit-system
27. See Bruce Sterling, “Chinese Planning Outline for a Social Credit System,” Wired, June 3, 2015, https://www.wired.com/beyond-the-beyond/2015/06/chinese-planning-outline-social-credit-system
28. Joe McDonald, supra note 25.
29. Dustin Volz, “Spy Agency NSA Triples Collection of U.S. Phone Records: Official Report,” Reuters.com, May 4, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-surveillance/spy-agency-nsa-triples-collection-of-u-s-phone-records-official-report-idUSKBN1I52FR
30. Laura Hautala, “NSA Surveillance Programs Live On, In Case You Hadn’t Noticed,” cnet.com, January 19, 2018, https://www.cnet.com/news/nsa-surveillance-programs-prism-upstream-live-on-snowden
31. Andrew Liptak, “President Donald Trump Has Signed the FISA Reauthorization Bill,” The Verge, January 20, 2018, https://www.theverge.com/2018/1/20/16913534/president-donald-trump-signed-fisa-amendments-reauthorization-act-of-2017-section-702
32. Laura Hautala, supra note 30.
33. Patrick Toomey, “The NSA Continues to Violate Americans’ Internet Privacy Rights,” ACLU, August 22, 2018, https://www.aclu.org/blog/national-security/privacy-and-surveillance/nsa-continues-violate-americans-internet-privacy
34. See, for example, Derek Hawkins, “The Cybersecurity 202: Privacy Advocates Are Back in Court Fighting NSA Surveillance. It’s an Uphill Battle,” Washington Post, September 4, 2018, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/powerpost/paloma/the-cybersecurity-202/2018/09/04/the-cybersecurity-202-privacy-advocates-are-back-in-court-fighting-nsa-surveillance-it-s-an-uphill-battle/5b8d69f21b326b3f31919f29
35. See “EFF Urges Supreme Court to Take On Unconstitutional NSA Surveillance, Reverse Dangerous Ruling That Allows Massive Government Spying Program,” Electronic Frontier Foundation, August 10, 2017, https://www.eff.org/ko/press/releases/eff-urges-supreme-court-take-unconstitutional-nsa-surveillance-reverse-dangerous
36. See Orin Kerr, “9th Circuit Upholds Warrantless Email Surveillance of Person in the U.S. Communicating with Foreigners Abroad when the Foreigners are the ‘Targets,’ ” Washington Post, December 5, 2016, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/volokh-conspiracy/wp/2016/12/05/9th-circuit-upholds-warrantless-email-surveillance-of-person-in-the-u-s-communicating-with-foreigners-abroad-when-the-foreigners-are-the-targets
37. Patrick Toomey, supra note 33.
38. Joseph Mann, “Exclusive: Yahoo Secretly Scanned Customer Emails for U.S. Intelligence Sources,” Reuters, October 4, 2016, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-yahoo-nsa-exclusive-idUSKCN1241YT
39. Dustin Volz, “Spy Agency NSA Triples Collection of U.S. Phone Records: Official Report,” Reuters, May 4, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-cyber-surveillance/spy-agency-nsa-triples-collection-of-u-s-phone-records-official-report-idUSKBN1I52FR
40. Mike Elgan, supra note 26.
41. Scott Jaschik, “New SAT Score: Adversity,” Inside Higher Ed, May 20, 2019, https://www.insidehighered.com/admissions/article/2019/05/20/college-board-will-add-adversity-score-everyone-taking-sat
42. Ibid.
43. Lauren Camera, “College Board Backtracks on ‘Adversity Score,’ ” U.S. News & World Report, August 27, 2019, https://www.usnews.com/news/education-news/articles/2019-08-27/college-board-backtracks-on-adversity-score
44. U.S. Census Bureau, “Historical Poverty Tables: People and Families—1959 to 2018,” census.gov, accessed September 25, 2019, https://www.census.gov/data/tables/time-series/demo/income-poverty/historical-poverty-people.html
45. U.S. Debt Clock, https://www.usdebtclock.org/
46. Eliza Relman, “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez Says the Theory that Deficit Spending is Good for the Economy Should ‘Absolutely’ Be Part of the Conversation,” Business Insider, January 7, 2019, https://www.businessinsider.com/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-ommt-modern-monetary-theory-how-pay-for-policies-2019-1
47. “About Stephanie Kelton,” stephaniekelton.com, accessed September 26, 2019, https://stephaniekelton.com/about
48. Jordan Malter, “Bernie Sanders’ 2016 Economic Advisor Stephanie Kelton on Modern Monetary Theory and the 2020 Race,” CNBC.com, March 2, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/03/01/bernie-sanders-economic-advisor-stephanie-kelton-on-mmt-and-2020-race.html
49. Ibid.
50. Ibid.
51. Matthew Klein, “Everything You Need to Know About Modern Monetary Theory,” Barron’s, June 7, 2019, https://www.barrons.com/articles/modern-monetary-theory-51559956914
52. Jordan Malter, supra note 48.
53. Veronica Stracqualursi, “Postal Service reports $3.9 billion in losses for fiscal year 2018,” CNN.com, November 15, 2018, https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/15/politics/postal-service-losses-fiscal-year-2018/index.html
54. Associated Press, “Amtrak Cuts Operating Losses to Lowest Level in Decades,” apnews.com, November 15, 2018, https://www.apnews.com/d229959ca1334fb6bc0fb5780f0dcae0
55. Patrick Gillespie, Marilia Brocchetto and Paula Newton, “Venezuela: How a Rich Country Collapsed,” CNN Business, July 30, 2017, https://money.cnn.com/2017/07/26/news/economy/venezuela-economic-crisis/index.html
56. Valentina Sanchez, “Venezuela Hyperinflation Hits 10 million Percent. ‘Shock Therapy’ May Be Only Chance to Undo the Economic Damage,” CNBC.com, August 3, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/08/02/venezuela-inflation-at-10-million-percent-its-time-for-shock-therapy.html
57. Sally Helm, “Modern Monetary Theory,” Planet Money, podcast, NPR, September 26, 2018, https://www.npr.org/templates/transcript/transcript.php?storyId=652001941
58. Hans Sennholz, “Hyperinflation in Germany, 1914-1923,” October 27, 2006, Mises Institute, https://mises.org/library/hyperinflation-germany-1914-1923
59. Iain Burns, “When Money Was Worthless,” Daily Mail, November 16, 2017, https://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-5088405/When-cash-worthless-Germany-World-War.html
60. Ibid.
61. MacDonald Dzirutwe and Karin Strohecker, “Zimbabwe Inflation Almost Doubles, Stirring Memories of Economic Chaos,” Reuters, July 15, 2019, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-zimbabwe-inflation/zimbabwe-inflation-almost-doubles-stirring-memories-of-economic-chaos-idUSKCN1UA0Q0
62. Ibid.
63. Kimberly Amadeo, “US Inflation Rate by Year from 1929 to 2020,” The Balance, updated July 21, 2019, https://www.thebalance.com/u-s-inflation-rate-history-by-year-and-forecast-3306093
64. Megumi Fujikawa and Kosaku Narioka, “For Some in Japan, Another Day Older and Deeper in Debt Doesn’t Sound So Bad,” Wall Street Journal, March 30, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/for-some-in-japan-another-day-older-and-deeper-in-debt-doesnt-sound-so-bad-11553947202
65. World Bank, “GDP (current US$)—Japan, United States,” accessed September 26, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=JP-US, citing data from the World Bank national accounts and OECD National Accounts.
66. Pavlina R. Tcherneva, “MMT is Already Happening,” Jacobin, February 27, 2019, https://jacobinmag.com/2019/02/mmt-modern-monetary-theory-doug-henwood-overton-window
67. Levy Economics Institute, “Scholars: L. Randall Wray,” accessed September 26, 2019, http://www.levyinstitute.org/scholars/l-randall-wray
68. L. Randall Wray, “Response to Doug Henwood’s Trolling in Jacobin,” New Economic Perspectives, February 25, 2019, http://neweconomicperspectives.org/2019/02/response-to-doug-henwoods-trolling-in-jacobin.html

7. SAINTS, SINNERS, & SOCIALISTS

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a See History.com, “Khmer Rouge,” updated August 21, 2018, https://www.history.com/topics/cold-war/the-khmer-rouge; Hobert C. Tucker, “Stalin and the Uses of Psychology,” Project Rand, U.S. Air Force, March 10, 1955, https://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/research_memoranda/2006/RM1441.pdf; Zhipeng Gao, “Pavlovianism in China: Politics and Differentiation Across Scientific Disciplines in the Maoist Era,” History of Science, Volume 53, Issue 1, April 2015, https://www.researchgate.net/publication/275240414_Pavlovianism_in_China_Politics_and_differentiation_across_scientific_disciplines_in_the_Maoist_era
b See R.J. Rummel, Statistics of democide: genocide and mass murder since 1900, Transaction Publishers, 1997; Jean-Louis Panne et al., The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999).
c Thomas Sowell post on Twitter, July 19, 2019, https://twitter.com/thomassowell/status/1152262592221601792?lang=en
d See Office of U.S. Sen. Rand Paul, “Waste Reports,” paul.senate.gov, accessed September 10, 2019, https://www.paul.senate.gov/wastereport; Curtis Kalin and Sean Kennedy, Prime Cuts 2018, Citizens Against Government Waste, 2018, https://www.cagw.org/reporting/2018-prime-cuts
e See Josh Sanburn, “Paul Krugman: An Alien Invasion Could Fix the Economy,” Time, August 16, 2011, http://business.time.com/2011/08/16/paul-krugman-an-alien-invasion-could-fix-the-economy
f Emily Birnbaum, “Tulsi Gabbard Sues Google over Censorship Claims,” The Hill, July 25, 2019, https://thehill.com/policy/technology/454746-tulsi-gabbard-sues-google-over-censorship-claims

1. Randall Hoven, “Liberal Myths vs. Reality,” New York Post, December 19, 2010, https://nypost.com/2010/12/19/liberal-myths-vs-reality
2. James Madison, “The Structure of the Government Must Furnish the Proper Checks and Balances Between the Different Departments,” Independent Journal, February 6, 1788. Later compiled in the Federalist Papers, Essay No. 51, made available by the U.S. Library of Congress, https://www.congress.gov/resources/display/content/The+Federalist+Papers
3. See Herbert J. Walberg and Joseph L. Bast, How to Use Rewards to Help Children Learn—and Why Teachers Don’t Use Them Well (Arlington Heights, IL: The Heartland Institute, 2014), https://www.heartland.org/publications-resources/publications/rewards?source=policybot
4. Samuel Stebbins, “The Cities Hit Hardest by Extreme Poverty,” 24/7 Wall St., April 25, 2019, https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/realestate/the-cities-hit-hardest-by-extreme-poverty/ar-BBWg7PK
5. Michael B. Sauter, Thomas C. Frohlich, and Michelle Lodge, “25 Most Dangerous Cities in America,” 24/7 Wall St., https://247wallst.com/special-report/2018/10/17/25-most-dangerous-cities-in-america-4, citing statistics from the FBI’s 2017 Uniform Crime Report.
6. Leon Trotsky, Literature and Revolution, originally published by Leon Trotsky, April 11, 1924, made available online by Marxist.com, https://www.marxist.com/literature-and-revolution.htm
7. History.com, “Russian Revolutionary Leon Trotsky Assassinated in Mexico,” This Day in History, updated August 19, 2019, https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/trotsky-assassinated-in-mexico
8. See Palash Ghosh, “How Many People Did Joseph Stalin Kill?,” International Business Times, March 5, 2013, https://www.ibtimes.com/how-many-people-did-joseph-stalin-kill-1111789, citing multiple studies.
9. BBC News, “Khmer Rouge: Cambodia’s Years of Brutality,” bbc.com, November 16, 2018, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-pacific-10684399
10. See Investor’s Business Daily, “The Fidel Castro Myth Debunked: The Death of a Tyrant, Not a Hero,” investors.com, November 26, 2016, https://www.investors.com/politics/editorials/the-fidel-castro-myth-debunked-the-death-of-a-tyrant-not-a-hero, citing research by R.J. Rummel, University of Hawaii.
11. See Council of Economic Advisers, The Opportunity Costs of Socialism, Executive Office of the President, October 2018, p. 8, https://www.whitehouse.gov/wp-content/uploads/2018/10/The-Opportunity-Costs-of-Socialism.pdf
12. Ibid.
13. Barnini Chakraborty, “California Bullet Train Project on Track to Blow Through Billions of More Dollars,” FoxNews.com, August 31, 2018, https://www.foxnews.com/us/california-bullet-train-project-on-track-to-blow-through-billions-of-more-dollars
14. Ralph Vartabedian, “Newsom’s Shorter California Bullet Train Plan Likely to Run Out of Money Before Completion,” Los Angeles Times, March 3, 2019, https://www.latimes.com/local/california/la-me-bullet-plan-challenges-20190303-story.html
15. See Alex Dobuzinskis, “Seattle Employers Cut Hours After Latest Minimum Wage Rise, Study Finds,” Reuters, June 26, 2017, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-seattle-minimumwage-idUSKBN19H2MV
16. See Sarah Ferris and Ian Kullgren, “Minimum Wage Bill Could Eliminate 1.3 Million Jobs, CBO Says,” Politico, July 8, 2019, https://www.politico.com/story/2019/07/08/minimum-wage-bill-eliminate-13m-jobs-cbo-says-1400531
17. Congressional Budget Office, The Effects on Employment and Family Income of Increasing the Federal Minimum Wage, cbo.gov, July 2019, https://www.cbo.gov/system/files/2019-07/CBO-55410-MinimumWage2019.pdf
18. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, “Annual Report 2018,” gatesfoundation.org, accessed September 10, 2019, https://www.gatesfoundation.org/Who-We-Are/Resources-and-Media/Annual-Reports/Annual-Report-2018
19. Office of U.S. Sen. Rand Paul, “Waste Reports,” paul.senate.gov, accessed September 10, 2019, https://www.paul.senate.gov/wastereport
20. Curtis Kalin and Sean Kennedy, Prime Cuts 2018, Citizens Against Government Waste, 2018, https://www.cagw.org/reporting/2018-prime-cuts
21. See Lucy Handley, “Amazon Beats Apple and Google to Become the World’s Most Valuable Brand,” CNBC, June 11, 2019, https://www.cnbc.com/2019/06/11/amazon-beats-apple-and-google-to-become-the-worlds-most-valuable-brand.html
22. Forbes, “Forbes Releases 37th Annual Forbes 400 Ranking of the Richest Americans,” forbes.com, October 3, 2018, https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbespr/2018/10/03/forbes-releases-37th-annual-forbes-400-ranking-of-the-richest-americans/#1912696e5cb1
23. Todd Spangler, “YouTube Now Has 2 Billion Monthly Users, Who Watch 250 Million Hours on TV Screens Daily,” Variety, May 3, 2019, https://variety.com/2019/digital/news/youtube-2-billion-users-tv-screen-watch-time-hours-1203204267
24. Aaron Smith and Monica Anderson, “Social Media Use in 2018,” Pew Research Center, March 1, 2018, https://www.pewinternet.org/2018/03/01/social-media-use-in-2018
25. Danny Sullivan, “Google Now Handles at Least 2 Trillion Searches per Year,” Search Engine Land, May 24, 2016, https://searchengineland.com/google-now-handles-2-999-trillion-searches-per-year-250247
26. Nitasha Tiku, “Survey Finds Conservatives Feel Out of Place in Silicon Valley,” Wired, February 2, 2018, https://www.wired.com/story/survey-finds-conservatives-feel-out-of-place-in-silicon-valley
27. FoxNews.com, “Google Fires Employee Behind Anti-Diversity Memo, Reports Say,” last updated September 26, 2017, https://www.foxnews.com/tech/google-fires-employee-behind-anti-diversity-memo-reports-say
28. Christopher Carbone, “Google Employee’s Anti-Diversity Memo Goes Viral, Prompts Response from Execs,” FoxNews.com, last updated September 26, 2017, https://www.foxnews.com/tech/google-employees-anti-diversity-memo-goes-viral-prompts-response-from-execs
29. Planned Parenthood, “What Are Puberty Blockers?,” plannedparenthood.org, accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.plannedparenthood.org/learn/teens/puberty/what-are-puberty-blockers
30. See Jane Robbins, “Why Puberty Blockers Are A Clear Danger To Children’s Health,” The Federalist, December 14, 2018, https://thefederalist.com/2018/12/14/puberty-blockers-clear-danger-childrens-health, citing Jim Strickland and Sheila Schutt, “ ‘My Body Is on Fire’: Ga. Woman Blames Drug for Pain, Sues Maker,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, October 29, 2018, https://www.ajc.com/lifestyles/health/body-fire-woman-blames-drug-for-pain-sues-maker/SXiOzDSFL694I7LcT4Ra0O
31. Michael Gryboski, “YouTube Blocks PragerU Ten Commandments Videos, Restricts to ‘Mature Audiences,’ ” Christian Post, August 21, 2019, https://www.christianpost.com/news/youtube-blocks-prageru-ten-commandments-videos-restricts-mature-audiences.html
32. Carlos Garcia, “YouTube Responds to Vox Writer’s Campaign to ‘Punish’ Steven Crowder, and He is Not Happy About It,” The Blaze, June 4, 2019, https://www.theblaze.com/news/youtube-shut-downs-campaign-against-crowder
33. Interview of Steven Crowder by Glenn Beck, Glenn Beck Radio Program, Blaze Media, June 6, 2019, https://www.theblaze.com/glenn-radio/crowder-youtube
34. Section 230, U.S. Communications Decency Act, 47 U.S.C. § 230, 1996. Text made available by the Electronic Frontier Foundation, accessed September 11, 2019, https://www.eff.org/issues\/cda230

8. ECO-SOCIALISM & CLIMATE CHANGE

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

a See Emily Ekins, “68% of Americans Wouldn’t Pay $10 a Month in Higher Electric Bills to Combat Climate Change,” Cato at Liberty, Cato Institute, March 8, 2019, https://www.cato.org/blog/68-americans-wouldnt-pay-10-month-higher-electric-bills-combat-climate-change
b Maggie Astor, “Pete Buttigieg Calls Climate Change ‘a Kind of Sin,’ ” New York Times, September 4, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/live/2019/democrats-climate-town-hall/pete-buttigieg-climate-change; Gabriel Hays, “ ‘Agnostic’ Sarah Silverman Calls Climate Change Girl the Second Coming of ‘Jesus,’ ” NewsBusters, September 16, 2019, https://www.newsbusters.org/blogs/culture/gabriel-hays/2019/09/16/agnostic-sarah-silverman-calls-climate-change-girl-second
c Robert Bryce, “Vacant-land Mythology Impedes Serious Energy Discussions,” The Hill, February 25, 2019, https://thehill.com/opinion/energy-environment/430992-vacant-land-mythology-impedes-serious-energy-discussions; Robert Bryce, “San Bernardino County Says No to Big Renewables,” National Review, March 7, 2019, https://www.manhattan-institute.org/html/renewable-energy-land-use-san-bernardino-county
d U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “Global Greenhouse Gas Emissions Data,” epa.gov, last accessed December 12, 2019, https://www.epa.gov/ghgemissions/global-greenhouse-gas-emissions-data
e Lindsey Bahr, “New Michael Moore–Backed Doc Tackles Alternative Energy,” Associated Press, August 8, 2019, https://apnews.com/933b49681b0d47d3a005d356f35251ab
f Isaac Orr, “Capitalism is Saving the Planet Part 1: Wealth Makes Health, Eventually,” Center of the American Experiment, July 12, 2019, https://www.americanexperiment.org/2019/07/capitalism-saving-planet-part-1-wealth-makes-health-eventually
g Andrew McAfee, “The Economy Keeps Growing, but Americans Are Using Less Steel, Paper, Fertilizer, and Energy,” Reason, October 9, 2019, https://reason.com/2019/10/09/the-economy-keeps-growing-but-americans-are-using-less-steel-paper-fertilizer-and-energy

1. Naomi Klein, This Changes Everything: Capitalism vs. the Climate (New York, NY: Simon & Schuster, Kindle edition, 2014, pp. 23–24).
2. Ibid., p. 177.
3. Ibid., p. 23.
4. See Justin Haskins, “Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s ‘Green New Deal’ is Actually an Old Socialist Plan from Canada,” FoxNews.com, January 19, 2019, https://www.foxnews.com/opinion/alexandria-ocasio-cortezs-green-new-deal-is-actually-an-old-socialist-plan-from-canada
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11. Emily Ekins, “68% of Americans Wouldn’t Pay $10 a Month in Higher Electric Bills to Combat Climate Change,” At Liberty, Cato Institute, March 8, 2019, https://www.cato.org/blog/68-americans-wouldnt-pay-10-month-higher-electric-bills-combat-climate-change
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13. Naomi Oreskes, “The Scientific Consensus on Climate Change,” Science, Volume 306, Issue 5702, December 3, 2004, https://science.sciencemag.org/content/306/5702/1686.full
14. Joseph Bast and Roy Spencer, “The Myth of the Climate Change ‘97%,’ ” Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/joseph-bast-and-roy-spencer-the-myth-of-the-climate-change-97-1401145980
15. Peter Doran and Maggie Kendall Zimmerman, “Examining the Scientific Consensus on Climate Change,” Eos, American Geophysical Union, Volume 90, Issue 3, January 20, 2009, https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1029/2009EO030002
16. Ibid.
17. John Cook et al., “Quantifying the Consensus on Anthropogenic Global Warming in the Scientific Literature,” Environmental Research Letters, May 15, 2013, https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1748-9326/8/2/024024
18. See Joseph Bast and Roy Spencer, “The Myth of the Climate Change ‘97%,’ ” Wall Street Journal, May 26, 2014, https://www.wsj.com/articles/joseph-bast-and-roy-spencer-the-myth-of-the-climate-change-97-1401145980, citing David Legates et al., “Climate Consensus and ‘Misinformation’: A Rejoinder to Agnotology, Scientific Consensus, and the Teaching and Learning of Climate Change,” Science & Education, Volume 24, Issue 3, April 2015, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11191-013-9647-9#page-1?mod=article_inline
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28. John Christy and Richard McNider, “Satellite Bulk Tropospheric Temperatures as a Metric for Climate Sensitivity,” Asia-Pacific Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, Volume 53, Issue 4, https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13143-017-0070-z
29. Nate Silver, The Signal and the Noise: Why So Many Predictions Fail—but Some Don’t (New York, NY: Penguin Books, 2015), Reprint Edition.
30. See Myron Ebell and Steven Milloy, “Wrong Again: 50 Years of Failed Eco-pocalyptic Predictions,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, cei.org, September 18, 2019, https://cei.org/blog/wrong-again-50-years-failed-eco-pocalyptic-predictions, citing George Getze, “Dire Famine Forecast by 1975,” Salt Lake Tribune, November 17, 1967.
31. Institute for Energy Research, “Climate Change Overview,” accessed September 20, 2019, https://www.instituteforenergyresearch.org/climate-change/climate-change-overview/2
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37. See Myron Ebell and Steven Milloy, “Wrong Again: 50 Years of Failed Eco-pocalyptic Predictions,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, cei.org, September 18, 2019, https://cei.org/blog/wrong-again-50-years-failed-eco-pocalyptic-predictions, citing Walter Sullivan, “International Team of Specialists Finds No End in Sight to 30-Year Cooling Trend in Northern Hemisphere,” New York Times, January 5, 1978.
38. Walter Sullivan, “Climatologists Are Warned North Pole Might Melt,” February 14, 1979, The New York Times, https://www.nytimes.com/1979/02/14/archives/climatologists-are-warned-north-pole-might-melt-another-projection.html?searchResultPosition=1
39. Walter Sullivan, “Increased Burning of Fuels,” New York Times, November 20, 1979, https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/20/archives/increased-burning-of-fuels-could-alter-climate-change-in-climate-is.html?searchResultPosition=7
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41. See, for example, Reuters, “Global Temperatures on Track for 3-5 Degree Rise by 2100: U.N.,” November 29, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-climate-change-un/global-temperatures-on-track-for-3-5-degree-rise-by-2100-u-n-idUSKCN1NY186
42. See Myron Ebell and Steven Milloy, “Wrong Again: 50 Years of Failed Eco-pocalyptic Predictions,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, cei.org, September 18, 2019, https://cei.org/blog/wrong-again-50-years-failed-eco-pocalyptic-predictions, citing Edward Stiles, “Prepare for Long, Hot Summers,” Gannett News Service, December 12, 1988.
43. Myron Ebell and Steven Milloy, “Wrong Again: 50 Years of Failed Eco-pocalyptic Predictions,” Competitive Enterprise Institute, cei.org, September 18, 2019, https://cei.org/blog/wrong-again-50-years-failed-eco-pocalyptic-predictions
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48. See Justin Haskins, “An Inconvenient Commentary: 5 Times Climate Alarmists Made Horribly Wrong Predictions,” TheBlaze, July 30, 2017, https://www.theblaze.com/news/2017/07/30/an-inconvenient-commentary-5-times-climate-alarmists-made-horribly-wrong-predictions
49. Doug Hardy, “Greatest Snowfall on Kilimanjaro Glaciers in Years,” GlacierHub, April 4, 2018, https://glacierhub.org/2018/04/04/greatest-snowfall-on-kilimanjaro-glaciers-in-years
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52. See Roger Bezdek et al., Climate Change Reconsidered II: Fossil Fuels (Arlington Heights, IL: Nongovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2019), Figures 2.3.1.1.1 and 2.3.1.1.2, citing data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and Environmental Protection Agency, respectfully, p. 190, http://climatechangereconsidered.org/climate-change-reconsidered-ii-fossil-fuels
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62. Ibid.
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64. Hana Alberts, “Barack and Michelle Obama are buying a $15M estate in Martha’s Vineyard,” New York Post, August 22, 2019, https://nypost.com/2019/08/22/barack-and-michelle-obama-are-buying-15m-estate-in-marthas-vineyard
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66. See Peter Hasson, “Climate Change Could Leave Obama’s Possible New Mansion Underwater, According To Researchers Funded By Obama Admin,” Daily Caller, August 26, 2019, https://dailycaller.com/2019/08/26/obama-marthas-vineyard-mansion-climate-change
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71. See James Taylor, “A Famine of Fact at U.N. Climate Panel,” Wall Street Journal, August 30, 2019, https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-famine-of-fact-at-u-n-climate-panel-11567201352; Food and Agriculture Organization, “World Food Situation,” United Nations, accessed September 21, 2019, http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/csdb/en; HumanProgress.org, “Crops, Net Production,” accessed September 21, 2019, https://humanprogress.org/dwline?p=689&yf=1961&yl=2016&high=0&reg=3&reg1=0
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73. See NASA, “Human Activity in China and India Dominates the Greening of Earth, NASA Study Shows,” nasa.gov, February 11, 2019, https://www.nasa.gov/feature/ames/human-activity-in-china-and-india-dominates-the-greening-of-earth-nasa-study-shows
74. Marlo Lewis Jr., “Climate-Related Deaths Are at Historic Lows, Data Show,” Foundation for Economic Education, June 7, 2019, https://fee.org/articles/climate-related-deaths-are-at-historic-lows-data-show
75. Chris Cillizza, “Nancy Pelosi Just Threw Some Serious Shade at Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez’s ‘Green New Deal,’ ” CNN.com, updated February 8, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/02/07/politics/pelosi-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-green-new-deal/index.html
76. House Resolution 109, Recognizing the Duty of the Federal Government to Create a Green New Deal, 116th Congress, February 7, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/cosponsors
77. Senate Resolution 59, Recognizing the Duty of the Federal Government to Create a Green New Deal, 116th Congress, February 7, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/cosponsors
78. See text of House Resolution 109, Recognizing the Duty of the Federal Government to Create a Green New Deal, 116th Congress, February 7, 2019, https://www.congress.gov/bill/116th-congress/house-resolution/109/
79. U.S. Department of Energy and BW Research Partnership, U.S. Energy and Employment Report, January 2017, https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2017/01/f34/2017%20US%20Energy%20and%20Jobs%20Report_0.pdf
80. Ibid.
81. Benjamin Zycher, The Green New Deal: Economics and Policy Analytics, American Enterprise Institute, April 2019, http://www.aei.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/RPT-The-Green-New-Deal-5.5x8.5-FINAL.pdf
82. Office of U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, Green New Deal FAQ Sheet, February 7, 2019, https://www.heartland.org/_template-assets/documents/Green-New-Deal-FAQ-Fact-Sheet-Feb-7-2019.pdf
83. Ibid.
84. House Resolution 109, supra note 76.
85. See, for example, Global Carbon Project, “Global Carbon Atlas,” accessed September 21, 2019, http://www.globalcarbonatlas.org/en/CO2-emissions
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90. World Bank, Poverty & Equity Data Portal, “India,” accessed September 21, 2019, http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND
91. House Resolution 109, supra note 76.
92. Office of U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, supra note 82.
93. House Resolution 109, supra note 76.
94. Ibid.
95. Ibid.
96. Ibid.
97. Ibid.
98. Ibid.
99. Office of U.S. Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez, supra note 82.
100. Douglas Holtz-Eakin et al., The Green New Deal: Scope, Scale, and Implications, American Action Forum, February 25, 2019, https://www.americanactionforum.org/research/the-green-new-deal-scope-scale-and-implications
101. David Montgomery, “AOC’s Chief of Change,” Washington Post, July 10, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/magazine/wp/2019/07/10/feature/how-saikat-chakrabarti-became-aocs-chief-of-change
102. Mary Kay Linge and Jon Levine, “Feds Probing AOC’s Chief of Staff Saikat Chakrabarti After Sudden Resignation,” New York Post, August 3, 2019, https://nypost.com/2019/08/03/feds-probing-aocs-chief-of-staff-saikat-chakrabarti-after-sudden-resignation
103. Shawn Regan, “Socialism is Bad for the Environment,” National Review, May 16, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/magazine/2019/06/03/socialism-is-bad-for-the-environment
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105. Ibid.
106. Shawn Regan, supra note 103.
107. Greg Norman, “San Francisco Human Feces Map Shows Waste Blanketing the California City,” FoxNews.com, April 23, 2019, https://www.foxnews.com/us/san-francisco-map-shows-human-poop-complaints
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110. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, “The Origins of EPA,” epa.gov, accessed September 22, 2019, https://www.epa.gov/history/origins-epa
111. World Health Organization, “Ambient Air Quality: Exposure Country Average,” who.int, last updated May 16, 2018, accessed September 22, 2019, http://apps.who.int/gho/data/node.main.152?lang=en
112. Naomi Lim, “Yang Urges ‘Vast Majority’ of World to Go Vegetarian ‘Immediately’ for Climate,” Washington Examiner, September 4, 2019, https://www.washingtonexaminer.com/news/yang-urges-vast-majority-of-world-to-go-vegetarian-immediately-for-climate
113. Susan Jones, “Harris Would Change Dietary Guidelines, Food Labels, to Discourage Red Meat Consumption,” CNS News, September 5, 2019, https://www.cnsnews.com/news/article/susan-jones/harris-would-change-dietary-guidelines-food-labels-discourage-red-meat
114. Daily Caller, “Sanders on Being Pro-Choice and Climate Change,” September 4, 2019, https://youtu.be/gC8x27PzQ84, citing Bernie Sanders answering question at CNN’s “Climate Crisis Town Hall,” September 4, 2019.
115. Ian Schwartz, “Maher: ‘Falling Birth Rates Are A Good Thing’; World Is ‘Too Crowded,” Real Clear Politics, April 13, 2019, https://www.realclearpolitics.com/video/2019/04/13/maher_falling_birth_rates_are_a_good_thing_world_is_too_crowded.html
116. Jack Crowe, “AOC: ‘Is It Still Okay to Have Children’ in the Age of Climate Change,” National Review, February 25, 2019, https://www.nationalreview.com/news/aoc-is-it-still-ok-to-have-children-in-the-age-of-climate-change
117. Wes Siler, “I Got a Vasectomy Because of Climate Change,” Outside, November 21, 2019, https://www.outsideonline.com/2406087/pointless-cruelty-ticketing-cyclists
118. Damian Carrington, “Climate Crisis: 11,000 Scientists Warn of ‘Untold Suffering,’ ” The Guardian (U.K.), November 5, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2019/nov/05/climate-crisis-11000-scientists-warn-of-untold-suffering
119. William Ripple et al., “World Scientists’ Warning of a Climate Emergency,” BioScience, November 5, 2019, https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/advance-article/doi/10.1093/biosci/biz088/5610806
120. Colin Hickey, Travis Rieder, and Jake Earl, “Population Engineering and the Fight against Climate Change,” Social Theory and Practice, Volume 42, Issue 4, October 2016, https://www.academia.edu/19933914/Population_Engineering_and_the_Fight_against_Climate_Change

9. A BETTER WAY

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a Ed Krayewski, “Bernie Sanders: Don’t Need 23 Choices of Deodorant, 18 Choices of Sneakers When Kids Are Going Hungry,” Reason, May 26, 2015, https://reason.com/2015/05/26/bernie-sanders-dont-need-23-choices-of-d
b Johan Norberg, “Globalization’s Great Triumph: The Death of Extreme Poverty,” HumanProgress, October 15, 2018, https://humanprogress.org/article.php?p=1528
c World Bank, “Hong Kong, China: GDP per capita (current US$),” data.worldbank.org, accessed September 12, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CN-HK

1. See Charles Francis Adams, The Works of John Adams (Boston, MA: Little, Brown & Co., 1850–56). Quote made available online by the University of Chicago Press, http://press-pubs.uchicago.edu/founders/documents/v1ch16s15.html
2. History.com, “Spanish Flu,” updated February 22, 2019, https://www.history.com/topics/world-war-i/1918-flu-pandemic
3. Sam Staley, “The Rise and Fall of Indian Socialism,” Reason, June 2006, https://reason.com/2006/06/06/the-rise-and-fall-of-indian-so-2
4. World Bank, Poverty & Equity Data Portal, India, accessed September 12, 2019, http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND
5. World Bank, “India: GDP (current US$),” data.worldbank.org, accessed September 12, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=IN
6. Arthur C. Brooks, The Conservative Heart (New York, NY: Broadside Books, 2017), Kindle Edition, p. 112.
7. Zuraidah Ibrahim, “Lee Kuan Yew Was Ahead of the Curve when He Predicted China’s Emergence,” South China Morning Post, March 24, 2015, https://www.scmp.com/news/asia/article/1745715/lee-kuan-yew-was-ahead-curve-when-he-predicted-chinas-emergence
8. World Bank, “China: GDP (current US$),” data.worldbank.org, accessed September 12, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.MKTP.CD?locations=CN
9. The Heritage Foundation, 2019 Index of Economic Freedom, “China,” accessed September 12, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/index/country/china
10. The Heritage Foundation, 2019 Index of Economic Freedom, “Hong Kong,” accessed September 12, 2019, https://www.heritage.org/index/country/hongkong
11. Cato Institute, Fraser Institute, et al., Economic Freedom of the World: 2019 Annual Report, “Hong Kong,” 2019, https://www.cato.org/economic-freedom-world
12. The Heritage Foundation, supra note 10.
13. World Bank, “Hong Kong, China: GDP per capita (current US$),” data.worldbank.org, accessed September 12, 2019, https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GDP.PCAP.CD?locations=CN-HK
14. Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, Better Life Index, accessed August 10, 2019, www.oecdbetterlifeindex.org

1. SETTING THE STAGE

2. CAPITALISM: BABY OR BATHWATER?

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

3. IS SOCIALISM JUST “SHARING AND CARING”?

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4. SOCIALIST “UTOPIAS” & THEIR BLOODY HISTORY OF FAILURE

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5. SWEDISH-STYLE SOCIALISM

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6. BUILDING A 21ST CENTURY SOCIALIST PARADISE NIGHTMARE

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

7. SAINTS, SINNERS, & SOCIALISTS

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

8. ECO-SOCIALISM & CLIMATE CHANGE

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9. A BETTER WAY

GRAPHIC CALLOUTS

6. BUILDING A 21^ST CENTURY SOCIALIST PARADISE NIGHTMARE