actions (xingdong). See also collective action
activism: business in synergy with; for consumer rights; cultural/ social forms of; economic; social; urban vs. rural environmental See also citizen activism; online activism; transnational activism
Amnesty International
anti-discrimination movement; court cases filed in; diabetes patients; hepatitis-b carriers.
Appadurai, Arjun
April Fifth movement
Argentina
Armstrong, Elizabeth
artful contention
authoritarianism
authority. See public authorities
avian flu crisis
“Avian Flu Flash”
“babe fiction”
bafenzhai (Eight-cent)
Bakhtin, Mikhail: on heteroglossia of novel; on parody; on unitary language
“banned in China”
banzhu (forum hosts)
Barmé, Geremie
BBSs. See bulletin-board systems
Beijing: Internet capacity of organizations in; UN Conference on Women in Beijing; organizations in
Beijing University
belonging; identity movement and; in online communities
Benkler, Yochai, on social production
Bernstein, Mary
biography, transnational activism and
biopower
Bloch, Ernst
bloggers (bo’ke)
blogs; BBSs and; blog circles; as main channel of citizen reporters; Muzimei role in popularizing; number of active; on sex; as spaces of social production; traditional diaries and
“Bloody Case Caused by a Steamed Bun, A” (Hu Ge)
Bob, Clifford
bo’ke (bloggers)
boundary spanning
Bourdieu, Pierre
Brazil
“Brother Wanderer”
Brzezinski, Zbigniew
bulletin-board systems (BBSs); banzhu (forum hosts) to manage; Beijing University BBS; blogs and; China vs. North America; civic associations using; contention in; as earliest online communities; for “educated youth”; first use in universities of; as hotbed for contention; popularity of, compared to e-government sites; regulations for management of; sense of freedom on; shutdowns by authorities; social experiences from; by thematic category; top ten; Tulip BBS; Xi’an Jiaotong University BBS
Burt, Eleanor
business: activism in synergy with; contention and; on Internet promoting contention; online activism’s dimension of
business model
ca bianqiu (edge-ball)
Calhoun, Craig
campaign Web sites
caogen (grassroots) organizations
Carter, Jimmy
Castells, Manuel
CCP. See Chinese Communist Party
censorship; of China Development Brief; of publications about CR; SNF practices of; software supporting
Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims (CLAPV)
chaozuo (“stir frying”)
charity
Chen, Nancy
Chen Kaige
Chen Zhongshi
China Central Television (CCTV)
China Development Brief
China Internet Network Information Center (CNNIC)
China Internet Society
China News Digest (CND)
Chinese Association of Biochemists
Chinese Communist Party (CCP); information control by; as product of student movements
Chinese Economic System Reform Research Institute (SRI)
Chow, Kai-Wing
chuanlian (“linking up”)
citizen activism; accountability/transparency demanded in; civic associations as basis for; environmentalism as style of; Internet age; online activism as part of; participation in
citizen reporters (gongmin jizhe)
citizen rights (gongmin quan)
civic associations.; as basis for citizen activism; BBS use of; electronic newsletters of; e-mail use by; growth of, by year; home pages for; Howell on; ICTs adopted by; INGOs interaction with; Internet as resource for; Internet best uses for; Internet capacity of; Internet capacity/use patterns of older; Internet satisfaction of; Internet use in organizational activities of; IT use in; mass media used least frequently by; Minxin Pei on; network services most frequently used by; organizational age of; publicity for; recruitment for; search engine use by; Websites of
civil society (gongmin shehui); coevolution with online activism; debates about; new developments of; online communities supporting; organizations included in; technology relationship with
CLAPV. See Center for Legal Assistance to Pollution Victims
CND. See China News Digest
CNNIC. See China Internet Network Information Center
code
collective action; culture and; genres and; media role in
commercialization: of contention; of media; of sexuality
communication. See also polycentric communication networks
Communist Manifesto (Marx)
“communities of print”
community See also online communities
complex interdependence theory
consumerism
consumer rights
consumers
content
contention; after; artful; in BBSs; business and; changing styles of, producing social/political change; commercialization of; commercial Web sites responding to; culture and; digital vs. traditional; diversified forms of; expanded range of; forms of; Internet businesses promoting; marketization of; non-disruptive nature of popular; online activism and; online community as outcome of; protests and; Qiu Qingfeng death protest example of artful; Shanxi kiln case example of artful; social basis of; state power and; style reflecting contents of. See also digital contention; genres of digital contention
control; CCP exercising, over information flow; through code; of Internet; Internet treated as media for purpose of; of media by state; principles of Internet; resistance encountering, creating informational politics; SNF balancing freedom and; Yongnian Zheng on Internet. See also political issues
corporate social responsibility
corruption/power abuse
countermovement
court cases. See litigation
CR. See Cultural Revolution
Cui Jian
cultural form
cultural production
cultural revolution
Cultural Revolution, the (CR): censorship of publications about; Democracy Wall movement from disillusionment with; generation of; “linking up” in; virtual museums of
Cultural Revolution Research Net
cultural toolkit
culture; collective action and; consumer revolution; contention and; diaspora sharing; digital vs. traditional; as factor in multi-interactionism; of Internet; online; prosperity/control promoted in Internet; social production as feature of Chinese Internet; Swidler on; technology and. See also contention
cybernationalism
cyberseparatist Ugyurs
dahe wang (Great River Net)
dayou shi (doggerel)
deep reform
democracy; Habermas on; market and; online activism as expansion of grassroots; protests for; revolution for; Williams on
Democracy Wall movement; Cultural Revolution disillusionment leading to; as means of modernization; repression of; transnational activism in
demographics
Deng Xiaoping
determined technology
Dewey, John
diabetes patients
dial-up connections
diaomin (disobedient, shrewd people)
diaries
diaspora; biography/history as motivations for; dissident communities overseas; individuals from foreign countries; nonprofit Web-based organizations; shared cultural experience of; student associations in foreign universities; in transnational activism
digital contention; playful style of; prosaic style of. See also genres of digital contention
digital hidden transcripts
diguazhu (“Ground Melon Pig”)
disadvantaged social groups (ruoshi qunti)
discourse right (huayu quan)
discourse space (huayu kongjian)
disobedient people (diaomin)
dissent, bankable
dissidents
doggerel (dayou shi)
e-commerce
economic activism
economic production
edge-ball (ca bianqiu)
educated youth (zhiqing)
e-government
“Eight-cent” (bafenzhai)
Electronic Newsletter for Chinese Students (ENCS)
electronic newsletters
e-mail: civic associations using; in international organization/civic association interaction
emotions: and genres; mobilization of; in social movements.
“emperor-worship mentality”
ENCS. See Electronic Newsletter for Chinese Students
ENGOs. See environmental nongovernmental organizations
enlightenment
entrepreneur-activists
environment
environmental movement; litigation in; organizational base of; political change and; repertoire of; as style of citizen activism; as urban phenomenon
environmental nongovernmental organizations (ENGOs); first foundation of; Friends of Nature; Greener Beijing; Green Web; growth through Internet by; Han Hai Sha; Institute of Desert Green Engineering; proliferation of; Tibetan Antelope Information Center
Esherick, Joseph
exclamations
expertise
exploitation
Falun Gong; harsh punishments for supporting; strict censorship of discussion about; Yuezhi Zhao on
Fang Zhouzi
Feng Zhen
Fewsmith, Joseph
“fifty-cent party” (wu mao dang)
filters
“flaming”
flash guests (shanke)
Flash videos; “Avian Flu Flash” n.; flash guests (shanke); as genre of digital contention; The Rivers and Lakes of the Flash Creators; “Steamed Bun” most famous of
forbidden information
forced relocation
form. See contention, forms of; cultural form
forum hosts (banzhu)
freedom: BBSs providing sense of; images of, in online communities; longing for, in online communities; political; SNF balancing control and; social; of speech
Friends of Nature
Frye, Northrop
gan lan shu (Olive Tree)
gay/lesbian issues
“Generation Me”
genres; collective action and; media/rituals and; slow change in; speech
genres of digital contention; autobiographical; blogs; confessional; doggerel; Flash videos; parody; petition letters; poetry; satirical; verse; visual images
Geocities.com
geopolitics
Giddens, Anthony; on nation-states; on utopia
Global Greengrants Fund
globalization
Global Voices
Golden Road, The (Hao Ran)
gonggong lingyu (public sphere)
gongmin jizhe (citizen reporters)
gongmin quan (citizen rights)
gongmin shehui (civil society). See civil society
gongzhong canyu (public participation)
governance
government; e-government; governance and; Internet control as field for experimentation in; NGO separation from state/local. See also e-government
governmentality
grassroots organizations (caogen)
Great River Net (dahe wang)
Great Transformation, The (Polanyi)
Greener Beijing.
Greenpeace
Green-Web
grievances; in social movement theory
“Ground Melon Pig” (diguazhu)
Gulia, Milena
Gurak, Laura.
Habermas, Jürgen
hackers/dark guests (heike): e-mail hacked by; Min Dahong on attacks of
hactivism; entrepreneurial activities in; nationalistic protests using
Hamm, John
Han Hai Sha
Hao Ran
Hartford, Kathleen
heike (dark guests/hackers)
Henan
hepatitis-b carriers.
heteroglossia
hits
Hockx, Michel
home
homeowners
home pages
Hooper, Beverley
Howell, Jude
Hua xia wen zhai (online magazine)
huayu kongjian (discourse space)
huayu quan (discourse right)
Hu Ge
Hu Jia
Hulian wang Zhoukan (Internet weekly)
human rights
Human Rights in China
Human Rights Watch
humor; and style
ICPs. See Internet content providers
ICTs. See information and communication technologies
identity: collective; crisis in, as part of social dislocation; online activism as movement about; politics of; struggles for, exemplified in Ming case; Taylor on crisis in; yearning for, translated into communication
images; of freedom in online community; of home in online communities; of martial arts in online communities
impeachment
incidents on Internet (wangluo shijian); on commercial Web sites; demonstrations against Indonesian atrocities; issues in; less frequency of, outsideof China; “nailhouse incident”; PX incident; Qiu Qingfeng death protest; “selling my body to save mom” case (mai shen jiu mu); Shanxi kiln case; South China tiger incident. See also Internet incidents
independent-party formation
Indonesian atrocities
information: age, linguistic resources for; disclosure acts; forbidden; revolution
information and communication technologies (ICTs)
information technology (IT) See also technology
INGOs. See international nongovernmental organizations
Institute of Desert Green Engineering
intellectual traditionalism
international nongovernmental organizations (INGOs); Amnesty International; China Development Brief; globalization and; inside China; NGOs in information pathway with; online activism supported by; outside China
international nonstate activists
international organizations
Internet: autobiographies; best uses of for civic associations; businesses on, promoting contention; business vs. nonbusiness use of; cafes; capacity by organizational type, location, age; capacity in developed/developing nations; capacity of civic associations; capacity of organizations in Beijing with; capacity of younger vs. older organizations on; capacity/use patterns of older civic associations on; charity on; civic associations use of, in organization; consumers as producers; control of; ENGOs growing through; forbidden information in interactive functions of; grassroots organizations capacity/use of; social history of
Internet commentators (wangluo pinglun yuan)
Internet content providers (ICPs)
Internet incidents (wangluo shijian)
Internet pushing hands (wangluo tuishou)
Internet service providers (ISPs)
irreverence
ISPs. See Internet service providers
issue multiplication
issue opportunity
issue resonance
issue-specific political opportunity
IT. See information technology
Jameson, Frederic
jianghu (“Rivers and Lakes”)
Jiang Qing
jiceng (infrastructure)
jingles
Jin Guanren
Judge, Joan
June Fourth movement
justice: images of; Internet debate over; longing for, in online communities; yearnings for, translated into communication
Keck, Margaret
Keohane, Robert
keywords
knights-errant (xia)
Kraus, Richard
labor movement
language
Latham, Robert
Lean, Eugenia
Lee, Ching Kwan
“leisure walk” (san bu)
Lessig, Lawrence
Liao Xiaoyi
liberalization.
life politics
Li, Lianjiang
linguistics
Link, Perry
linkage agents
“linking up” (chuanlian)
litigation
Liu, Xin
Liu Di (Stainless Steel Mouse)
Liu Huaqin
Liu Xiaobo
Liu Xinwu
local state corporatism.
Long Live Mao Zedong Thought
Lu Xing’er
mai shen jiu mu (“selling my body to save mom”)
market; democratization and; as external condition faced by state; online activism and; reform of, degrading environment
marketing
marketization
martial arts
martyrdom
Marx, Karl
mass incidents (qunti shijian)
materialism
May Fourth movement; merchant support for; origins of transnational activism in
McDougall, Bonnie
media; Castells on electronic; Chinese people as skilled actors in; civic associations’ infrequent employment of mass; commercialization of; content and; genres/rituals and; Internet treated as, for purpose of control; role of, in collective action; Schudson on power of; South China tiger incident as national event for; state control of; television vs. print
mediated forms
Melucci, Alberto
Mexico
MII. See Ministry of Information Industry
Min Dahong
Ministry of Information Industry (MII)
Ministry of Public Security
minjian (unofficial) organizations
“misty poetry” movement
Mittler, Barbara
mnemonic forms
mobilization: and action repertoires; of emotions; of resources; in social movement theory
mockery
moderation
modernity: Chinese vs. Western; online activism as response to
modernization
monitoring of
moral support (shengyuan)
moral values
motherhood. See single motherhood
muckraking
multi-institutional politics
multi-interactionism; and complex interdependence; culture as factor in; transnationalism as part of
Muzimei
“nailhouse incident”
Nathan, Andrew
nationalism
nation-states
NATO bombing
Netease
netizens (wang min); filters circumvented by; Ming case debated by; as skilled social actors
networking
network services
New May Fourth Manifesto
New Media (wangluo chuanbo)
news
newsgroups
New Social Movements (NSMs)
News Office of the State Council
New Threads (xin yu si)
NGOs. See nongovernmental organizations
nongovernmental organizations (NGOs); greater separation from state/local government in; Howell on influence of international; INGOs in information pathway with
nonprofit organizations (NPOs)
nonproprietary social production
NPOs. See nonprofit organizations
NSMs. See New Social Movements
Nye, Joseph
O’Brien, Kevin
offline communities
offline space
Olive Tree (gan lan shu)
1kg.org
one-party rule
online activism; business dimension of; businesses manipulating; business model of; characteristics of; citizen activism and; civil society and; control of Internet and; as countermovement; cultural production through; as cultural revolution; demographics of; as expansion of grassroots democracy;of Hu Jia; as identity movement; identity struggles in; individuals staging; INGOs supporting; innovative rituals in; issue multiplication in; of Liu Xiaobo; market and; modest goals of; new style of; organizational dimension of; political tolerability; prevalence of; propaganda eroded by; “Protest Forum” popularizing; public resonance of main issues of; reasons for rise of; as response to modernity; spontaneity of; state power relationship to; student movement as precursor to; traditional/innovative aspects of; transnational activism as critical link to; transnationalism and. See also protests
online charity
online communities; BBS forums as earliest; civil society supported by; development of; features of; Gulia on; Hockx on; images of freedom in; images of home in; images of martial arts in; Latham on.; Liu Di on; Liu Huaqin on; longing for belonging, freedom, justice in; offline communities and; Sassen on; sense of home in; significance of values represented in; significant scale of; top ten; utopian vision in; Wellman on
online guerilla war
online magazines
online rights defense (wangluo weiquan)
online signature petitions
oppression
organizational activities
organizational creativity
organizational dimension
organizations: with bare-bones Internet capacity; in Beijing; civil-society; of civil society; e-mail with international; grassroots; Howell on, for marginalized groups; ICT adoption by civic; international; international, interacting through Internet with civic associations; Internet capacity of, in Beijing; minjian (unofficial); nonprofit; nonprofit Web-based; for social-change; younger. See also civic associations; environmental nongovernmental organizations; nongovernmental organizations (NGOs)
Pan Xiao
parody
party supremacy
Peace Charter Movement
peace movement
Pei, Minxin
Perry, Elizabeth: on authoritarianism; on challenge to authority; on Chinese political culture; on state rituals/official rhetoric; on state-society relations
personal history, and activism
personal Web pages
petitions
playfulness; of creating tension with power
poetry
Polanyi, Karl
police brutality
political control as obstacle to better use of
political culture
political issues: control; freedom; geopolitics; Internet control; tolerability of online activism
political liberalization and
politics: changing styles of contention producing change in; of environmentalism; global; information, created by encounters between resistance /control; multi-institutional politics; political opportunity structures; political-process theory; political tolerability of online activism; symbolic; Tianjian Shi on political acts
polycentric communication networks
popular nationalism
Poster, Mark
power. See also state power
Principle of Hope, The (Bloch)
principles for control of
print capitalism
privacy
production. See also social production
projects (xiangmu)
Promise, The (Chen Kaige)
propaganda; online activism eroding; Shambaugh on
prosperity/control promoted in culture of
protests; democracy as center of, n.; epic style for popular; hactivism used in protests for; multiplication of, diversification in; against NATO bombing; newsgroups role in student; online, regarding Beijing University student; over murder of Qiu Qingfeng; “Protest Forum”; Qiu Qingfeng, as example of artful contention; qunti shijian (mass incidents)n.; rural vs. urbann.
public authorities: BBSs shutdown by; intervention by, for security violations; Perry on challenge to
publicity
public participation (gongzhong canyu)
public resonance
publics
public sphere (gonggong lingyu)
public sympathy
PX incident
qiangguo luntan. See Strengthening the Nation forum
Qigong
Qin Zhongfei
Qiu Qingfeng
qunti shijian (mass incidents)
radical behaviour
radicalization
Rainwater, Janette
rally on
real estate
recognition. See also identity
Records of the Grand Historian (SimaQian)
recruitment
Red Guard movement
Reed, Christopher
regulations: for BBS management; to control Internet; for ICPs; Yongnian Zheng on Internet
repertoire: of collective action; of (collective) contention
Reporters Without Borders
repression: of Democracy Wall movement; of human-rights activists; of student movement
resistance: control encountering, creating informational politics; power and; rightful
“response to news” function (xinwen gentie)
revolution: in communication; in culture; for democracy; epic style of; in information; in society. See also Cultural Revolution
rhetoric; Gurak on.; Perry on official; single-word exclamations in.
rightful resistance
rights defense; campaign Websites for; Wang Hai brand name among Web sites for
rights protection (wei quan)
right to know (zhiqing quan)
rituals; blogs; campaign Web sites; cultural toolkit; hactivism; innovative, in online activism; inversion of state; “linking up” (chuanlian); media/genres and; online signature petitions; Perry on state; persistence of traditional; text messaging; verbal
River Elegy (TV documentary)
“Rivers and Lakes” (jianghu)
Rivers and Lakes of the Flash Creators, The
rock-and-roll music
Rongshu xia (Under the Banyan Tree)
rouxing guanli (soft-control approach)
ruoshi qunti (disadvantaged social groups)
san bu (leisure walk)
Sassen, Saskia
satire
SCC. See Social Culture China
Schudson, Michael
Scott, James
search engines
secret online meetings
security violations
self-help manuals
self-publishing
Self-Therapy: A Guide to Becoming Your Own Therapist (Rainwater)
“selling my body to save mom” case (mai shen jiu mu); as case on online activism; challenge to story of
SEPA. See State Environmental Protection Administration
sex blog
sexuality
Shaanxi Forest Bureau
Shambaugh, David
shanke (flash guests)
Shanxi
Shanxi kiln case
Shenbao (Mittler)
shengyuan (moral support)
Shi, Tianjian
short message service (SMS)
Shuimu Tsinghua (SMTH)
Sikkink, Kathryn
Sima Qian
Sina.com
single motherhood
Sisnet
“Sister Celestial Goddess” (tianxian meimei)
slave labor
sloganeering
SMS. See short message service
SMTH. See Shuimu Tsinghua
SNF. See Strengthening the Nation forum
social actors
Social Culture China (SCC)
social formations
social issues: activism on; assistance for weak/poor; communication revolution rooted in social conditions; contention; corporate social responsibility; debates about; disadvantaged social groups (ruoshi qunti); freedom; friendships formed on BBS forums; identity crisis; material interests and; organizations to promote change in; recognition; revolution
socialist welfare system
social movements: anti-discrimination movement; April Fifth movement; CCP as product of student movements; countermovement; Democracy Wall movement; environmental movement; about identity; importance of style in understanding; June Fourth movement; labor movement; May Fourth movement; Melucci on; “misty poetry” movement; NSMs; Peace Charter Movement.; peace movement; Polanyi on, as countermovement; print capitalism and; Red Guard movement; revolutionary movements; student movements; verse in
social production; Benkler on; blogs as spaces of; economic production and; e-government/e-commerce rate of growth compared to; as feature of Chinese Internet culture from beginning; Internet development and
soft-control approach (rouxing guanli)
software
solidarity
South China tiger incident
space
speech
spontaneity
SRI. See Chinese Economic System Reform Research Institute
“Stainless Steel Mouse.” See Liu Di
state: consumer rights supported by; Perry on relations between society and; popular nationalism not given free rein by; societies relationship with. See also nation-states; state power
state-corporatist framework
State Environmental Protection Administration (SEPA)
state power; changing forms of; Ching Kwan Lee on; contention and; Giddens on; online activism relationship to; since
Steinberg, Marc
“stir frying” (chaozuo)
street theater
Strengthening the Nation forum (qiangguo luntan, SNF); censorship practices of; content on; as example of popular enthusiasm for online discussion; freedom vs. control on; launched in response to NATO bombing
structures of feeling
student associations
student movement
style; changes in, reflecting/producing political change; of contention reflecting contents; digital contention’s playful; digital contention’s prosaic; environmentalism as, of citizen activism; environmental movement’s plain, reasoned; epic, for popular protest; epic, for revolutionary movements; from epic to prosaic; importance of, in understanding social movements; online activism’s new; slow change in; technology influencing
Sunstein, Cass
Sun Zhigang
surveillance
Swidler, Ann
symbolic expressions
symbolic politics
TAIC. See Tibetan Antelope Information Center
Tarrow, Sidney
Taylor, Charles
technological determinism
technology; civil society relationship with; culture and; determined technology; in online activism; style influenced by. See also information technology
telephones
television
text messaging
Thompson, John
tianxian meimei (Sister Celestial Goddess)
Tianya.cn
Tibetan Antelope Information Center (TAIC)
Tibetan exile community
Tilly, Charles
traditionalism
transnational activism; causes of; as critical link in online activism; in Democracy Wall movement; diaspora in; among dissidents; on human-rights issues; inside China; international nonstate activists in; in May Fourth movement; radical behavior in; radicalization and; Tarrow on
transnational collaboration
transnationalism; competence in; of human-rights activists; online activism and
transparency
trust
Tulip BBS
Tunnel (Sui Dao)
UN Conference on Women in Beijing
unitary language
urban environmental activism.
urban homeowners
urban middle-class issues
Urban Spaces in Contemporary China
Uruguay
utopia: Giddens on; impulse towards; Jameson on; in social practice; vision of, in online communities
verse
VIP Reference
virtual ethnography
Virtual Museum of the Cultural Revolution
virtual museums
visual images
voluntary associations
vulnerable persons
wall posters
Wang, Jing
Wang, Shaoguang
Wang Hai
wangluo chuanbo (New Media)
wangluo jianghu you (Internet novel)
wangluo pinglun yuan (Internet commentators)
wangluo shijian (Internet incidents). See incidents on Internet
wangluo tuishou (Internet pushing hands)
wangluo weiquan (online rights defense)
wangluo yuyan baoli (internet verbal violence)
wang min. See netizens
Wang Shuo
Wang Xiaoni
Wang Zhidong
Wasserstrom, Jeffrey
Web sites
wei quan (rights protection)
Wei Wenhua
Wellman, Barry
Wikipedia project
Williams, Raymond; on cultural forms relating to social systems; on democracy; on social formations; on structures of feeling; on television
Wilson, Ernest, III
World Huaren Federation
wu mao dang (“fifty-cent party”)
xia (knights-errant)
xiangmu (projects)
Xi’an Jiaotong University BBS
xingdong (actions)
xinwen gentie (“response to news” function)
Yang, Mayfair
Yitahutu (BBS)
Yu Dan
Zhang, Li
Zhang, Xudong
Zhang Xianzhu
Zhao, Yuezhi
Zhao Ziyang
Zheng, Yongnian
zhiqing (educated youth)
zhiqing quan (right to know)
Zhou, Kate
Zhou, Shuguang (Zola)
Zhou Enlai
Zhou Zhenglong
Zou Tao (blogger)