List of illustrations

1 The women’s dining room, St Pancras Workhouse, London (1897)

Getty Images/Hulton Archive

2 ‘The dawn of hope’. National Insurance against sickness and disablement, Liberal Publication Department (1911)

3 The diffusion of income maintenance programmes

From H. Heclo, Modern Social Politics in Britain and Sweden. With permission from ECPR Press

4 Soup kitchen in Chicago during the Great Depression (1930)

Getty Images/Rolls Press, Popperfoto

5 ‘Here’s to the brave new world’. Cartoon by Illingsworth, Daily Mail, 2 Dec. 1942

6 ‘Full employment in a free society’, by William Beveridge (1944)

Marco Simola/Photographers Direct

7 ‘More security for the American family’. Social Security Board poster (1939)

Mary Evans/Everett Collection

8 Gross public and net total social spending, as percentage of GDP, at market prices, 2009/10

Data taken from OECD, Social Expenditure database (SOCX) <http://www.oecd.org/social/expenditure.htm>, 2009/10

9 Percentages of Population in Eight Countries with Disposable Incomes Less than 1/2 the National Median

Chart based on ‘Public Policy, Economic Inequality, and Poverty: The United States in Comparative Perspective,’ by Timothy M. Smeeding in 89 Social Science Quarterly 955 (2005)

10 Striking miners and police during the 1984–5 British miners’ strike, Bilsten Glen Colliery, Scotland

Tophams/TophamPicturepoint/Press Association Images

11 Average number of capital controls for fifteen OECD countries

From Continuity and Change in Contemporary Capitalism, edited by H. Kitschelt, P. Lange, and J. Stephens. With permission from Cambridge University Press

12 Income share (excluding capital gains) of the top 1 per cent in affluent democracies

From P. Pierson, ‘Welfare State Reform Over the (Very) Long Term’ <http://www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2010/20101109t1730vOT.aspx>

13 Standard pension benefit, 1971–2002, in social democratic, conservative, and liberal regimes

From P. Pierson, ‘Welfare State Reform Over the (Very) Long Term’ <http://www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2010/20101109t1730vOT.aspx>

14 Sickness benefit, 1971–2002, in social democratic, conservative, and liberal regimes

From P. Pierson, ‘Welfare State Reform Over the (Very) Long Term’ <http://www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2010/20101109t1730vOT.aspx>

15 Unemployment benefit, 1971–2002, in social democratic, conservative, and liberal regimes

From P. Pierson, ‘Welfare State Reform Over the (Very) Long Term’ <http://www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2010/20101109t1730vOT.aspx>

16 Union density, OECD, 1960–2008

From P. Pierson, ‘Welfare State Reform Over the (Very) Long Term’ <http://www.lse.ac.uk/publicEvents/events/2010/20101109t1730vOT.aspx>