1 ‘Inside Buddy Adler’, Screen Producers Guild Journal vol. 2 no. 12 (1954), pp. 2–4.
2 Archer Winsten, ‘From Here to Eternity Bows at Capitol with Huge Cast, Five Starring Roles’, New York Times, 6 August 1953.
3 Variety’s figures cover only US and Canadian rentals. Since Columbia Pictures studio records no longer exist, it is impossible to gauge its foreign earnings. The film was second at the box office in 1953, outdistanced only by The Robe.
4 ‘Censored’, Look, 25 August 1953; ‘The Love Scene You’ll Talk About’, Picturegoer, 14 November 1953; Helen Itria, ‘Burt Lancaster: The Story of a Hard Man’, Look vol. 17 no. 21, 20 October 1953, pp. 94–5; Fred Zinnemann, An Autobiography (London: Bloomsbury, 1992), p. 125; ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’ (Beverley Hills, CA: AMPAS, 2001), p. 120; Roger Ebert, ‘100 Great Movie Moments’, Chicago Sun-Times, 23 April 1995.
5 Fred Zinnemann, An Autobiography, p. 119; see also Fred Zinnemann quoted in Gordon Gow, ‘Individualism against Machinery’ [1976], in Gabriel Miller (ed.), Fred Zinnemann Interviews (Jackson: University Press of Mississippi, 2004), p. 59.
6 Peter Biskind, Seeing Is Believing: How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Fifties (London: Pluto Press, 1983); Jane Hendler, Best-Sellers and Their Film Adaptations in Postwar America (New York: Peter Lang, 2001), pp. 31–2; Stephen J. Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996); Rebecca Bell-Metereau, ‘1953: Movies and Our Secret Lives’, in Murray Pomerance (ed.), American Cinema in the 1950s: Themes and Variations (New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 2005), pp. 89–110.
7 Michael Korda, Making the List: A Cultural History of the American Best Seller (New York: Barnes & Noble, 2001).
8 Burroughs Mitchell to James Jones, 29 November 1950, box 36, folder 536, Jones Papers, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University, New Haven, CT.
9 New York Times, 6 November 1951; Variety, occasionally known to inflate things, gave the figure as $85,000 (5 March 1951).
10 Bob Thomas, King Cohn: The Life and Times of Hollywood Mogul Harry Cohn (New York: New Millennium Press, 1967), p. 303.
11 Norman Mailer to Burroughs Mitchell, 21 December 1950, Selected Letters of Norman Mailer, ed. J. Michael Lennon (New York: Random House, 2014), p. 75.
12 James Jones, From Here to Eternity (New York: Scribners, 1951), p. 47.
13 Ibid., pp. 9, 17.
14 ‘Books of the Times’, New York Times, 26 February 1951. See also ‘From Here to Eternity Banned in Three Cities’, Publisher’s Weekly, 24 March 1951.
15 Burroughs Mitchell to James Jones, 26 April 1950, box 36, folder 538; Jones to Mitchell, December 1950, box 36, folder 537, Jones Papers.
16 Ibid.
17 Alison Flood, ‘Censored Gay Sex Scenes in From Here to Eternity Revealed’, Guardian, 13 November 2009.
18 Ray Bell to Harry Cohn, 13 March 1951, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers.
19 Frank Dorn to Columbia Pictures, 31 March 1951, box 36, folder 342, Jones Papers, and Comments and References, Department of Defense Files, RG 33, entry 141, box 705, National Archives, College Park, MD.
20 Bell to Cohn, 13 March 1951, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers; Report on From Here to Eternity, 20 March 1951, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers; E. P. Hogan, Notes on From Here to Eternity, 22 March 1951, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers.
21 Harry Cohn to James Jones, 29 June 1951, box 34, folder 490, Jones Papers.
22 M. A. Schmidt, ‘On the Elevation of Mr. Adler’, New York Times, 27 September 1953, Adler clippings, AMPAS.
23 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 216.
24 Ibid., pp. 209–10.
25 Ibid.
26 Ibid.
27 Ibid., p. 211. And not just any agent: Zinnemann’s was Abe Lastfogel, President of the William Morris Agency.
28 Story Conference between Kruger and Sylvan Simon, 13 March 1951, box 343, folder 349, Jones Papers.
29 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 194.
30 Ibid.
31 Ibid.
32 Taradash, From Here to Eternity Notions, box 40, folder 7, Taradash Papers, American Heritage Center, Laramie, WY.
33 Ibid.
34 Whitfield, The Culture of the Cold War, p. 63.
35 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 214.
36 Dorn to Columbia Pictures, 31 March 1951, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers; Comments and References, Department of Defense Files, RG 330, entry 141, box 705, National Archives; Clair Towne, Undated Comments on From Here to Eternity, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers.
37‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 214.
38 Ibid., p. 217.
39 Ned Brown (MCA) to James Jones, 17 March 1952 and Brown to Jones, 26 December 1952, box 36, folder 526, Jones Papers.
40 James Jones to Ned Brown, 29 April 1952, box 36, folder 526, Jones Papers.
41 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 222.
42 Fred Zinnemann to Harry Cohn, undated, box 28, folder 360, Fred Zinnemann Papers, AMPAS.
43 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 222.
44 Ibid.
45 Fred Zinnemann, ‘Notes on From Here to Eternity’, 30 September 1952, 10pp, 6, box 28, folder 360, Zinnemann Papers; ibid., white note attached to back of notes.
46 Ibid.
47 Fred Zinnemann, ‘Further Notes on From Here to Eternity’, 23 October 1952, 2pp, back page of notes; Zinnemann, ‘Notes on From Here to Eternity’, 30 September 1952, p. 9.
48 Boyd Martin to Fred Zinnemann, 10 November 1952 and Fred Zinnemann to Barea College President, 12 November 1952, Box 28, folder 346, Zinnemann Papers.
49 Zinnemann, An Autobiography, pp. 112–23.
50 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 267.
51 Fred Zinnemann quoted in Michael Buckley, ‘Fred Zinnemann: An Interview’ [1983], in Miller, Fred Zinnemann Interviews, p. 91; Zinnemann, An Autobiography, pp. 121–2.
52 Ibid.
53 Montgomery Clift to Fred Zinnemann, undated, box 102, folder 41, Zinnemann Papers.
54 Hedda Hopper, ‘Elusive Monty Clift Is Purist about Work’, Los Angeles Times, 9 August 1953.
55 Zinnemann, An Autobiography, p. 123.
56 Shooting schedule, production no. 1271, 15pp, Zinnemann Papers.
57 Zinnemann, An Autobiography, p. 124.
58 ‘From Here to Eternity’, Colliers, 7 August 1953, pp. 28–9.
59 Martin to Zinnemann, 10 November 1952 and Zinnemann to Barea College President, 12 November 1952, box 28, folder 346, Zinnemann Papers.
60 Fred Zinnemann, Notes removed from From Here to Eternity Shooting Script, box 28, folder 362, AMPAS.
61 Patricia Bosworth, Montgomery Clift: A Biography (New York: Limelight, 1978), p. 25.
62 Kate Buford, Lancaster: An American Life (New York: Knopf, 2000), Fred Zinnbemann Interviews, p. 128.
63 Ibid., p. 129.
64 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 212.
65 Zinnemann, quoted in Miller, Fred Zinnemann Interviews, p. 91.
66 ‘A New Role for Deborah Kerr’, Woman’s Own, 12 November 1953.
67 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 271
68 Turner’s frontier thesis was first delivered in 1893, the year the US government annexed Hawaii, the future site of Schofield Barracks and the location of the Pacific fleet (Frederick Jackson Turner, ‘The Significance of the Frontier in American History’ [1893], in The Frontier in American History (New York: Henry Holt & Co., 1921), pp. 1–38).
69 National Centre for Health Statistics, Marriage and Divorce Statistics United States, 1867–1967, Series 21, Number 24, December 1973, http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/series/sr_21/sr21_024.pdf.
70 Susan Douglas, Where the Girls Are: Growing Up Female with the Media (New York: Times Books, 1995).
71 Lt. Col. E. P. Hogan on 22 March 1951, 3pp, box 28, folder 342, Jones Papers.
72 Beth Bailey and David Farber, The First Strange Place: Race and Sex in World War II Hawaii (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992).
73 More recent early drafts of the novel reveal that Jones had intended a more forceful discussion of gay relationships in the military.
74 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, pp. 227, 228.
75 Ibid., p. 219.
76 Ibid.
77 Zinnemann to Harry Cohn, 18 June 1953, box 27, folder 353, Zinnemann Papers.
78 Charles Denton, ‘A Good Girl Makes Good: Donna Reed’, Los Angeles Examiner, TV Weekly, 12 March 1961.
79 Archer Winsten, ‘Reviewing Stand’, New York Post, 2 August 1953, clipping, box 28, folder 344, Zinnemann Papers.
80 Paramount publicity (1954), Donna Reed clippings, AMPAS.
81 Denton, ‘A Good Girl Makes Good’, pp. 3, 6. Reed may have risked typecasting had she starred in Buddy Adler’s The Revolt of Mamie Stover (1956). The story of a wartime Honolulu prostitute and real estate speculator has clear resonances with Lorene’s experience in From Here to Eternity.
82 Ibid.
83 Borgnine was cast by Max Arnow, and would go on to star in the Academy Award-wining Marty for Burt Lancaster’s production company in 1955.
84 Notes, removed from final shooting script, box 28, folder 362, Zinnemann Papers.
85 J. Crow, ‘Notes on First Estimating Draft’, annotated by Fred Zinnemann, 23 December 1952, 5pp, 2, box 28, folder 358, Zinnemann Papers.
86 Zinnemann, ‘Notes on From Here to Eternity’, 30 September 1952, p. 4, box 28, folder 360, Zinnemann Papers.
87 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 236. Clift’s bugling is dubbed by Manny Klein.
88 Daniel Taradash, ‘I Remember Him Well’, p. 4, box 2, folder 32, Taradash Papers.
89 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 227.
90 Ibid., p. 224.
91 Michael Freedland, All the Way: A Biography of Frank Sinatra (London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1997), p. 97.
92 Mari Sandoz, Cheyenne Autumn (New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1953). See also Suzanne Clark, Cold Warriors: Manliness on Trial in the Rhetoric of the West (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000) and Brendan C. Lindsay, Murder State: California’s Native American Genocide, 1846–1873 (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2015).
93 Zinnemann, An Autobiography, pp. 130–1. Taradash’s version in his oral history is incorrect, due largely to the fact that he wasn’t present at the event or while the cast and crew were in Hawaii.
94 Ibid.
95 Zinnemann, cutting notes to use this scene, 14 May 1953, box 27, folder 353, Zinnemann Papers.
96 Daniel Taradash, From Here to Eternity, 1st Estimating Script, 17 December 1952, p. 104, box 11, folder 1, Montgomery Clift Papers, T-Mss 1967-006.
97 Zinnemann, ‘Notes on From Here to Eternity (Odds and Ends)’, 25 October 1952, 5pp, p. 4.
98 Manny Farber, ‘From Here to Eternity’, Nation, 29 August 1953, p. 178.
99 Clift to Zinnemann, undated, box 27, folder 340, Zinnemann Papers.
100 Also noted briefly by Leonard Leff and Jerold Simmons, The Dame in the Kimono (London: Weidenfeld & Nicholson, 1990), p. 188.
101 Fred Zinnemann to Harry Cohn, 29 May 1953, box 27, folder 353, Zinnemann Papers.
102 Zinnemann, ‘Notes on From Here to Eternity (Odds and Ends)’.
103 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 257. ‘Meshugah’ means ‘crazy’ in Yiddish.
104 Bailey and Farber, The First Strange Place; Allan Bérubé, Coming Out under Fire: The History of Gay Men and Women in World War II (New York: Penguin, 1990); Emily Rosenberg, A Date Which Will Live: Pearl Harbor in American Memory (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2003).
105 New York World Telegram, editorial, 3 September 1953. See also ‘Navy Bans Two Films: Moon and Eternity’, reprint from Daily News Los Angeles, 29 August 1953.
106 Edwin Schallert, ‘From Here to Eternity Blasts Viewers with Atomic Power’, Los Angeles Times, 1 October 1953, p. B11.
107 Jesse Zunser, ‘From Here to Eternity’, Cue, 8 August 1953, p. 16.
108 Farber, ‘From Here to Eternity’.
109 Variety, 29 July 1953; Hollywood Reporter, 29 July 1953.
110 Gerhard Schulz-Rehden, ‘Verdammt in alle Ewigkeit’, Norddeutsche Zeitung, 10 April 1954; MH, ‘US–Barras im Scheinwerferlicht’, Hamburger Echo, 6 February 1954, box 28, folder 342, Zinnemann Papers.
111 Motion Picture Daily, 29 July 1953.
112 A West End Whinger, 18 October 2013, http://westendwhingers.wordpress.com/2013/10/18/reviewfrom-here-to-eternity-shaftesburytheatre/.
113 A. O. Scott, ‘War Is Hell, But Very Pretty’, New York Times, 25 May 2001.
114Kenneth Turan, ‘Eternity Is, Quite Simply, Timeless’, Los Angeles Times, 5 December 2003.
115 Joe Morgenstern, ‘Worldly Wisdom’, Wall Street Journal, 13 May 2006.
116 ‘An Oral History with Daniel Taradash’, p. 208.
117 Thomas, King Cohn, p. 310.
118 Taradash, ‘I Remember Him Well’, pp. 3, 5, Taradash Papers.
119 Ibid.
120 Bob Thomas, ‘Studio Boss Is Indeed a Buddy’, Adler Clippings, AMPAS.
121 Howard McClay, ‘Buddy Adler’, Los Angeles Daily News, 2 October 1952, Adler Clippings.
122 ‘Inside Buddy Adler’, p. 2.
123 Frank Daugherty, ‘Buddy Adler, Exhibitor-Producer’, New York Times, 16 April 1950.
124 Bob Thomas, ‘Adler Passing Mourned by All in Film Business’, Mirror-News, 3 September 1960.
125 Hal Boyle, ‘Writer No Longer Low Man of Films, Says Taradash’, Mirror-News, 7 January 1959.