NEWSPAPERS
Cleveland (Ohio) Gazette, March/April 1894
The Crusader (New Orleans), 1891–96
Daily Picayune, 1892, 1894, 1896, 1898, 1900
New Orleans Tribune, 1864–68, 1869–70
New York Times, 1946–90
ARCHIVES
Biography—Duckett, Alfred A. 2004. In Contemporary Authors (Biography), Thomas Gale, http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/B0007SBDW4/ref=ml_bd/102-8738840-8646560 (accessed July 17, 2005).
Brooklyn Eagle Morgue. In Brooklyn Collection, Brooklyn Public Library. Brooklyn, NY, 1938–45.
Chandler Brossard Correspondence. In James Laughlin Collection. Houghton Library, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA.
Compiled Military Service Records, Civil War. In National Archives. Washington, DC.
Compiled Service of Military Units in Volunteer Union Organizations, M-594. In National Archives. Washington, DC.
Family Note Cards [Bertha Neff]. Covington Courthouse, Covington, LA.
“History of the 167th Port Co.” In War Department Records Branch, A.G.O. College Park, MD, 1944–46.
“Remarks of Lt. Gov. Oscar J. Dunn.” In A. P. Tureaud Collection, The Amistad Research Center. New Orleans, LA.
BOOKS, ARTICLES, AND VIDEO RECORDINGS
Adelman, Larry. Race: The Power of an Illusion. Video recording. San Francisco: Independent Television Service, 2003.
Anger, Natalie. “Do Races Differ? Not Really.” New York Times, August 22, 2000.
Anthony, Arthé Agnes. “The Negro Creole Community in New Orleans, 1880–1920: An Oral History.” PhD diss., University of California, Irvine, 1978.
Baker, Liva. The Second Battle of New Orleans. New York: HarperCollins, 1996.
Basler, Roy Prentice, and Christian O. Basler. The Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1990.
Bell, Caryn Cossé. Revolution, Romanticism, and the Afro-Creole Protest Tradition in Louisiana, 1718–1868. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1997.
Berlin, Ira. Slaves Without Masters: The Free Negro in the Antebellum South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1981.
Blassingame, John W. Black New Orleans, 1860–1880. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1973.
Braman, Donald. “Of Race and Immutability.” UCLA Law Review 46 (1999): 1375.
Brasseaux, Carl A., Glenn R. Conrad, and David Cheramie. The Road to Louisiana: The Saint-Domingue Refugees, 1792–1809. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Southwestern Louisiana, 1992.
Brossard, Chandler. “Letter to the Editor: Wake Up, We’re Almost There,” New York Times Book Review, May 2, 1971.
———. “Plaint of a Gentile Intellectual.” Commentary, May 1950: 154–56.
———. Who Walk in Darkness. London: John Lehmann, 1952.
———. Who Walk in Darkness. 1st Herodias Classics ed. New York: Herodias, 2000.
Broyard, Anatole. “American Sexual Imperialism.” Neurotica, Autumn 1950, 36–40.
———. “Anecdotes from the Hospital.” Atlantic Monthly, September 1982, 81–86.
———. Aroused by Books. New York: Random House, 1974.
———. “For He’s a Jolly Good Fellow.” In New World Writing, Tenth Mentor Selection. New York: New American Library, 1956.
———. Intoxicated by My Illness: And Other Writings on Life and Death. New York: Clarkson Potter, 1992.
———. Kafka Was the Rage: A Greenwich Village Memoir. 1st Vintage Books ed. New York: Vintage Books, 1997.
———. “Letter to the Editor.” New York Times Book Review, May 2, 1971.
———. “Mambo.” Neurotica, Spring 1950: 29–30.
———. Men, Women, and Other Anticlimaxes. New York: Methuen, 1980.
———. “Portrait of the Inauthentic Negro.” Commentary, July 1950: 56–64.
———. “Summer Madness.” In Summer, ed. Alice Gordon. Boston: Addison-Wesley, 1990.
———. “Sunday Dinner in Brooklyn.” In Modern Writing, ed. William Phillips and Philip Rahv. New York: Avon, 1953.
———. “Sunday Dinner in Brooklyn.” In Protest: The Beat Generation and the Angry Young Men, ed. Gene Feldman and Max Gartenberg. London: Souvenir Press, 1958.
———. “A Truly Bad Book Just Doesn’t Happen” (review of Wake Up, We’re Almost There by Chandler Brossard). New York Times Book Review, April 4, 1971.
———. “Village Café.” Partisan Review 17, no. 5 (1950): 524–28.
Buckley, Gail Lumet. The Hornes: An American Family. New York: Knopf, 1986.
Carter, Clarence Edwin, ed. The Territorial Papers of the United States. Vol. 14, The Territory of Orleans, 1803–1812. Washington: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1940.
Cass, Julia. “Notable Mardi Gras Absences Reflect Loss of Black Middle Class.” Washington Post, February 25, 2006.
Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi Luca. Genes, People, and Languages. New York: Northpoint Press, 2000.
Chaillé, Stanford E. Intimidation and the Number of White and of Colored Voters in Louisiana in 1876, as Shown by Statistical Data Derived from Republican Official Reports. New Orleans: Picayune Office Job Print, 1877.
Christian, Marcus B. “A Black History of Louisiana.” In Marcus B. Christian Collection, Earl K. Long Library, University of New Orleans. New Orleans.
———. “Free People of Color of New Orleans.” In Marcus B. Christian Collection, Earl K. Long Library, University of New Orleans. New Orleans.
———. “The Mechanics Hall Riot.” In Marcus B. Christian Collection, Earl K. Long Library, University of New Orleans. New Orleans.
———. “The Negro as a Soldier: 1861–1865.” In Marcus B. Christian Collection, Earl K. Long Library, University of New Orleans. New Orleans.
———. “Negro Education: 1861–1900.” In Marcus B. Christian Collection, Earl K. Long Library, University of New Orleans. New Orleans.
Clark, John Garretson. La Rochelle and the Atlantic Economy During the Eighteenth Century. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1981.
Conley, Dalton. Being Black, Living in the Red: Race, Wealth, and Social Policy in America. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.
Connolly, Harold X. A Ghetto Grows in Brooklyn. New York: New York University Press, 1977.
Corwin, Phillip. “Letter to the Editor.” New York Times Book Review, May 2, 1971.
Coyne, John. “Letter to the Editor.” New York Times Book Review, May 2, 1971.
D’Antoni, Blaise C., and St. Tammany Historical Society. Chahta-Ima and St. Tammany’s Choctaws. Mandeville, LA: St. Tammany Historical Society, 1986.
Davis, F. James. Who Is Black? One Nation’s Definition. 10th anniversary ed. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 2001.
Desdunes, Rodolphe Lucien. A Few Words to Dr. Du Bois, with Malice Toward None. New Orleans, 1907.
Desdunes, Rodolphe Lucien, and Dorothea Olga McCants. Our People and Our History: Fifty Creole Portraits. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
Diamond, Raymond T., and Cottrol, Robert J. “Codifying Caste: Louisiana’s Racial Classification Scheme and the Fourteenth Amendment.” Loyola Law Review 29 (1983): 255–85.
Domínguez, Virginia R. White by Definition: Social Classification in Creole Louisiana. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1986.
Donald, David Herbert. Lincoln. New York: Simon & Schuster, 1995.
Donze, Frank, and Krupa, Michelle. “Nagin Upbeat After Win.” Times-Picayune, May 22, 2006.
Eakin, Sue L., and Solomon Northup. Solomon Northup’s Twelve Years a Slave: 1841–1853. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 1998.
Eliot, T. S. Four Quartets. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1971.
Ellison, Ralph. Invisible Man. Modern Library ed. New York: Modern Library, 1994.
Fairclough, Adam. Better Day Coming: Blacks and Equality, 1890–2000. New York: Viking, 2001.
Firestone, David. “Identity Restored to 100,000 Louisiana Slaves.” New York Times, July 30, 2000.
Fischer, Roger A. “Jim Crow’s Ascendancy.” In The Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Series in Louisiana History, ed. Matthew J. Schott. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Louisiana, 2000.
Fleming, Thomas. “Old Hickory’s Finest Hour.” Quarterly Journal of Military History 13, no. 2 (2001): 6–17.
Foner, Eric. Reconstruction: America’s Unfinished Revolution, 1863–1877. New York: Harper & Row, 1988.
Fossier, A. E. New Orleans: The Glamour Period, 1800–1840. New Orleans: Pelican, 1957.
Friends of the Cabildo. “Line Item Index of Building Contracts in Orleans Parish.” In Notarial Archives. New Orleans, LA.
Friends of the Cabildo, Samuel Wilson, Mary Louise Christovich, and Roulhac Toledano. New Orleans Architecture. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 1971.
Gates, Henry Louis, et al. African American Lives. Video recording. Hollywood: Paramount Home Entertainment, 2006.
Gates, Henry Louis Jr. “White Like Me.” New Yorker, June 17, 1996.
Gayarré, Charles. History of Louisiana. New Orleans: A. Hawkins, 1885.
Gehman, Mary. The Free People of Color of New Orleans: An Introduction. New Orleans: Margaret Media, 1994.
Gramsci, Antonio, and Joseph A. Buttigieg. Prison Notebooks, European Perspectives. New York: Columbia University Press, 1991.
Hall, Gwendolyn Midlo. Africans in Colonial Louisiana: The Development of Afro-Creole Culture in the Eighteenth Century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
———. Social Control in Slave Plantation Societies: A Comparison of St. Domingue and Cuba. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins Press, 1971.
Hanger, Kimberly S. Bounded Lives, Bounded Places: Free Black Society in Colonial New Orleans, 1769–1803. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1997.
Hankins, Jonn Ethan, Steven Maklansky, and New Orleans Museum of Art. Raised to the Trade: Creole Building Arts of New Orleans. New Orleans: New Orleans Museum of Art, 2002.
Harlan, Louis R. “Desegregation in New Orleans Public Schools During Reconstruction.” American Historical Review 67, no. 3 (1962): 663–75.
Hentoff, Nat. “Broyard & (More).” Village Voice, May 13, 1971, 19–20.
Hewitt, Lawrence L. Port Hudson, Confederate Bastion on the Mississippi. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1987.
Hill, Herbert. “Labor Unions and the Negro.” Commentary, December 1959.
Hirsch, Arnold R., and Joseph Logsdon. Creole New Orleans: Race and Americanization. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992.
Hollandsworth, James G. An Absolute Massacre: The New Orleans Race Riot of July 30, 1866. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2001.
———. The Louisiana Native Guards: The Black Military Experience During the Civil War. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1995.
Houzeau, Jean-Charles, and David C. Rankin. My Passage at the New Orleans Tribune: A Memoir of the Civil War Era. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.
Howard, Perry. “The Populist-Republican Fusion: 1896.” In The Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Series in Louisiana History, ed. Matthew J. Schott. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Louisiana, 2000.
Howe, Irving. A Margin of Hope: An Intellectual Autobiography. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1982.
Howell, Susan E., and John B. Vinturella. “Forgotten in New Orleans.” New York Times, April 20, 2006.
Jackson, Joy J. “Bosses and Businessmen.” In The Louisiana Purchase Bicentennial Series in Louisiana History, ed. Matthew J. Schott. Lafayette: Center for Louisiana Studies, University of Louisiana, 2000.
———.New Orleans in the Gilded Age: Politics and Progress, 1880–1896. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1969.
James, C.L.R. The Black Jacobins: Toussaint L’Ouverture and the San Domingo Revolution. New York: Vintage Books, 1963.
Johnson, James Weldon. The Autobiography of an Ex-Coloured Man. Boston: Sherman, French, 1912.
Johnson, Walter. Soul by Soul: Life Inside the Antebellum Slave Market. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1999.
Kahn, E. J. The Separated People: A Look at Contemporary South Africa. New York: Norton, 1968.
Kein, Sybil. Creole: The History and Legacy of Louisiana’s Free People of Color. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
Klarman, Michael J. From Jim Crow to Civil Rights: The Supreme Court and the Struggle for Racial Equality. New York: Oxford University Press, 2004.
Klonsky, Milton, and Ted Solotaroff. A Discourse on Hip: Selected Writings of Milton Klonsky. Detroit: Wayne State University Press, 1990.
Krim, Seymour. The Beats: A Gold Medal Anthology. Greenwich, CT: Fawcett, 1960.
Kroeger, Brooke. Passing: When People Can’t Be Who They Are. New York: Public Affairs, 2003.
LaChance, Paul. “Were Saint-Domingue Refugees a Distinctive Cultural Group in Antebellum New Orleans? Evidence from Patterns and Strategies of Property Holding.” Revista/Review Interamericana 29, nos. 1–4 (1999).
Larsen, Nella. Passing. New York: Modern Library, 2000.
Latrobe, John H. B., and Samuel Wilson. Southern Travels: Journal of John H. B. Latrobe, 1834. New Orleans: Historic New Orleans Collection, 1986.
Laussat, Pierre-Clément de. Memoirs of My Life to My Son During the Years 1803 and After, Which I Spent in Public Service in Louisiana as Commissioner of the French Government for the Retrocession to France of That Colony and for Its Transfer to the United States. Baton Rouge: Published for the Historic New Orleans Collection by the Louisiana State University Press, 1978.
Lee, Ulysses, and Center of Military History. The Employment of Negro Troops. Washington, DC: Center of Military History, 1994.
Leeming, David. Amazing Grace: A Life of Beauford Delaney. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
———. James Baldwin: A Biography. New York: Viking Penguin, 1994.
Lopez, Ian F. Haney. “The Social Construction of Race: Some Observations on Illusion, Fabrication, and Choice.” Harvard Civil Rights–Civil Liberties Law Review 29 (1994): 1–62.
Louisiana Locals: The Commercial, Industrial, and Financial Outlook for New Orleans. New Orleans, 1894.
McPherson, James M. The Negro’s Civil War: How American Negroes Felt and Acted During the War for the Union. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.
Mailer, Norman. “The White Negro.” Dissent 4 (1957).
Malcomson, Scott L. One Drop of Blood: The American Misadventure of Race. New York: Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000.
Medley, Keith Weldon. “From Sire to Son—from Chief to Chief.” New Orleans Tribune, January 2000.
———. “Mardi Gras Mambo.” New Orleans Tribune, February 1989.
———. We as Freemen. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2003.
Morning, Ann. “Multiracial Classification of the United States Census: Myth, Reality, and Future Impact.” Paper presented at the International Union for the Scientific Study of Population. Tours, France: July 23, 2005.
Nelson, William J. Jr. “The Free Negro in the Ante Bellum New Orleans Press.” PhD diss., Duke University, 1977.
O’Byrne, James. “Many Feared Naomi Drake and Powerful Racial Whim.” Times-Picayune, August 16, 1993.
Ochs, Stephen J. A Black Patriot and a White Priest: André Cailloux and Claude Paschal Maistre in Civil War New Orleans. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 2000.
Pfeiffer, Kathleen. Race Passing and American Individualism. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 2003.
Podhoretz, Norman. Making It. New York: Random House, 1967.
Quimby, Ernest. “Bedford-Stuyvesant.” In Brooklyn, USA: The Fourth Largest City in America, ed. by Rita Seiden Miller. New York: Brooklyn College Press, 1979.
Rankin, David C. “The Forgotten People: Free People of Color in New Orleans, 1850–1870.” PhD diss., Johns Hopkins University, 1976.
———. “The Origins of Black Leadership in New Orleans During Reconstruction.” Journal of Southern History 40 (1974): 417–70.
“Reading the Book of Life: White House Remarks on Decoding of Genome.” New York Times, June 27, 2000.
Reinders, Robert C. End of an Era: New Orleans, 1850–1860. New Orleans: Pelican, 1964.
Roth, Philip. The Human Stain. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2000.
Roussève, Charles Barthelemy. The Negro in Louisiana. New Orleans: Xavier University Press, 1937.
Samuels, Daniel Robert. “Remembering North Claiborne: Community and Place in Downtown New Orleans.” Master’s thesis, University of New Orleans, 2000.
Sartre, Jean-Paul. “Portrait of the Inauthentic Jew.” Commentary, May 1948: 389–97.
Schafer, Judith Kelleher. Becoming Free, Remaining Free: Manumission and Enslavement in New Orleans, 1846–1862. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University, 2003.
Sharfstein, Daniel F. “The Secret History of Race in the United States.” Yale Law Journal 112 (2003): 1473–1509.
Sollors, Werner. Neither Black nor White and yet Both: Thematic Explorations of Interracial Literature. New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Texeira, Erin. “New Orleans’ Black Social Networks Hurting.” Associated Press, April 8, 2006.
Thompson, Shirley Elizabeth. “The Passing of a People: Creoles of Color in Mid-Nineteenth Century New Orleans.” PhD diss., Harvard University, 2001.
Toledano, Roulhac, and Christovich, Mary Louise. New Orleans Architecture: Faubourg Tremé and the Bayou Road. Gretna, LA: Pelican, 2003.
Trillin, Calvin. “Black or White.” New Yorker, April 14, 1986, 62–78.
Tunnell, Ted. Crucible of Reconstruction: War, Radicalism, and Race in Louisiana, 1862–1877. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1984.
Turner, Arlin. George W. Cable: A Biography. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1966.
Uzee, Philip Davis. “Republican Politics in Louisiana, 1877–1900.” PhD diss., Louisiana State University, 1950.
Wade, Nicholas. “The Human Family Tree: 10 Adams and 18 Eves.” New York Times, May 2, 2000.
Walton, Hanes. Black Republicans: The Politics of the Black and Tans. Metuchen, NJ: Scarecrow Press, 1975.
Warmoth, Henry Clay. War, Politics, and Reconstruction: Stormy Days in Louisiana. New York: Macmillan, 1930.
Webb, Allie Bayne Windham. “A History of Negro Voting in Louisiana, 1877–1906.” PhD diss., Louisiana State University, 1962.
Wetzsteon, Ross. Republic of Dreams: Greenwich Village, the American Bohemia, 1910–1960. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002.
Wilder, Craig Steven. A Covenant with Color: Race and Social Power in Brooklyn. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000.
Williamson, Joel. New People: Miscegenation and Mulattoes in the United States. New York: New York University Press, 1984.
Woodward, C. Vann. Reunion and Reaction. Boston: Little, Brown, 1951.
Wright, Lawrence. “One Drop of Blood.” New Yorker, July 25, 1994, 46–55.
Young, Tara. “N.O.’s Murder Rate Down in 2004.” Times-Picayune, January 1, 2005.