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YANG CHICHANG

(1908–94)

Born in Tainan in southwestern Taiwan, Yang Chichang (Yang Ch’ih-ch’ang) graduated from the middle school in 1929 and studied in Japan from 1930 to 1933, upon his father’s death. For most of his life he worked as a journalist in his home country.

Yang published his first poem in a school magazine in Taiwan in 1928. While a student of Japanese literature in Japan, he befriended Neo-Perceptionist writers, joined several poetry societies, and published two books of poetry in Japanese in 1931 and 1932, respectively. Of the many pen names under which he wrote, Shuiyinping was the most frequently used and best known.

In 1935 Yang founded Le Moulin Poetry Society with Li Zhangrui, Lin Yongxiu, Zhang Liangdian, and three Japanese poets. The name Le Moulin (“Windmill”) was inspired partly by the French theater and partly by the common sight of windmills in Tainan. They published a poetry journal under the same name, which folded after four issues. Le Moulin advocated surrealism in contrast to the mainstream of realism at the time and was criticized for this reason.

In 1979 Yang published a book of collected poems, Burning Cheeks, which was translated from Japanese to Chinese by the poet Huan Fu in 1989 and by Ye Di in 1995. In addition to poetry, Yang published fiction, literary criticism (on Chinese, Japanese, and Western literature), and essays.

ROUGE AND LIPS

The air in the room is as deep as the bottom of a well

Her long gown rolled up to her panties

Misato caresses her curvaceous leg with a white hand

The pipe’s sound, jazz, the smell of sweaty armpits, and….

Awakening from a dream, I see a note: “Bye-bye” signed “M”

Rose-colored rouge, a lipstick in its case

Consciousness, defeated, flows somberly by

(1934)

(translated by John Balcom)

THE NUN

Duanduan, a young nun, opens the window.

The boundless night is growing steadily. Duanduan stretches out her white arms and folds them tightly to her bosom. In the fearful nighttime air, the Buddha on the altar smiles solemnly. Duanduan awakens and grows excited. Quiet shadows; the lamps burn all night long.

Frightened by the order of the night, Duanduan walks down the illusory path of sex. Why aren’t my breasts as lovely as those of other young women? Why do my eyes reflect only a forgotten color….

A red glass lamp continues burning. A greenish bronze clock disturbs a cold heart. The main hall of the convent is as cold as a parking lot.

In the reddish shadows, the idol moves.

The sword of Weituo, the temple guardian, flashes. The eighteenth Arhat sits astride a fantastic tiger. Duanduan puts her palms together, feels faint, and swoons.

At the tolling of the bell at dawn, Duanduan gets up. The incense emits fragrance. Sitting upright and looking straight ahead, Duanduan weeps. The sutras are chanted.

—O, Mother, Mother

Duanduan offers her virginity to the gods.

(1934)

(translated by John Balcom)

BURNING CHEEKS

In the flax-colored sunset

The gloves of the falling leaves dance

On my chest my cheeks

The wind warms itself in my pocket

The autumn mist

Sheaths the streetlights in soft petals

Together hate and regret

Flicker in a smile

Cheeks burn with loneliness

The patterned groundcover the name of which I’ve forgotten

Listens closely to the echo in a shell

A sand dune close by

Pities its own desolation

(1935)

(translated by John Balcom)

VEINS AND BUTTERFLIES

A gray tranquility beats in the breath of Spring

Roses shed their petals in a rose garden

Under the window, a young girl’s love,

quartz, and a specimen of the heart’s

Melancholy

I play an organ as blue tears fall from my eyes

The beret’s pitiful wound

The cicadas cry in the garden

A young girl lifts her veined hands at sunset

An old-fashioned corpse hangs in the wood behind the sanatorium

The butterfly embroidered in the folds of her blue skirt is flying …

(1935)

(translated by John Balcom)

AUTUMN SEA

On the liquid emerald of the sea

The sounds of the gulls’ wings carry poetry

And fly to the window of my heart

But the green venetian blinds will never open again

Words are embroidered in the corner of a handkerchief

Crabs climb round the edge of my memory

In a rowboat’s wake on the sea

Autumn colors the bored sky

I cast my hook and line in the afternoon

Catching futile time

(1935)

(translated by John Balcom)

TRAVELOGUE

Following a flock of sheep into a hawk-colored basin

Playing my flute

In the distance I hear the clip-clop of a horse’s hooves

An open two-wheeled cart goes by

Headed for Parnassus, or so its white plaque says

An offering to Pan an ancient amphitheater

The antique music is a dissonant leisure land

On the street of countless flower poems and

Shining oats, eating grapes, I step over

The idle tools of a forsaken garden, tracking

The farmer’s footprints

(1936)

(translated by John Balcom)

PALE SONG

In the antique sky

Moonless memories lie buried in snow-white flowers

In the seasonal wind

My poems melt one by one

Crickets cry everywhere beneath the window

Pale is the wounded soul’s look

An organ plays at dusk

Scattering my poems on the wind leaving no trace

Butterflies drift

In the music of

Sickly leaves

Fluttering with fear of the whites of a suicide’s eyes

I am infected by the scenery

(1936)

(translated by John Balcom)

RUINED CITY: TAINAN QUI DORT

1. Dawn

For white terror

Crimson lips emit a blood-curdling scream

Early in the morning, the wind grows still, playing dead

My feverish body is covered with bloody wounds

2. An Attitude Toward Life

The sun breathes into the branch tips of the trees

At night the flying moon indulges itself without sleeping

A thought slides from my body and spirit

Crosses the Strait, challenging the sky, and on a pale

Night wind flies toward

The gravestone of youth

3. Ritual Song

Ritual instruments

The sketch of many stars plus the song of dancing flowers

Gray brain matter dreaming of a no-man’s land of dementia

Soaking wet in a ray of light like a rainbow

4. Ruined City

People who sign their names on the defeated surface of the earth

Blow whistles, hollow shells

Sing of ancient history, land, home, and

Trees, they all love aromatic meditations

O, dusk when autumn butterflies fly!

For a prostitute singing a barcarolle

The lament of home is pale

(1936)

(translated by John Balcom)

LOVE SONG

No matter how my heart aches

I’ll never sing a song of love again

Even though it’s been three years and ten

But still my song turns to love

Even as my youthful cheeks do fade

And wrinkles about my eyes have lately strayed

The wind blows

Distant roses shed faint odors through the air

As spring’s footsteps nearer draw

The warmth in the land grows …

Butterflies skim the air languidly

All the cicadas go chirr-chirr

The gravestone—well, that is history!

(1938)

(translated by John Balcom)

SEA OF FLOWERS

Flowers and flowers

Rain down without pity

Fearfully anxious, hypocritical eyes

A woman dead among the petals!

The landscape murders expression and a pure thought

Becomes high-priced consumption

In the prism of a flower

A pale-skinned aesthetic

Leads to a brilliant tragedy

O, the sea!

O, flowers drifting on the sea!

Dancing wildly

In the spindrift at the site of an ancient city

Wet is the flower’s spirit, a song on boorish lips

Spurting blood

Fruit of the Holy Spirit born of desolation

Celebrated by the fossil of solemn misfortune …

O, the flowers amassed

All forgotten, they rot

(1939)

(translated by John Balcom)