Index

A

acupuncture 179

“Adoration Society” 355

affection 115–116, 348

aging 107–108

agrarian society 261–262

Americans, American culture 43, 47–48, 53, 70, 173, 294

ancestor worship 1, 3, 4, 8, 14, 25, 38, 55, 95–96, 108–109, 149, 157–159, 196, 254, 273, 364–365

animism 245, 327

apology 290–291

apps 281

“Arirang” (song) 10–11

Arirang (movie) 10

Arirang (novel) 11

aristocracy 341–346

arranged marriages 165–168, 224–225

arts 245, 283–284

associations, business 135

astrology 131, 167, 311–312

authoritarianism 220–221

authority 101–102, 220–221

B

Baekji kingdom 78

beauty 244–245

birthdays 13–14, 107–108

Book of Filial Piety (Confucius) 193–194

bowing 128–130

bribery 256–259

Buddhism 22–25, 64, 83, 116, 149, 152–154, 228, 243, 244, 254, 306, 307, 309

Buddhist monks 7, 22–23, 25, 81

Buddhist sects 25

business culture 15, 20, 21, 26–29, 31–32, 38, 41, 47–48, 102–104, 118–119, 125, 135, 144, 146, 156, 165, 190, 191, 200, 214–219, 229, 282–283, 307–309, 309–310, 362–363

C

calligraphy see writing system

ceramics 283–284

character, developing 178

character, Korean 194

Chin I Hwang 249

China 21–22, 44–45, 52, 62, 67, 77–79, 85–86, 97, 234

Chinese writing system 67, 68, 70, 235, 248, 298

Ching dynasty (China) 86

Chongsun county 11

Christianity 154–155

city life 169

civil service examination 211–214, 342

clan record 350

clans 149–150

clothing, Korean 13–14

coins 81

“comfort women” 267

communication, nonverbal 129–130

communism 90

companies 102–104

compassion 115–116

competition, competitive spirit 20–21, 106, 229–230, 239

concubines 6, 159, 166–167, 187, 225, 301, 341, 342, 345, 353

conformity 105–106

confrontational attitude 280

Confucian academies 236–237

Confucian principles 194

Confucian sages 196

Confucianism (see also Neo-Confucianism) 1, 3, 6, 33, 34, 83, 136, 138, 141, 149, 152, 154, 158, 162, 170, 184, 191–196, 223, 228, 254, 257, 260, 291, 300, 364–365, 366

connections, personal 360–362

consultant-advisor 191

cosmic energy 178–179, 285–287

courtesy 198–199

creation myth 75, 203, 292

creativity 61

criticism 14–15

cultural misunderstanding 269

cultural nationalism 148, 204–206

D

daughters 5, 108–109, 122, 125, 224, 226, 349

deference 156–157, 173

dialects 99

diaspora, Korean 147

dignity 338–339

discrimination 145

division of Korea 91

divorce 8, 9, 223–224

domestic shrines 193

dress, traditional 64–67

drinking culture 49–53, 218, 282, 288, 289, 339

duty 329–330

E

economy 16–17, 93, 296

education 58–59, 195–196, 211–214, 234–241, 253, 299–300, 314, 342

elderly 363–364

emotions 133, 172–172, 301

energy (cosmic) 178–179

English language 362–364

enlightenment 192

entertainment 38, 40, 283, 287–289

entertainment girls 6, 38, 52, 63, 186–190, 353

eroticism 6–7

ethics 42–44, 327, 365–366

etiquette 365–366

Ewha Women’s University (Seoul) 238, 356

examinations 211–214, 216, 239

experts 190–191

F

face, saving face 29–31, 171, 252, 260, 290, 320, 332, 339

factions, factionalism 275–276

failure 309–310

fairness 196–197, 260

family 6, 19, 37–38, 42, 54, 55, 104, 108–110, 122–124, 141–142, 144–145, 170–171, 302–303, 310–311, 330

family relationships 170–171

farmers 261

fate, fatalism 335–336

father-king 2

fathers, fatherhood 1–3, 34, 35, 39, 54, 101, 109, 138–139, 147, 157, 158, 170, 193, 224, 272, 273, 303, 331, 334, 361

feelings 172, 180–181

female emancipation 243, 254

festivals 321, 325

fighting spirit 140–142, 157, 176–178, 194, 208–209, 290

filial piety 108–110, 239

“Five Blessings, The” 19, 336

food 94–97, 175–176, 322

force (ki) 178–179, 324

foreigners 268–271, 328, 330, 334, 336–337, 363

formal procedures 137–138

fortune-telling 130–132, 226

Foundation Day 94

“four pillars” 167

freedom 127–128

friendship 37–38, 333–334

funerals 222

G

gender equality 197, 355–357

gender roles 254–255, 301, 348–349

Genghis Khan 23, 82

“gentlemen scholars” 341–346

geomancy 285–287

gift giving 256–259, 304–305

gifts, types 305

ginseng 120–121

girls, entertainment 186–190

gods and spirits 18–19

government 134–135

grandfathers 144–145, 365

grandmothers 14

greetings 118–119

grudges 180, 339–340

guests 320–321

H

“Hall of Worthies” 160

handicrafts 283–284

Hangeul Word Processor 281

Hanyang 83

happiness 56–57

harmony 105–106, 180, 192, 216, 256, 293–295, 331, 348

Harvest Moon Festival 159

heating, underfloor 274

herbal medicine 62–64

“Hermit Kingdom” 161

history 77–94

hobbies 46

Honam region 145–146

honor 252–253

hospitality 320–321

hostesses 288

household 142

humility 293–295, 340

Hwang Yi 236

I

industrialization 151

inequality 195

infant mortality 13

inferiority complex 357–359

international marriages 200–203

internet 281

introductions 316–317

intuition 10, 267–269

“Irish of the Orient” 335

Islam 154

J

Japan 8, 20, 26, 58, 82, 84–90, 100, 110–113, 147, 161–163, 183, 204–205, 207, 237, 263, 266–267, 284, 295–296, 352

Japanese invasion (1592) 84, 161

Japanese occupation (1910–45) 10–11, 25, 58, 62, 69, 76, 88–90, 111, 179, 266, 295

Japanese pirates 82

jealousy 313–314

Jeju Island 69, 73, 292–293

Joseon (Yi) dynasty 6–8, 30, 63, 67, 78, 83–89, 91, 150, 153, 159–162, 166, 199, 220, 224, 235, 236, 237, 248, 255, 266, 298, 302, 327, 345–346, 350

Joseon royal court 166

Jung Rae Cho (author) 11

justice 138–140

K

karaoke 263–264

Kim clan 227

Kim Il Sung 71, 74, 91, 146, 163, 205, 241, 292 (n.)

Kim Young Sam 211, 258

kings 2

Koguryo kingdom 22, 80, 145, 234

Korea-Japan relations 295–296

Korean Communist Party 90

Korean National Association 204

Korean negotiating 232–234

Korean spirit 60–62

Korean Ssireum Association (KSA) 322

Korean Taekwondo Federation (KTA) 325

Korean War (1950–53) 43–44, 91, 126, 141, 205, 209

“Korean Wave” culture 59–60

Korean-Americans 272, 336

Koreans overseas 336

Koryo dynasty 1, 22, 23–25, 63, 80–83, 153, 166, 192, 204, 235, 286, 342, 350

Koryo Taejanggyong (Buddhist scripture) 23–24

kowtow, Chinese 129

L

“Land of the Morning Calm” 159

language 97–100

leisure 282

letters of apology 290–291

letters of introduction 317–318

literature 247–250

logic 259–260

loyalty 39

M

management style 215–219

Manchu dynasty (China) 85–86, 343, 353

Mani, Mt. 292

manners 326–328

March First Movement uprising 89

marriage 4, 7–9, 115, 142, 158, 165–168, 170–171, 173, 186, 200–203, 223–227, 243, 254, 272, 302, 351–352, 354

marriage customs 223–227

martial arts 176–178, 324–326

“Martial Arts Festival” 325

matchmakers 225

materialism 174–175

McCune-Reischauer system for romanizing Korean 69

meals 176, 200

mediators 164–165

medicine, traditional 188

meetings, business 118

men’s quarters 254, 301, 350

mental control 227–229

mentor 191

midwives 5

military culture 207–211, 218, 219

military recruits 209, 211

Ming dynasty (China) 1, 24, 82

money 102

Mongol influences 322

Mongol invasion 23–24, 82, 349

“Moonies” 154–155

“mother country” 147–148

mother-in-law 272

mothers 272–273

mountains, sacred 291–293

Mt. Mani 292

Mt. Paekdu 75, 292

Mt. Taebaek 292

N

Naehun (manual on female behavior) 249, 352

Nai Sen Ittai (“Japan and Korea as One Body”) 90

name cards 250–252

“Name Order” 111

names, Korean 69, 121–125, 144–145, 250–251

National University 235

nationalism 147–148, 203–207, 253

Neo-Confucianism 1, 2, 6, 25, 84, 102, 128, 158, 160, 192, 194–195, 251, 329

networking 361–362

“New Confucianism” see Neo-Confucianism

Ni-ssen Yuwa (“Japan-Korean Harmony”) 111

North Korea 126, 145, 146, 163–164, 205, 206, 240–241, 292, 328

O

obligations 331–332

old age 107–108

oral storytelling 248–249

P

Paekdu, Mt. 75, 292

“palace women” 349

parenting 2, 3, 55, 106, 107, 108–110, 122, 125, 164, 194, 221–222, 224, 238, 331

Park, President Chung Hee 70, 91, 210, 307

patience 116–117

patriarchal society 138–139

patriotism 218

peasant 261

People’s Republic of North Korea 91

personal connections 360–362

personal space 367

philosophers 236–237

poetry 248–249

politeness 289–291

politics 275

popular culture 59–60

poverty 174–175

power 101–102

“power of insight” 260

“Practical Learning” movement 314–315, 344

productivity 308

prostitution 186–190, 287–289, 303, 349; see also “comfort women”

protectionism, economic 16–17

proverbs 318–319

psychic makeup 332–333

“pumpkinism” 259

punishment 35–36

Pure Land Sect (Buddhism) 23

Pusan 112

Pyongyang 75, 78, 91

Q

qi (Chinese) 178

quality 283–284

R

racism 271, 272

rank 143–144, 252, 316

recreation 46–47

regionalism 145–146

relationships, group 132–133, 180, 360–362

“Religion of the Heavenly Way” 154

religious beliefs 131, 137, 152–155, 174, 193, 291–293

Republic of South Korea 91

resentment 180

respectfulness 155–157

retirement 107

reunification 328–329

revenge 20–21

Rhee, Syngman 125, 204, 205

Roh Tae Woo, President 259

room salons 287–289

Roosevelt, President Theodore 88

rote-learning in education 240

rudeness 198

ruling class 341

rural gentry 344, 346

S

“sack marriage” 352

sadness 306–307

scholar-official class (yangban) 340–346

“seesawing” 351

Sejong, King 67–68, 83, 160, 235–235

“self-control training” 217–218

self-reliance 162–164

self-restraint 173–174

sensual charm 289

Seoul 92, 151, 238, 286

Seoul Summer Olympic Games 92

“seven evils” 302, 354

sexual equality 254

sexual impulse 300–304

shamanism 62, 105, 131, 137, 153, 157–158, 199, 226, 245–247, 335

shame, shaming 15, 33–34, 241–242

Shilla kingdom 67, 78–80, 235

shyness 323

sincerity 216–217

singing 262–265, 306

singing salons 264

slave uprising 265

slavery 265–266, 349, 352

social class 47, 105, 300, 320, 341–345

social cohesion 142

social etiquette and manners 129–130, 140–141

social hierarchy 42, 47, 49, 101–102, 105, 114, 130, 142, 143–144, 151, 155–157, 158, 181, 195, 196–197, 198, 282–283, 289–291, 299–300, 330, 341–345, 361

social indebtedness 53–54

social organizations 221–223

sons 2–6, 8, 27, 55, 57, 101, 108–109, 170–171, 278–279, 340

“special favors” 258

“spring festival” 321

street addresses 169

stress 282–283

student demonstrations 139

students 57–58, 139, 299–300

success 360

Sung Pum Lee 12

surnames 251

Suwon Folk Village 93

swordsmanship 177

T

Taebaek, Mt. 292

Taejo, see Yi, Song Gye

Taekwondo 177–178, 324–326

Tangun 203, 292

Tang dynasty (China) 79

Taoism 153–154

teacher 191

television dramas 60

terms of address 348–349

time 307–309

titles 144–145

Tong I Po Gam (“Treasures of Eastern Medicine”) 63

Toson (Buddhist monk) 286

Toyotomi, Hideyoshi 84, 85, 160

Tripitaka Koreana (Buddhist scriptures) 24

trust 310–311

truth, objective and subjective 135–137

two-income families 242–243

U

Un Gyu Na 10

underestimating 346–348

Unification Church (“Moonies”) 154–155

United States 16, 17, 86–88, 92, 272, 295, 362

universities, present-day 240

urban planning 168–169

urbanization 151

U.S. Army Military Government of Korea (USAMGIK) 205–206

V

Vietnam War (1965–73) 93, 141

violence 278–280

W

warrior monks 177, 179

wedding practices 167–168, 222, 226

Weltevree, Jan Janse 269

“Western learning” 315

Wiman Joseon 78

wives 4, 7–9, 124, 159, 170, 171, 202, 222, 222–227, 253–254, 302, 303, 313, 341

“wives kye” fund 222

women 4–9, 28, 37–39, 40, 51–52, 65–67, 68, 76, 111, 123, 166, 170–171, 186–190, 224, 231, 235, 243–

246, 248–249, 266, 273, 278–279, 300–304, 306, 323, 348–357

work, workplace 103, 104, 243, 282–283, 307–309, 356–357

World War II 100, 112

wrestling 321–323

writing system 67–71, 235–235, 247–248, 297–299

Wu-Ti, Emperor (China) 78, 203

Y

Yi, Chung Hwan 344

Yi dynasty see Joseon dynasty

Youngnam region 146

Young Women’s Christian Association 356

Yi, Song Gye (Korean general) 1, 2, 24, 81, 83, 85, 128, 158, 160, 192, 286, 329

Z

zaibatsu (Japanese conglomerates) 26

Zen Buddhism 23, 163, 177, 228