Bibliography

This book draws heavily on the author’s original transcripts of numerous interviews with Joe Frazier and Marvis Frazier and the people around them over several months in 1980, as well as personal observations.

“ABC Wide World of Sports—Ali Frazier Studio Brawl.” Ringside Videos. Filmed January 26, 1974. Posted October 26, 2016. YouTube video, 1:27:14 (0:56–58:02). https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2Dh72Os_97c

“Abe Davis.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/10878.

“Ali, Frazier to Collide.” Associated Press. Victoria Advocate, January 28, 1974. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=861&dat=19740128&id=HqlSAAAAIBAJ&sjid=RH8DAAAAIBAJ&pg=5740,4094140&hl=en.

“Ali among 4,000 at Frazier Funeral.” Associated Press. New York Post, November 14, 2011. https://nypost.com/2011/11/14/ali-among-4000-at-frazier-funeral/.

“Ali Calls Frazier White Man’s Champ.” Associated Press. Sarasota Herald-Tribune, March 2, 1971. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1755&dat=19710302&id=mjwgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=UmYEAAAAIBAJ&pg=4056,335596&hl=en.

“Ali Reportedly Used Drug to Lose Weight.” Associated Press. Pittsburgh Press, October 6, 1980. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=A34fAAAAIBAJ&sjid=C10EAAAAIBAJ&pg=2067,3307959&dq=holmes+ali+thyroid&hl=en.

Anderson, Dave. “Ali Beats Frazier on Decision Here.” New York Times, January 29, 1974. https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-frazier.html.

———. “Ali-Frazier: Opposites Attract.” New York Times, January 30, 1974. https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1974/01/30/issue.html.

———. “So. Carolina Legislature Hears Frazier.” New York Times, April 8, 1971. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/04/08/archives/so-carolina-legislature-hears-frazier.html.

“Another Round for Smokin’ Joe.” New York Times, August 22, 1981. https://www.nytimes.com/1981/08/22/sports/another-round-for-smokin-joe.html?searchResultPosition=1.

Barry, Dan. “After Frazier Kept the Belt, a Long Shot Withstood the Blows.” New York Times, November 15, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/11/15/us/the-butcher-and-the-joe-frazier-ron-stander-bout.html.

Berger, Phil. “For Marvis Frazier, Does Father Know Best?” New York Times, July 21, 1986. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/21/sports/for-marvis-frazier-does-father-know-best.html.

———. “Tyson a Winner over Frazier in 0:30.” New York Times, July 27, 1986. https://www.nytimes.com/1986/07/27/sports/tyson-a-winner-over-frazier-in-0-30.html.

BN Staff. “Muhammad Ali vs Joe Frazier—the Greatest Rivalry in Sport.” Boxing News. Accessed March 28, 2020. https://www.boxingnewsonline.net/muhammad-ali-vs-joe-frazier-the-greatest-rivalry-in-sport/.

———. “On This Day Muhammad Ali Fought Joe Frazier in the Greatest Fight of All Time.” Boxing News, October 1, 1975. https://www.boxingnewsonline.net/muhammad-ali-remembered-the-hardest-fight-of-all-time/.

Borges, Ron. “Frazier’s Pain, Anger Remains Years after Trilogy.” ESPN.com, October 16, 2007. https://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=3065738.

“Boxing: Ali v Frazier——It Was Like Death. Closest Thing to Dyin’ That I Know Of.’” Independent, September 29, 2005. https://www.independent.co.uk/sport/general/boxing-ali-v-frazier-it-was-like-death-closest-thing-to-dyin-that-i-know-of-316051.html.

“Boxing—1985—10 Round Heavyweight Bout—James Tillis vs Marvis Frazier: Dog Commentary.” Imasportsphile.com, January 11, 2020. https://imasportsphile.com/boxing-1985-10-round-heavyweight-bout-james-tillis-vs-marvis-frazier-imasportsphile-com/.

Boyle, Robert H. “At the Fair with Fat Buster.” Sports Illustrated, June 1, 1964. https://vault.si.com/vault/1964/06/01/at-the-fair-with-fat-buster.

Brady, Dave. “Marvis Frazier’s Goal Is as Olympian as Pop’s.” Washington Post, April 12, 1979. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1979/04/12/marvis-fraziers-goal-is-as-olympian-as-pops/7822066b-f68b-4837-a923-16ad346408ec/.

“Brewton Plantation.” South Carolina Plantations. Accessed May 21, 2019. south-carolina-plantations.com/beaufort/brewton.html.

Brown, Gary. “The Monday After: Canton Boxer Recalls Fight vs. Joe Frazier.” Repository, December 20, 2011. www.cantonrep.com/article/20111220/NEWS/312209920.

Bucktin, Christopher. “Muhammad Ali’s Doctor BEGGED Him to Quit Boxing after the Thrilla in Manila.” Mirror, June 4, 2016. https://www.mirror.co.uk/sport/boxing/muhammad-alis-doctor-begged-him-8116534.

Burnton, Simon. “Muhammad Ali on Joe Frazier: That’s One Helluva Man and God Bless Him; Bitter Rivals in and out of the Ring—in Their Own Words.” Guardian, November 8, 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/08/muhammad-ali-joe-frazier.

Bynum, Russ. “Joe Frazier Remembered in SC Hometown.” Associated Press. Philadelphia Tribune, November 16, 2011. https://www.phillytrib.com/sports/joe-frazier-remembered-in-sc-hometown/article_a39da93b-63d7-59ff-80dd-a2e5865953f5.html.

“Chris McDonald —Lost Heavyweight Prospect.’” Discussion in “Classic Boxing Forum.” Boxing Forum 24, July 24, 2012. https://www.boxingforum24.com/threads/chris-mcdonald-lost-heavyweight-prospect.419942/.

Daley, Arthur. “Sports of The Times.” New York Times, March 10, 1971. https://www.nytimes.com/1971/03/10/archives/the-mirror-told-a-distressing-tale.html.

“Dave Prater, 50, Dies; Soul Singer of the 60’s.” Associated Press. New York Times, April 13, 1988. https://www.nytimes.com/1988/04/13/obituaries/dave-prater-50-dies-soul-singer-of-the-60-s.html.

Davies, Gareth. “Day When Time Finally Beat Ali.” Telegraph, December 11, 2006. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/sport/othersports/boxing/2352160/Day-when-time-finally-beat-Ali.html.

Doyle, Jack. “Ali, Frazier, Sinatra, et al.,—Boxing & Culture, 1960s—70s.” PopHistoryDig.com. Accessed November 9, 2015. https://www.pophistorydig.com/topics/muhammad-ali-joe-frazier/.

Drake, Hal. “Frazier Chases German for Boxing Gold Record.” Stars and Stripes, October 25, 1964. https://www.stripes.com/news/frazier-chases-german-for-boxing-gold-medal-1.20961.

“Exam Is Flunked; Title Go Halted.” Associated Press. Spokane Daily Chronicle, February 17, 1970. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19700217&id=c5BYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OfgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6959,367606&hl=en.

Farrell, Barry. “The Killing at the Notorious Mustang Ranch.” New York, July 26, 1976. https://books.google.com/books?id=b-MCAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA41.

Franklin, Bobby. “Frazier vs Ellis 1970: Jimmy Showed Incredible Courage.” Boxing over Broadway, March 21, 2017. https://www.boxingoverbroadway.com/frazier-vs-ellis-1970/.

Frazier, Joe, and Phil Berger. Smokin’ Joe: The Autobiography of a Heavyweight Champion of the World, Smokin’ Joe Frazier. New York: Macmillan, 1996.

“Frazier Can’t See Too Tall as Boxer.” Associated Press. St. Louis Globe-Democrat, November 29, 1979.

“Frazier Heavy Favorite.” Associated Press. Southeast Missourian, February 16, 1970. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1893&dat=19700216&id=mWgfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5dQEAAAAIBAJ&pg=3119,4197750&hl=en.

“Frazier in Jan. 15 15-Round Title Defense vs. Daniels.” Associated Press. Lewiston Daily Sun, November 23, 1971. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=KZYgAAAAIBAJ&sjid=KWgFAAAAIBAJ&pg=1026%2C2959776.

“Frazier’s Son Is Victor in Olympic Boxing Trials.” Associated Press. New York Times, June 18, 1980.

“Frazier Stopped after 21 Seconds.” Associated Press. New York Times, June 20, 1980.

“Frazier Stops Davis in Fifth.” Associated Press. News-Press, April 12, 1967.

“Frazier Stops Quarry in 7th.” Associated Press, June 24, 1969. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Joe_Frazier_vs._Jerry_Quarry_(1st_meeting).

“Frazier Takes Zyglewicz.” Associated Press. Gadsden Times, April 23, 1969. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=-KsfAAAAIBAJ&sjid=x9YEAAAAIBAJ&pg=747,3182247&dq=joe+frazier+zyglewicz&hl=en.

Gelston, Dan. “Joe Frazier Funeral Provides Final Salute to Boxing Legend.” Christian Science Monitor, November 15, 2011. https://www.csmonitor.com/USA/Latest-News-Wires/2011/1115/Joe-Frazier-funeral-provides-final-salute-to-boxing-legend.

“George Benton.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/George_Benton.

Gigney, George. “Top 10 Boxing Rivalries.” Boxing News, October 4, 2016. https://www.boxingnewsonline.net/top-10-boxing-rivalries/.

“Gil Clancy.” International Boxing Hall of Fame. March 22, 2010. http://www.ibhof.com/pages/about/inductees/nonparticipant/clancy.html.

Glass, Andrew. “President Carter Orders an Olympic Boycott, March 21, 1980.” Politico, March 21, 2017. https://www.politico.com/story/2017/03/president-carter-orders-an-olympic-boycott-march-21-1980-236185.

Goldman, Tom. “Remembering Joe Frazier and an Epic Boxing Rivalry.” NPR, November 8, 2011. https://www.npr.org/2011/11/08/142123491/boxing-legend-joe-frazier-loses-cancer-battle.

Goldstein, Richard. “Gil Clancy, Boxing Manager and Trainer, Dies at 88.” New York Times, March 31, 2011. https://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/01/sports/01clancy.html.

Gray, Tom. “Best I Faced: Joe Bugner.” The Ring. Accessed December 30, 2019. https://www.ringtv.com/330445-best-ive-faced-joe-bugner/.

———. “‘Fight of the Year 1969’: The 50 Year Anniversary of Joe Frazier-Jerry Quarry I.” The Ring, June 23, 1969. https://www.ringtv.com/569049-fight-of-the-year-1969-the-50-year-anniversary-of-joe-frazier-jerry-quarry-i/.

Gregory, Sean. “Joe Frazier, Former Heavyweight Boxing Champ, Dies at 67.” Time, November 8, 2011. http://content.time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,2098907,00.html.

Grimsley, Will. “Ali’s Back and So Is Boxing.” Associated Press. Eugene Register-Guard, January 29, 1974. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=La5VAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P-ADAAAAIBAJ&pg=6483%2C6312837.

Gross, Jane. “Muhammad Ali Club Agrees to a Boycott of Moscow Games.” New York Times, January 18, 1980.

Hannigan, Dave. “The Tragic Tale of George Chuvalo—Muhammad Ali’s Toughest Opponent.” Irish Times, December 13, 2017. https://www.irishtimes.com/sport/other-sports/the-tragic-tale-of-george-chuvalo-muhammad-ali-s-toughest-opponent-1.3326096.

Hauser, Thomas. “‘The Greatest’ Is the Greatest.” The Ring, April 19, 2017. https://www.ringtv.com/488242-ring-greatest-heavyweight-time/.

———. “The Night When Ali Screamed in Pain; 2 October 1980.” Guardian, January 7, 2007. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2007/jan/07/boxing.features.

Hirsley, Michael. “Punches Took Deadly Toll on Quarry.” Chicago Tribune, January 5, 1999. https://www.chicagotribune.com/news/ct-xpm-1999-01-05-9901050116-story.html.

Hissner, Ken. “How Good Could Marvis Frazier Have Been If ‘Smokin’ Joe Didn’t Take Over in the Corner?” Boxing Insider, October 24, 2016. https://www.boxinginsider.com/columns/good-marvis-frazier-smokin-joe-didnt-take-corner/.

———. “Interview with Rev. Marvis Frazier: From Delivering Knockouts to Delivering Sermons!” Doghouse Boxing. November 28, 2009. http://www.doghouseboxing.com/Ken/Hissner112809.htm.

“Holmes Crunches Frazier.” United Press International. Bryan Times, November 26, 1983. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=799&dat=19631126&id=DrhTAAAAIBAJ&sjid=5ocDAAAAIBAJ&pg=4957,5639417.

“Holmes Takes Out Frazier in First Round.” Associated Press. Ottawa Citizen, November 26, 1983. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=RaQyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=P-8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=2803,3084162&dq=larry+holmes+marvis+frazier&hl=e.

“Jacqui Frazier-Lyde.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/15511.

“James Broad.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/611.

“James Smith.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/563.

“Joe Frazier.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Joe_Frazier.

“Joe Frazier Jr.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/3105.

“Joe Frazier Net Worth.” Celebrity Net Worth. Accessed October 4, 2019. https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/richest-boxers/joe-frazier-net-worth/.

“Joe Frazier Remembered at Home.” Associated Press, November 16, 2011. https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/7241658/joe-frazier-former-heavyweight-champ-remembered-south-carolina.

“Joe Frazier vs. Floyd Cummings.” BoxRec. Last modified December 2, 2014. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Joe_Frazier_vs._Floyd_Cummings.

“Joe Frazier vs. Jimmy Ellis.” BoxRec. Last modified March 25, 2016. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Joe_Frazier_vs._Jimmy_Ellis.

“Joseph Frazier | 1944–2011 | Obituary.” Marshel’s Wright-Donaldson Home for Funerals, November 16, 2011. https://www.marshelswrightdonaldson.com/obituary/1314291.

“Jose Ribalta.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/557.

“Jose Ribalta.” On the Ropes Boxing Radio, January 27, 2014. Interview, 22:56. https://www.google.com/search?q=boxing+radio+interview+jose+ribalta+january+27%2C+2014&oq=boxing+radio+interview+jose+ribalta+january+27%2C+2014&aqs=chrome..69i57.29825j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8.

“Jose Ribalta vs. Marvis Frazier.” BoxRec: Bout, September 11, 1985. https://boxrec.com/en/event/21174/30748.

Junod, Tom. “The Master: George Benton Has a Lifetime’s Worth of Boxing Wisdom.” Sports Illustrated, November 2, 1992. https://vault.si.com/vault/1992/11/02/the-master-george-benton-has-a-lifetimes-worth-of-boxing-wisdom-that-he-imparts-to-the-worlds-best-fighters.

Katz, Michael. “Holmes Stops Frazier in First.” New York Times, November 26, 1983. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/11/26/sports/holmes-stops-frazier-in-first.html.

Kram, Mark. “Ali in a World of His Own.” Sports Illustrated, February 26, 1973. https://vault.si.com/vault/1973/02/26/ali-in-a-world-of-his-own.

“Larry Holmes vs. Marvis Frazier (1983).” Filmed November 25, 1983. Posted August 9, 2012. YouTube video, 14:04. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zRrvu-PXYzY.

“Larry Holmes vs. Muhammad Ali.” BoxRec. Accessed December 6, 2018. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Larry_Holmes_vs._Muhammad_Ali.

Levin, Josh. “The Time Muhammad Ali Stopped a Man from Leaping to His Death.” Slate, June 4, 2016. https://slate.com/culture/2016/06/the-time-muhammad-ali-stopped-a-man-from-leaping-to-his-death.html.

Mallozzi, Vincent. “Fire Still Burns inside Smokin’ Joe Frazier.” New York Times, October 18, 2006. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/18/sports/othersports/18frazier.html?searchResultPosition=1.

“Marvis Frazier.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/519.

“Marvis Frazier Rebounded from a Fifth-Round Knockdown . . .” Los Angeles Times, February 24, 1986. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-02-24-sp-11557-story.html.

“Marvis Frazier Wins 6th, Stops Casale after Four.” Washington Post, September 17, 1981. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1981/09/17/marvis-frazier-wins-6th-stops-casale-after-four/27f5ed79-8a50-4c86-a38c-e88fb530e9a7/.

McIlvanney, Hugh. “When the Mountain Came to Muhammad.” Guardian, March 9, 1971. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/08/joe-frazier-muhammad-ali-1971.

“Mike Tyson vs. Marvis Frazier (1986).” BoxRec. Accessed November 24, 2018. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Mike_Tyson_vs._Marvis_Frazier.

“Mitch Green.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Mitch_Green.

Moody, Erin. “Beaufort Remembers Native Son Smokin’ Joe Frazier.” Beaufort Gazette, November 9, 2011. https://www.islandpacket.com/news/local/community/beaufort-news/article33443178.html.

Moore, Thad. “Joe and Marvis Frazier: A Package Deal.” Boxing.com, August 9, 2016. http://archive.boxing.media/joe_and_marvis_frazier_a_package_deal.html.

“Muhammad Ali Leads Tribute to the Late Joe Frazier.” Associated Press. Guardian, November 8, 2011. https://www.theguardian.com/sport/2011/nov/08/muhammad-ali-tribute-joe-frazier.

“Muhammad Ali’s Boxing Record.” Associated Press. Fox News, June 4, 2016. https://www.foxnews.com/sports/muhammad-alis-boxing-record-56-wins-5-losses-37-knockouts.

“Muhammad Ali vs. Joe Frazier II.” Ringside Videos. Filmed January 28, 1974, Madison Square Garden, New York, NY. ABC Wide World of Sports broadcast. Posted October 31, 2016. YouTube video, 57:13. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AmyOllzWNHo.

“Muhammad Ali vs. Zora Folley.” BoxRec. Last modified March 11, 2016. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Muhammad_Ali_vs._Zora_Folley.

Murray, William D. “Heavyweight James ‘Bonecrusher’ Smith Battled Marvis Frazier to a . . .” United Press International Archives, February 23, 1986. https://www.upi.com/Archives/1986/02/23/Heavyweight-James-Bonecrusher-Smith-battled-Marvis-Frazier-to-a/5370509518800/.

Nack, William. “A Sad Show for Smokeless Joe.” Sports Illustrated, December 14, 1981. https://vault.si.com/vault/1981/12/14/a-sad-show-for-smokeless-joe-after-a-5-12-year-layoff-37-year-old-joe-frazier-returned-to-the-ring-to-fight-please-say-it-isnt-so-joe-jumbo-cummings.

———. “Twenty-Five Years Later, Ali and Frazier Are Still Slugging It Out.” Sports Illustrated, September 24, 2015. Originally appeared in the September 30, 1996 issue. https://www.si.com/boxing/2015/09/24/muhammad-ali-joe-frazier-william-nack-si-vault.

“1986-05-03 Mike Tyson—James Tillis.” ESPN Classic. Filmed May 3, 1986. Posted January 21, 2011. YouTube video, 46:34. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=z5_E51vOuqM.

“No One Left for Frazier; Ellis Destroyed Rapidly.” Associated Press. Spokane Daily Chronicle, February 17, 1970. https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=1338&dat=19700217&id=c5BYAAAAIBAJ&sjid=OfgDAAAAIBAJ&pg=6959,367606&hl=en.

Nordyke, Kimberly. “Boxing Legend Joe Frazier, Who Inspired Iconic ‘Rocky’ Scenes, Dies at Age 67.” Hollywood Reporter, November 7, 2011. https://www.hollywoodreporter.com/news/boxer-joe-frazier-muhammad-ali-rocky-258563.

Pepe, Phil. “Every Day Is Father’s Day in Life of Marvis Frazier.” Daily News, June 15, 1980.

“Philipp Brown.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/1725.

Phillips, Angus. “Cummings, Frazier Draw.” Washington Post, December 4, 1981. https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/sports/1981/12/04/cummings-frazier-draw/05043b5d-443c-4d8e-9065-1821ffa59810/.

Potter, Jamie, and Marvis Frazier. Meet Marvis Frazier: The Story of the Son of Smokin’ Joe. Otego, NY: Gopher Graphics, 2013.

Putnam, Pat. “One Round of Boxing Was More Than Enough.” Sports Illustrated, November 30, 1970. https://vault.si.com/vault/1970/11/30/one-round-of-boxing-was-more-than-enough.

Rafael, Dan. “George Benton Dies at 78.” ESPN.com, September 21, 2011. https://www.espn.com/boxing/story/_/id/7001072/george-benton-dies-was-legendary-philadelphia-boxer-trainer.

“Ray Staples.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/10877.

Retired Boxers Foundation, Inc. “TOMORROW’S CHAMPIONS: Chris McDonald.” Facebook, May 5, 2013. https://www.facebook.com/retiredboxersfoundation/photos/tomorrows-champions-chris-mcdonaldwe-know-the-least-about-chris-mcdonald-he-had-/10151580357029621/.

Rhoden, William C. “Frazier Defeats Bugner.” New York Times, June 5, 1983. https://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/05/sports/frazier-defeats-bugner.html.

“Ring Magazine Fight of the Year [1945–2019].” BoxRec. Accessed December 23, 2019. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php/Ring_Magazine_Fight_of_the_Year.

“Rodney Frazier.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/16080.

Saraceno, Jon. “Q&A with Ferdie Pacheco, Muhammad Ali’s Longtime Doctor and Corner Man.” USA Today, June 4, 2016. https://www.usatoday.com/story/sports/boxing/2016/06/04/muhammad-ali-ferdie-pacheco-interview/85352836/.

Schuyler, Ed, Jr. “Holmes Facing 3 Title Bouts.” Associated Press. Ottawa Citizen, August 16, 1983. https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=8KMyAAAAIBAJ&sjid=Bu8FAAAAIBAJ&pg=1379,2360852&dq=marvis-frazier+greg+page+2.55&hl=en.

Seekins, Briggs. “Ranking Muhammad Ali’s 10 Greatest Lines of Trash Talk.” Bleacher Report, June 13, 2016. https://bleacherreport.com/articles/2645884-ranking-muhammad-alis-10-greatest-lines-of-trash-talk.

SI Staff. “The Next Stop Is Costa Rica.” Sports Illustrated, March 1, 1976. https://vault.si.com/vault/1976/03/01/the-next-stop-is-costa-rica.

Smith, Red. “Once More, from Memory This Time.” New York Times, January 29, 1974. http://movies2.nytimes.com/books/98/10/25/specials/ali-memory.html.

“Smokin’ Joe Sees Marvis KOd in 21 Seconds.” New York Post, June 20, 1980.

“South Carolina Native ‘Smokin’ Joe’ Frazier Dies after Fight with Cancer.” WACH Fox News Center, November 8, 2011. https://wach.com/news/local/sc-native-smokin-joe-frazier-dies-after-fight-with-cancer.

Stan Ward Boxing. “Meet Stan Ward.” Accessed February 19, 2019. http://www.stanwardboxing.com/about-coach/.

Steinberg, Don. “Final Bell for Philly Legend.” Philadelphia Inquirer, November 8, 2011. https://www.inquirer.com/philly/sports/boxing/20111108_Final_bell_for_Philly_legend.html.

———. “Frazier and Spectrum Arena a Pair of Philly Institutions.” ESPN.com, October 17, 2007. https://www.espn.com/sports/boxing/news/story?id=3064971.

“‘Terrible’ Tim Witherspoon vs. James ‘Bonecrusher’ Smith in a Heavyweight Fight.” Filmed June 15, 1985. Posted November 21, 2011. YouTube video, 13:27. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KNrVOprlscg.

“Title to Frazier’s Son.” Associated Press. New York Times, May 12, 1980.

“Tony Doyle.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/media/index.php?title=Tony_Doyle&printable=yes.

“Tony Pulu.” BoxRec. https://boxrec.com/en/proboxer/22658.

“Tyson Says Hello, Goodby to Frazier in Round 1.” Associated Press. Los Angeles Times, July 27, 1986. https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1986-07-27-sp-1691-story.html.

Vecsey, George. “Berbick Defeats Ali on Decision.” New York Times, December 12, 1981. https://www.nytimes.com/1981/12/12/sports/berbick-defeats-ali-on-decision.html?searchResultPosition=1.

Waldron, Travis. “Remembering Joe Frazier for Who He Was, Not Who He Wasn’t.” Think Progress, November 8, 2011. https://archive.thinkprogress.org/remembering-joe-frazier-for-who-he-was-not-who-he-wasnt-8971ed5c194d/.

Winderman, Ira. “Bonecrusher Means Business.” Sun-Sentinel, March 3, 1987. https://www.sun-sentinel.com/news/fl-xpm-1987-03-03-8701140028-story.html.

Wolff, Leslie R. “Remembering Smokin’ Joe Frazier, a True Champion.” Philadelphia Business Journal, June 9, 2016. https://www.bizjournals.com/philadelphia/blog/guest-comment/2016/06/remembering-smokin-joe-frazier-a-true-champion.html.