Appendix: List of Emperors

324–337	Constantine I as sole ruler
337–361	Constantius II, with Constantine II (337–340) and Constans (337–350) as augusti
361–363	Julian “The Apostate”
363–364	Jovian
364–378	Valens, with western emperors Valentinian I (364–375) and Gratian (375–378)
379–395	Theodosios I, with western emperor Valentinian II (ruled with Gratian 379–383; sole western emperor 383–392)
395–408	Arkadios in the East, with western emperor Honorius in the West (reigned 395–423)
408–450	Theodosios II in the East, with western emperor Honorius (until 423) and Valentinian III (reigned 425–455)
450–457	Marcian
457–474	Leo I
474	Leo II, with Zeno as co-emperor
474–491	Zeno (Basiliskos usurped power from 475 to 476)
476	Western emperor Romulus Augustulus overthrown by Odoacer
491–518	Anastasios I
518–527	Justin I
527–565	Justinian I
565–578	Justin II, with Tiberios as caesar (574–578)
578–582	Tiberios II
582–602	Maurice
602–610	Phokas
610–641	Herakleios
641	Heraklonas and brother Herakleios Constantine; then Heraklonas alone, with Martina as regent
641–668	Constans II
668–685	Constantine IV
685–695	Justinian II
695–698	Leontios
698–705	Tiberios III
705–711	Justinian II (again)
711–713	Philippikos
713–715	Anastasios II
715–717	Theodosios III
717–741	Leo III
741–775	Constantine V
775–780	Leo IV
780–797	Constantine VI
797–802	Irene
802–811	Nikephoros I
811	Staurakios
811–813	Michael I
813–820	Leo V
820–829	Michael II
829–842	Theophilos
842–867	Michael III
867–886	Basil I
886–912	Leo VI
912–913	Alexander
913–959	Constantine VII, with Nicholas Mystikos (913–914) and Zoe Karbonopsina (914–920) as regents; Romanos I Lekapenos (920–944) and Romanos II (945–959) as co-emperors
959–963	Romanos II
963–969	Nikephoros II Phokas
969–976	John I Tzimiskes
976–1025	Basil II
1025–1028	Constantine VIII
1028–1034	Romanos III Argyros
1034–1041	Michael IV Paphlagon
1041–1042	Michael V Kalaphates
1042	Zoe and Theodora
1042–1055	Constantine IX Monomachos
1055–1056	Theodora (again)
1056–1057	Michael VI Stratiotikos
1057–1059	Isaac I Komnenos
1059–1067	Constantine X Doukas
1067–1068	Empress Eudokia Makrembolitissa (regent)
1068–1071	Romanos IV Diogenes
1071–1078	Michael VII Doukas
1078–1081	Nikephoros III Botaneiates
1081–1118	Alexios I Komnenos
1118–1143	John II Komnenos
1143–1180	Manuel I Komnenos
1180–1183	Alexios II Komnenos
1183–1185	Andronikos I Komnenos
1185–1195	Isaac II Angelos
1195–1203	Alexios III Angelos
1203–1204	Isaac II (again), Alexios IV Angelos; Alexios V Doukas (“Mourtzouphlos”)
1205–1221	Theodore I Laskaris of Nicaea
1221–1254	John III Vatatzes of Nicaea
1254–1258	Theodore II Laskaris of Nicaea
1258–1261	John IV Laskaris of Nicaea
1261–1282	Michael VIII Palaiologos
1282–1328	Andronikos II Palaiologos
1328–1341	Andronikos III Palaiologos
1341–1391	John V Palaiologos; Andronikos IV Palaiologos usurped power 1376–1379; John VII Palaiologos usurped power briefly in 1390
1391–1425	Manuel II Palaiologos
1425–1448	John VIII Palaiologos (died 31 October 1448)
1449–1453	Constantine XI Palaiologos (crowned 6 January 1449)