Winfield, D. C., and J. Winfield. The Church of the Panaghia tou Arakos at Lagoudhere, Cyprus: The Paintings and Their Painterly Significance. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2003.

h. Silk

Muthesius, A. Studies in Byzantine, Islamic and Near Eastern Silk Weaving. London: Pindar Press, 2008.

———, et al. Byzantine Silk Weaving: A.D. 400–1200. Vienna: Fassbaender, 1971.

i. Silver

Boyd, S. A., and M. M. Mango, eds. Ecclesiastical Silver Plate in Sixth-Century Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1993.

Dodd, E. C. Byzantine Silver Stamps. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1961.

Leader-Newby, R. E. Silver and Society in Late Antiquity: Functions and Meanings of Silver Plate in the Fourth and Fifth Centuries. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.

Mango, M. M., and A. Bennett. The Sevso Treasure. Ann Arbor, Mich.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, 1994.

———. Silver from Early Byzantium: The Kaper Koraon and Related Treasures. Exhibition Catalog, Walters Art Gallery. Baltimore: Trustees for the Walters Art Gallery, 1986.

j. Miscellaneous

Brubaker, L. Vision and Meaning in Ninth-Century Byzantium: Image as Exegesis in the Homilies of Gregory of Nazianzus. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Cutler, A. Transfigurations: Studies in the Dynamics of Byzantine Iconography. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1975.

Grabar, A. Christian Iconography: A Study of Its Origins. Translated by T. Grabar. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968.

Hatzaki, M. Beauty and the Male Body in Byzantium. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2009.

Kartsonis, A. D. Anastasis: The Making of an Image. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986.

Kominis, A. D., ed. Patmos: Treasures of the Monastery. Translated by D. A. Hardy. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, 1988.

Maguire, E. D. Weavings from Roman, Byzantine, and Islamic Egypt: The Rich Life and the Dance. Urbana-Champaign, Ill.: Krannert Art Museum, 2005.

Maguire, H. Earth and Ocean: The Terrestrial World in Early Byzantine Art. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1987.

———. Art and Eloquence in Byzantium. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

Manafis, K. A. Sinai: Treasures of the Monastery of Saint Catherine. Athens: Ekdotike Athenon, 1990.

Mathew, G. Byzantine Aesthetics. London: J. Murray, 1963.

Mondzain, M.-J. Image, Icon, Economy: The Byzantine Origins of the Contemporary Imaginary. Translated by R. Franses. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2004.

Nersessian, S. der. Armenian Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 1977.

Parani, M. Reconstructing the Reality of Images: Byzantine Material Culture and Religious Iconography (11th–15th Century). Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Peers, G. Subtle Bodies: Representing Angels in Byzantium. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2001.

Vikan, G. Byzantine Pilgrimage Art. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, Trustees of Harvard University, 1982.

Walter, C. The Warrior Saints in Byzantine Art and Tradition. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.

———. Art and Ritual of the Byzantine Church. London: Variorum, 1982.

D. Cultural and Intellectual Life

Angelov, D. Imperial Ideology and Political Thought in Byzantium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Browning, R. Studies on Byzantine History, Literature and Education. Aldershot: Variorum, 1977.

Clucas, L. The Trial of John Italos and the Crisis of Intellectual Values in the Eleventh Century. Miscellanea Byzantinina Monacensia, Heft 26. Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik, Neugriechische Philologie und Byzantinische Kunstgeschichte der Universität, 1981.

Cochrane, C. N. Byzantine Books and Bookmen: A Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

———. Christianity and Classical Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.

Hussey, J. M. Ascetics and Humanists in Eleventh-Century Byzantium. London: Dr. William’s Trust, 1960.

———. Church and Learning in the Byzantine Empire, 867–1185. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.

Jeffreys, E., ed. Rhetoric in Byzantium. Papers from the Thirty-fifth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Exeter College, University of Oxford, March, 2001. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2003.

Kadellis, A. Hellenism in Byzantium: The Transformations of Greek Identity and the Reception of the Classical Tradition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2008.

Kennedy, G. A. Greek Rhetoric under Christian Emperors. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Laistner, M. L. W. Christianity and Pagan Culture in the Later Roman Empire. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1951.

Lemerle, P. Byzantine Humanism: The First Phase. Notes and Remarks on Education and Culture in Byzantium from Its Origins to the 10th Century. Translated by H. Lindsay and A. Moffat. Canberra: Australia Association for Byzantine Studies, 1986.

Mullet, M. E. Theophylact of Ochrid. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997.

Mullet, M. E., and R. Scott, eds. Byzantium and the Classical Tradition. University of Birmingham Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, 1979. Birmingham, Ala.: Centre for Byzantine Studies, 1981.

Reynolds, L. D., and N. G. Wilson, Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Runciman, S. The Byzantine Theocracy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1977.

———. The Last Byzantine Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Sevcenko, I. Byzantium and the Slavs in Letters and Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991.

———. Ideology, Letters and Culture in the Byzantine World. Aldershot: Variorum, 1982.

———. Society and Intellectual Life in Late Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum, 1981.

Wilson, N. G. Scholars of Byzantium. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.

E. Influence of Byzantium on the Italian Renaissance

Geanakoplos, D. J. Interaction of the Sibling Byzantine and Western Cultures in the Middle Ages and the Italian Renaissance. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1976.

———. Greek Scholars in Venice. Studies in the Dissemination of Greek Learning from Byzantium to Western Europe. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1962.

Kristeller, P. O. Studies in Renaissance Thought and Letters. Rome: Edizioni di storia e letteratura, 1969.

Matthews, T. F. Byzantium: From Antiquity to the Renaissance. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2010.

Monfasani, J. Byzantine Scholars in Renaissance Italy: Cardinal Bessarion and Other Emigres. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1995.

Runciman, S. The Last Byzantine Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Wilson, N. From Byzantium to Italy: Greek Studies in the Italian Renaissance. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992.

F. Literature

Agapitos, P. A. Narrative Structure in the Byzantine Vernacular Romances: A Textual and Literary Study of Kallimachos, Belthandros and Libistros. Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik and Neugriechische Philologie der Universität, 1991.

Barnes, T. Ammianus Marcellinus and the Representation of Historical Reality. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1998.

Beaton, R. The Medieval Greek Romance. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 1996.

Beaton, R., and D. Ricks, eds. Digenes Akrites: New Approaches to Byzantine Heroic Poetry. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1993.

Beck, H.-B. Geschichte der byzantinischen Volksliteratur. Munich: Beck, 1971.

Blockley, R. C. The Fragmentary Classicising Historians of the Later Roman Empire: Eunapius, Olympiodorus, Priscus, and Malchus. 2 vols. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1981–1983.

———. AmmianusMarcellinus: A Study of His Historiography and Political Thought. Brussels: Latomus, 1975.

Brock, S. P. The Harp of the Spirit: Eighteen Poems of St. Ephrem. 2nd ed. London: Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergius, 1983.

Browning, R. Medieval and Modern Greek. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1983.

———. Studies on Byzantine History, Literature and Education. Aldershot: Variorum, 1977.

———. “Homer in Byzantium.” Viator 6 (1975): 15–33.

Cameron, Alan. The Greek Anthology: From Meleager to Planudes. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

———. Literature and Society in the Early Byzantine World. Aldershot: Variorum, 1985.

Cameron, A. Christianity and the Rhetoric of Empire: The Development of Christian Discourse. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

———. Procopius and the Sixth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985.

———. Agathias. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1970.

Croke, B. Count Marcellinus and His Chronicle. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Croke, B., and A. Emmett, eds. History and Historians in Late Antiquity. New York: Pergamon, 1983.

Eugenianos, N. Drosilla and Charikles: A Byzantine Novel. Wauconda: Bolchazy-Caarducci Publishers, 2004.

Hägg, T. The Novel in Antiquity. Rev. ed. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1983.

Hunger, H. Die hochsprachliche profane Literatur der Byzantiner. Munich: Beck, 1978.

Jeffreys, E. M., and M. J. Jeffreys. Popular Literature in Late Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum, 1983.

Kazhdan, A. P. A History of Byzantine Literature (650–850). Athens: Institute for Byzantine Research, 1999.

Kazhdan, A. P., and S. Franklin. Studies on Byzantine Literature of the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

Kennedy, G. A. Greek Rhetoric under Christian Emperors. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Krumbacher, K. Geschichte der byzantinischen Litteratur von Justinian bis zum Ende des ostromischen Reiches, 527–1453. 2nd ed. Munich: Beck, 1897.

Kustas, G. L. Studies in Byzantine Rhetoric. Thessalonike: Patriarchikon Hidryma Paterikon Meleton, 1973.

Lauxtermann, M. D. Byzantine Poetry from Pisides to Geometres. Vol 1. Vienna: Verlag der Österreichische Akademie der Wissenschaften, 2003.

Littlewood, A. “Literature,” in Palgrave Advances in Byzantine History. Edited by J. Harris, 133–146. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Mango, C. Byzantine Literature as a Distorting Mirror: An Inaugural Lecture Delivered before the University of Oxford on 21 May 1974. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975.

Mango, C., and I. Sevcenko, eds. Byzantine Books and Bookmen. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

Matthews, J. F. The Roman Empire of Ammianus. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1989.

Panagiotis, A., and O. Smith. The Study of Medieval Greek Romance. Copenhagen: University of Copenhagen Press, 1992.

Paton, W. R., trans. The Greek Anthology. 5 vols. New York: G. P. Putnam, 1925–1927.

Robins, R. H. The Byzantine Grammarians: Their Place in History. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1993.

Rohrbacher, D. The Historians of Late Antiquity. London: Routledge, 2002.

Rosenqvist, J. O. Die byzantinische Literatur: Vom 6. Jahrhundert bis zum Fall Konstantinopels 1453. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 2007.

Speck, P. Understanding Byzantium: Studies in Byzantine Historical Sources. Aldershot: Variorum, 2000.

Treadgold, W. The Early Byzantine Historians. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2010.

Wilson, N. Scholars of Byzantium. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.

Young, F. M., L. Ayres, and A. Louth, eds. The Cambridge History of Early Christian Literature. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2004.

G. Music

Carnavis, C. Byzantine Chant. Belmont, Mass.: Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 1998.

———. Byzantine Sacred Music: The Traditional Music of the Orthodox Church, Its Nature, Purpose, and Execution. Belmont, Mass.: Institute for Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies, 1974.

Conomos, D. Byzantine Hymnography and Byzantine Chant. Brookline, Mass.: Hellenic College Press, 1984.

Harris, S., ed. Communion Chants of the Thirteenth-Century Byzantine Asmatikon. Abingdon: Routledge, 1998.

Hatherly, S. G. A Treatise on Byzantine Music (1892). Whitefish, Mont.: Kessinger Publishing, 2010.

Strunk, O. Essays on Music in the Byzantine World. New York: W. W. Norton, 1977.

Szövérffy, J. in collaboration with E. C. Topping. A Guide to Byzantine Hymnography. 2 vols. Brookline, Mass.: Classical Folia Editions; Leiden: Brill, 1978–1979.

Troelsgard, C. Byzantine Neumes: A New Introduction to the Middle Byzantine Notation. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press, 2011.

———. Byzantine Chant: Tradition and Reform. Aarhus: Aarhus University Press, 1997.

Wellesz, E. A History of Byzantine Music and Hymnography. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1961.

———. The Music of the Byzantine Church. Cologne: Arno Volk Verlag, 1959.

H. Philosophy

Ahrweiler, H. L’idéologie politique et l’Empire byzantin. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1975.

Alexander, P. J. Religious and Political History and Thought in the Byzantine Empire. London: Variorum, 1978.

Armstrong, A. H. The Cambridge History of Later Greek and Early Medieval Philosophy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1967.

Barker, E. Social and Political Thought in Byzantium, from Justinian I to the Last Palaeologus. Passages from Byzantine Writers and Documents. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1957.

Dvornik, F. Early Christian and Byzantine Political Philosophy: Origins and Backgrounds. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1966.

Hadot, P. The Inner Citadel: The Meditations of Marcus Aurelius, translated by M. Chase. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

Ierodiakonou, K., ed. Byzantine Philosophy and Its Ancient Sources. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Tatakis, B. Byzantine Philosophy. Indianapolis, Ind.: Hackett Publishing, 2003.

Wolfson, H. A. The Philosophy of the Church Fathers. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1970.

I. Science

Haskins, C. H. Studies in the History of Mediaeval Science. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1924.

Heath, T. A History of Greek Mathematics. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1921.

McCabe, A. A Byzantine Encyclopedia of Horse Medicine: The Sources, Compilation, and Transmission of the Hippiatrica. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2007.

O’Leary, De. L. How Greek Science Passed to the Arabs. 2nd ed. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1951.

Patlagean, E., ed. Maladie et société à Byzance. Spoleto: Centro itlaliano di studi sull’Alto Medioeveo, 1993.

Pingree, D. “Gregory Chioniades and Palaeologan Astronomy.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 18 (1964): 133–160.

Poschos, E. A., and P. Sotiroudis. The Schemata of the Stars: Byzantine Astronomy from A.D. 1300. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing, 1999.

Scarborough, J., ed. Symposium on Byzantine Medicine. Dumbarton Oaks Papers, Vol. 38. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1984.

Sevcenko, I. “Remarks on the Diffusion of Byzantine Scientific and Pseudo-scientific Literature among the Orthodox Slavs.” Slavonic and East European Review 59 (1981): 321–345.

VIII. Economy

A. Surveys

Harvey, A. Economic Expansion in the Byzantine Empire, 900–1200. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989.

Hendy, M. F. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

Holo, J. Byzantine Jewry in the Mediterranean Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Kent, J. P. C., and K. S. Painter. Wealth of the Roman World, A.D. 300–700. London: British Museum Publications, 1977.

Kingsley, S. A., and M. Decker, eds. Economy and Exchange in the East Mediterranean during Late Antiquity. Oxford: Oxbow, 2001.

Laiou, A. E. The Economic History of Byzantium: Seventh through the Fifteenth Century. 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.

———. Gender, Society and Economic Life in Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum, 1992.

Laiou, A. E., and C. Morrisson. The Byzantine Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Lopez, R. S. Byzantium and the World around It: Economic and Institutional Relations. London: Variorum, 1978.

Mango, M. M., ed. Byzantine Trade, 4th–12th Centuries. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009.

McCormick, M. The Origins of the European Economy: Communications and Commerce, AD 300–900. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Morrisson, C., and J. Lefort, eds. Hommes et richesses dans l’Empire byzantin I, IVe–VIIe siècle. 2 vols. Paris: P. Lethielleux, 1989–1991.

Patlagean, E. Pauvreté économique et pauvreté sociale à Byzance, 4e–7e siècles. Paris: Mouton, 1977.

Sarris, P. Economy and Society in the Age of Justinian. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

B. The Rural Economy

Banagi, J. Agrarian Changes in Late Antiquity: Gold, Labour, and Aristocratic Dominance. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

Bryer, A. “Byzantine Agricultural Implements: The Evidence of Medieval Illustrations of Hesiod’s Works and Days.” Annual of the British School at Athens 81 (1986): 45–80.

Dunn, A. “The Exploitation and Control of Woodland and Scrubland in the Byzantine World.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 16 (1992): 235–298.

Kaplan, M. Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du VIe au XIe siècle. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1992.

Laiou, A. Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Period: A Social and Demographic Study. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Lemerle, P. The Agrarian History of Byzantium from the Origins to the Twelfth Century. Galway: Galway University Press, 1979.

MacMullen, R. “Late Roman Slavery.” Historia 36 (1987): 359–382.

Teall, J. “The Byzantine Agricultural Tradition.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 25 (1971): 35–39.

———. “The Grain Supply of the Byzantine Empire, 330–1025.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 13 (1959): 87–139.

C. Coinage

Bates, G. E. Byzantine Coins. Archaeological Exploration of Sardis Monograph Series No. 1. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1971.

Bellinger, A. R., and P. Grierson. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. 3 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1966–1973.

Evans, J. D. The Joint Expedition to Caesarea Maritima. The Coins and the Hellenistic and Byzantine Economy of Palestine. Oxford: Oxbow, 2007.

Foss, C. Arab-Byzantine Coins: An Introduction, with a Catalogue of the Dumbarton Oaks Collection. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009.

Georganteli, E. S. Encounters: Travels and Money in the Byzantine World. London: Giles, 2006.

Grierson, P. Catalogue of the Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Vol. 5: Michael VIII to Constantine XI, 1258–1453. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1999.

———. Byzantine Coins. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Grierson, P., and M. Mays. Catalogue of Late Roman Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1992.

Harl, K. W. Guide to Coins Commonly Found at Anatolian Excavations: Byzantine (A.D. 498–1282). Istanbul: Archeology and Art Publications, 2001.

———. Coinage in the Roman Economy, 300 B.C. to A.D. 700. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996.

Hendy, M. F. Catalogue of Byzantine Coins in the Dumbarton Oaks Collection and in the Whittemore Collection: Alexius I to Michael VIII, 1081–1261. Vol. 4. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1999.

———. The Economy, Fiscal Administration and Coinage of Byzantium. Northampton: Variorum, 1989.

———. Studies in the Byzantine Monetary Economy c. 300–1450. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985.

———. Coinage and Money in the Byzantine Empire, 1081–1261. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1969.

D. Commerce

Bruno, B. Roman and Byzantine Malta: Trade and Economy. Translated by G. Cutajar. Valetta, Malta: Midsea Books, 2009.

Heyd, W. Histoire du commerce du Levant au moyen âge. 2 vols. Leipzig: O. Harrassowitz, 1936. Reprinted Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1967.

Jacoby, D. Trade, Commodities and Shipping in the Medieval Mediterranean. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997.

Lopez, R. S. Byzantium and the World around It: Economic and Institutional Relations. Aldershot: Variorum, 1978.

Mango, M. M. Byzantine Trade, 4th–12th Centuries. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2009.

Parani, M. G. Reconstructing the Reality of Images: Byzantine Material Culture and Religious Iconography 11th–15th Centuries. Leiden: Brill, 2003.

E. Finance

Duncan-Jones, R. Money and Government in the Roman Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

King, C. E., ed. Imperial Revenue, Expenditure and Monetary Policy in the Fourth Century A.D.: The Fifth Oxford Symposium on Coinage and Monetary History. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1980.

Treadgold, W. The Byzantine State Finances in the Eighth and Ninth Centuries. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

IX. Neighboring Peoples and States

A. Arabs

Bonner, M., ed. Arab-Byzantine Relations in Early Islamic Times. Aldershot: Variorum, 2005.

Brooks, E. W. “The Arabs in Asia Minor (641–750), from Arabic Sources.” Journal of Hellenic Studies 18 (1898): 182–208.

———. “Byzantines and Arabs in the Time of the Early Abbasids.” English Historical Review 15 (1900): 728–747; 16 (1901): 84–92.

Cameron, A., and L. L. Conrad. The Byzantine and Early Islamic Near East. 3 vols. Princeton, N.J.: Darwin Press, 1992–1995.

Canard, M. Histoire de la dynastie des H’amdanides de Jazîra et de Syrie. Algiers: J. Carbonel, 1951.

Donner, F. M. The Early Islamic Conquests. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1981.

El Cheikh, N. M. Byzantium Viewed by the Arabs. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Center for Middle Eastern Studies, 2004.

Honigmann, E. Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071. (Published as vol. 3 of A. A. Vasiliev, Byzance et les Arabes.) Brussels: Institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales, 1935.

Kaegi, W. E. Byzantium and the Early Islamic Conquests. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Kennedy, H. The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates. The Islamic Near East from the Sixth to the Eleventh Century. London: Longman, 1986.

———. The Early Abbasid Caliphate. London: Croom Helm, 1981.

Koenen, U., and M. Müller-Wiener. Grenzgange im östlichen Mittelmeerraum: Byzanz und die islamische Welt vom 9. bis 13. Jahrhundert. Wiesbaden: Reichert Verlag, 2008.

Shahîd, I. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Sixth Century. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1995.

———. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fifth Century. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1989.

———. Byzantium and the Arabs in the Fourth Century. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1984.

Vasiliev, A. A. Byzance et les Arabes. 3 vols. Brussels: Institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales, 1935.

B. Armenia

Boase, T. S. R., ed. The Cilician Kingdom of Armenia. Edinburgh: Scottish Academic Press, 1978.

Der Nersessian, S. “The Kingdom of Cilician Armenia,” in A History of the Crusades. Vol. 2. Edited by K. M. Setton, 630–659. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969.

Garsoïan, N. G. Church and Culture in Early Medieval Armenia. Aldershot: Variorum, 1999.

———. Armenia between Byzantium and the Sasanians. London: Variorum, 1985.

Garsoïan, N. G., T. F. Mathews, and R. W. Thomson, eds. East of Byzantium: Syria and Armenia in the Formative Period. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1982.

Grousset, R. Histoire de l’Arménie: Des origines à 1071. Paris: Payot, 1947.

Laurent, J. L’Arménie entre Byzance et l’Islam depuis la conquète arabe jusqu’en 886. Paris: Bibliotheque des École français, 1919; Second edition by M. Canard, ed. Lisbon: Fondation Gulbenkian, 1980.

Redgate, A. E. The Armenians. Oxford: Blackwell, 1998.

C. The Caucasus

Allen, W. E. D. A History of the Georgian People. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1932.

Toumanoff, C. Studies in Christian Caucasian History. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 1963.

D. Crusader States, Crusades

Bon, A. La Morée franque. 2 vols. Paris: E. de Boccard, 1969.

Harris, J. Byzantium and the Crusades. London: Hambledon & London, 2003.

Laiou, A. E., and R. P. Mottahedeh, eds. The Crusades from the Perspective of Byzantium and the Muslim World. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 2001.

Lilie, R.-J. Byzantium and the Crusader States, 1096–1204. Translated by J. C. Morris and J. E. Ridings. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Lock, P. The Franks in the Aegean, 1204–1500. London: Longman, 1995.

Mayer, H. The Crusades. Translated by J. Gillingham. London: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Ohnworge, W. Abendland und Byzanz. Darmstadt: H. Genter, 1958.

Queller, D. E., and T. F. Madden. The Fourth Crusade: The Conquest of Constantinople. 2nd Rev. ed. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

Runciman, S. A History of the Crusades. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1951–1954.

Setton, K. M., ed. A History of the Crusades. 2nd ed. 6 vols. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1969–1989.

E. Germanic Peoples

Amory, P. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy 489–554. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Burns, T. S. A History of the Ostro-Goths. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1984.

Gillet, A., ed. On Barbarian Identity: Critical Approaches to Ethnicity in the Early Middle Ages. Turnhout: Brepols, 2002.

Heather, P. The Goths. Oxford: Blackwell, 1996.

———. Goths and Romans, 332–489. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1991.

Merrills, A. H. Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.

Merrills, A. H., and R. Miles. The Vandals. Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

Pohl, W., ed. Kingdoms of the Empire: The Integration of Barbarians in Late Antiquity. Leiden: Brill, 1997.

Thompson, E. A. The Goths in Spain. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969.

———. The Visigoths in the Time of Ulfila. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1966.

———. The Early Germans. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1965.

Vasiliev, A. A. The Goths in the Crimea. Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1936.

Wolfram, H. History of the Goths. Translated by T. J. Dunlap. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

F. Hungary

Makk, F. The Árpáds and the Comneni: Political Relations between Hungary and Byzantium in the Twelfth Century. Translated by G. Novák. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, 1989.

Moravcsik, G. Byzantium and the Magyars. Translated by S. R. Rosenbaum. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1970.

———. “Hungary and Byzantium in the Middle Ages,” in Cambridge Medieval History, Vol. 4, Part l. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1966.

Urbansky, A. B. Byzantium and the Danube Frontier: A Study of Relations between Byzantium, Hungary, and the Balkans during the Period of the Comneni. New York: Twayne, 1968.

G. Huns

Maenchen-Helfen, J. O. The World of the Huns. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1973.

Thompson, E. A. A History of Attila and the Huns. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1948. Reissued as The Huns. Oxford: Blackwell, 1995.

H. Italian States

Balard, M. La mer noire et la Romanie génoise: XIIIe–XVe siècles. Aldershot: Variorum, 1989.

———. La Romanie génoise: XIIe–début du XVe siècle. 2 vols. Rome: École française de Rome, 1978.

Day, G. W. Genoa’s Response to Byzantium, 1155–1204. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press, 1988.

Matthew, D. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Nicol, D. Byzantium and Venice: A Study in Diplomatic and Cultural Relations. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988.

I. Principalities in Greece

Bon, A. La Morée franque. Recherches historiques, topographiques et archéologique sur la principauté d’Achaie (1205–1430). Paris: E. de Boccard, 1969.

———. Le Péloponnèse byzantine jusqu’en 1204. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1951.

Hetherington, P. Byzantine and Medieval Greece: Churches, Castles and Art of the Mainland and Peloponnese. London: Murray, 1991.

Longnon, J. L’empire latin de Constantinople et la principauté de Morée. Paris: Payot, 1949.

Miller, W. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: J. Murray, 1908.

Nicol, D. M. The Despotate of Epiros, 1267–1479: A Contribution to the History of Greece in the Middle Ages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984.

J. Russia

Fedotov, G. P. The Russian Religious Mind. 2 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1946–1966.

Franklin, S., and J. Shepard. The Emergence of Rus 750–1200. London: Longman, 1996.

Meyendorff, J. Byzantium and the Rise of Russia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981.

Poppe, A. The Rise of Christian Russia. Aldershot: Variorum, 1982.

Thomson, F. J. The Reception of Byzantine Culture in Medieval Russia. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

Vasiliev, A. A. “The Second Russian Attack on Constantinople.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 6 (1951): 161–225.

———. The Russian Attack on Constantinople in 860. Cambridge, Mass.: Mediaeval Academy of America, 1946.

K. Slavs

Browning, R. Byzantium and Bulgaria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1975.

Curta, F. The Making of the Slavs: History and Archaeology of the Lower Danube Region, c.500–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2001.

Dvornik, F. Byzantine Missions among the Slavs: SS. Constantine-Cyril and Methodius. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1970.

Fine, John. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Late Twelfth Century to the Ottoman Conquest. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1987.

———. The Early Medieval Balkans: A Critical Survey from the Sixth to the Late Twelfth Century. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1983.

Hoddinott, R. F. Bulgaria in Antiquity: An Archaeological Introduction. London: Ernest Benn, 1975.

Obolensky, D. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453. New York: Praeger, 1971.

———. Byzantium and the Slavs. Aldershot: Variorum, 1971.

Runciman, S. A History of the First Bulgarian Empire. London: G. Bell and Sons, 1930.

Sevcenko, I. Byzantium and the Slavs in Letters and Culture. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1991.

Soulis, G. C. The Serbs and Byzantium during the Reign of Tsar Stephen Dusan (1331–1355) and His Successors. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection, 1984.

———. “The Legacy of Cyril and Methodius to the Slavs.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 19 (1965): 19–43.

Tachiaos, A.-E. N. Cyril and Methodius of Thessalonica. The Acculturation of the Slavs. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 2001.

Vlasto, A. The Entry of the Slavs into Christendom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Weithmann, M. W. Die slavische Bevölkerung auf der griechischen Halbinsel. Munich: R. Trofenik, 1978.

L. Turks

Beihammer, A. D. “Defection across the Border of Islam and Christianity: Apostasy and Cross-Cultural Interaction in Byzantine-Seljuk Relations.” Speculum 86 (2011): 597–651.

Bisaha, N. Creating East and West: Renaissance Humanists and the Ottoman Turks. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2006.

Cahen, C. Pre-Ottoman Turkey. Translated by J. Jones-Williams. London: Sidgwick and Jackson, 1968.

Fleet, K., ed. The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey, 1071–1453. Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Imber, C. The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1481. Istanbul: Isis Press, 1990.

Kafadar, C. Between Two Worlds: The Construction of the Ottoman State. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.

Necipoglu, N. Byzantium between the Ottomans and the Latins: Politics and Society in the Late Empire. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Nicole, D., S. Turnbull, and J. Haldon. The Fall of Byzantium: The Ottoman Conquest of Byzantium. Oxford: Osprey, 2007.

Savvides, A. G. C. Byzantium and the Near East: Its Relations with the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum in Asia Minor, the Armenians of Cilicia and the Mongols, A.D. 1192–1237. Thessalonike: Kentron Byzantinon Ereunon, 1981.

Somel, S. A. Historical Dictionary of the Ottoman Empire. 2nd ed. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press, 2011.

Spantounes, T. On the Origin of the Ottoman Emperors. Translated by D. M. Nicol. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

Vryonis, S. The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

M. Miscellaneous

Bachrach, A. A History of the Alans in the West. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1973.

Baker, D., ed. Relations between East and West in the Middle Ages. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 1973.

Barnea, I., O. Iliescu, and C. Nicolescu, eds. Cultura Bizantinia in Romania. Bucharest: Comiteutul de Stat pentru Cultura si Arta, 1971.

Davidson, H. R. Ellis. The Viking Road to Byzantium. London: G. Allen and Unwin, 1976.

Dignes, B., and E. Winter. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Dunlop, D. M. The History of the Jewish Khazars. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.

Hanawalt, E. A. “Scandanavians in Byzantium and Normandy,” in Peace and War in Byzantium. Essays in Honor of George T. Dennis, S.J. Edited by T. S. Miller and J. Nesbitt, 114–122. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America, 1995.

Harris, A. Byzantium, Britain and the West: The Archaeology of Cultural Identity AD 400–650. London: Tempus, 2003.

Jackson, P. The Mongols and the West, 1221–1410. Harlow: Pearson Longman, 2005.

Morgan, D. The Mongols. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986.

Pollo, S., and A. Puto. The History of Albania: From Its Origin to the Present Day. Translated by G. Wiseman and G. Hole. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1981.

Pourshariati, P. Decline and Fall of the Sassanian-Parthian Confederacy and the Arab Conquest of Iran. London: Tauris, 2008.

Winnifrith, T. J. The Vlachs: The History of a Balkan People. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1987.

X. Regions

A. Asia Minor

Beihammer, A. D. “Defection across the Border of Islam and Christianity: Apostasy and Cross-Cultural Interaction in Byzantine-Seljuk Relations,” Speculum 86 (2011): 597–651.

Bryer, A. A. M. The Empire of Trebizond and the Pontos. London: Variorum, 1980.

Bryer, A. A. M., and D. Winfield. The Byzantine Monuments and Topography of the Pontos. 2 vols. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1985.

Fleet, K., ed. The Cambridge History of Turkey: Byzantium to Turkey (1071–1453). Vol. 1. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Foss, C. Cities, Fortresses and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor. London: Variorum, 1996.

———. History and Archaeology of Byzantine Asia Minor. London: Variorum, 1990.

———. Ephesus after Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

———. Byzantine and Turkish Sardis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Honigmann, E. Die Ostgrenze des byzantinischen Reiches von 363 bis 1071. (Published as vol. 3 of A. A. Vasiliev, Byzance et les Arabes.) Brussels: Institut de philologie et d’histoire orientales, 1935.

Miller, W. Trebizond: The Last Greek Empire. London: Society for the Promotion of Christian Knowledge, 1926. Reprinted Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1968.

Mitchell, S., ed. Anatolia: Land, Men, and Gods in Asia Minor. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

———. Armies and Frontiers in Roman and Byzantine Anatolia. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1983.

Ousterhout, R. G. A Byzantine Settlement in Cappadocia. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2006.

Postgate, I., and D. Thomas, eds. Excavations at Kilise Tepe, 1994–98: From Bronze Age to Byzantine in Western Cilicia. Cambridge: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2007.

Ramsay, W. M. The Historical Geography of Asia Minor. London: J. Murray, 1890. Reprinted Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1962.

———. The Social Basis of Roman Power in Asia Minor. Aberdeen: Aberdeen University Press, 1941.

———. The Cities and Bishoprics of Phrygia. 2 vols. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1895–1897.

Sinclair, T. A. Eastern Turkey: An Architectural and Archaeological Survey. 4 vols. London: Pindar Press, 1987–1990.

Vryonis, S. The Decline of Medieval Hellenism in Asia Minor and the Process of Islamization from the Eleventh through the Fifteenth Century. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971.

B. Balkans, Eastern Europe

Ferugla, J. Byzantium in the Balkans: Studies on the Byzantine Administration of the Southern Slavs from the VIIth to the XIIth Centuries. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1976.

Hoddinot, R. F. Bulgaria in Antiquity: An Archaeological Introduction. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1975.

Krivari, V. Villes et villages de Macédoine occidentale. Paris: P. Lethielleux, 1989.

Mazower, M. The Balkans: A Short History. London: Modern Library, 2000.

Mócsy, A. Pannonia and Upper Moesia. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1974.

Obolensky, D. The Byzantine Commonwealth: Eastern Europe, 500–1453. New York: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1971.

Stephenson, P. Byzantium’s Balkan Frontier: A Political Study of the Northern Balkans, 900–1204. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006.

Velkov, V. Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1977.

Wilkes, J. J. Dalmatia. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1969.

C. Cyprus

Breyer, A. A. M., and G. S. Georghallides, eds. The Sweet Land of Cyprus: Papers Given at the Twenty-fifth Jubilee Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, March 1991. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Center for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies, 1993.

Cobham, C. D. Excerpta Cypria: Materials for a History of Cyprus. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1908.

Galatariotou, C. The Making of a Saint: The Life, Times and Sanctification of Neophytos the Recluse. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991.

Hackett, J. A History of the Orthodox Church of Cyprus. London: Methuen, 1901.

Hein, E. Cyprus: Byzantine Churches and Monasteries. Ratingen: Melina-Verlag, 1998.

Hill, Sir G. History of Cyprus. 4 vols. London: Cambridge University Press, 1940–1952.

Maier, F. G. Cyprus from the Earliest Times to the Present Day. Translated by P. Gorge. London: Elek Books, 1968.

Maier, F. G., and V. Karageorghis. Paphos: History and Archaeology. Nicosia: A. G. Leventis Foundation, 1984.

Metcalf, D. M. Byzantine Cyprus. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 2009.

Sevcenko, N. P., and C. F. Moss, eds. Medieval Cyprus. Studies in Art, Architecture, and History in Memory of Doula Mouriki. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1999.

D. Egypt

Alston, R. The City in Roman and Byzantine Egypt. London: Routledge, 2001.

Bagnell, R. Egypt in the Byzantine World, 300–700. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

———. Egypt in Late Antiquity. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1993.

Goehring, J. E., and J. A. Timbie, eds. The World of Early Egyptian Christianity: Language, Literature, and Social Context. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2008.

Hardy, E. R. The Large Estates of Byzantine Egypt. New York: Columbia University Press, 1931.

Lallermand, J. L’administration civile de l’Égypte de l’avènement de Dioclétien à la création du diocèse (284–382). Brussels: Palais des Académies, 1964.

Ruffini, G. A Prosopography of Byzantine Aphrodito. Oakville, Conn.: Oxbow/David Brown Company, 2011.

E. Greece

Bon, A. Le Péloponnèse byzantin jusqu’en 1204. Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1951.

Caraher, W. R., L. J. Hall, and R. S. Moore, eds. Archaeology and History in Roman, Medieval and Post-Medieval Greece: Studies on Method and Meaning in Honor of Timothy E. Gregory. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2008.

Hetherington, P. Byzantine and Medieval Greece: Churches, Castles, and Art of the Mainland and the Peloponnese. London: Murray, 1991.

Kaldellis, A. A Christian Parthenon: Classicism and Pilgrimage in Byzantine Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Kalligas, H. A. Monemvasia: A Byzantine City-State. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Kardulias, P. N., ed. From Classical to Byzantine: Social Evolution in Late Antiquity and the Fortress at Isthmia, Greece. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 2005.

Lock, P., and G. D. R. Sanders. The Archaeology of Medieval Greece. Oxford: Oxbow, 1996.

Miller, W. The Latins in the Levant: A History of Frankish Greece (1204–1566). London: J. Murray, 1908.

Runciman, S. The Lost Capital of Byzantium: The History of Mistra and the Peloponnese. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.

Tsougarakis, D. Byzantine Crete from the Fifth Century to the Venetian Conquest. Athens: Historical Publications St. D. Basilopoulos, 1988.

F. Italy and Sicily

Amory, P. People and Identity in Ostrogothic Italy, 489–554. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Brown, T. S. Gentlemen and Officers: Imperial Administration and Aristocratic Power in Byzantine Italy, A.D. 554–800. Rome: British School at Rome, 1984.

Browning, R., ed. The Greek World: Classical, Byzantine, and Modern. London: Thames and Hudson, 2000.

Gay, J. L’Italie méridionale et l’empire Byzantine. 2 vols. Paris: Deslis Freres, 1904.

Guillou, A. Studies on Byzantine Italy. London: Variorum, 1970.

Hodgkin, T. Italy and Her Invaders. 5 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1880–1889. Reprinted Boston, Mass.: Adamant Media, 2001.

Madden, T. F. Enrico Dandalo and the Rise of Venice. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003.

Matthew, D. The Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992.

Runciman, S. The Sicilian Vespers: A History of the Mediterranean World in the Later Thirteenth Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1958. Reprinted 1992.

Takayama, H. The Administration of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily. Leiden: Brill, 1993.

Wickham, C. Early Medieval Italy: Central Power and Local Society 400–1000. Totowa, N.J.: Barnes and Noble, 1981.

Wilson, R. J. A. Sicily under the Roman Empire: The Archaeology of a Roman Province, 36 BC–AD 535. Warminster: Aris and Phillips, 1990.

Wolf, K. B. Making History: The Normans and Their Historians in Eleventh-Century Italy. Philadelphia: Pennsylvania University Press, 1995.

G. Palestine and Syria

Downey, G. A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest. Prince-ton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Glucker, A. M. The City of Gaza in the Roman and Byzantine Periods. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1987.

Gutwein, K. C. Third Palestine: A Regional Study in Byzantine Urbanization. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1982.

Hirschfeld, Y. The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992.

Liebeschuetz, J. Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1972.

Shereshevski, J. Byzantine Urban Settlements in the Negev Desert. Beersheba: Ben-Gurion University of the Negev Press, 1991.

Tchalenko, G. Villages antiques de la Syrie du Nord: Le massif du Bélus à l’époque romaine. 3 vols. Paris: P. Geuthner, 1953–1958.

H. Other Regional Studies

Curtis, V. S., and S. Stewart, eds. The Sassanian Era (The Idea of Iran). London: Tauris, 2008.

Dignas, B., and E. Winter. Rome and Persia in Late Antiquity: Neighbors and Rivals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.

Dodgeon, M. H., and S. N. C. Lieu. The Roman Frontier and the Persian Wars AD 226–363. London: Routledge, 1991.

Greatrex, G., and S. N. C. Lieu. The Roman Eastern Frontier and Persian Wars AD 363–628. London: Routledge, 2002.

Johnson, S. Later Roman Britain. New York: Scribner, 1980.

Kennedy, D., and D. Riley. Rome’s Desert Frontier from the Air. London: Batsford, 1990.

Lightfoot, C. S. The Eastern Frontier of the Roman Empire. 2 vols. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1989.

Malamut, E. Les îles de l’empire byzantine, VIIIe–XIIe siècles. 2 vols. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1988.

Merrills, A. H. Vandals, Romans and Berbers: New Perspectives on Late Antique North Africa. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2004.

Parker, S. T. Romans and Saracens: A History of the Arabian Frontier. Philadelphia: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1985.

Pringle, D. The Defence of Byzantine Africa from Justinian to the Arab Conquest. 2 vols. Oxford: British Institute of Archaeology, 1981.

Todd, M. Roman Britain 55 BC–AD 400. London: Fontana Press, 1981.

XI. Society

A. Aristocracy

Angold, Michael, ed. The Byzantine Aristocracy: IX to XIII Centuries. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1984.

Arnheim, M. T. W. The Senatorial Aristocracy in the Later Roman Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.

Cheynet, J.-C. Pouvoir et contestations à Byzance (963–1210). Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1990.

Lilie, R.-J., et al., eds. Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit. Abteiling I: 641–867. 5 vols. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998–2002.

Matthews, J. Western Aristocracies and Imperial Court A.D. 364–425. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1975. Reprinted 1990.

Nicol, D. The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus), ca. 1100–1460. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1968.

B. Cities

Alston, R. The City in Roman and Byzantine Egypt. London: Routledge, 2001.

Browning, I. Jerash and the Decapolis. London: Chatto and Windus, 1982.

———. Petra. London: Chatto and Windus, 1973.

Burns, T. S., and J. W. Eadie, eds. Urban Centers and Rural Contexts in Late Antiquity. East Lansing: Michigan State University Press, 2001.

Cameron, A. Circus Factions: Blues and Greens at Rome and Byzantium. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1976.

Cameron, A., and J. Herrin, eds. Constantinople in the Eighth Century. Leiden: Brill, 1984.

Castrèn, P. Post-Herulian Athens. Athens: Finnish Institute at Athens, 1994.

Ciggaar, K., and M. Metcalf, eds. East and West in the Medieval Mediterranean: Antioch from the Byzantine Reconquest until the End of the Crusader Principality. Leuven: Peeters Publishing, 2006.

Crow, J., J. Bardell, and R. Bayliss. The Water Supply of Byzantine Constantinople. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 2008.

Deliyannis, D. M. Ravenna in Late Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

Downey, G. A History of Antioch in Syria from Seleucus to the Arab Conquest. Prince-ton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1961.

Erim, K. Aphrodisias, City of Venus Aphrodite. London: Muller, Blond and White, 1986.

Foss, C. Cities, Fortresses, and Villages of Byzantine Asia Minor. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996.

———. Nicaea: A Byzantine Capital and Its Praises. Brookline, Mass.: Hellenic College Press, 1996.

———. History and Archaeology of Byzantine Asia Minor. Aldershot: Variorum, 1990.

———. Ephesus after Antiquity: A Late Antique, Byzantine and Turkish City. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1979.

———. Byzantine and Turkish Sardis. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976.

Ganghoffer, R. L’èvolution des institutions municipals en occident et en orient au bas-empire Paris: R. Picton et R. Durand-Auzies, 1963.

Harris, J. Constantinople: Capital of Byzantium. London: Continuum, 2009.

Hattersley-Smith, K. Byzantine Public Architecture between the 4th and early 11th centuries AD, with Special Reference to the Towns of Byzantine Macedonia. Thessalonika: Society for Macedonian Studies, 1996.

Hohlfelder, R., ed. City, Town and Countryside in the Early Byzantine Era. New York: Columbia University Press, 1982.

Janin, R. Constantinople byzantine: Développement urbain et répertoire topographique. Paris: Institut français d’études byzantines, 1964.

Jones, A. H. M. The Cities of the Eastern Roman Provinces. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1971.

———. The Greek City from Alexander to Justinian. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.

Kaldellis, A. The Christian Pantheon: Classicism and Pilgrimage in Byzantine Athens. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Kalligas, H. A. Monemvasia: A Byzantine City-State. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Kondoleon, C., ed. Antioch: The Lost Ancient City. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2000.

Kraeling, C. H. Ptolemais: City of the Libyan Pentapolis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1962.

———. Gerasa: City of the Decapolis. New Haven, Conn.: American Schools of Oriental Research, 1938.

Krautheimer, R. Rome: Profile of a City, 312–1308. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Kreki¢, B. Dubrovnik: A Mediterranean Urban Society, 1300–1600. Aldershot: Variorum, 1997.

———. Dubrovnik, Italy and the Balkans in the Late Middle Ages. London: Variorum, 1980.

Lavan, L., ed. Recent Research in Late Antique Urbanism. Portsmouth, R.I.: Journal of Roman Archaeology, Supplement 42, 2001.

Liebeschuetz, J. H. W. G. The Decline and Fall of the Roman City. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

———. Antioch: City and Imperial Administration in the Later Roman Empire. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1972.

Magdalino, P. Studies on the History and Topography of Byzantine Constantinople. Aldershot: Variorum, 2007.

———. Constantinople médiévale: études sur l’évolution des structures urbaines. Paris: De Boccard, 1996.

Mango, C. Studies on Constantinople. Aldershot: Variorum, 1993.

Mango, C., and G. Dagron, eds. Constantinople and Its Hinterland: Papers from the Twenty-seventh Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. Aldershot: Variorum, 1995.

Necipoglu, N., ed. Byzantine Constantinople: Monuments, Topography, and Everyday Life. Leiden: Brill, 2001.

Rich, J. The City in Antiquity. London: Routledge, 1992.

Roueché, C. Aphrodisias in Late Antiquity. London: Society for the Promotion of Roman Studies, 1989.

Runciman, S. Mistra: Byzantine Capital of the Peloponnese. London: Thames and Hudson, 1980.

Sandwell, I., and J. Huskinson, eds. Culture and Society in Late Roman Antioch. Oxford: Oxbow, 2003.

Segal, J. B. Edessa: “The Blessed City.” Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1970.

Tinnefeld, F. Die frühbyzantinische Gesellschaft. Munich: Institut für Byzantinistik, 1977.

Turnbull, S. The Walls of Constantinople, AD 324–1453. Oxford: Osprey, 2004.

Velkov, V. Cities in Thrace and Dacia in Late Antiquity. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1977.

Zavagno, L. Cities in Transition: Urbanism in Byzantium between Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages (500–900 A.D.). Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 2009.

Zikos, N. Amphipolis. Early Christian and Byzantine Amphipolis. Translated by David Hardy. Athens: Ministry of Culture Archaeological Research Fund, 1997.

C. Demography; Minorities; Slavery

Ahrweiler, H., and A. E. Laiou. Studies on the Internal Diaspora of the Byzantine Empire. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1998.

Arietta, P., and A.-M. Talbot, eds. Becoming Byzantine: Children and Childhood in Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009.

Avi-Yonah, M. The Jews of Palestine: A Political History from the Bark Kokhba War to the Arab Conquest. Oxford: Blackwell, 1976.

Benjamin of Tudela. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. Edited and translated by M. N. Adler. London: F. Frowde, 1907.

Bowman, S. B. The Jews of Byzantium, 1204–1453. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama Press, 1985.

Charanis, P. “Cultural Diversity and the Breakdown of Byzantine Power in Asia Minor.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 29 (1975): 3–20.

———. Studies on the Demography of the Byzantine Empire. London: Variorum, 1972.

———. The Armenians in the Byzantine Empire. Lisbon: Fudação Calouste Gulbenkian, 1963.

Hennessy, C. Images of Children in Byzantium. Farnham: Ashgate, 2008.

Holo, J. Byzantine Jewry in the Mediterranean Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2009.

Jacoby, D. “La population de Constantinople à l’époque byzantine.” Byzantion 31 (1961): 81–109.

Laiou-Thomadakis, A. E. Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Period: A Social and Demographic Study. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Morrisson, C., and J. Lefort, eds. Hommes et richesses dans l’empire byzantin. 2 vols. Paris: P. Lethielleux, 1989–1991.

Rotman, Y. Byzantine Slavery and the Mediterranean World. Translated by J. M. Todd. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2009.

Russell, J. C. Late Ancient and Medieval Population. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1958.

Sharf, A. Byzantine Jewry from Justinian to the Fourth Crusade. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1971.

Smythe, D. C., ed. Strangers to Themselves: The Byzantine Outsider. Papers from the 32nd Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, University of Sussex, March 1998. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2000.

Starr, J. The Jews in the Byzantine Empire, 641–1204. Athens: Verlag der Byzantinish-Neugriechischen Jahrbücher, 1939.

D. Education

Browning, R. Studies on Byzantine History, Literature and Education. London: Variorum, 1977.

Cameron, A. Christianity and the Rhetoric of Empire: The Development of Christian Discourse. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Cochrane, C. N. Byzantine Books and Bookmen: A Dumbarton Oaks Colloquium, 1971. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

———. Christianity and Classical Culture. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1940.

Constantinides, C. N. Higher Education in Byzantium in the Thirteenth and Early Fourteenth Centuries (1204–ca. 1310). Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 1982.

Davids, A. The Empress Theophano: Byzantium and the West at the Turn of the First Millennium. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Holmes, C., and J. Waring. Literacy, Education, and Manuscript Transmission in Byzantium and Beyond. Leiden: Brill, 2003.

Hussey, J. Church and Learning in the Byzantine Empire, 867–1185. London: Oxford University Press, 1937.

Kaster, R. Guardians of Language: The Grammarian and Society in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.

Kennedy, G. A. Greek Rhetoric under Christian Emperors. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983.

Lemerle, P. Byzantine Humanism: The First Phase. Notes and Remarks on Education and Culture in Byzantium from Its Origins to the 10th Century. Translated by H. Lindsay and A. Moffat. Canberra: Australia Association for Byzantine Studies, 1986.

Marrou, H. I. A History of Education in Antiquity. New York: Sheed and Ward, 1956.

Mullet, M., and R. Scott, eds. Byzantium and the Classical Tradition. University of Birmingham Thirteenth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, 1979. Birmingham, Ala.: University of Birmingham, 1981.

Reynolds, L. D., and N. G. Wilson. Scribes and Scholars: A Guide to the Transmission of Greek and Latin Literature. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991.

Runciman, S. The Last Byzantine Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970.

Watts, E. City and School in Late Antique Athens and Alexandria. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.

E. Gender

Boswell, J. Same-Sex Unions in Premodern Europe. New York: Random House, 1995.

Brock, S. P., and S. A. Harvey. Holy Women of the Syrian Orient. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

Brown, P. The Body and Society: Men, Women and Sexual Renunciation in Early Christianity. New York: Columbia University Press, 1988.

Buckler, G. Anna Comnena. London: Oxford University Press, 1929.

Cameron, A., and A. Kuhrt, eds. Images of Women in Antiquity. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1983.

Cesaretti, P. Theodora: Empress of Byzantium. New York: Vendome Press, 2004.

Clark, G. Women in Late Antiquity: Pagan and Christian Life-Styles. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Connor, C. L. Women of Byzantium. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2004.

Dalven, R. F. Anna Comnena. New York: Twayne, 1972.

Evans, J. A. The Empress Theodora: Partner of Justinian. Austin: University of Texas Press, 2003.

Galatarioutou, C. “Holy Women and Witches: Aspects of Byzantine Conceptions of Gender.” Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 9 (1984–1985): 55–94.

Garland, L., ed. Byzantine Women: Varieties of Experience, 800–1200. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2006.

———. Byzantine Empresses: Women and Power in Byzantium, A.D. 527–1204. London: Routledge, 1999.

Gouma-Peterson, ed. Bibliography on Women in Byzantium. Wooster, Ohio: College of Wooster, 1995.

Harvey, S. A. “Women in Early Byzantine Hagiography: Reversing the Story,” in That Gentle Strength: Historical Perspectives on Women in Christianity. Edited by L. Coon. Charlottesville: University of Virginia Press, 1990.

Herrin, J. “In Search of Byzantine Women: Three Avenues of Approach,” in Images of Women in Antiquity. Edited by A. Cameron and A. Kuhrt. London: Croom Helm, 1983.

———. “Women and the Faith in Icons in Early Christianity,” in Culture, Ideology and Society. Edited by R. R. Samuel and G. S. Jones. London: Routledge and K. Paul, 1983.

Holum, K. Theodosian Empresses: Women and Imperial Domination in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

James, L. Empresses and Power in Early Byzantium. London: Continuum, for Leicester University Press, 2001.

———, ed. Desire and Denial in Byzantium. Papers from the 31st Symposium of Byzantine Studies. Brighton, March 1997. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999.

———. Women, Men, and Eunuchs: Gender in Byzantium. London: Routledge, 1997.

Kalavrezou, I. Byzantine Women and Their World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard Art Museum, 2002.

Laiou, A. Gender, Society and Economic Life in Byzantium. Aldershot: Variorum, 1992.

Meyer, M. An Obscure Portrait: Imaging Women’s Reality in Byzantine Art. London: Pindar Press, 2009.

Nicol, D. The Byzantine Lady: Ten Portraits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Pohlsander, H. A. Helena: Empress and Saint. Chicago: Ares Publisher, 1995.

Ringrose, K. M. The Perfect Servant: Eunuchs and the Social Construction of Gender in Byzantium. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2004.

Salzman, M. R. “Aristocratic Women: Conductors of Christianity in the Fourth Century.” Helios 16 (1989): 207–220.

Smythe, D. C. “Gender,” in Palgrave Advances in Byzantine History. Edited by J. Harris, 157–165. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan, 2005.

Talbot, A.-M. Women and Religious Life in Byzantium. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2001.

———. Holy Women of Byzantium: Ten Saints’ Lives in English Translation. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1996.

Tougher, S. The Eunuch in Byzantine History and Society. Abingdon: Routledge, 2008.

———. Eunuchs in Antiquity and Beyond. London: Classical Press of Wales, 2002.

Vassilaki, M. Images of the Mother of God: Perceptions of the Theotokos in Byzantium. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2005.

F. Monasticism

Brown, P. “The Rise and Function of the Holy Man in Late Antiquity.” Journal of Roman Studies 61 (1971): 80–101. Reprinted in P. Brown, Society and the Holy in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982.

Bryer, A., and M. B. Cunningham. Mount Athos and Byzantine Monasticism. Aldershot: Variorum, 1996.

Caner, D. Wandering, Begging Monks: Spiritual Authority and the Promotion of Monasticism in Late Antiquity. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2002.

Charanis, P. “Monastic Properties and the State in the Byzantine Empire.” Dumbarton Oaks Papers 4 (1948): 53–118. Reprinted in P. Charanis, Social, Economic and Political Life in the Byzantine Empire. London: Variorum, 1973.

Chitty, D. J. The Desert a City: An Introduction of the Study of Egyptian and Palestinian Monasticism under the Christian Empire. Oxford: Blackwell, 1966.

Cholij, R. Theodore the Stoudite: The Ordering of Holiness. New York: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Dawes, E., and N. Baynes. Three Byzantine Saints. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1977.

Dunn, M. The Emergence of Monasticism: From the Desert Fathers to the Early Middle Ages. Oxford: Blackwell, 2000.

Hackel, S., ed. The Byzantine Saint: University of Birmingham Fourteenth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies. London: Fellowship of St. Alban and St. Sergios, 1981.

Harmless, W. Desert Christians: An Introduction to the Literature of Early Monasticism. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2004.

Harvey, S. A. Asceticism and Society in Crisis: John of Ephesus and the Lives of Eastern Saints. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990.

Hirschfeld, Y. The Judean Desert Monasteries in the Byzantine Period. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1992.

Janin, R. Les églises et les monastères des grands centres byzantins. Paris: Institut français d’études byzantines, 1975.

Laiou, A. E. Mariage, Amour et Parenté à Byzance aux XIe–XIIIe Siècles. Paris: Boccard, 1992.

Mullet, M. E., and A. Kirby. The Theotokos Evergetis and Eleventh-Century Monasticism. Belfast: Byzantine Enterprises, Queens University of Belfast, 1994.

Nicol, D. M. Meteora: The Rock Monasteries of Thessaly. Revised ed. London: Variorum, 1975.

Patrich, J. Sabas, Leader of Palestinian Monasticism: A Comparative Study in Eastern Monasticism, Fourth to Seventh Centuries. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1995.

Rousseau P. Pachomius. Rev. ed. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999.

Talbot, A.-M. “An Introduction to Byzantine Monasticism.” Illinois Classical Studies 12 (1987): 229–241.

Thomas, J. P. Private Religious Foundations in the Byzantine Empire. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Library and Collection, 1987.

Thomas, J. P., and A. C. Hero. Byzantine Monastic Foundation Documents: A Complete Translation of the Surviving Founders’ Typika and Testaments. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2001.

Turner, H. J. M. St. Symeon the New Theologian and Spiritual Fatherhood. Leiden: Brill, 1990.

G. Philanthropy

Constantelos, D. Byzantine Philanthropy and Social Welfare. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 1968; 2nd Rev. ed., New Rochelle, N.Y.: A. D. Caratzas, 1991.

Miller, T. S. The Orphans of Byzantium: Child Welfare in the Christian Empire. Washington, D.C: Catholic University of America Press, 2003.

———. The Birth of the Hospital in the Byzantine Empire. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.

Patlagean, E., ed. Maladie et société à Byzance. Spoleto: Centro italiano di studi sull’Alto Medioevo, 1993.

H. Popular Culture and Beliefs; Everyday Life

Ball, J. L., ed. Byzantine Dress: Representations of Secular Dress in Eighth–Twelfth Century Painting. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2006.

Bouras, L., and M. Parani. Lighting in Early Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009.

Bourbou, C. Health and Disease in Byzantine Crete (7th–12th Centuries AD). Aldershot: Ashgate, 2011.

Brubaker, L., and K. Linardou, eds. Eat, Drink, and Be Merry (Luke 12:19): Food and Wine in Byzantium. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2007.

Bruhn, J.-A. Coins and Costume in Late Antiquity. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1993.

Dark, K. R. Secular Buildings and the Archaeology of Everyday Life in the Byzantine Empire. Oxford: Oxbow, 2004.

Koukoules, P. Byzantinon bios kai politismos. 6 vols. Athens: Ekdoseis tou Gallikou Institoutou Athenon, 1948–1957.

Littlewood, A., H. Maguire, and J. Wolschke-Bulmahn, eds. Byzantine Garden Culture. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2002.

Macrides, R. J., ed. Travel in the Byzantine World: Papers from the Thirty-fourth Spring Symposium of Byzantine Studies, Birmingham, April 2000. Aldershot: Ashgate, 2002.

Maguire, H., ed. Byzantine Magic. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1995.

Maguire, E. D., H. P. Maguire, and M. J. Duncan-Flowers. Art and Holy Powers in the Early Christian House. Urbana-Champaign: University of Illinois Press.

Papaconstantinou, A., and A.-M. Talbot. Becoming Byzantine: Children and Childhood in Byzantium. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2009.

Rautman, M. Daily Life in Byzantium. Abingdon: Greenwood Press, 2006.

Yannopoulos, P. A. La société profane dans l’empire byzantin des VIIe, VIIIe et IXe siècles. Louvain: Université de Louvain, 1975.

I. Prosopography

Cameron, A. M. Fifty Years of Prosopography: The Later Roman Empire, Byzantium, and Beyond. London: British Academy, 2003.

Desmulliez, J., et al. Prosopographie chrétienne du Bas-Empire II. Prosopographie de l’Ialie chrétiennce (313–604). 2 vols. Rome: École Française de Rome, 1999–2000.

Jones, A. H. M., J. R. Martindale, and J. Morris, eds. The Prosopography of the Later Roman Empire, AD 260–640. 3 vols. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1971–1990.

Lilie, R.-J., et al., eds. Prosopographie der mittelbyzantinischen Zeit. Abteiling I: 641–867. 5 vols. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998–2002.

Nicol, D. Studies in Late Byzantine History and Prosopography. Aldershot: Variorum, 1986.

———. The Byzantine Family of Kantakouzenos (Cantacuzenus), ca. 1100–1460; A Genealogical and Prosopographical Study. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1968.

Polemis, D. The Doukai: A Contribution to Byzantine Prosopography. London: Athlone Press, 1968.

Ruffini, G. A Prosopography of Byzantine Aphrodito. Oakville, Conn.: Oxbow/David Brown Company, 2011.

J. Villages

Antoniadis-Bibicou, H. “Villages déserte en Grèce, un bilan provisoire,” in Villages désertés et histoire économique. Les hommes et la terre. Vol. 11. Paris: S.E.V.P.E.N., 1965.

Kaplan, M. Les hommes et la terre à Byzance du VIe au XIe siècle. Paris: Publications de la Sorbonne, 1992.

Kravari, V. Villes et villages de Macédoine occidentale. Paris: Éditions P. Lethielleux, 1989.

Laiou-Thomadakis, A. E. Peasant Society in the Late Byzantine Period: A Social and Demographic Study. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1977.

Rosser, J., W. P. Donovan, et al. “The Byzantine Occupation,” in Excavations at Nichoria in Southwest Greece: Dark Age and Byzantine Occupation, 353–424. Vol. 3. Edited by W. A. McDonald, W. D. E. Coulson, and J. Rosser. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1983.

XII. Primary Sources in Translation

(Abbasid Caliphate sources). The Eclipse of the ‘Abbasid Caliphate: Original Chronicles of the Fourth Islamic Century. Edited and translated by H. F. Amedroz and D. S. Margoliouth. 7 vols. Oxford: B. Blackwell, 1920–1921.

Actes de Lavra. P. Lemerle, ed. 4 vols. Paris: Desclée de Brouwer, 1970–1982.

Agapetus. Three Political Voices from the Age of Justinian: Agapetus—Advice to the Emperor; Dialogues on Political Science. Paul the Silentary—Description of Hagia Sophia. Translated by P. N. Bell. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2010.

Agathias. The Histories. Translated by J. D. Frendo. Berlin: DeGruyter, 1975.

Akindynos, Gregory. Letters of Gregory Akindynos. Edited and translated by A. C. Hero. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1983.

Ammianus Marcellinus. The Later Roman Empire (A.D. 354–378). Translated by Walter Hamilton. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1988.

———. Ammianus Marcellinus. Edited and translated by J. C. Rolfe. 3 vols. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935–1939. (See vol. 3, 506–569, for an English translation of Excerpta Valesiana.)

———. The Alexiad of Anna Comnena. Translated by E. R. A. Sewter. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1969.

Anna Komnene. The Alexiad of the Princess Anna Comnena, Being the History of the Reign of Her Father, Alexius I, Emperor of the Romans. Translated by E. A. S. Dawes. London: K. Paul, Trench, Trubner, 1928.

Antony. The Life of Antony and the Letter of Marcellinus. Translated by R. C. Gregg. New York: Newman Press, 1980.

Apophthegmata Patrum. The Sayings of the Desert Fathers: The Alphabetical Collection. Rev. ed. Translated by B. Ward. Kalamazoo, Mich.: Cistercian Publications, 1984.

Athanasios. Athanasius: The Life of Antony and the Letter to Marcellinus. Translated by R. C. Gregg. New York: Paulist Press, 1980.

Athanasios I. The Correspondence of Athanasius I, Patriarch of Constantinople: Letters to the Emperor Andronicus II, Members of the Imperial Family, and Officials. Edited and translated by A.-M. Talbot. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1975.

Baladhuri, A. The Origins of the Islamic State. Translated by P. Hitti. 2 vols. New York: Columbia University Press, 1916–1924.

Barbaro, N. Diary of the Siege of Constantinople. Translated by J. R. M. Jones. New York: Exposition Press, 1969.

Bar Hebraeus. (Gregory Abul-Faraj). The Chronography of Gregory Abû’l Faraj. Translated by E. A. W. Budge. 2 vols. Oxford: Oxford University Press, H. Milford, 1932.

Basil of Caesarea. Ascetical Works of Saint Basil. Translated by M. M. Wagner. 2nd ed. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1970.

Benjamin of Tudela. The Itinerary of Benjamin of Tudela. Edited and translated by M. N. Adler. London: F. Frowde, 1907.

Book of the Eparch. Die Eparchenbuch Leons des Weisen. Edited by J. Koder. Vienna: Corpus Fontium Historicorum Byzantinorum 33, 1991.

———. In Roman Law in the Later Roman Empire. Translated by E. H. Freshfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1938.

Book of Pontiffs (Liber Pontificalis). Translated by R. Davis. Revised Edition. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 2001.

Brand, C. M., ed. Icon and Minaret: Sources of Byzantine and Islamic Civilization. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.

Choniates, Niketas. O City of Byzantium: Annals of Niketas Choniates. Translated by H. Magoulias. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1984.

Chronicle of the Morea. Crusaders as Conquerors: The Chronicle of the Morea. Translated by H. E. Lurier. New York: Columbia University Press, 1964.

Chronicon Paschale. Chronicon Paschale 284–628 A.D. Translated by Michael Whitby and Mary Whitby. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1989.

Claudian. Claudian. 2 vols. Edited and translated by M. Platnauer. London: W. Heinemann, 1922.

Codex Theodosianus. The Theodosian Law Code. Translated by C. Pharr. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1952.

Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus. Three Treatises on Imperial Military Expeditions. Edited and translated by John Haldon. Vienna: Österreichishe Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1990.

———. De Administrando Imperio. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Edited by Gy. Moravcsik. Translated by R. J. H. Jenkins. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1967.

———. De Thematibus. Edited by A. Pertussi. Vatican City: Biblioteca Apostolica, 1952.

Dawes, E., and N. H. Baynes. Three Byzantine Saints: Contemporary Biographies of St. Daniel the Stylite, St. Theodore of Sykeon and St. John the Almsgiver. Translated by E. Dawes and N. H. Baynes. Crestwood, N.Y.: St. Vladimir’s Seminary Press, 1977.

Dennis, G. T. Three Byzantine Military Treatises. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1985.

De Rebus Bellicus. De Rebus Bellicus. Translated by M. W. C. Hassall and R. I. Ireland. Oxford: British Archaeological Reports, 1979.

Digenes Akrites. Digenes Akritas: The Grottaferrata and Escorial Versions. Edited and translated by E. Jeffreys. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Dodgen, M. H., and S. N. C. Lieu, eds. The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian Wars (AD 226–363): A Documentary History. London: Routledge, 1994.

Doukas. Decline and Fall of Byzantium to the Ottoman Turks. Translated by H. Magoulias. Detroit, Mich.: Wayne State University Press, 1975.

Drosilla and Charikles. Drosilla and Charikles: A Byzantine Novel. Edited by N. Eugenianos. Translated by B. Burton. Wauconda, Ill.: Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers, 2004.

Ekloga. Das Gesetzbuch Leos III und Konstantinos V. Edited, with a German translation, by L. Burgmann. Frankfurt am Main: Lowenklau-Gesellschaft, 1983.

———. A Manual of Roman Law: The Ecloga. Translated by E. H. Freshfield. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1927.

Eunapios of Sardis. In The Fragmentary Classicizing Historians of the Later Roman Empire. Edited and translated by R. C. Blockley. Vol. 1, 1–26. Liverpool: F. Cairns, 1981; Vol. 2, 1–150 Liverpool: F. Cairns, 1983.

———. In Philostratus and Eunapius, 317–596. Edited and translated by W. C. Wright. New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1952.

Eusebios of Caesarea. Life of Constantine. Translated by A. Cameron and S. G. Hall. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

———. In Praise of Constantine: A Historical Study and New Translation of Eusebius’ Tricennial Orations. Translated by H. A. Drake. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976.

———. The History of the Church from Christ to Constantine. Translated by G. A. Williamson. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1965.

Eustathios of Thessalonike. Eustathios of Thessaloniki. The Capture of Thessaloniki. Translated by J. R. Melville Jones. Canberra: Australian Association of Byzantine Studies, 1988.

Evagrios Scholastikos. Ecclesiastical History: A History of the Church in Six Books, from A.D. 431 to A.D. 594 by Evagrius. Bohn’s Ecclesiastical Library. Translated by E. Walford. London: H. G. Bohn, 1854.

Excerpta Valesiana. In Ammianus Marcellinus. Edited and translated by J. C. Rolfe. Vol. 3, 506–569. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935–1939.

Farmer’s Law. In “The Farmer’s Law.” Translated by W. Ashburner. Journal of Hellenic Studies 32 (1912): 68–95.

Fulcher of Chartres. A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem. Translated by H. S. Fink. Knoxville: University of Tennessee Press, 1969.

Geanakoplos, D. J. Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen through Contemporary Eyes. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1984.

Genesios. Genesios: On the Reigns of the Emperors. Translated by A. Kaldellis. Canberra: Australian National University, 1998.

Gesta Francorum. Gesta Francorum et aliorum Hierosolimitanorum. Edited and translated by R. Hill. London: T. Nelson, 1962.

Gordon, C. D. The Age of Attila: Fifth-Century Byzantium and the Barbarians. Selections from Priskos, Malchos, Olympiodoros, and John of Antioch. Translated by C. D. Gordon. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1960.

Greek Anthology. Greek Anthology. Translated by W. R. Paton. 5 vols. London: W. Heinemann, 1925–1926.

Gregoras, Nikephoros. Rhomäische Geschichte. Translated into German by J. L. Van Dieten. 5 vols. Stuttgart: Hiersemann, 1973–2003.

Gregory the Cellarer. The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Galesion: An Eleventh-Century Pillar Saint. Translated by R. Greenfield. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 2000.

Gunther of Pairis. The Capture of Constantinople: The Hystoria Constantinopolitana of Gunther of Pairis. Edited and translated by A. J. Andrea. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1997.

Hanawalt, E. A. An Annotated Bibliography of Byzantine Sources in English Translation. Brookline, Mass.: Hellenic College Press, 1988.

Ibn Batttuta. Travels of Ibn Battuta, A.D. 1325–1354. 5 vols. Translated by H. A. R. Gibb and C. F. Beckingham. Cambridge: Hakluyt Society, 1958–2000.

Ignatios the Deacon. The Life of the Patriarch Tarasios by Ignatios the Deacon. Edited and translated by S. Efthymiadis. Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998.

———. Correspondence of Ignatios the Deacon. Edited and translated by C. Mango with the collaboration of Stephanos Efthymiades. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1997.

John Kaminiates. The Capture of Thessalonica. Edited by D. Frendo and A. Fotiou. Translated by G. Bölig. Perth: Australian Association of Byzantine Studies, 2000.

John Lydos. On Powers, or the Magistracies of the Roman State. Edited and translated by A. C. Bandy. Philadelphia: American Philosophical Society, 1983.

John Malalas. The Chronicle of John Malalas. Translated by E. Jeffreys, M. Jeffreys, and R. Schott. Melbourne: Australian Association of Byzantine Studies, 1986.

John of Ephesus. Lives of the Eastern Saints. Translated by E. W. Brooks. Patrologia Orientalis 17 (1923): 1–307; 18 (1924): 513–698; 19 (1926): 153–285.

John of Nikiu. The Chronicle of John, Bishop of Nikiu. Translated by R. H. Charles. London: William and Norgate, 1916. Reprinted Amsterdam: Philo Press, 1982.

Jones, J. R. M., trans. The Siege of Constantinople 1453: Seven Contemporary Accounts. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1972.

Jordanes. Gothic History. Translated by C. C. Mierow. Cambridge: Speculum Historiale, 1966.

Joshua the Stylite. The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite. Edited and translated by W. Wright. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1882. Reprinted Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1968.

Julian. The Works of the Emperor Julian. Edited and translated by W. C. Wright. 3 vols. Loeb Classical Library. London: W. Heinemann; New York: Macmillan, 1913–1923.

Justinian I. The Digest of Justinian. 4 vols. Translated by A. Watson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2009.

———. Justinian’s Institutes. Translated by P. Bicks and G. McLeod. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1987.

———. The Digest of Roman Law; Theft, Rapine, Damage and Insult. Translated by C. F. Kolbert. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1979.

———. Corpus iuris civilis. The Civil Law. 17 vols. Translated by S. P. Scott. Cincinnati, Ohio: Central Trust, 1932.

Kinnamos, John. Deeds of John and Manuel Comnenus by John Kinnamos. Translated by C. Brand. New York: Columbia University Press, 1976.

Kosmas Indikopleustes. The Christian Topography of Cosmas, an Egyptian Monk. Translated by J. W. McCrindle. London: Printed for the Hakluyt Society, 1987.

Kritoboulos, Michael. History of Mehmed the Conqueor by Kritoboulos. Translated by C. T. Riggs. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1954.

Lactantius. De mortibus persecutorum. Edited and translated by J. L. Creed. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984.

Lazaros of Mt. Gelasion. The Life of Lazaros of Mt. Gelasion: An Eleventh-Century Pillar Saint. Translated by R. P. H. Greenfield. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 2000.

Leo VI. Novels. Edited and translated into French by P. Noailles and A. Dain. Paris: Les Belles Lettres, 1944.

Leo of Synada. The Correspondence of Leo, Metropolitan of Synada and Syncellus. Edited and translated by M. P. Vinson. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 1985.

Leo the Deacon. The History of Leo the Deacon: Byzantine Military Expansion in the Tenth Century. Edited and translated by A.-M. Talbot and D. Sullivan. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks, 2005.

Leontios of Jerusalem. The Life of Leontios Patriarch of Jerusalem. Translated by D. Tsougarakis. Leiden: Brill, 1993.

Lieu, S. N. C., and D. Montseratt. From Constantine to Julian: Pagan and Byzantine Views. A Source History. London: Routledge, 1996.

Liutprand of Cremona. The Complete Works of Liudprand of Cremona. Translated by P. Squatriti. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 2007.

———. The Embassy to Constantinople and Other Writings. Edited by J. Norwich and translated by F. A. Wright. London: J. M. Dent, 1993.

———. Relatio de Legatione Constantinopolitan. Edited and translated by B. Scott. London: Bristol Classical Press, 1993.

Majeska, G. P. Russian Travelers to Constantinople in the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1984.

Mango, C. The Art of the Byzantine Empire: 312–1453, Sources and Documents. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1972. Reprinted Toronto: University of Toronto Press, in association with the Medieval Academy of America, 1986.

Manuel II Komnenos. The Letters of Manuel II Palaeologus. Edited and translated by G. T. Dennis. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1977.

Marcellinus Comes. The Chronicle of Marcellinus Comes. Translated by B. Croke. Sydney: Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, 1995.

Matthew of Edessa. The Chronicle of Matthew of Edessa. Translated by A. E. Dostourian. Ph. D. Thesis, Rutgers University, 1977. Ann Arbor, Mich.: University Microfilms, 1972.

McBain, B. “An Annotated Bibliography of Sources for Late Antiquity.” Byzantine Studies 10 (1983): 88–109, 223–247.

Melania the Younger. The Life of Melania the Younger. Translated by E. A. Clark. New York: E. Mellen, 1984.

Melville-Jones, J. R. The Siege of Constantinople: Seven Contemporary Accounts. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1972.

Menander Protector. The History of Menander the Guardsman. Translated by R. C. Blockley. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press, 1985.

Michael the Syrian. Chronicle. Edited by J.-B. Chabot. Chronique de Michael le Syrien. 5 vols. Paris: Leroux, 1899–1924.

Nicholas I. Nicholas I, Patriarch of Constantinople: Miscellaneous Writings. Edited and translated by L. G. Westerink. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1981.

———. Nicholas I, Patriarch of Constantinople: Letters. Edited and translated by R. J. H. Jenkins and L. G. Westerink. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Center for Byzantine Studies, 1973.

Nicholas of Sion. The Life of Nicholas of Sion. Translated by I. Sevcenko and N. Sevcenko. Brookline, Mass.: Holy Cross Orthodox Press, 1984.

Nikephoros I. Short History. Edited and translated by C. Mango. Washington, D.C.: Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection, 1990.

Odo of Deuil. De profectione Ludovici VII in orientem (The Journey of Louis VII to the East by Odo of Deuil). Edited and translated by V. G. Berry. New York: Norton, 1948. Reprinted 1965.

Orosius, Paul. The Seven Books of History against the Pagans. Translated by R. J. Deferrari. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1964.

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