2-10. Airway Obstructions

Table of Contents

In order for oxygen from the air to flow to and from the lungs, the upper airway must be unobstructed.

• a. Upper airway obstructions often occur because —
• • (1) The casualty’s tongue falls back into his throat while he is unconscious. The tongue falls back and obstructs the airway, it is not swallowed by the casualty.

NOTE

Ensure the correct positioning and maintenance of the open airway for an injured or unconscious casualty.

• • (2) Foreign bodies become lodged in the throat. These obstructions usually occur while eating. Choking on food (usually meat) is associated with —
  • • • Attempting to swallow large pieces of poorly chewed food.
    • • Drinking alcohol.
    • • Slipping dentures.
  • (3) The contents of the stomach are regurgitated and may block the airway.
  • (4) Blood clots may form as a result of head and facial injuries.
• b. Upper airway obstruction may cause either partial or complete airway blockage.
• • (1) Partial airway obstruction. The casualty may still have an air exchange. A good air exchange means that the casualty can cough forcefully, though he may be wheezing between coughs. You, the rescuer, should not interfere, and should encourage the casualty to cough up the object obstructing his airway on his own. A poor air exchange may be indicated by weak coughing with a high pitched noise between coughs. Further, the casualty may show signs of shock (paragraph 1-6b[5]) indicating a need for oxygen. You should assist the casualty and treat him as though he had a complete obstruction.
  • (2) Complete airway obstruction. A complete obstruction (no air exchange) is indicated if the casualty cannot speak, breathe, or cough at all. He may be clutching his neck and moving erratically. In an unconscious casualty, a complete obstruction is also indicated if after opening his airway you cannot ventilate him.