Water jackets are hollow sections of the engine block through which coolant flows.
An intake manifold is the structure that delivers air to the intake ports of the engine’s cylinders.
The stoichiometric ratio is the ideal air-fuel mixture for insertion into the engine cylinder. For gasoline engines, this is 14.7:1 by weight.
half shaft
exhaust manifold
spark-ignition system
AC
A camshaft opens and closes the cylinders’ intake and exhaust valves.
primary coil winding
the master cylinder
A fuel rail delivers fuel under pressure to the engine’s fuel injectors.
hydraulic (or fluid)
timing belt or timing chain
The oil filter filters oil after it leaves the oil pump and before it circulates through the engine.
Anti-lock brakes (ABS)
a high compression ratio (or high pressure)
powertrain control module—that is, a car’s computer
50; 50
transmission
chemical; heat; mechanical
four
The viscosity of a liquid is its resistance to flow; liquids with higher viscosity are thicker and flow less easily.
In disc brakes, brake pads on both sides of a rotating disc are pinched together to slow the disc’s rotation. In drum brakes, brake shoes inside a rotating drum expand to make contact with the interior of the drum, slowing its motion.
pressure; vacuum (or vacuum; pressure)
The engine block is a framework in which the cylinders are arranged.
muffler
constant velocity (CV) joints
Oil galleries are passages throughout the engine that deliver oil to various engine components.
coolant flowing from the radiator to the engine and returning from the engine to the radiator
Connecting rods connect each piston to the engine’s crankshaft.
Ball joints are ball-and-socket arrangements that allow the steering knuckle to turn and move up and down.
overhead valve
Piston rings seal the cylinder so that exhaust gases do not leak out and oil does not leak in.
DC
Shock absorbers
secondary coil winding
A crankshaft converts the linear motion of the piston into rotary motion.
A coolant recovery reservoir is needed to capture overflow when the radiator pressure cap valve opens, because the flow of coolant between the engine and radiator varies based on the heat of the engine.
spark plug
air-cooling and water-cooling
alternator
Sensors; actuators
rectifier (or rectifier bridge)
Oil drips from various engine parts into the pan, cools, and is picked up by the oil tube and sent back to the oil pump.
The piston is a cylindrically shaped object that moves up and down inside an engine’s cylinder.
electronic fuel injection
A catalytic converter processes the toxic gases in engine exhaust, turning them into carbon dioxide, water, and other less harmful substances.
lead; sulfuric acid
voltage regulator
The oil pump is usually powered by the crankshaft.
one-half
Fuel and air are ignited, pushing the piston downward, and then exhaust gases are expelled when the piston moves upward.