**TEXT: L. Minio-Paluello, OCT, Oxford, 1956, 2nd ed.

1Read τῶν ʶ τέρων γενῶν.

2The Oxford text continues: ‘For all the other things are either said of these as subjects or in them as subjects; so that if the primary substances did not exist, it would be impossible for any of the other things to exist.’ Most scholars excise those sentences.

3The function performed in English by “of” and “by” is performed in Greek by the genitive and dative cases, which have different endings.

4Read oὐκ ἡἀναγκαῖόνά ἐστιν εἰδέναι. The received text says: ‘. . . it is not possible to know definitely.’

5Aristotle’s discussion of the categories ends here, in an unfinished state: the following passage in square brackets was added by an ancient editor in order to link Chapters 1–9 to Chapters 10–14.

6Read ‴ αὔξησις ἡἢά μείωσις.