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abortion, Comstock and, 73
“Act for Suppression of Trade in and Circulation of Obscene Literature . . . ,” 72
Act to Regulate Places of Public Amusement, 76
Adam, Hattie, brothel, 112
Adams, Franklin P., 176
African American spirituals, 104
alcoholic beverages, as alternative to drinking water, 51
alcohol sales, prohibition on Sundays, 139
“Alexander’s Ragtime Band,” 146–47
Allaire, Anthony (police captain), 91, 114–15
Allen, John, 45–49, 46, 50
“Allen’s Dance House,” 94
Almack’s, 29
“Always,” 145
American Mabille, 93–94
American Social Hygiene Association, 201
American theaters, musicians in blackface, 18
“The Angle-Worm Wiggle,” 181
Anti-Concert Saloon Bill, 54–55, 75
“Anything You Can Do,” 145
Arlington Hotel, 192–93
Armory Hall, 94–96
Armstrong, Louis, 200
Ashley, D. W., 183
Asmodeus (demon king of lust), 37–39, 38, 57
Atlantic Garden, 56
Auerbach, Samuel, 187
“Awfully, Awful,” 78
backroom saloons, 193
musician statistics, 194
Baldwin, William H. Jr., 150
Baline, Israel, 144–47
ballads, 142–44
Ballagher, Jack, 28
balls, 134
masquerade, 97
Bank House, 22
Bard & Berl, 182
Barnum, P. T., 31, 59
Baron Wilkins’ Café, 189
Beckett, Samuel, xvi
Berlin, Irving, 2, 145, 172
bigamy, 226n18
black Americans, stereotypes, 15, 17
Black-and-Tan, 102, 104
black and tans, 4, 189
Black Maria Studio, 130
blackface, 14, 16
black musicians’ use of, 104
blackface minstrelsy, 17, 23, 78
first written history, 24
blue laws, 109, 119
“Blue Skies,” 145
Bocage, Peter, 2
Bonine, Robert Kates, 131–33, 132, 133
“The Bowery,” 87
Bowery concert saloon, 118
in Crane’s writing, 105–6
Bowery Music Hall, 78
Bowery Theatre, 16
rioters, 17–18
Bowery Varieties Theatre, 77
Braham, David, 77
breaking, 166
Brewster, J. W., 157
Briggs, Charles Frederick, Asmodeus or, The Iniquities of New York, 38
Briggs, Charles S., 179
Brighton Beach, 180
Brooklyn Concert Saloon, 52
Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 48, 92, 124
Brooklyn Daily Times, 40
brothels
musician statistics, 194
ranking, 13
Brown, Julia, 21
Bryant, Susan, 20, 21
Buchanan, Harrison Gray, Asmodeus or, Legend of New York, 37
Buffalo Commercial, 68–69
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward, Asmodeus at Large, 37
Buntline, Ned, 32
Byrnes, Thomas, 113
cabarets, 176–78, 179, 186
and prostitution, 187
“cadets,” 152
Campbell, Helen, 1
Darkness and Daylight, xviii
cancan, 95–97, 99, 112, 235n22
Canterbury Hall, 52, 54
Canvass Back Lunch, 22
capital investment, in commercialized sex industry, 42
casinos, 178–79
Castle, Vernon and Irene, 195
Cercle Français de l’Harmonie, 114
“charity girls,” 187
Chatham Theatre, 24
Chicago, statistics, 245n6
Chicago World’s Fair, 124
“Chinatown, My Chinatown,” 181
Cincinnati Enquirer, 117
class, xvi, 4
“Coal Black Rose,” 14
“Cock Eyed Reilly,” 182, 215–16
Columbus Hall, 117
commercialized sex industry, musicians in, 201–2
Committee of Fifteen, 150, 153
Committee of Five, 150
Committee of Fourteen, 157, 158, 167, 178, 187, 193
Commercialized Prostitution, 176
in Harlem, 191
investigative detectives, 161–62
mission, 160
reports, 182, 241n7
songs identified by agents, 213–14
songs tagged by, 169
Whitin as face of, 162
Comstock, Anthony, 2, 71–74
Comstock Law, 72
concert halls, 52
concert saloon, 51–55, 79
culture development, 61
“Concert Saloon War,” 54
Coney Island, 134, 191
Conroy, Charles, 72
Consent, Mr., 30
Cook, Will Marion, 124
“Cooney in the Holler,” 36
Cooper Union, 91
copyright, 172
cornet, 102
Court Square Café, 191
“Cradle’s Empty, Baby’s Gone,” 80
Crane, Stephen, Maggie: a Girl of the Streets, 105
Crapsey, Edward, 60
Cremorne Garden, 89
Criterion Club, 189
Crockett, Davy, 18–19
Croker, Richard, 148
Cull, Joseph, 141
Cunningham, B. J., 185
dance-hall girls
clothes, 50
religious training, 46
dance-hall habit, 130
dance halls, xviii, 27, 49, 164, 165–66
development, 61
musician sttistics, 194
statistics in Chicago, 245n6
“Dance of the Seven Veils,” 180
“Dance on Long Wharf,” 20
“Dancin’ Cheek to Cheek,” 145
dancing, 35–36, 57–58
dangers of, 9
Epic of Gilgamesh and, 1
films of, 130–31
hormonal levels and, 204
legitimate styles before 1890s, 127
and sex, 2
suggestive moves in, 179–80
tough, 130–34, 132–33, 237n29
variety in 1910s, 166
dancing academies, 134, 135, 136
Darwin, Charles, 202–3
de Boz Quadrille, 28–29
“De Golden Wedding,” 80
Demons of Disorder: Early Blackface Minstrels and Their World (Cockrell), xi
Devery, William S., 121, 123
Dewey, Chester P., 233n3
Diamond, John, 23–24, 30
Dickens, Charles, 27–29
American Notes, 29, 32
Diggs’, 189
disorder, and prostitution, xiii
dives, 104
Diving Belle (dance hall), 29
“Dixie,” 81
“Dixie Jass Band One Step,” 195
Dixon, George Washington, 2, 15, 21, 85
career in music, 14
indictment for publishing obscenity, 22–23
libel charges and, 11
“Doin’ What Comes Natur’lly,” 145
Donnelly, Annie, 129, 147, 149
Dorr, Reita Childe, What Eight Million Women Want, 147
Doty, Phoebe, 21
doughboys, 188
Douglas Club, 188
Dreiser, Theodore, 142
Dresser, Paul, 142–44
Du Bois, W. E. B., 190
Dunbar, Paul Laurence, 190
Dvorák, Antonín, 237n27
Dyer, Oliver, “The Shady Side of Metropolitan Life,” 45
“East Side Jamboree,” 82
“Easter Parade,” 145
Edison, Thomas, 130
elections, statewide in 1898, 120
Elssler Saloon, 22, 85, 233n1
Emerson, Billy, 79
Epic of Gilgamesh, 1
Europe, James Reese, 190
Evening Tattler, 19
“Every Night There’s a Light Shining Through the Window Pane,” 144
“Everybody’s Doin’ It Now,” 155, 174–75
Everybody’s Magazine, 177
Excise and Theatrical Law, 91
Excise Board, 88, 91, 93
Excise Exchange, 116
excise laws, 158
Faller, Rudolph W., 77
“fiddle tune,” 15
fiddles, 50
films, of dancing, 130–31
Fisk Jubilee Singers, 104
Fitch, Ashbel P., 91
Flash, 13, 85
flash establishments, 57
Flower, Roswell, 113
Forester, Mrs., 186–87
Foster, George Goodrich, 32–36
New York by Gas-Light, 34
Foster, Stephen, 80
Fox, Stanley, 47–48
fox trot, 127
“Free and Easy” saloons, 99
“French Ball,” 98
French Celeste, 21
Friendly Inn, 157
Gaieties on Broadway, 57–58
Gardner, Charles W., 109, 110
“gay,” xiv
gay dives, testimony on, 122–23
gay men and women, 116, 117
Mazet Committee interest in underground, 121
gender, xvi
Gentleman’s Companion, 69
German beer gardens, 56
“God Bless America,” 145
Goff, John, 115
Golden Rule Pleasure Club, 116
Goodrich, Lizzie, 70
Gould, James, 191
Gould, Tom, 89–90, 104
Graham’s Lady’s and Gentleman’s Magazine, 32
Grant, Hugh J., 108
Greene, J., 30
Greenwich Village “Christmas Costume Party,” 197
Groth, Charles R., 77
“Hail Columbia,” 80
Hammond, George p., 122–23
Handy, W. C., “St. Louis Blues,” 181
Harlem, Committee of Fourteen in, 191
harmonica, 100
Harney, Ben R., 124–25, 147
Harper’s Weekly, 47, 142
Harrigan, Edward, 77
Harris, Charles K., 171
Harrison Narcotics Tax Act, 74
Harry Hill’s concert saloon, 58, 60, 92–93
Hawaiian music, 181
Hawks, Francis L., 11
Hayes, Steve, 185
Haymarket, 88–89
“Heat Wave,” 145
Heath, Plenny, 169
Heilbutt, Martin, 191
Heise, William, 130
hermaphrodite, 123
Heywood, Ezra, 74
Hill, Harry, 58–67
Holmes, Nance, 20, 21
Home for Fallen Women, 66
homosexual orientation. See also gay men and women
word for, xiv
Hooke, Walter G., 160
hormonal levels, and dancing, 204
hotels
and alcohol on Sunday, 139
license applications, 158
House of Refuge, 75
“How Deep Is the Ocean,” 145
hula, 181
Hutchinson Family Singers, 51
Hyde and Behman’s Theatre, 124
“I Love a Piano,” 145
“I Tickled Her Under the Chin,” 234n15
“I Will Love You If You Only Call Me Papa,” 156
“I Wonder If She’ll Ever Come Back to Me,” 144
“I Wonder Where She Is Tonight,” 144
immorality, ragtime and, 123
improvised music, 3
Independent Repiners Young Men’s Association, 217
Indestructible Symphony Orchestra, 174
“International Agreement for the Suppression of the White Slave Traffic,” 152
International Council of Women, 147
Inyard brothers, 28
“The Irish Fair,” 80
Irving, Washington, 37
Israels, Belle, 136–37, 165
Jacobs, John C., 66, 68
jazz, 195, 197
Jacksonian disorder and, xii
The Jenny Lind Mania in Boston, 39
Jerome, William, 126
“Jerry Go Nimble,” 28
“jig,” 15
“Jim Along Josey,” 29
“Jim Crow,” 14–15, 16, 21–22, 190
engraving of performance, 17
John McClary’s Café, 185
Johnson, James Weldon, 190
“Juba,” 29–30, 31
“Just Tell Them That You Saw Me,” 142, 143
Kahan, Harry, 186
Keenan, P., 30
Kelly, Fanny, 59
Kelly, James F., 130
Kelly, Thomas, 86
Kennedy, John A., 66, 67
Kent, Dorothy, 130
Kent, Frank, 24
Kid Foley, 131
Kneeland, George J., 159–60, 176–78, 194, 199
Commercialized Prostitution in New York City, 163, 165
investigative work, 163–65
The Lame Devil (Thompson), 39
Lane, William Henry, 29–30
Laurens Street, 233n3
Lazarus, Harry, 58
Le Sage, Alain René, Asmodeus in New York, 37
Lee, Miss, 204
Lemon, John H, 114
Leonard Street, 233n3
“Let’s Have Another Cup of Coffee,” 145
Lexow, Clarence, 113
Lexow Committee, 113, 119
libel charges, and Dixon, 11
Libertine (sporting paper), 19–20, 21
Lieb, S. F., 204–5
Lincoln Hotel, 191
liquor license, and piano removal, 193
Lisard, Anne, 183
Little Bucks, 123
“Little Log Cabin in the Lane,” 80
“Livery Stable Blues,” 195
Lohman, Ann, 73
Madame B’s Arcade, 56
Madison Square Presbyterian Church, 108
Magdalen Facts, 8
male prostitutes, 116, 123
Manches, Charles, 70
Mandarin Club, 176
Manilla Hall, 121–22
Mann Act, 74, 153
Manuel da Silva Café, 178
Marable, Fate, 200
Marguerittes, Julie de, The Match Girl, 34
“Marie from Sunny Italy,” 145–47
Marshall, James L., 189–90
Marshall’s Hotel, 171, 189
masquerade balls, 97
match dance, 20
Mazet, Robert, 120
Mazet Committee, interest in gay underground, 121
McClary, John, 185
McDowall, John, 2, 7–10
death, 9
McDowall, Rev., 37
McDowall’s Journal, 8–9
McFarland, A. Jr., 52
McGlory, Billy, 94–96, 97
Armory Hall, 117
dance hall, 108
McGlorious Mardi debauch, 97
McGurk’s Suicide Hall, 121
The Medical Times, 137
Meighan, Thaddeus W., 13, 23–25, 39
Metropolitan, 117
Miles, Master, 30
Military Garden, 52
Miller, Adeline, 11
Miller, Geoffrey, 203
“minstrel,” 17
Minturn, Rowland R., 11
Mitchell, John P., 186
Mitchell’s Olympic Theatre, 37
Montague, Harry, 234n15
moralists, in Progressive Era, 137
Morgan, J. P., 73, 159
Morgan, Wallace, 177
Moss, Frank, 121
“mud-gutter” band, xviii
“The Mulligan Guard Picnic,” 80
Murray, John F., 70
music, 9–10
American, 51
attitudes toward, xvi
change in dance halls, 50
and dance, 168
Foster’s interest in, 34
Hawaiian, 181
human enjoyment of, 203
improvised, 3
prevalence, 115
social concerns in, 16
song titles, 169
musical instruments, 168
musicians
census count in 1910, 201–2
data on, 43
employment change, 202
in New York, 63, 140–42
statistics in Chicago, 245n6
unemployment, 193
“My Gal Sal,” 144
The Mysteries of New York, 99
“Natchez Under the Hill,” 15
National Endowment for the Humanities, xi
National Police Gazette, 225n9
Nehrbas, Chief Justice of City Court, 91
New Orleans, Storyville, 188
New Slide, 117
New York City, xiii
boroughs’ consolidation, 119
census of prostitutes, 66
City Mission, 65
Five Points, 4, 7, 27
Five Points, Foster description, 33
history of sexuality, music, and dance, 2
Lower East Side, 4, 42
police corruption investigation, 113–16
racial climate, 188
reports on prostitution, 66
Water Street, 48
working classes resentment of laws, 91
New York Clipper, 53, 176, 195
New York Council of Jewish Women, 136
New York Female Moral Reform Society, 9
New York Herald, report on police raid, 86
“New York in Slices,” 33
New-York Life (Thompson), 39
New York Magdalen Society, 7–8
New York Philharmonic Society, 61
New York Society for the Suppression of Vice, 73
New York state
bill on obscene publications, 71
bill on penalties for prostitution, 68
emancipation law, 188
New York Sun, 17–18, 141
New York Times, 52, 66, 68
New York Tribune, 32–33, 68
Niblo’s Garden, 52
“Nigger Mike,” 144
nightclubs, 195
Nolan, Frank, 184, 191
novel reading, dangers of, 9
nude model, 38
obscenity
Dixon indictment for publishing, 22–23
McDowall’s Journal and, 9
Sporting Whip as, 25
O’Donnell, John, 71
Offenbach, Jacques, “Infernal Galop,” 96
Ogden, Daniel, 185, 186
“Oh How I Hate to Get Up in the Morning,” 145
“Oh! Susanna,” 80
“Old Folks at Home,” 80
“On the Banks of the Wabash,” 142
O’Neill, Connie “Peggy,” 183
Oppenheim, David, 161, 177, 178, 180, 182, 184, 185, 190–91, 192
orchestra, 168
Original Dixieland Jass Band, 195
Orpheus in the Underworld, 96
“other half,” 4
“The Outcast Unknown,” 144
Packard’s Monthly, 45
Paddock, Robert L., 148
Paducah, Kentucky, vice conditions investigation, 199–201
Paresis Hall, 117, 122–23
Park View Hotel, 178, 186
Parkhurst, Charles Henry, 108–9, 110
parodies, 81
Parsons, Tom, 28
“The Path That Leads the Other Way,” 144
Peabody, George Foster, 150, 159
Pelham, Dick, 24, 30
Percy Brown’s Café, 189
“Piano Joe,” 141
pianos, liquor licenses and, 193
pimp system, 151, 185
Pinker, Steven, 245n9
“The Pitcher of Beer,” 77
pivoting in dance, 126
player pianos, 192
“pleasure garden,” 52
Pogue, William, 162
Polanthos, 23
police, and vice, 150
police corruption investigation, 120
police raid, Evening Tattler report on, 19
pornographic materials, 8
potable water alternatives, 51
Potter, Henry C., 148, 150
Pré Catelan restaurant, 183
“Prentice Law,” 158
Presbyterian Church, 9
“A Pretty Girl is Like a Melody,” 145
“pretty waiter girls,” 53
Progressive Era, moralists in, 137
“prostitute,” xiv
prostitution, xv–xvi
business-side changes, 140
cabarets and, 187
disorder and, xiii
economics, 183
locations for procuring services, 69
male, 116, 123
in Manhattan in 1912, 164
McDowall reaction to, 7
NY census, 66
penalties on, 67
procurement, 152
statistics, 41, 68–69
Whitman on, 40
pulp-fiction genre, 39
Purity Committee, 150
Putnam, George H., 150, 159
Putnam’s Monthly Magazine, 61–62
“Puttin’ on the Ritz,” 145
quadrilles, 95, 97
“queer,” derogatory references to, xiv
race, xvi, 16, 103–4
class and, 4
racist terms, commonly used in 19th and early 20th centuries, xiii–xiv
ragtime, 123, 195
Berlin’s added lyrics, 145
and dancing, 125
development, 124–25
Raines Law hotels, 139–40, 151–52
committee mission to abolish, 157
end of, 159
rape, 183
reform school, 75
Reid, Buddy, 185
Reisenweber’s “400 Club” Café, 195
Reisenweber’s Casino, 180
religious revival, 48
Remsen Café, 191
Republicans, legislative control in Albany, 113
Research Committee, 158
Restell, Madame, 73
Rice, Thomas Dartmouth, 14
Richards, P., 176
Rickey, Mr., 190–91
Riis, Jacob, 4
Rockaway, 134
Rockefeller, John D. Jr., 159, 161, 187
Rockefeller “white slave” grand jury, 241n7
Roosevelt, Theodore, 119, 120
Rosen, Ruth, The Lost Sisterhood; Prostitution in America, 1900–1918, xv–xvi
Rosenfeld, Monroe, 239n16
“routine musicians,” 2–3
Ryan, Thomas M., 115, 116
Sailor Lil, 131
“St. Louis” dance, 181
“Sally in Our Alley,” 79
saloon dance halls, 139
saloons, backrooms, 164
Sanger, William, The History of Prostitution, 41–43
Sanitary Committee, report, 67
Sans Souci, 89–90
“Satan’s Circus,” 87
“Scotch Lassie Jean,” 80
Seaman, James A., 161, 178, 183, 197
Selective Service Act, 188
Selig’s Hotel, 192
“separate but equal,” 190
“sex worker,” xiv
“Shaking the Blues Away,” 145
Sharp, Mamie, 184
Sharps and Flats (Thompson), 39
sheet music, 80, 170
Shields, Patrick, 233n2
“Sich a Gittin’ Upstairs,” 29
“Silver Threads Among the Gold,” 80
Simpson, Bishop, 65
singers, 169
singing waiter, 117
“slave songs,” 104
slides, 116
Smith, Charles Sprague, 150
Smith, Matthew Hale, 49, 53
Smith, Nellie, 59
Snug Café, 184, 191
social concerns, in music, 16
The Social Evil, 151
The Social Evil in New York City, 160
Society for the Prevention of Crime, 109
Society for the Reformation of Juvenile Delinquents, 74, 78, 83, 90, 93
Society for the Suppression of Prostitution, 231n10
Society for the Suppression of Vice, 88
sociological model, 147–48
solicitation, 166
song titles, 169
Sonnichsen, Natalie, 161, 167, 171–72
Sons of Temperance, 71
spieling, 126
“sporting” weeklies, 13
Sporting Whip, 23
as obscene paper, 25
stage income, 183
Stanley, Emma, 52
Starr, David G., 68
stereotypes, of black Americans, 15, 17
Stevenson, Frank, 102, 117
Stevenson, Tom, 116
Stockdale, Jack, 155–56, 161, 165, 167, 168, 171, 172
report, 156
Strauss, Richard, Salome, 180
Street, Julian, 177
streetwalkers, 151, 187
Strong, George Templeton, 61–62
Suck Jo, 21
suicides, 121
Sullivan, Johnny, Social Club, 129
Sunday Flash, 30
Sundays, alcohol sales, 91
Sussman, Harry, 161
Swayze, George B. H., 137
Sweeney, Wallace W, People & C. against, 217–22
syncopation, 127
tabloids, 13
tambourine, 50
Tammany Hall, 108, 109, 148, 157
election loss in 1894, 119
Terrace Garden Theatre, 91
theater, caution for attending, 9
“There’s No Business Like Show Business,” 145
Thompson, George, 39
Tin Pan Alley, 142, 239n16
“Tip-Top Tipperary Mary,” 182
“Tom Gould’s,” 89
“Tom Pepper,” 38
“A Tough Dance” (film), 131, 132–33
tough dancing, 130–34, 132–33, 237n29
transvestites, 117
Traynor, Chris, 186
A Trip to Chinatown, 87
True Flash, 22
trumpet, 102
Tucker, Sophie, 181
“The Tune the Old Cow Died On,” 56
“Turkey in the Straw,” 15
turkey trot dance, 127, 238n32
two-step, 126–27
United Professional Teachers of Dancing in America, 136
U.S. census, 194
U.S. Congress., law on obscene publications, 71
U.S. Department of War, 188
“Upper Ten and Lower Five,” 86
Van Cortlandt Park Inn, 197
variety shows, 53, 55
Vauxhall Gardens, 30, 31
venereal disease, epidemic, 67
vice conditions investigation, prevalence in other cities, 200–201
Village Inn, 186, 193
“A Violet from Mother’s Grave,” 78, 80
Virginia Minstrels, 24–26, 26
Volstead Act, 74
Von Tilzer, Harry, 147
waiter girls, 53–54, 69
Walker, Sallie, 143
Walling, George Washington, 87, 92–93, 94, 98, 102–3
waltzes, 95
dangers of, 9
Waring, Robert Lewis, 162
Warren, Julia, 226n18
Weill, Joseph, 114
Welch’s Café, 189
Weld, Arthur, 123–24
West, archetypal saloon, 61
West, Mae, 235n22
“What Are the Wild Waves Saying,” 80
“When I Lost You,” 145
“When the Robins Nest Again,” 80
Whip, 20
Whip and Satirist of New-York and Brooklyn, 20
White, Mabel, 184, 185
White Cannon Inn, 191
“White Christmas,” 145
White-Slave Traffic Act of 1910, 153
white slavery, 152
investigation, 161
Whitehouse, A., 157
Whitin, Frederick H., 159, 160, 186, 190, 193
investigative work, 163–65
Whitlock, Billy, 24
Whitman, Walt, “Song of Myself,” 39–41
“Whoops! My Dear,” 155
Wilde, Oscar, 180
Wilkes, George, 13
William Banks’, 189
Williams, A. S. (“Clubber”), 88, 89
Williams, Henry Llewellyn, Gay Life in New York, 56
Williams, Pete, 29, 32
music, 35
wine rooms, 69
women. See also prostitution
bands, 100, 101
dance cues signaling fertility, 204
as investigators, 162
“pretty waiter girls,” 53–54, 69
regulation on saloon entry, 185
relative virtue of, 78
rental of bodies, xiv
undergarments, 97
wrestlers, 93
Women of New York, 53
Woodhull, Victoria, 98
Wooldridge, George B., 13, 19, 20, 26, 85
claim against, 22
Woolston, Howard B., 201
word, spoken vs. written, xii
working-class culture, songs and, 17
X-10-U-8, 58
“Yankee Doodle,” 79
Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), 72–73
Young’s, 189
Ziegfeld Follies, 184
“Zip Coon,” 14–15, 17