’ab, 25
Abe, Masao, 236
Abelard, Peter, 65
Abhishiktananda, Swami, 186
Abrahamic faiths, 12, 203, 213, 215, 223, 228–29
Aditi, 225
African American theology, 135–39, 155
African theologies, 4, 168–77, 195–96
Agni, 225
Akan (Ghanaian tribe), 171–72
Alexandria, school of, 48
attributes of, 218
See also Islam
Altizer, Thomas J. J., 124–25
Anabaptists, 72
ancestor, 4, 169, 172–74, 196. See also God: as ancestor
Anselm of Canterbury, 65, 66–67, 81, 130, 160
anthropological orientation, of Rahner, 96–97
anti-Christian, 138
Antioch, school of, 48
apophatic theology (apophaticism), 48, 53, 59, 60–65, 98–100, 219
Athanasius, 46, 51, 51n73, 54, 143
Augustine, 1, 36, 39, 66, 68, 70–71, 74, 168
legacy of, 53–56
Baal, 22
Barth, Karl, 2, 90, 93–96, 97, 110, 111, 114, 119–20, 123, 130, 138, 163
basileia, 27
Basil the Great, 51, 52. See also Cappadocians
Bauckham, Richard, 29
Berdyaev, Nikolai, 100
bhakti, 230
authority of, 86
and Barth, 93
as divine revelation, 207
God-talk in the, 9–10
as history, 161
language of, 150
name of God in, 13–15
biblical criticism, 81
binitarian expressions of God, 44
biunity, 31
black experience, 136–37
black theology. See African American theology
Bloch, Ernst, 106
of brahman, 229
of Christ, 42
of God, 153–54
Boff, Leonardo, 101, 179, 182–84, 197
Böhme (or Behmen), Jacob, 76
Bonhoeffer, Dietrich, 123
Brunner, Emil, 94n3
Buddha, 226, 233–35, 233n39, 234n40, 234n41, 237, 239
Buddhacarita, 234
Bujo, Bénézet, 175
Calvin, John, 71, 73–74, 168, 175
Calvinism. See Reformed tradition
Canaanite pantheon/religion, 22
Cappadocians, 46n50, 51–55, 60, 70, 101. See also Basil the Great; Gregory of Nazianzus; Gregory of Nyssa
Carman, John, 230
Catholic Church, 81, 96, 115, 141, 204, 223
Chalcedon, Council of, 43n32, 50
children, 117
of God, 25
Christ. See Jesus Christ
Christian life, 4, 71, 151, 167
in Africa, 168–69
African American, 139
in Asia, 186–87
and Buddhism, 233
communion with God, 211
early, 26, 32, 112. See also church: early
and Hinduism, 238–39
hope of, 111
Latino/a, 140
and monotheism, 46
and Muslims, 221–23
Nestorian, 233
and plurality, 203
and truth claims, 104
Chung, Young-Ho, 71
church
and the Bible, 9–10
Catholic, 81, 96, 115, 141, 204, 223
as community, 176
Eastern, 60, 75, 99. See also Orthodox Church
free, 122
and gentiles, 31
globalization of, 165–67
Jewish sect, 23
and paganism, 40
political engagement of, 174
classical theism, 4–5, 33, 54, 71, 87, 91, 122, 128
early, 35–38
Islamic, 217–20
and Luther, 72–73
medieval, 59
patristic, 56
Clement of Alexandria, 37, 42, 44, 49, 233n39
Cobb, John B., Jr., 126
community, 69, 148, 157, 176, 196
in African context, 173–74
and belonging, 70, 135, 148, 172
egalitarian, 197
personhood and, 119
and Trinity, 182–83
Cone, James, 135–38
Constantinople, 48
Council of, 51n75
conversion, 170
covenant
community, 32
of God, 16
between Israel and God, 14
in Native American theology, 134
Noahic, 32
between Yahweh and his people, 16
body of brahman, 229
divine, 30
doctrine of, 50, 109–10, 128, 207
ex nihilo, 110, 128, 207, 217, 223, 227n26
and kingdom of God, 103
new, 111
principle of, 206
story of, 30
as theological theme, 15
work of, 44
creator. See God: as creator
Creator Spirit, 153
cross
Luther’s theology of the, 72–73, 141, 190
Moltmann on the, 108–9
shame of the, 72
crucified Jesus, 31
Dalit theology, 192
Darwin, Charles, 112
and ancestors, 173
on the cross, 215
Father suffers, 108
of God, 3, 51, 91, 114, 122–26, 129–30, 163, 207
of gods, 142
overcoming, 106
power of, 107
dehumanization, 180
deification, 48, 63. See also theosis
deity, 22, 51, 61, 78, 107, 222
attributes of the, 128
concept of, 235
dead, 126
of the Father, 106
female, 227
lunar, 221
natural instinct of the, 74
of persons of the Trinity, 77
of the Son/Jesus Christ, 49n68, 51
dialogue, 90
with biblical tradition, 33
Christian-Buddhist, 236
with culture, 163
mutual, 232–33
post-Enlightenment thinkers, 118–19
between religions, 206
with secularism, 115
with Western theologies, 146, 242
womanists, 154
Dickson, Kwesi, 171–72
Diderot, Denis, 82
divine, 60, 116, 152–53, 206, 209, 213, 224
in Buddhism, 237
commandments, 16
deliverance, 16
dissolution into the, 212
economy, 47
election, 74n77
embodiment, 97
encounter, 61
fatherhood, 149
gardener, 18
holiness, 27
immanence, 64
Mother, 227
names, 62–63
operations, 63
person(s), 53, 70, 98, 99, 137, 183
promises, 15
revelation, 81, 94, 96, 97, 102, 123, 158, 207, 223
rule, 25
divinization. See deification
doxology, 177
dualism, 39, 42, 155, 182, 228–29
El Bethel, 14
election (doctrine of), 71, 74n75, 74n77
El Elyon, 14
Elizondo, Virgilio, 141
Elohim, 13, 14, 14n11, 22, 104
El Roi, 14
El Shaddai, 14
enlightened, 234
Buddha, 234–35
One, 234–35
reason, 83
enlightenment (in Buddhism), 213, 234, 235
Enlightenment, 2, 4, 79–82, 80n99, 80n100, 90, 94, 126, 217, 241
environment, 152–54
creator of the, 195
epiphany religions, 107
essence of God, 49, 50, 61, 63, 69, 124
inaccessible, 99
incorporeal, 78
Super-, 62
of the Trinity, 75
See also divine: essence
evangelicalism, 76, 91, 122, 157–63
existence of, 128
problem of, 117
exclusivism, 21, 22, 32, 150, 195, 203–4
moving away from, 208–10
as a motif, 176
fallen humanity, 94
false
belief, 230
desire, 234
gods, 21
ideas about God, 61
prophets, 19
Father, 23, 26, 40, 43, 46, 50, 85, 106, 146, 149, 152, 183
-Daughter, 152
disappearance of, 231
grief of, 108
image of the, 232
of Jesus Christ, 14, 24, 28, 31, 88, 104, 214, 238, 243
is nothingness, 206
personhood of, 206
as proper name of God, 69
in the Septuagint, 31
and Son, 30, 31, 44–46, 76, 108, 174
Son, and Spirit, 10, 44, 46, 47, 49, 52–55, 59, 64, 66, 70, 75, 88, 98, 100, 220
suffering of the, 108
Word of the, 95
Yahweh as, 17–18
See also God: as Father
father/fatherhood, 17, 22, 23, 24–26, 113
feminist theology, 3, 91, 122, 132, 147–48, 151, 156
black. See womanist theology
Hispanic/Latina. See mujerista
Fichte, Johann Gottlieb, 83, 112
filial relationship, 30
filiation, 54
Franciscan missionaries, 233
free churches, 122
Fundamentalist Atheism, 116
Gautama, 233, 234, 234n40, 239. See also Buddha
gentiles, 31–32
Gikuyu theology, 171
scripture, 40
God
affected by humans, 161
attributes of, 10, 17, 38, 49, 53, 68, 86, 128, 158–59, 197, 219
of the Bible, 41, 59, 88, 103–4, 142, 161, 221, 235
as creator, 10, 15, 22, 37, 39, 40, 74, 84, 94, 98, 138, 147
in African theology, 171–72
in Asian theology, 194
in Hindu thought, 227
in Islam, 217–19
and sustainer, 110
death of, 91, 114, 122–25, 130, 163
enemies of, 12–13
faithfulness of, 13, 16, 106–7, 181
as Father, 3, 15, 17, 28, 43, 44, 46, 88, 98, 105, 149, 151, 183
glorifying, 177
history of, 84
name of, 12–14, 27n48, 47, 62, 69, 104, 149, 151–52, 179, 217. See also Lord; YHWH/Yahweh
person of, 63
of the philosophers, 103–4
praise to, 21
God-concept, 139
diversity in the, 212
equality in the, 221
plurality in the, 28–29, 45, 100
principle of the, 69
unity of the, 189
God-in-Becoming, 90
Goodwin, Thomas, 76
gospel
Christian, 38
contextualizing the, 57
and exclusivism/inclusivism, 203–4
of God, 138
and secularism, 123–25
of the Father, 73
as God’s attribute, 159
and nature, 67n42
Gregory of Nazianzus (or Nazianzen), 51, 53. See also Cappadocians
Gregory of Nyssa, 46n50, 51, 52n79, 60. See also Cappadocians
Griffin, David Ray, 36–37, 126
Gutiérrez, Gustavo, 179
Harris, Sam, 117
Hegel, Georg W. F., 82–85, 88, 90, 105, 112, 113, 116, 119, 125n11
Heidegger, Martin, 125
Hellenism, 5, 11, 24, 29, 33, 37, 51, 56, 87
hermeneutical circle, 179–80
Hesaketvmese (creator-spirit), 134
Hick, John, 159, 204, 207–10, 211, 212
Hilary of Poitiers, 55–56
Hinduism, 187–88, 202, 213, 233
deities of, 223–32
history
apartheid, 175
colonization, 177
cyclical view of, 227
God in, 180
of male domination, 157
salvation, 197
slavery, 136
time and, 223
of women’s experience, 151
the Word in, 207
holiness, 16–17, 27, 62, 76, 158, 159
holism, in African American culture, 155
Holy Spirit. See Spirit, Holy
homoiousis, 52n78
humanism, Christ-centered, 191
Hume, David, 82
Ignatius of Antioch, 44
Ignatius of Loyola, 75
image of God, 17, 97, 100, 149
immanence
divine, 64
churches, 144n101
community, 144
immutability, 36, 67, 68, 107, 158
impassibility, 36, 68, 107, 142
incarnation, 5, 30, 82, 94, 97, 125, 153, 203, 206, 215, 225
as Divine-human union, 85
theology, 148
inclusive language for God, 149, 151, 163, 185, 197
infallibility, 115
Irenaeus of Lyons, 39n11, 42–43, 45–46
Isaac, God of, 22–24, 190, 214, 221
Isasi-Diaz, Ada María, 155–56
Islam, 12, 187, 212, 215–23, 226, 238
Ishmael, God of, 221
Israel
faith of, 15–16
and God, 14
hymnody of, 19
monotheism of, 12
paragon of liberation, 155
presence of God in, 39
return of, 107
Shema of, 46
Tanakh of, 12
testimony of, 17
under oppression, 137
uniqueness of, 12
See also Jews
Jehovah. See YHWH/Yahweh
Jesus Christ
as brother ancestor, 174
communion with the Father, 31
created nature of, 222
different from the Father, 106
as Eldest Brother, 168
equal with the Father, 50–51, 221
gospel of, 136
head of the Church, 148
and religious self-consciousness, 86
representing humanity, 206
resurrection of, 30, 94, 103, 106, 109, 137, 209
as way to the knowledge of God, 22
Jews, 202
and God, 105
religious language of, 29
John of the Cross, 75
Johnson, Elizabeth, 150–53
Justin Martyr, 39, 41, 44n38, 46n51
kalam theology, 218
Kallistos (Timothy Ware), 98
Kant, Immanuel, 67, 80, 80n100, 82–83, 84, 85, 86, 88, 90, 119
karma, 228
Katoppo, Marianne, 192–93
kingdom of God, 24, 26–28, 103, 156, 181, 192
Kyung, Chung Hyun, 194
LaCugna, Catherine Mowry, 101, 152
Latina theology, 156. See also mujerista
Lee, Jung Young, 145, 146, 165
Lee, Sang Hyun, 145
liberalism, 88, 97, 114, 158, 166–67
classical, 90, 93–94, 96, 102, 119, 126
and pluralism, 187
liturgy, 51, 151. See also worship
Allah as, 217
Brahman as, 230
love
as attribute of God, 158–59
creative-responsive, 129
and freedom, 110
infinite, 75
inner-trinitarian, 183
interpersonal, 54
of mammon, 192
perfect, 172
reciprocity of, 70
relationship, 100
Spirit as, 55
Theology of, 73
uniting, 98
of Yahweh, 16
See also divine: love
Luther, Martin, 37, 71, 72–74, 141, 168, 222
scholastic theology, 77n87
Manichaeism, 39
Marxism, 106
masculine talk about God, 149, 163
Maximus the Confessor, 62
Melanchthon, Philipp, 72
Messiah, 21–22
dying, 7
in the Qur’an, 220
metaphors of God, 17–18, 23, 68, 149–52, 194, 209
Asian, 189–90
missionaries
Franciscan, 233
Western, 170
modalism, 46
Moltmann, Jürgen, 70, 90, 101, 119, 131, 137, 148, 182, 190
and crucified God, 106–11
doctrine of creation of, 154
monophysitism, 48n58
monotheism
a-Trinitarian, 183
of Israel, 23
Jewish-Christian, 50
of Moltmann, 182
moon, worship of, 222
mother
of all beings, 229
-Daughter, 152
Divine, 227
Earth, 225
nursing, 168
paternal, 184
-Son, 152
-Sophia, 152
women as, 148
Yahweh like a, 15
mujerista, 91, 122, 132, 141, 147–48, 193
perspective, 155–57
Muslim. See Islam
apophatic-, 59
ecstasy, 99
experience, 155
religions, 187
theology, 205
tradition, 219
myth/mythology, 146, 151, 188, 196
Native American theologies, 91, 122, 132–35
natural theology, 104–5
neo-orthodox, 94, 94n3, 106, 114, 158
New Atheism, 116
new human, 113
Newton, Isaac, 116
Nietzsche, Friedrich, 112–13, 124, 125
nirvana (nibbana), 211, 226, 235, 237
Ogbonnaya, Okechukwu, 171, 174
Ogden, Schubert, 126
Old Testament, 4, 9, 11–23, 26–28, 33, 43, 138
for African Christianity, 171
the Bible of the early church, 23
concept of shalom in the, 135, 181
self-revelation of God in the, 151
view of God, 134
ontology
of personhood, 101
open theism, 91, 122, 157–63. See also process philosophy/theism
oppression, 136–38, 145, 148, 154, 175–77, 181, 184, 188, 192, 196
Orthodox Church, 90, 98–101, 119, 166
orthodoxy, 47, 51, 143, 159, 162, 191
limits of, 163
pan-, 63
Protestant, 4, 72, 77, 79, 158
panentheism, 3, 36, 64, 90, 109
and environment, 153–54
trinitarian, 109–11
Panikkar, Raimundo, 186, 189, 204–6, 211
Pannenberg, Wolfhart, 31, 54, 90, 96, 101–6, 119, 220, 237
patripassianism, 143
peace
al-Salam, 218
shalom, 181
world, 221
Peters, Ted, 98
Platonism, 41
religious, 88, 159, 196, 197, 201, 204, 241
responses to, 205–12
polytheism, 38, 47, 51, 221, 231
abuse of, 157
centered vision, 128
cosmic, 225
divine, 172
liberative, 192
Spirit, 31
and substance, 45
supreme, 67
colonial, 185
spiritual, 239
praise, to God, 21
Praxeas, 47
prayer, 25, 60, 151, 167, 183, 217
abba-, 26
process philosophy/theism, 126–29, 158, 163. See also open theism
Puritanism, 76
Qur’an, 215–20
Radical Reformers, 72
Rahner, Karl, 90, 96–98, 102, 103, 105, 111, 182
anthropological orientation of, 96–97
Ramanuja, 228–30
Reformed tradition/Calvinism, 72, 77–78, 94, 159, 189
scholastic, 159
religious, 38
argument, 56
community, 205
consciousness, 87
education, 117
end, 211
ethos, 241
intuitions, 86
language, 209
minority, 140
other, 238
pan-, 206
reformations, 231
Society of Friends, 77
symbols, 114
traditions, 194
understanding, 156
wars, 80n90
women, 193
world, 88
of Nineveh, 21
righteousness
as attribute, 159
of God, 137
retributive, 27
Roberts, Deotis, 136
Robinson, John A. T., 123, 124
ruah, 30
sacrifice, 225
Sākti, 227
as communion with God, 211
completeness of, 204
liberation as, 238
of the soul, 181
spiritual, 142
systems of, 170
work of, 44
work for, 191
sanctification, 45
Sanders, John, 160
Sankara, 227–30
Satyasya Satyam, 205
Savitri, 225
Schleiermacher, Friedrich D. E., 82, 85–87, 90, 102, 119, 130, 241
Reformed, 159
Scripture(s), 54
as critic, 33
doctrine of, 86
foundation, 188
gender issue in, 150
gnostic, 40
God of, 143
Hindu, 224n20
of Islam, 222
as source, 33
Theravada, 235n45
as verifying principle, 158
sexism/sexist, 3, 148, 163, 183
Shekinah, 111
sin
in Akan society, 172
and alienation, 175
freedom from, 181
and rebellion, 13
Sobrino, Jon, 179
Son
as being/person of the Father, 206
conceived, 184
death of, 108
Eternal, 75
exalted, 31
of the Father, 25
God suffered in the, 143
as hand of the Father, 46
incarnate, 85
of Man, 94
only, 23
of Yahweh, 17
See also Father: and Son; Jesus Christ
Song, Choan-Seng, 145, 147, 187, 189
Sophia
Jesus-, 152
Mother-, 152
Spirit-, 152
spirit/Spirit, 29
of ancestors, 172
becomes flesh, 125
in the church, 45
Creator, 153
Divine, 229
as divine will, 69
empowering, 155
as mutual love, 54
of sonship, 31
under the Father, 46
visions in the, 60
and Word, 30
as yin, 146
spirits, 4, 23, 37, 169, 188, 233
of ancestors, 174. See also ancestor
Spirit, Holy, 3, 30, 40, 47, 55, 65, 73, 137, 174, 182
divinity of, 50
as God, 28
as mutual love, 55
See also Father: and Son, and Spirit
spirituality, 60, 65, 71, 75, 151, 159, 192, 239
of native Americans, 133
Sufi, 219
substance (also substantia), 45, 47, 49–55, 66, 78, 101, 109, 112, 175, 187, 220
Suchocki, Marjorie Hewitt, 126, 127
synagogue, 23
Takenaka, Masao, 187
Tanakh. See Old Testament
Taoism, 226
tarka, 205
Tetragrammaton, 14
theism, 117, 125. See also classical theism; open theism; process philosophy/theism
Theophilus, 37
Thomas à Kempis, 63
Thomas Aquinas, 36, 57, 65, 67–69, 70, 71, 74, 78, 81, 95, 168, 218
Tillich, Paul, 91, 114, 124, 130, 163
Torrance, Thomas, 90
Trinity/trinitarian
in African context, 173
Asian doctrine of the, 146
beginning of, 30
Bulgakov’s theology of the, 100
canons, 71
communion theology, 98
distinctions, 54
doctrine, 43–47, 56, 68, 82, 109, 182
formulas, 86
Hegel’s vision of, 85
inner-, 183
insights, 49
intra-, 100
nature of God, 10
panentheism, 109–11
picture of God, 73
pluralism, 211
principle, 66
proof texts, 28
reference in Qur’an, 220
renaissance, 95
spirituality, 75
understanding, 50
tritheism, 46
truth, 61, 62, 66, 205, 207, 208
Pannenberg on, 101–3
ultimate reality, 84, 171, 205, 224, 226, 227, 228
Buddhist quest for, 234–38
unity
distinction and, 46
in God, 108
of God, 42, 46, 70, 105, 120, 134
and world, 228
of the Godhead, 189
perichoretic, 183
primacy of, 54
supreme, 67
universality of God, 32
and Elohim, 14
Vedas/Vedantic, 224–28
Venerable Bede, 65
visistadvaita, 229
Wallace, Mark I., 154
Ware, Timothy (Bishop Kallistos), 98
wealth, 192
folk, 172
Whitehead, Alfred North, 126–27
womanist theology, 147–48
women
African, 176
Asian, 192–95
exploitation of, 191
interpretations of God, 132
and men, 27, 32, 65, 73, 114, 218
equality between, 149
oppression of, 149
struggle for liberation, 156
subordination of, 148
in theological discussion, 3, 5, 141, 163
unjust treatment of, 181
values of, 152
See also latina theology; mujerista
became flesh, 97
of the Father, 95
of God, 29, 106, 138, 163, 187
manifestation of the, 207
reveals God, 43
as yang, 146
See also Jesus Christ; Son
worship, 9, 16, 112, 134, 208, 221, 222, 227, 229
of the moon, 222
of the Son, 51
of Yahweh, 20
See also liturgy
Allah, Krishna, and, 209
Angel of, 28
anointed of, 21
faith in, 243
as father, 17
as judge, 17
of the Old Testament, 138, 214, 221
pain of, 108
presence of, 39
as proper name of God, 104
as ultimate reality, 226
and the Trinity, 146
Yong, Amos, 168
Zizioulas, John, 90, 98–101, 119, 182
Zoroastrianism, 39