In translating the Introduction and the commentaries, we have attempted, not always successfully, to locate and check quotations against their original language, in most cases Russian, but sometimes English or German.
The transliteration of Russian names in this volume follows the usage of British historians, and not any ‘standard’ convention.
All dates follow the modern calendar except where the abbreviation NS (New Style) follows in square brackets. In such cases the first date given follows the pre-revolutionary calendar, the second the modern calendar.
D.M.B.
C.I.P.F.