Don’t buy a complete layette as espoused by the store or any list; use lists merely as a guide. Just as every baby is different, every baby’s (and parent’s) needs are different.You’ve resisted the temptation for months. Passed wistfully by the Layette Department on your way to Maternity, not daring to run as much as a finger over the lacy rompers and handknit sweaters, casting no more than a longing glance at the musical mobiles and cuddly teddies. But now, at long last, with delivery only weeks away, it’s not only okay to stop resisting and start buying, it’s absolutely necessary.
Do, however, fight the urge to belly up to the counter and put yourself in the hands of the grandmotherly saleswoman who’s waiting to sell you everything she has in stock and several other things she’s ready to order at the drop of a credit card. Her voice-of-experience sales pitch may make you forget that you’ll be getting some hand-me-downs from your sister-in-law, that dozens of gifts will soon come pouring in, and that you will be doing laundry frequently. And you may end up with shopping bags loaded with more tiny outfits, toys, and paraphernalia than your baby will ever be able to use before outgrowing them.
Instead, do your homework before starting your shopping. Calculate your minimum needs (you’ll always be able to fill in later) using the shopping list beginning on page 44, and face that sales-woman armed with these basic guidelines:
Don’t buy a complete layette as espoused by the store or any list; use lists merely as a guide. Just as every baby is different, every baby’s (and parent’s) needs are different.
Keep in mind how many times a week you (or someone else) will be doing the laundry. If you will be washing almost every day, buy the smallest suggested number of items on the list; if you will have to lug loads down to the local Suds ’n Spin and can do it only weekly, then buy the largest number.
Gratefully accept any hand-me-down baby clothes given to you by friends or family. Your baby is likely to go through two or three outfits a day in the first few months. At that rate, your wallet will be mightily stretched as you try to keep up with his or her wardrobe needs. Even if all the hand-me-downs aren’t exactly your style, it’ll be nice to have them standing by for those days when the laundry doesn’t quite get done (again). Check off items borrowed or handed down before finalizing your shopping list.
If friends and family ask what you’ll need, don’t be embarrassed to tell them. They really would rather buy you something you’ll use rather than something you’ll have to cart back to the store postpartum. Suggest a few items in various price ranges to give them freedom of choice, but don’t suggest the same items to different people. Better still, register for your baby’s needs to make the giving and receiving easier and more efficient (see box on facing page).
Hold off on buying items you won’t need right away (a high chair, a baby seat for the bathtub, toys too advanced for infants) and items you may end up not needing (the full quota of pajamas, towels, T-shirt sets) until you’ve received all your gifts. When the UPS truck stops making its daily gifts drop-off, recalculate your needs and head out for the store once more.
Buy mostly six- to nine-month sizes. You may want a couple of three-month-size shirts and maybe an outfit or two for dress-up that fit just right, but for the most part it’s more practical to roll up sleeves and endure a slightly blousy look for a few weeks until baby starts to fill out the larger sizes (which happens seemingly overnight). And as irresistible as it may be to unpack your purchases into baby’s new dresser, hold back. Keep all baby clothes (even the set you’re planning to take baby home in) tagged or in their original packages. That way, if baby checks in at 10 pounds 6 ounces, your spouse, mother, or a friend can exchange at least some of those tiny items for the six-month size while you’re still in the hospital or birthing center, and the others soon after. Likewise, if your baby arrives early, weighing just 5 pounds, some of the larger sizes can be exchanged.
In general, buy at least one size ahead (most six-month-old babies wear nine- or twelve-month sizes; some even fill out eighteen-month sizes), but eyeball before purchasing because some styles (particularly imported ones) can run much larger or smaller than average. When in doubt, buy big, keeping this in mind: Children grow and clothes (if they’re cotton) shrink.
Keep the season in mind as you shop. If baby is expected on the cusp of a season, buy just a few tiny items for the immediate weather and larger ones for the weather expected in the months ahead. Continue to consider the seasons as baby grows. That adorable appliquéd August-perfect sunsuit at half price may be difficult to pass up, but if it’s a twelve-month size and your baby will be a year old next May, it’s a purchase you’ll eventually regret.
When selecting baby clothes, consider convenience and comfort first, fashion second. Tiny buttons at baby’s neckline may be darling, but the struggle to fasten them with baby squirming on the changing table won’t be. An organdy party frock may look fetching on the hanger but may have to stay there if it irritates baby’s delicate skin. An imported sailor suit may look smart—until you have to change baby and find no access to the diaper area. A lace collar might be beautiful, but when your baby spits up all over it, it will be a pain in your neck to wash.
Always look for outfits made of soft, easy-care fabrics, with snaps instead of buttons (inconvenient, and should baby manage to chew or pry one off, unsafe), head openings that are roomy (or have snaps at the neck), and bottoms that open conveniently for diaper changing. Shun long strings or ribbons, which are potentially hazardous (none should be longer than 6 inches), and rough seams, which are potentially uncomfortable. Room for growth is another important feature: adjustable shoulder straps, stretch fabrics, undefined waistlines on one-piece garments, elasticized waistlines, double rows of snaps on sleepwear, pants that can be rolled up, wide hems that can be taken down, tucks, pleats, or yokes. Pajamas with “feet” should be the right length, or should have elasticized ankles to keep them in place.
It may be the thought that counts when it comes to baby presents—that is, until you end up with three baby tubs, twenty-seven size 3-month onesies, and four identical baby carriers at your baby shower. Since gift givers are as anxious to give you gifts you want as you are to receive them, help them and yourselves out by signing up with a baby registry. Baby registries are available at most stores that sell baby products (and on-line) and allow expectant parents to register their wish lists before delivery, just as engaged couples register their wish lists before their weddings. Registering will help assure that you’ll get what you do want, won’t get what you don’t want or don’t need (multiples of the same item, for instance), and that you won’t have to spend your postpartum days running from store to store, returning and exchanging.
If you haven’t learned the gender of your baby through prenatal testing, don’t buy everything in yellow or green (unless you’re crazy about those colors), particularly since many infants don’t have the complexion to carry off these shades. Both boys and girls can wear reds, blues, navys, whites, and creams. If you wait on some purchases until baby arrives, you’ll be able to indulge in some dainty pinks for a daughter or some more distinctly boy styles for a son. At some stores, you can order a layette and not pick it up until after the baby is born—at which time you can specify the color. This will work only if dad, grandma, or a friend can pick up your order while you’re in the hospital or birthing center, or if it can be delivered before you arrive home.
When buying baby furniture, practicality and safety should supersede style. An antique cradle, either purchased or passed down, may lend that heirloom look to the nursery—but you could be setting your baby up for a fall should the bottom not prove strong enough to support his or her weight, or for a lead overdose if the paint job, too, is antique. If you have a dog, a cradle may be too close to the ground for comfort. Keep in mind, too, that many hand-me-down cribs and cradles do not meet current safety standards. A plush Rolls-Royce of strollers may evoke a lot of smiles when you walk down the street but a lot of frowns when you hold up the bus line while struggling to fold it and lug it, baby, and diaper bag, up the steps. For other features to favor in baby furnishings, see page 49.
When buying toiletries for baby, buy only what you need (see list on page 46), rather than one of everything you see. When comparing products, look for those that are alcohol free (alcohol is drying to a baby’s skin) and contain the fewest artificial colors, preservatives, and other chemical additives.
When stocking the medicine chest, however, err on the side of excess, filling it, just in case, with everything you might need in an emergency (and hope you’ll never have to use). Otherwise, you may find yourself helpless when your baby wakes in the middle of the night, burning up with fever, and you have no medication on hand to bring it down. Or when baby’s stuffy nose is keeping him or her (and you) up, and you realize you never got around to buying a nasal aspirator.
By far the most fun you’ll have preparing for baby will be buying those tiny, cute clothes. In fact, it may take considerable reserves of willpower to avoid overfilling your baby’s closet with too many adorable outfits (particularly those that are as impractical as they are irresistible). Here are some general guidelines; again, you may need more or fewer of all of these; how many you’ll want is another story altogether:
Three to ten undershirts/onesies. For your newborn, your best bet are the undershirts that open in the front, with snaps on the sides. These are easier to get on your baby in the first few weeks, and until your baby’s umbilical stump falls off, it’s better not to have tight clothes rubbing against it. Once the stump does fall off, you can switch to the pullover onesie style, which is smoother and more comfortable for baby. These one-piece body suits snap on the bottom and don’t ride up, keeping tummies covered in cold weather.
Four to seven stretchies with feet, for a fall or winter baby, but just three or four for a late-spring or summer arrival. Footed outfits keep tootsies toasty without socks, making them especially practical (as you’ll soon find out, socks and booties rarely stay put for long). Make sure they have snaps (or zippers) at the crotch for easy access to baby’s bottom, which you’ll be visiting quite often—otherwise you’ll be undressing and redressing at every diaper change.
Two-piece outfits. These are less practical, so try to limit yourself (it will be hard!) to one or two of them. Look for ones that snap together at the waist so the pants don’t fall off and the shirt doesn’t ride up.
Three to six rompers (one-piece, short-sleeved, snap-at-the-crotch outfits without legs), for a late-spring or summer baby.
Three to six nightgowns with elastic bottoms. While stretchies can also stand in as sleepwear, some parents prefer nightgowns for their babies, especially in the early weeks, when the easy-open bottoms make those middle-of-the-night diaper changes more convenient. Nightgowns that close at the bottom with drawstrings (most have elastic instead) shouldn’t be used once your baby becomes more active (removing the string eliminates any choking or strangulation risk, but if you do, the gown will creep up during the night). Sleepwear for children must meet federal standards for flame resistance; there will usually be a label on the sleepwear advising parents whether or not that particular item meets safety standards.
Two to three blanket sleepers, for late-fall or winter babies. These sleepers keep baby cuddly warm without a comforter or blanket (which should be avoided because of the risk of suffocation or Sudden Infant Death Syndrome—SIDS—see page 259). Bag sleepers shouldn’t be used past five months.
One to three sweaters. One lightweight sweater will do in summer; heavier ones will be needed in cold weather. Look for ones that are washable and dryable as well as easy on, easy off.
One to three hats. Summer babies need at least one lightweight hat with a brim (for sun protection). Winter babies need one or more heavier-weight hats (a lot of the body’s heat escapes through the head, and since a baby’s head is disproportionately large, there’s a lot of potential for heat loss). The hats should be shaped to cover the ears snugly but not too tightly.
One bunting or snowsuit with attached mitts, for a late fall or winter baby. If you’re buying a bunting, look for one that has a slot on the bottom for a car seat strap, to make buckling up easier and more secure.
Two to three pairs of booties or socks. As you’ll soon find out, these are often kicked off within moments after they’re put on (something you don’t usually notice until you’re halfway down the street or on the other side of the mall), so look for styles that promise to stay put.
Three washable bibs. Even before you bring on the pureed peas and strained carrots, you’ll need these to protect clothes from spit-up and drool.
Three to four waterproof pants, diaper covers, or diaper wraps, if you’re planning to use cloth diapers. If you’re using disposables, you might consider one pretty pair for special occasions (though probably only if your baby’s a girl and will be wearing dresses).
Whatever colors and patterns you choose, when it comes to linens, size matters. Sheets and mattress pads must fit the mattresses you’ll be using tightly. That way they won’t come loose and pose a safety risk.
Three to four fitted sheets each, for crib, bassinet, and/or carriage. All sheets should fit very snugly, so they can’t be pulled out. You might also consider half-sheets that tie or snap onto the crib bars and go on top of the fitted sheet. If your baby spits up a lot, it’ll be easier to change just the half-sheet instead of removing the hard-to-remove fitted sheet. Be sure the half-sheets are securely attached.
Two to six waterproof pads, for protecting crib, carriage, furniture, and laps.
Two quilted mattress pads, for crib (to protect the mattress). Again, the fit should be very snug.
Two washable crib or bassinet blankets (optional). These are fine for use in the stroller or over a baby who’s buckled into a car seat (or a baby who’s otherwise being supervised). But blankets should be avoided for sleep (especially after the first month) because such bedding is a risk factor for SIDS. It’s much safer to dress your baby in blanket sleepers or other warm nightclothes instead. If you do choose to use a blanket, it should be lightweight and not densely woven, without any long fringes or with a loose weave that might unravel; it should be tucked under the mattress and only reach baby’s underarms. Once baby’s able to move around more (sometime after the first month, though possibly earlier or later), a blanket shouldn’t be used at all for sleep.
One to two blankets for carriage or stroller. Just one lightweight blanket for a summer baby.
Two to three terry-cloth towels. Hooded towels are best, since they keep baby’s head warm after a bath.
A dozen square cloth diapers (burping cloths), for protecting your shoulders when burping baby, to protect sheets when baby spits up, for emergency bibs, and much more.
Two to five receiving blankets, depending on the season. Newborns like to be swaddled, and receiving blankets are useful when trying to make your baby cozy. See page 150 for tips on how to swaddle your baby safely.
Diapers. If you’re using disposable diapers, buy one or two packages of the newborn size and then wait until after baby is born (so you’ll know how big your baby is) before purchasing several dozen diapers in the right size. If you’re using cloth diapers and plan to wash them yourself, purchase two to five dozen prefolded cloth ones, plus two dozen disposable diapers (once you know how big the baby is) so you can use them for outings and emergencies. If you are planning on using a diaper service, sign up in your eighth month and they will be ready to deliver as soon as you do. You might also want to buy some diaper liners to pad the front of the diaper if you’re expecting a boy (a boy’s concentrated flow is more likely to lead to leaks) or just for extra nighttime protection.
Babies smell pretty terrific naturally, and as far as their grooming needs are concerned, less is almost always more. So buy products that have as few additives and fragrances as possible (remember, baby skin is very tender), and keep in mind that many products marketed to parents of infants aren’t even necessary. Even some of the following are optional. Items needed for diaper changes should be kept on a shelf high enough above the changing table to prevent baby’s grabbing for them but low enough for you to reach easily.
Baby soap or bath liquid or foam, to be used sparingly. Look for a gentle formula.
No-tears baby shampoo. For young infants, no-tears baby bath or foam (which may be easier to control because it stays put) can be used for shampoo.
Baby oil. This can come in handy if you need to gently clean a sticky bowel movement off a sore bottom. It’s also often prescribed for cradle cap.
Baby powder, optional. Contrary to popular belief, babies don’t really need to be powdered (though a little is nice in warm weather). But if you choose to powder, use a cornstarch-, not talc-based product.
Ointment or cream for diaper rash. Ask the doctor for a recommendation.
Petroleum jelly, such as Vaseline, for lubricating rectal thermometers. Do not use to treat diaper rash.
Diaper wipes, for diaper changes, hand washing on the go, cleanups after spit-ups and leaky diaper incidents, and dozens of other uses. But use cotton balls and plain water for cleansing baby’s bottom during the first few weeks and whenever diaper rash is a problem.
Sterile cotton balls, for cleaning baby’s eyes, for diaper changes in the first few weeks, and when baby has a diaper rash.
Baby nail scissors or clippers. Never use sharp adult scissors; babies are squirmy and cuts can easily result.
Baby brush and comb, which hairless babies won’t need for a few months at least. If baby ends up having lots of hair, use only a wide-toothed comb for hair that’s wet and tangled.
When buying lotions for your baby, read labels carefully and don’t buy those that contain peanut oil. Researchers have found that infants (particularly those with skin conditions) who are rubbed with such creams may be at a higher risk of developing peanut allergies by age two. Luckily, most baby lotions made in the United States don’t contain peanut oil, but some foreign-made baby products do, and so do some domestically made creams not specifically marketed for infants.
Eight diaper pins, if you’ll be using them. Metal heads are better than plastic, which can crack.
Have these supplies on hand rather than waiting to buy them when you need them (usually in the middle of the night and/or the middle of a snowstorm). Ask your baby’s doctor for recommendations on brands and dosages. Most important, store them out of reach of infants and children.
Liquid aspirin substitute, such as Infant Tylenol (acetaminophen).
Antibiotic ointment or cream, such as bacitracin or neomycin, for minor cuts and scrapes.
Hydrogen peroxide, for cleaning cuts. A nonstinging spray that numbs or relieves pain as it cleans can make the job even easier.
Calamine lotion or hydrocortisone cream (0.5 percent), for mosquito bites and itchy rashes.
Rehydration fluid (such as Pedialyte), if the baby’s doctor recommends it for treatment of diarrhea.
Sunscreen, which is now recommended even for infants under six months old when sun protection is otherwise impossible. Look for a gentle made-for-baby formulation.
Rubbing alcohol, for swabbing on umbilical stump or for cleaning thermometers, but not for rubdowns.
Calibrated spoon, dropper, and/or oral syringe, for administering medications. (Whenever possible, use the one that comes with a medication.)
Sterile bandages and gauze pads, in a variety of sizes and shapes.
Adhesive tape, for securing gauze pads.
Tweezers, for pulling out splinters.
Nasal aspirator, a bulb syringe for clearing a stuffy nose (see page 548).
Ear syringe, for removing wax buildup, if baby’s doctor recommends it.
Warm mist vaporizer/humidifier. If you choose to buy a humidifier, this is the one to get. Neither the old-fashioned hot steam humidifier (which can lead to burns) nor the cold mist humidifier (which encourages bacterial growth and can spread germs) is recommended.
A digital thermometer. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that parents no longer use glass mercury thermometers because of the dangers of mercury exposure. Tympanic (ear) thermometers are less reliable in infants than rectal or axial (armpit) ones. The newer temporal artery thermometers that take the temperature on the forehead, have been shown in studies to be very accurate; they may become more widely available and affordable. (See page 565 for more on thermometers.)
Small penlight, to check throat for inflammation or pupils after a head injury (see page 582).
Tongue depressors, for examining the throat.
Heating pad and/or hot-water bottle, for soothing a colicky tummy or relieving sore muscles.
You’ll need to stock up on more of these supplies, of course, if you’ll be bottle feeding, either exclusively or in combination with breastfeeding. But even exclusive breastfeeders will have to invest in a few of the following, if only for backup.
Four bottles, 4-ounce size, and ten to twelve bottles, 8-ounce size, with nipples and rings, if you’re bottle feeding; four to six bottles, 8-ounce size with nipples and rings if you’re supplementing; one bottle, 8-ounce size with nipple and ring for emergency supplementary feeding if you’re breastfeeding exclusively. Bottles come in three types: traditional-style bottles have straight necks and bodies; bottles with angled necks are designed to reduce baby’s air intake by keeping the nipple filled with liquid (less air equals less gas; some say the angle may reduce the incidence of ear infections by keeping baby in a more upright position during feedings); disposable systems consist of a reusable holder with disposable liners or plastic bags, which collapse as baby feeds, also minimizing air swallowing.
Nipples come in several shapes (including the orthodontic shape and those with a wide base to mimic a mother’s nipple) and with different hole sizes (smaller for younger babies, larger for older ones). Silicone nipples are odor and taste free, don’t get gummy, are dishwasher safe, and are see-through (so you can see if they’re clean). You may want to try several types to see which work best for your baby.
Utensils for formula preparation, if you’re bottle feeding. Exactly which items you’ll need will depend on the type of formula you plan to use, but the shopping list will usually include bottle and nipple brushes, large measuring pitcher, measuring cup, possibly a can opener, long-handled mixing spoon, and a dishwasher basket to keep nipples and rings (collars) from being tossed around the dishwasher.
A breast pump, if you’re breastfeeding and want to express milk so someone else can feed the baby while you’re at work or away for a few hours. See page 157 for information on the types of breast pumps available and advice on choosing one.
A pacifier, if you decide to use one. It’s not technically a feeding supply, but it will satisfy your baby’s oral needs when he or she wants to suck but isn’t hungry. Look for sturdy construction and ventilation holes in the shield. Like nipples, pacifiers also come in easy-to-clean silicone. Never attach a cord or ribbon that’s more than 6 inches long to a pacifier.
A baby’s needs are basic: a pair of loving arms to be cuddled and rocked in, a set of breasts (or a bottle) to feed from, and a safe, secure environment. In fact, many of the multitudes of products, furnishings, and accessories marketed for the nursery aren’t even necessary. Still, you’ll be doing plenty of buying when it comes to baby’s new room. Decor won’t much matter to that room’s resident (at least, not at first). Though you’ll likely spend hours agonizing over it, your newborn won’t care whether the bumpers are adorned with jumping bunnies or shooting stars, or whether the wallpaper coordinates with the sheets. What does matter, however, is that the nursery provides the safe, secure environment your baby needs. Which means, among other things, a crib that meets current safety standards, a bumper that fits snugly, a changing table that won’t take a tumble, and lead-free paint on everything. When choosing furniture for your baby’s nursery, as you’ve undoubtedly already noticed in your first forays to the store, there are endless styles, colors, finishes, and features to pick from. Though you can certainly make choices with an eye toward style (and budget, of course), your first allegiance should be to selecting the products that will be safest and most efficient.
In general, look for items that have only lead-free paint; sturdy nontip construction; smooth edges and rounded corners; and safety restraint straps at the crotch and waist, where appropriate. And while most, if not all, manufacturers comply with safety guidelines, when shopping, you should avoid choosing any items that have rough edges, sharp points, or small parts that might break loose; exposed hinges or springs; or attached strings, cords, or ribbons. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s directions for use and maintenance of all items and to regularly check baby’s crib, infant seat, and other equipment for loose screws, frayed straps, supports that have snapped, and other signs of wear. Also, always send in your product registration card so that you can be notified in case of a recall.
Crib. Your baby’s crib is one of the more important pieces of furniture you’ll buy. You’ll want it to be safe, comfortable, practical, and durable (not only so it will survive the two or three years your baby will be sleeping in it, but also so that you can reuse it for any future siblings). There are two basic types of cribs: Standard cribs come with either a single drop side or double drop sides, making it easier to lift baby out. Some models have a convenient drawer on the bottom for storing crib sheets and other nursery items. A convertible crib can theoretically take your infant from baby all the way to teenager (if it lasts that long), converting from a crib to a toddler bed and then to a day or full-size bed.
When choosing a crib, look for a label stating that Juvenile Products Manufacturers Association (JPMA) standards have been met; crib slats that are no more than 2
inches apart (smaller than the diameter of a soda can), with no splinters or cracks in the wood; minimum rail height of 26 inches when the mattress is at its lowest position; at least 9 inches between the mattress support and the top of the drop side when lowered; a secure locking mechanism for the drop side; and no peeling paint, rough corners, or posts or knobs that protrude. You should also look for a crib that has a metal mattress support (which will support a jumping toddler better than wood), adjustable mattress height so the mattress can be lowered as your baby grows, casters (with a wheel lock) for mobility, and a plastic covering on teething rails (so your baby doesn’t chew on the wood).
For safety’s sake, fill out and return any registration cards included with the products you purchase so that you can receive notice of recalls.
Don’t use antiques or cribs older than ten years. Old cribs (especially those made before 1973, but even some made in the 1980s and 1990s) may be charming or of great sentimental value, but they don’t meet current safety standards. They might have slats that are too far apart, may contain lead in the paint, may have cracked or splintered wood, may have been recalled, and may have other dangers.
Crib mattress. Because your baby will likely be spending twelve to sixteen hours (or more) a day sleeping on it, you’ll want to make sure the crib mattress you select is not only safe and comfortable, but also high quality. There are two types of crib mattresses: innerspring and foam. An innerspring mattress is heavier than a foam one and will usually last longer and keep its shape better, offering better support. It’s also more expensive than a foam mattress. A good (though not an absolute) rule of thumb when choosing an innerspring mattress is to look for one with a high number of coils. The higher the count (usually 150 or more), the firmer (and better quality, and safer) the mattress. A foam mattress, made of polyester or polyether, weighs less than the innerspring mattress (making changing sheets—which you’ll be doing often—much easier). If you’re buying foam, look for a mattress with high foam density, which will mean more support and safety for your baby. You can also buy a mattress with a built-in fan that allows for purified fresh air circulation. More important than the type of mattress you choose is that it be firm and fit snugly in the crib, with no more than two adult-finger widths between crib and mattress.
Bumper. From pink-and-white gingham to Winnie-the-Pooh, boldly colored choo-choo trains to dainty flowers, parents today have no problem finding a crib bumper that suits their taste and nursery decor. But while you may appreciate the bumper for the design statement it makes, it’s actually not a nursery necessity. Baby won’t really get hurt if his or her arms or legs get momentarily caught between the crib slats, though the bumper will protect against that. Whichever design you choose, the bumper should have a snug (not floppy) fit around the entire perimeter of the crib. There should also be at least six ties or sets of snaps for fastening it to the crib rails. The ties should not be longer than 6 inches to avoid any risk of strangulation.
At most baby stores, bumpers are sold as part of a bedding set; the bumper, crib sheet, and comforter come packaged together. While it might look coordinated, using the comforter as a blanket for your baby isn’t a good idea. To reduce the risk of suffocation or SIDS, soft bedding, pillows, and fluffy blankets or comforters should never be used in your baby’s crib (see page 261). Use the comforter and pillow as decoration elsewhere in your baby’s room, or save them for when your baby graduates to a bed.
Bassinet or cradle. Because you don’t really need a bassinet or cradle (they can be used for only the first four months or so; you can skip them and go directly to a crib), they don’t fall into the “necessary” category. Still, they sure can be nice to have in the early weeks, when baby may enjoy their cozy quarters and you may appreciate their convenience. Another advantage of the bassinet or cradle is that its height is usually fairly close to that of your bed, allowing you to reach over and comfort (or lift out) your baby in the middle of the night, without even getting out of bed. A bassinet is also lightweight and can be moved from room to room. Some can hit the road, too, folding neatly for travel. A cradle is less mobile, but most will rock back and forth, providing the soothing motion that babies crave (though most experts agree that the more effective rocking direction is the head-to-toes motion of a rocking chair and not the side-to-side motion of a cradle). Some bassinets come with a battery-operated vibrating feature to help soothe babies to sleep. Look for a lock that keeps the bassinet from moving around when baby’s sleeping.
When shopping for a bassinet or cradle, resist antiques or heirlooms, which may be unsafe. Look for one that has a sturdy stable base, is an adequate size to hold your baby, has a firm mattress that fits snugly, has rigid (not soft) sides, and meets all current safety standards. Bassinet sides should be at least 8 inches high (when measured from the mattress to the top). You will appreciate a bassinet that has wheels, but if it does, look for one that also has wheel locks. If it is a folding model, learn how to securely lock the legs; if it has a hood, make sure it folds back (so that you can easily put your sleeping baby in it). Some bassinets convert to bedside sleepers (see below).
Bedside sleepers. Another item not in the “necessity” category, a bedside sleeper is nice to have if you want to co-sleep with your baby, are nursing, or just want to reach over in the middle of the night for a reassuring pat. The bedside sleeper has a high padded rim on three sides and one open side that fits flush against your bed mattress at the same height as an adult bed, allowing for easy access to baby.
Changing space. By the time your baby reaches his or her first birthday, chances are you’ll have changed nearly 2,500 diapers (without even winning any honors in the Guinness Book of World Records). With that staggering number in mind, you’ll want to set up a comfortable place to change those diapers—one that is also convenient, safe, and easy to clean. Though it’s nice to buy a table designed specifically for diapering baby, it’s not really necessary. You can actually turn an ordinary dresser or table into a changing space. If you go that route, you’ll need to shop for a thick pad with a safety strap to place on the dresser to keep it protected and to keep baby secure and comfortable. Make sure, too, that the dresser height is comfortable for you (and whoever else will be doing diaper duty) and that the pad doesn’t slide off the dresser top when you’re diapering a squirmy baby.
If you’re planning to buy a changing table, you’ll have two options: a standalone changing table (look for one that is sturdy and has solid legs, a protective guardrail, safety straps, washable padding, diaper storage within your reach, and toiletry storage out of baby’s reach), or a combination dresser/changing table, which has an oversize top or a flip-open top with a pad. If using the flip-open type of changing table, do not place baby’s weight on the outer edge: That can cause the entire chest to topple. As with the stand-alone changing table, look for one that is sturdy and has safety straps, a washable pad, and adequate storage space for diapers, wipes, creams, and other items.
If you do opt for the stand-alone style, be sure to purchase (or have on hand) a chest of drawers or other type of storage unit for baby’s clothes.
Diaper pail. Your baby’s bottom is sure to be sweet and adorable. But what comes out of it probably won’t be. Luckily, diapers are there to catch it all. But to catch all those dirty diapers, you’ll need a diaper pail designed to whisk away and store the evidence (and odor). If you’re using disposable diapers, you can choose a fancy diaper pail that tightly seals (or even coils) diapers in an odor-preventing plastic liner. Or look for one that uses ordinary garbage bags (because the special liner refills can get expensive). Whichever type you use, remember to empty the pail often (but hold your nose when you do, because the stench of stored diapers can knock you off your feet).
If you are using cloth diapers, choose a pail that is easy to wash and has a tight-fitting top that a baby or toddler can’t pry open. If you’re using a diaper service, the service will usually provide you with a deodorized diaper pail and cart away the stinky contents weekly.
Baby tub. New babies are slippery when wet—not to mention squirmy. All of which can serve to unnerve even the most confident parents when it comes time for that first bath. To make sure it’s fun and safe to rub-a-dub-dub when your infant’s in the tub, invest in or borrow a baby tub—most are designed to follow a newborn’s contours and offer support while preventing him or her from sliding under the water. They come in a myriad of styles: plastic, foam cushions, mesh sling, and so on. Some “grow” with your baby and can be used all the way through the toddler years (when placed in a regular bathtub).
When buying a baby tub, look for one that has a nonskid bottom and a smooth rounded edge that will retain its shape when filled with water (and baby); is easy to wash; has quick drainage, a roomy size (large enough for your baby at four or five months, as well as now), support for baby’s head and shoulders, portability, and has a mildew-resistant foam pad (if applicable). Another option to the baby tub is a thick sponge specially designed to cushion the baby in a sink or a tub.
Infant seat. Bouncer seats, baby rockers, or infant activity seats (designed for newborns to age eight or nine months) can be invaluable for parents of young babies, not only because they can calm a fussy baby, but also because they can give parents’ arms a rest. An infant seat will allow you to have your baby safely nearby (but not on your shoulder) while you cook, fold laundry, use the computer, take a shower, or do just about anything else. And since such infant seats are lightweight and take up little room, they can be moved from kitchen to bathroom to bedroom quite easily. And your baby will appreciate being propped up at a gentle incline, allowing him or her a great view for watching you (baby’s favorite entertainment) as you go about your daily routine.
There are two basic types of infant seat: the lightweight framed seat (also known as bouncer seats), which has a flexible frame covered with a fabric seat and bounces or rocks back and forth using your baby’s weight and movement; and the hard-shelled battery-operated infant seat, which, with the flip of a switch, provides a constant rocking or vibrating motion. Both kinds of infant seats usually come with sunshade canopies (useful if you’ll be using it outdoors) and a removable toy bar that can provide entertainment and activities for your baby. Some models have a sounds-and-music feature. There are even infant seats that double as travel bassinets, while still others that can be transformed into a toddler seat when your baby gets older.
When choosing an infant seat, look for one with a wide, sturdy, stable base; nonskid bottom; safety restraints that go around baby’s waist and between his or her legs; comfortable padding; and a removable padded insert so the seat can be used for your newborn and then later for your older infant. Choose one that is lightweight and portable and, if battery operated, has an adjustable speed. For optimum safety, never leave an infant, even a very young one, in an infant seat at the edge of a table or counter or near something (such as a wall) he or she could push off from. Be sure to always keep your baby safely strapped in. Don’t carry the seat with your baby in it, and never use an infant seat as a car seat.
Rocking chair or glider. The traditional rocking chair that has been around for years (including on the cover of What to Expect When You’re Expecting) has, in recent years, been usurped in popularity by the glider-rocker, which “rocks” you and your baby in a smooth horizontal gliding motion. Gliders are safer in a nursery than rocking chairs because they don’t have runners, which children can get caught under. While a glider is optional, many parents find it’s great for feeding and for calming baby. Many come with matching gliding ottomans so you can kick up your tired feet as you glide. An advantage of a glider-rocker is that it’s a purchase that will continue to be used even as baby grows (you can read to your toddler on it, use it yourself while watching TV, and so on).
There are many different designs to choose from when buying a glider; most have seat and back cushions; some have arm pads (which your weary arms will appreciate). Glide before you buy; try it out in the store to find the one that’s most comfortable for you.
Baby monitor. A baby monitor allows parents to keep tabs on a sleeping infant without standing guard over the crib (though, realistically, you’ll be doing plenty of that in the first few weeks, too). It’s ideal if your baby’s room is out of earshot of your bedroom or other parts of the house. During the day, a baby monitor allows you the freedom to do things around the house while your baby naps; at night you can sleep in another room, yet still hear when your baby wakes for a feeding.
There are two types of monitors: audio, and audio-video. The basic audio monitors transmit sound only. The transmitter is left in your baby’s room, and the receiver either goes where you go (battery operated and clipped on) or stays in the room you’ll be in. Some monitors have two receivers so both parents can listen in (or you can keep one receiver in your bedroom and the other in the kitchen, for example). An added feature to the audio monitor is the “sound-and-light” feature. Such a monitor has a special LED display that enables you to “see” the sound level of your baby. The audio-video model allows you to see and hear your baby on a TV screen using a small camera placed near the baby’s crib. High-tech models have infrared technology so you can see your baby even if it is dark in the nursery.
When choosing a baby monitor, you’ll first have to determine if you’ll need one with low-range frequency (49 MHz) or high-range frequency (900 MHz). If you live in a high-rise apartment building or a densely populated area, you’re likely to experience interference from other sources such as cell phones, cordless phones, or radios if you choose one with low frequency. So choose a 900 MHz one (or the newer 2.4 GHz for even more clarity), and look for one that offers more than one channel (so you can change channels if you’re picking up your neighbor’s phone conversation instead of your baby’s cries, as interesting as the former might prove). Also look for models that can use batteries and A/C adapters; have a low-battery indicator; volume control (so you can decide if you want to hear your baby’s every breath or just his or her cries); compact size; and are safe (no exposed parts that can cause electrocution). Remember to keep both the transmitter and receiver out of baby’s (and older children’s) reach.
Baby swing. Ask most parents to name the single best piece of baby equipment they purchased, and chances are they’ll say the baby swing. Baby swings can be nothing short of miraculous when it comes to soothing a fussy baby; they can also give parents some much-needed time off from rocking baby in their arms. (Some babies dislike the swing and are not comforted by it; before you buy one, test it out—with your baby in it—at a friend’s house or in the store.) Swings either have a windup mechanism or are battery operated (something you’ll certainly appreciate if your baby really loves the swing). There are also portable swings that are lightweight and easy to carry (in case you think your baby will need the swing while visiting grandma).
When selecting a swing, look for a sturdy frame; a wide base; secure safety straps; smooth surfaces free of sharp edges, hinges that can catch little fingers, or small parts that can break off; a seat that reclines for a young infant; an activity tray for diversion; adjustable speeds; quiet motor or quiet crank mechanism; and easy accessibility. Check if the swing you’re purchasing is safe for babies under six weeks old (some aren’t), and stop using the swing when your baby reaches 15 to 20 pounds (check the manufacturer’s weight recommendations). Never use the swing as a substitute for supervision; use it only when baby’s in the same room as you. Also, limit the amount of time your baby spends in the swing, especially at high speeds; some babies can get dizzy from a lot of swinging time.
Night-light. As you stumble out of bed for yet another middle-of-the-night feeding, you’ll be thankful for a night-light (or a lamp with a dimmer) in your baby’s room. Not only will it keep you from tripping over that stuffed giraffe you left in the middle of the floor, but it will also keep you from having to turn on a bright light (which will be jarring for you and baby, disturbing the sleepy darkness and making a return to dreamland more elusive). Look for a plug-in model that can safely be left on, and remember to put it in an outlet that baby can’t reach.
Portable crib. If you plan on traveling often to places where such equipment will not be available (or may not meet safety standards), you should consider a portable crib. Portable cribs are smaller than full-size cribs, fold up easily, fit in the trunk of a car, and are available in wood, plastic, or with mesh sides. If buying one, look for easy folding, storage, and portability. See Play Yard, page 64, for more on safety features.
Because you’re not going to want to literally be a stay-at-home parent—even if you’re not going back to work—you’ll need to prepare for taking your baby out of the house by getting (at a minimum) a stroller and a car seat. As with nursery furniture, when choosing outing equipment there are endless styles, colors, finishes, and features to pick from. Once again, your job is to make sure whatever you choose for your baby is chosen with safety, comfort, and your budget in mind. You’ll also want to take into account your lifestyle (Are you in and out of your car often? Do you walk to the corner grocery store to do your shopping? Will you be boarding buses with baby daily?) before selecting outing equipment.
In general, look for items that meet federal safety standards and have adequate safety straps at the crotch and waist, where appropriate. You should avoid choosing any items that have rough edges, sharp points, or small parts that might break loose; exposed hinges or springs; or attached strings, cords, or ribbons. Be sure to follow the manufacturer’s directions for use and maintenance of all items and to regularly check baby’s stroller, car seat, and other equipment for loose screws, frayed straps, supports that have snapped, and other signs of wear. Also, always send in your product registration card so that you can be notified in case of a recall.
Stroller and/or carriage. The right stroller (or strollers) can make your daily life with baby—from the proverbial walk in the park to that hike through the mall—much more manageable and much less exhausting. But wading through the dozens of choices (and price tags) in the store can be overwhelming, to say the least. Because there are so many different types of strollers, carriages, travel systems, joggers, and stroller/carriage combinations available, you’ll need to consider your lifestyle in order to find the one (or ones) right for you. Will you be taking long, leisurely strolls with your baby on quiet suburban streets (or in that park)? Or will you be hitting the jogging trails with junior? Do you spend a lot of time getting in and out of your car? Or more time climbing in and out of buses or subway stations?
Will you be taking mostly short walks to the corner store, or will you also be taking long trips with your baby on airplanes or trains? Do you have a toddler at home who still likes to be in a stroller? Are you (or your spouse or caregiver) very tall or very short? Do you live in a small walk-up apartment, an elevator building, or a house with many steps at the front door? Once you’ve answered these questions, you’re armed with enough information to make your choice. And, depending on your budget, you might consider buying more than one type for more flexibility. The basic strollers and carriages available include:
Classic carriage or pram: Considered the “limousine” of strollers, this English-style buggy or pram is similar to the kind grandma used to use. These are typically very sturdy, have large (nonswiveling) wheels for a smooth ride, shock-absorbing suspension, and elegant canopies and fabrics. In most, the bassinet component snaps into the chassis (and can double as a travel bassinet) and the baby faces the parent. Carriages are large, heavy (weighing around 40 pounds), extremely durable (can be passed down to all your children), and usually expensive. They are a great choice if you’ll be taking long strolls with baby but won’t have to be navigating flights of stairs on your way in and out of your home.
Convertible carriage-stroller: Because only carriages (with their flat surface) or strollers that recline are appropriate for a baby under three months, a convertible carriage-stroller can be a good choice for parents who want the sturdiness and comfort of a carriage but also the convenience and maneuverability of a stroller. The convertible models recline fully to a flat surface, allowing a parent to look down into the carriage at their newborn. Once the baby gets a little older (four to six months), the handle is flipped, the seat back pushed up, and presto, you’ve got yourself a front-facing stroller. Most models fold relatively compactly, and while they are heavier and more cumbersome than midsize strollers (see below), they are also very durable and will last many years (and through many babies, if you’re so inclined).
Standard midsize stroller: These models are designed to be portable and fold compactly. Most are made of aluminum (generally weighing just over 15 pounds); are sturdy and easy to fold; have a reclining seat; and provide a smooth ride. Although they are heavier and more cumbersome when traveling (or hopping in and out of buses or subways) than umbrella strollers (see below), they are a good choice for parents looking for durability and comfort.
Umbrella (lightweight) stroller: Umbrella strollers (so named because of their curved handlebars) are feather-light (usually weighing between 5 and 15 pounds) and exceptionally easy to fold. When folded, they are extremely compact for convenient carrying and storing. Since most do not recline or offer sufficient padding or support, they can’t be used for small babies, but they’re ideal for older children, especially when traveling, using public transportation, or getting in and out of a car often. You may want to hold off on buying an umbrella stroller until your baby’s big enough to use it. (A kickstand is a great addition to an umbrella stroller; it can keep a bag-laden stroller from tipping backward when you lift baby out.)
Travel system stroller: Travel system strollers are convenient “all-in-ones,” combining car seat and stroller in one package. The base is a standard stroller that allows an infant car seat to be snapped on top. Parents find this especially convenient because they can move a sleeping baby from car to stroller without waking him or her up. And once your baby outgrows the infant car seat, the bottom part can be used as a stand-alone stroller, similar to the midsize strollers described above. These travel system strollers are usually heavier than standard strollers (even though the stroller base is not usually as sturdy as a standard stroller), but are a good choice for those looking for car convenience. There are also lightweight stroller frames available that allow any brand of infant car seat to be clipped on, providing the same advantages as those of the larger stroller system, though when the baby gets too big for the car seat, the frame can’t be used as a stand-alone stroller.
Jogger stroller: Looking for a way to get back into shape and bring baby along? If you’re an avid jogger or enjoy long walks in the country, a jogger stroller might be the right choice for you. These strollers have three large wheels, great suspension, provide a smooth ride for your child on all terrains, and are lightweight. Many have a braking system, come with wrist straps and a storage pouch or basket, and are easy to maneuver (though they should be used only on smooth terrain). Most aren’t designed to tote newborns, so if you’re looking to hit the jogging path sooner rather than later, choose one that comes with an infant seat attachment so baby can recline in comfort and safety while you sweat those pregnancy pounds off.
Double (or triple) stroller: If you’re expecting baby number two and you have a toddler at home, or if you are having twins, you’ll need a double stroller (or triple if you’re expecting triplets, have a toddler and new twins, or have twin toddlers and a new baby). Double strollers offer the convenience of pushing two children as comfortably (almost) as pushing one. The two types of double strollers are the side-by-side model or tandem (one seat in front of the other). If you’re buying a side-by-side model, look for one that has reclining seats and can fit through doorways and aisles (most do, but some are too wide for narrow passageways). A tandem model is great for a newborn and a toddler but can be heavy to push, and when baby gets bigger, your children may fight over who gets the “front seat.” Another option if you have an older child: a stroller that has a sitting ledge or standing platform in the front or back so you can push both children together.
Regardless of which type of stroller you buy, be sure it meets current safety standards. Look for one with a wide wheel base and swivel wheels (if applicable) for easy maneuverability, and good wheel brakes. Keep in mind that better-quality nylon or metal (and thus more expensive) wheels will last much longer, are easier to maneuver, and provide a smoother ride than those made of soft plastic. A good brand will also have buckles that are easy for you (but not your crafty toddler) to latch and unlatch. Buckles should also fit snugly around your baby’s waist and crotch, be adjustable, and be comfortable. A jogging stroller should have a five-point harness (with shoulder straps) for maximum safety. Plastic strollers are light and easy to carry but are not as sturdy (and won’t last as long) as those made from aluminum. Steel ones are also sturdy but can be quite heavy. Washable fabric and padding that is removable is a plus, as you’ll find out the first time the diaper leaks or the juice spills.
Each type of stroller comes with its own set of bells and whistles. Decide from the many available features what you won’t be able to live without, what you’ll find useful, and what you probably won’t end up needing at all: a large basket or storage area to tote diaper bag, groceries, or baby toys (don’t overload handles with bags or other items, since the weight could tip the stroller over and baby with it); adjustable handle height if anyone who will be pushing the stroller is very tall; a rain shield; child feeding tray; a tray for parents complete with cup holder (for your latte); diaper bag hooks; removable weather boot; sun canopy or umbrella; canopy with sunroof; adjustable footrest; one-handed fold; one-handed steering.
Strollers that have reclining seats are necessary for a small infant and advantageous for when your toddler falls asleep. If you’ll be folding your stroller often (to store in your house, to put in the car, to get on a bus), you’ll want one that has an easy open and close mechanism, and one that you can fold and unfold while holding your baby.
Finally, before buying any stroller, take it for a test drive in the store to see how easy it is to handle, if it is comfortable for you and your baby, and how it folds and unfolds.
Child safety seat. Car seats aren’t just for your peace of mind and your baby’s safety, they’re required by law. In fact, most hospitals won’t even let you take your baby home unless you have an infant car seat securely strapped into your car’s backseat. Even if you don’t own a car, you’ll need a car seat if you ever plan to get into a cab, go for a drive in someone else’s car, or rent a car. More than any other item on your shopping list, this is the one you’ll need to have before that first contraction hits.
The five-point harness has five straps: two at the shoulders, two at the hips, and one at the crotch. Experts usually rate this type of harness as safest because it offers more points of protection. Look for this type if choosing a convertible car seat; a newborn fits best in this type of harness.
When choosing a child safety seat, be sure it meets Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS). Never borrow an older car seat or use one that’s already been in an accident. Also be sure to send in the registration card so the manufacturer can notify you if there is a recall on your car seat. See page 138 for information on installing your baby’s car seat properly and more safety tips.
There are many types of car seats available. The right type of safety seat will depend on your child’s age, size, and weight. Features within each category vary from manufacturer to manufacturer, so decide which model works best for your situation, then choose a seat that’s easy to use and that fits well in your vehicle.
Rear-facing infant seats: These seats, designed to support a baby’s head, neck, and back, are installed rear-facing (facing the back window of your vehicle) in the backseat and recline at a 45-degree angle. You can choose either a three- or five-point harness buckling system, though five-point provides by far the best protection and is favored by safety experts. Many models have a stay-incar detachable base that allows for quick installation and easy removal. After buckling your baby into the seat, you simply lock the seat into the base. (This feature is also helpful if you’re using a travel system stroller, see page 56.) These seats can also be used without the base. Rear-facing infant seats usually have carrying handles that vary in style and ease of use. Angle indicators, built-in angle adjusters, and head support systems are standard on most infant car seats. A rear-facing seat should be used until your baby is at least one year old and 20 pounds. Children who reach 20 pounds before the first birthday (many babies reach that weight by nine months or even sooner), or who outgrow the infant seat height-wise (they’re 27 inches tall and/or their head has reached the top of the car seat back) still need to stay in the rear-facing position until they’re a year old. Some rear-facing infant seats can be used up to 30 to 35 pounds, making it easier for you to keep a big baby rear-facing the full year, or you can switch to a convertible seat (and use it in the rear-facing position) when baby’s outgrown the infant seat.
A rear-facing seat should be used until a baby is at least one year old and twenty pounds. The harness slots should be at or below your baby’s shoulders; the harness chest clip should be at the infant’s armpit level. Check the instructions to see how the carrying handle should be positioned during travel. Never place any rear-facing infant seat in the front seat of a vehicle, particularly one equipped with air bags.
Infant-toddler convertible seats: These seats can be used in the rear-facing position for babies under one year and 20 pounds and in the front-facing position for children up to 40 pounds (around four years old; weight specifications vary from model to model, so read the information on their packaging carefully). One advantage to this type of seat is that your baby can use it from birth right through the toddler years. Another advantage is that it can accommodate babies who are too tall or heavy for most infant seats, keeping them in the recommended rear-facing position until at least the first birthday. The drawback is that it provides a less secure fit for the newborn than the rear-facing infant seat. If you do choose a convertible car seat, make sure your baby can recline comfortably in the seat in the rear-facing position.
Toddler-only forward-facing seats: These car seats are used for children at least one year old and over 20 pounds and can be used, depending on the model, until your toddler is 40 to 60 pounds. These usually are available with the five-point harness (which is considered by far the safest), the T-shield, or the overhead (or tray) shield. Some models convert to a belt-positioning booster seat when your child is over 40 pounds.
Booster seats: An adult lap-shoulder belt does not fit properly (and therefore isn’t safe) until a child is at least 8 years and is approaching 57 inches tall. So from the time your child is 40 pounds and outgrows the toddler (or convertible) seat until he or she is tall enough and mature enough to sit safely in an adult safety belt, you’ll need to use a booster seat. A belt-positioning booster seat is used with the car’s lap/shoulder belts. It raises your child so that the adult seat belts fit properly, assuring that your child’s upper body and head will be protected in a collision. (The shield booster, an older-model booster designed to be used with a lap belt only, does not provide enough upper body protection, according to most experts, and is no longer certified for use in children weighing more than 40 pounds.)
Your child should continue to use a booster until he or she can sit all the way back against the vehicle seat with his or her knees bending comfortably at the edge of the seat cushion; the lap portion of the belt should fit tightly across the top of the thighs (and not ride up over the belly), and the shoulder portion should fit tightly over the shoulder (and not cut into the neck or face). You won’t need a booster seat until your child has graduated from the toddler or convertible seat, and since models change from year to year, you’re much better holding off on this purchase. (For more on booster seats and safety, see What to Expect the Toddler Years).
This safety seat attachment system, developed by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), makes child safety seats easier to use and safer than ever. The system, called Lower Anchors and Tethers for CHildren (LATCH), makes correct installation much less complicated because you don’t need to use seat belts to secure the safety seat.
NHTSA requires that all new forward-facing child car seats be equipped with top tether strap attachments. The adjustable tether strap is a belt that better stabilizes the car seat and reduces the potential for your child’s head to be thrown forward in a collision. The tether strap is anchored to the upper back of the child car seat and hooks into the rear shelf area, the ceiling, or the floor of your vehicle. All cars, mini-vans, and light trucks built after model year 2000 can accommodate the tether strap; tether kits are also available for most older car seats.
Vehicles made after model year 2002 also have lower anchors located between the vehicle’s seat cushion and seat back, which enables a car seat (made after year 2002) to be snapped into the anchors for a secure fit. Together, the lower anchors and upper tethers make up the LATCH system. Remember, if you have a car seat and/or car made before model year 2002, you still must use your car’s seat belts to secure the car seat.
Integrated safety seats: Some vehicles on the market feature front-facing child safety seats that are built in, or integrated, into the vehicle’s seat itself and can accommodate a child up to 60 or 65 pounds. These seats are very convenient, eliminating the need to install and remove the safety seat (and the possibility of installing it incorrectly). Keep in mind, however, that you’ll still need a rear-facing infant safety seat for your baby and a booster seat for when he or she gets older.
Baby carrier or sling. Marsupials (such as kangaroos) and many human cultures have known for millennia the benefits of “wearing” a baby: convenience (no stroller or carriage to push), efficiency (parental hands are freed up for any number of multitasks, from doing laundry, to checking e-mail, to carting groceries, to eating dinner), enhanced comfort for baby (babies who are worn cry less), and enhanced pleasure for parents (nothing beats having a sweet, warm baby snuggled at your breast). For those reasons and for dozens of others, most every parent will appreciate having a baby carrier or sling on hand in the first year of life and beyond. There are as many styles of carriers and slings to choose from as there are reasons for buying or borrowing one:
Designed for children from birth to 40 pounds, this unit faces the rear in a semireclining position for infant use, then can be switched to an upright, front-facing position when baby is older. When in the front-facing position, the car seat (like a toddler-only forward-facing car seat) should be in the upright position, and the shoulder straps should be moved to the slots above your child’s shoulders. The harness chest clip should be at your child’s armpit level. Place this seat (and all children under the age of thirteen) in the rear seat of the vehicle.
Front carriers consist of a fabric compartment supported by two shoulder straps. They are designed so your baby can either face inward (especially useful for when baby is sleeping or for a newborn who doesn’t have good head control) or face outward (so baby can enjoy the same sights as you). They feature adjustable straps that distribute weight evenly so that your back and shoulders share the load. Most can accommodate an infant up to 30 pounds, though many parents find that a backpack works better once baby is over six months. Some front carriers convert to backpacks.
When choosing a front carrier, look for one that is easy to hook up and detach without help and that won’t require you to wake up your baby to slip him or her out; adjustable, padded straps that don’t dig into your shoulders; easy washability; breathable fabric (so baby won’t overheat); head and shoulder support for baby; and a wide bottom that supports bottom and thighs.
A sling carrier is a wide swath of fabric that slings across your body, supported by a shoulder strap. Infants are able to lie down comfortably in them or face outward. An older baby can straddle your hip while being supported by the sling. An additional plus for nursing mothers: Slings allow discreet and convenient breastfeeding. When choosing a sling, look for washable, breathable fabric; a well-padded and comfortable strap; and trimness (one that isn’t bulky with extra fabric).
A framed carrier is a backpack frame made of metal or plastic with a fabric seat. Unlike front carriers, which distribute baby’s weight on your shoulders and neck, a backpack carrier places the weight on your back and waist. This type of carrier is not recommended for babies under six months old but can be used for children up to 40 pounds and age three (depending on the model). When choosing one, look for models that have a built-in stand, which helps make loading and mounting easier; are moisture resistant; and have: cleanable fabric, adjustability, safety straps or harness to prevent your child from climbing out, firm and thick shoulder strap padding, lumbar support to help distribute the weight down toward your hips, and storage pockets for baby paraphernalia (so you don’t have to lug a separate diaper bag on your shoulder as well). A heavy-duty backpack is necessary for long hikes. A lightweight model is fine for errands. A backpack that converts to a stroller could come in quite handy.
Carriers should not be used while driving, jogging, exercising, or cooking. Always bend at the knees to pick something up when “wearing” your baby (so he or she doesn’t slide out), and stay off stools and ladders. Never use a carrier instead of a car seat, and never leave a child unattended and propped up in a back carrier—even for a moment.
Diaper bag. Have baby, will travel—but you won’t get far without a diaper bag. A diaper bag is, for most parents, something they don’t leave home without … ever. But with so many on the market, how do you choose? Simple: The best diaper bag for you is the one that best suits your needs. For example, if you’re doing any bottle feeding, you’ll want a diaper bag that has a separate insulated bottle holding area. Also consider size and carrying comfort. You don’t want one that can’t fit more than one diaper and a bottle in it; on the other hand, a very large one will be too unwieldy to lug around. Look for one in a moisture-resistant material such as nylon or vinyl with multiple roomy compartments (so you can keep diapers, especially dirty ones, away from bottles and food); a shoulder strap or backpack style; a zipper closing for the main compartment; a detachable changing pad; style, if that’s important to you (some parents prefer the kind of sleek, sophisticated diaper bag that could pass as a large handbag; others like one that screams “baby”—complete with pastel ducks or alphabet blocks, while still others seek a bag to match their stroller or baby blanket). You can also adapt any other carrier (such as a gym bag, backpack, or oversize handbag) for carrying baby gear.
Already overwhelmed by the length (and expense) of your shopping list? Here’s some good news: the following items won’t be needed until baby’s older, which means you can safely put off purchasing them. However, you may still want to register for the big-ticket items in case a close friend or relative (or a group of friends or relatives chipping in together) opt to buy them for you now.
Now that you’ve bought the truckloads of baby paraphernalia you’ll need for the first year (and then some), it’s time to put some thought into the kind of planning that’s not sold in any stores—planning that will protect your baby’s future.
Write a will. Nearly three quarters of all Americans do not have a will. Being without a will is always a risky proposition, but it can result in especially unfortunate circumstances in the case of young families, whose children might be left unprotected if their parents pass away. Even if you don’t have many financial assets, you’ll need to name at least one guardian who will be able to raise your child (or children) if you and your spouse die before they reach the age of eighteen. If you don’t have a will stating your preferences, the courts will determine who gets custody of your children.
Start saving. As much as you think it will cost to raise your child, it will probably cost a lot more. The sooner you start putting money away for your child’s future expenses (especially education) the better, because your initial investment, even if it’s small, will have more time to grow. Start now, with your next paycheck; eighteen years from now, you’ll be glad you did.
Buy life insurance for yourself (not baby). But make sure it’s the right kind. Financial planners advise that parents buy term life insurance to protect the rest of your family in case you die. Such insurance provides a benefit upon death without any cash accumulation. You should also consider disability insurance, since younger adults are more likely to be disabled (and thus unable to earn sufficient income) than to die prematurely.
High chair. You won’t need a high chair until your baby is on solids (usually around six months old; babies who start solids earlier can be fed in an infant seat). Still, next to the crib and the car seat, the high chair is one of the most indispensable of baby furnishings. Again, you’ll find a staggering number of models to choose from, with a variety of features; some have adjustable height, others recline (which makes them perfect for feeding babies under six months), while still others fold up for storage.
When choosing a high chair, look for one that has JPMA certification with a wide, sturdy, nontip base; a tray that can be easily removed or locked in place with one hand; a wide lip to catch spills; a seat back high enough to support baby’s head; comfortable padding; safety straps; a crotch post to keep baby from slipping down; wheels that lock; a secure locking device if the chair folds; and no sharp edges. Also important: Make sure the high chair you choose is easy to clean (plastic or vinyl seat, plastic tray).
There are plenty of hand-painted wooden high chairs available (at high cost) for style-conscious parents; however, they often get low marks in practicality once less-style-conscious baby starts smearing them with applesauce and mashed bananas.
Portable feeding seat. Also called booster seats, these are invaluable when you’re visiting friends or relatives or dining at restaurants that don’t provide them; otherwise your baby will be dining on your lap. They also come in handy when your toddler’s ready to move to the table with you but isn’t quite ready for prime-time seating. (Once they start walking—and sometimes before—toddlers lose patience with being confined in tight spaces, such as high chairs, and appreciate the relative freedom of a booster.) A booster seat is a plastic seat that can be strapped onto a regular chair. Many have adjustable seat levels; some have attachable trays.
Another option is the booster seat that locks directly onto a table, though some question the safety of these hook-on types; there is the risk that your child might unhook the chair by pushing back with his or her feet. And not all tables can accommodate hook-on models. When buying a portable feeding seat, look for a comfortable seat; sturdy design; safety straps to prevent baby’s slipping out; portability; if applicable, a removable tray; and a locking mechanism to prevent falls. See page 332 for safety tips.
Tub seat. Once baby outgrows the baby bathtub, but before he or she is big enough to comfortably sit in the big bathtub, a tub seat can come in handy. The Consumer Product Safety Commission (CPSC) is currently working on new safety standards for baby bath seats because of safety concerns with the current designs. Until the tub seats are redesigned, if you do decide on getting a tub seat, look for safety straps and a suction bottom. Most important, never leave your child unattended in a bath seat, and always keep him or her within arm’s reach. A child can slip under the water and drown in the time it takes to fetch a towel or answer a telephone.
Play yard. Also known as playpens (though this is now considered a less politically correct term because of its connotations of incarceration) or travel yards, play yards are usually rectangular in shape, with a floor, mesh sides, and rails that lock and unlock for easy (but safe) collapsibility and folding. Most fold into a long rectangle and come with a carrying case for easy transport. Some have wheels; others have removable padded changing stations that fit on top, built-in bassinets for newborns, side storage areas, and even a canopy for shade (useful if you bring the play yard outdoors). Play yards can also be used as portable cribs when traveling. When choosing a play yard, look for JPMA certification, fine-mesh netting that won’t catch fingers or buttons; removable fitted sheets for easy cleanup; tough pads that won’t tear easily; padded metal hinges; a baby-proof collapse mechanism; quick setup; easy folding; and portability.
Safety gate. As soon as junior starts to crawl (or starts getting around another way, such as creeping or cruising), you should install safety gates wherever potential hazards might lurk (doorways to rooms that are unsafe for baby; the top and bottom of stairs). Pressure-mounted gates consist of two sliding panels that adjust to the size of the doorway and then lock into place by wedging against the doorposts. Such a gate shouldn’t be used on stairs.
Another option is the wall-mounted gate, which attaches directly to the wall using screws and can withstand a lot more force than the pressure-mounted ones. This type of gate usually has a swinging door plus a latch that locks it shut. When choosing a safety gate, look for JPMA certification; expandability (to fit all size doorways and stairs); sturdiness; slats (if there are any) no more than 2 inches apart; a latch that is easy to open and close (or you may neglect to close it), preferably with a one-handed release. Do not use an old accordion-style gate—they are unsafe.
Stationary entertainers (ExerSaucer).
Mobile walkers are no longer recommended, and in fact, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has called for a ban on the manufacture and sale of mobile infant walkers because of the huge risk of injury and even death. Instead, parents have the option of purchasing a stationary entertainment toy (commonly called ExerSaucer) that allows a baby to bounce, jump, spin, and play while staying safely in one place. When choosing, look for one with height adjustment (so it can grow with baby); a padded, washable seat that spins in a full circle; a sturdy stationary base; and a wide selection of attached toys and activities. If you do opt for an ExerSaucer, make sure you do not leave your baby in it for long periods of time (see page 333 for reasons why).
