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Selected Bibliography

Abrams, Elliott. “The Grounds for an Israeli Attack.” World Affairs 175, No. 1 (May/June 2012): 25–30.

Albright, David, Paul Brannan, and Jacqueline Shire. “Can Military Strikes Destroy Iran’s Gas Centrifuge Program? Probably Not.” Institute for Science and International Security, August 7, 2008.

Alfoneh, Ali. “The Revolutionary Guards’ Role in Iranian Politics.” Middle East Quarterly 15, No. 4 (Fall 2008): 3–14.

Allin, Dana H., and Steven Simon. The Sixth Crisis: Iran, Israel, America, and the Rumors of War. New York: Oxford University Press, 2010.

Alterman, Jon B., ed. “Gulf Kaleidoscope: Reflections on the Iranian Challenge.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, May 2012.

Anrig, Christian F. “Allied Air Power over Libya.” Air & Space Power Journal 25, No. 4 (Winter 2011): 89–109.

Ansari, Ali. “The Revolution Will Be Mercantilized.” National Interest, No. 105 (January/February 2010).

Baghat, Gawdat. “Nuclear Proliferation: The Case of Saudi Arabia.” Middle East Journal 60, No. 3 (Summer 2006): 421–43.

———. “Nuclear Proliferation: The Islamic Republic of Iran.” Iranian Studies 39, No. 3 (2006): 307–27.

Bahari, Maziar, with Aimee Molloy. Then They Came for Me: A Family’s Story of Love, Captivity, and Survival. New York: Random House, 2011.

Bakhash, Shaul. The Reign of the Ayatollahs: Iran and the Islamic Revolution. Rev ed. New York: Basic Books, 1990.

Baldwin, David A. Economic Statecraft. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985.

Baram, Amatzia. “Deterrence Lessons from Iraq.” Foreign Affairs 91, No. 4 (July/August 2012): 76–85.

Barkey, Henri J., and Uri Dadush. “Why No U.S. President Will Bomb Iran.” National Interest, January 27, 2010.

Barkey, Henri J., and Graham E. Fuller. Turkey’s Kurdish Question. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1998.

Barrie, Douglas. “Libya’s Lessons: The Air Campaign.” Survival 54, No. 6 (December 2012/January 2013): 57–65.

Beres, Louis René, and General (USAF, ret.) John T. Chain. “Israel and Iran at the Eleventh Hour.” Oxford University Press blog, February 23, 2012, available at http://blog.oup.com/2012/02/israel-iran-nuclear/.

Bergman, Ronen. “Will Israel Attack Iran?” New York Times Magazine, January 25, 2012.

Betts, Richard K. “The Lost Logic of Deterrence: What the Strategy That Won the Cold War Can—and Can’t—Do Now.” Foreign Affairs 92, No. 2 (March/April 2013): 87–99.

———. Nuclear Blackmail and Nuclear Balance. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 1987.

———. “The Osirak Fallacy.” National Interest, No. 83 (Spring 2006): 22–25.

Bill, James A. The Eagle and the Lion: The Tragedy of American-Iranian Relations. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1988.

Blight, James G., Janet M. Lang, Hussein Banai, Malcolm Byrne, and John Tirman. Becoming Enemies: U.S.-Iran Relations and the Iran-Iraq War, 1979–1988. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 2012.

Bracken, Paul. “If Iran Gets the Bomb.” Wall Street Journal, November 17–18, 2012, p. C3.

———. The Second Nuclear Age: Strategy, Danger, and the New Power Politics. New York: Times Books, 2012.

Braut-Hegghammer, Malfrid. “Revisiting Osirak: Preventive Attacks and Nuclear Proliferation Risks.” International Security 36, No. 1 (Summer 2011): 101–32.

Brodie, Bernard, ed. The Absolute Weapon: Atomic Power and World Order. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1946.

———. “The Development of Nuclear Strategy.” International Security 2, No. 4 (Spring 1978): 65–83.

Brzezinski, Zbigniew. Power and Principle: Memoirs of the National Security Adviser, 1977–1981. Rev ed. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1985.

Byman, Daniel L. Deadly Connections: States That Sponsor Terrorism. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 2005.

Campbell, Kurt M., Robert J. Einhorn, and Mitchell B. Reiss, eds. The Nuclear Tipping Point: Why States Reconsider Their Nuclear Choices. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2004.

Cheney, Dick, with Liz Cheney. In My Time: A Personal and Political Memoir. New York: Threshold Editions, 2011.

Choksy, Jamsheed K. “Are the Mullahs Losing Their Grip?” World Affairs 175, No. 1 (May/June 2012): 17–24.

Chubin, Shahram. “Extended Deterrence and Iran.” Strategic Insights 8, No. 5 (December 2009).

———. “A Grand Bargain with Iran.” Foreign Affairs 90, No. 2 (March/April 2011).

———. “Iran’s Strategic Environment and Nuclear Weapons.” In Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Options: Issues and Analysis, ed. Geoffrey Kemp (Washington, D.C.: Nixon Center, 2001).

———. Whither Iran? Reform, Domestic Politics, and National Security. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2002.

Clarke, Richard A. Against All Enemies: Inside America’s War on Terror. New York: Free Press, 2004.

Clawson, Patrick. “Adjustment to a Foreign Exchange Shock: Iran, 1951–1953.” International Journal of Middle East Studies 19, No. 1 (February 1987): 1–22.

Clawson, Patrick, and Michael Eisenstadt. “Deterring the Ayatollahs: Complications in Applying Cold War Strategy in Iran.” Policy Focus No. 72, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, July 2007.

———. “The Last Resort: Consequences of Preventive Military Action Against Iran.” Policy Focus No. 84, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 2008.

Clawson, Patrick, and Henry Sokolski, eds. Checking Iran’s Nuclear Ambitions. Carlisle, Pa.: U.S. Army War College, 2004.

Cordesman, Anthony H. “Iran, Oil, and the Strait of Hormuz.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, March 26, 2007.

Cordesman, Anthony H., and Abdullah Toukan. “Analyzing the Impact of Preventive Strikes Against Iran’s Nuclear Facilities.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, September 10, 2012, available at http://csis.org/files/publication/120906_Iran_US_Preventive_Strikes.pdf.

———. “Study on a Possible Israeli Strike on Iran’s Nuclear Development Facilities.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, March 14, 2009, available at http://csis.org/files/media/csis/pubs/090316_israelistrikeiran.pdf.

Cortright, David, and George A. Lopez, eds. Economic Sanctions: Panacea or Peacebuilding in a Post–Cold War World? Boulder, Colo.: Westview Press, 1995.

Crist, David. The Twilight War: The Secret History of America’s Thirty-Year Conflict with Iran. New York: Penguin Press, 2012.

Dehez, Dustin. “Iran: The Flaws of Containment.” Perspectives Paper No. 123, Begin-Sadat Center for Strategic Studies, November 24, 2010.

Dobbins, James, Alireza Nader, Dalia Dassa Kaye, and Frederic Wehrey. Coping with a Nuclearizing Iran. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2011.

Donnelly, Thomas, Danielle Pletka, and Maseh Zarif. “Containing and Deterring a Nuclear Iran: Questions for Strategy, Requirements for Military Forces.” American Enterprise Institute, December 2011, available at http://www.foreignpolicy.com/files/fp_uploaded_documents/111205_AEI%20Iran%20report%20text%20final%20Dec%206%202011.pdf.

Drezner, Daniel W. The Sanctions Paradox: Economic Statecraft and International Relations. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Edelman, Eric S., Andrew F. Krepinevich, and Evan Braden Montgomery. “The Dangers of a Nuclear Iran.” Foreign Affairs 90, No. 1 (January/February 2011): 66–81.

———. “Why Obama Should Take Out Iran’s Nuclear Program.” Foreign Affairs online, available at http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/136655/eric-s-edelman-andrew-f-krepinevich-jr-and-evan-braden-montgomer/why-obama-should-take-out-irans-nuclear-program.

Ehteshami, Anoushiravan. “Iran’s International Posture After the Fall of Baghdad.” Middle East Journal 58, No. 2 (Spring 2004): 179–94.

Eisenstadt, Michael, and Mehdi Khalaji. “Forget the Fatwa.” National Interest online, March 13, 2013, available at http://nationalinterest.org/commentary/forget-the-fatwa-8220.

Eisenstadt, Michael, and Michael Knights. “Beyond Worst-Case Analysis: Iran’s Likely Responses to an Israeli Preventive Strike.” Policy Notes No. 11, Washington Institute for Near East Policy, June 2012.

Eizenstat, Stuart E. “Do Economic Sanctions Work? Lessons from ILSA and Other U.S. Sanctions Regimes.” Atlantic Council, Occasional Paper, February 2004.

Esfandiari, Haleh. My Prison, My Home: One Woman’s Story of Captivity in Iran. New York: HarperCollins, 2009.

Evron, Yair. “An Israel-Iran Balance of Nuclear Deterrence: Seeds of Instability.” In Israel and a Nuclear Iran: Implications for Arms Control, Deterrence, and Defense. INSS Memorandum No. 94, July 2008, pp. 47–63.

Feldman, Shai, Shlomo Brom, and Shimon Stein. “What to Do About Nuclearizing Iran? The Israeli Debate.” Brandeis University, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brief No. 59, February 2012.

Fischer, Michael M. J. Iran: From Religious Dispute to Revolution. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1980.

Fitzpatrick, Mark. “Iran: The Fragile Promise of the Fuel-Swap Plan.” Survival 52, No. 3 (June/July 2010): 67–94.

Fuhrmann, Matthew, and Sarah E. Kreps. “Targeting Nuclear Programs in War and Peace.” Belfer Center Discussion Paper 2009-11, Harvard Kennedy School, October 2009.

Fuller, Graham E. “The Center of the Universe”: The Geopolitics of Iran. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1991.

Fursenko, Aleksandr, and Timothy Naftali. Khrushchev’s Cold War: The Inside Story of an American Adversary. New York: Norton, 2006.

———. “One Hell of a Gamble”: Khrushchev, Castro, and Kennedy 1958–1964. New York: Norton, 1997.

Gaddis, John Lewis. The Cold War: A New History. Paperback ed. New York: Penguin, 2005.

———. Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy During the Cold War. Revised and expanded ed. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Garthoff, Raymond A. A Journey Through the Cold War: A Memoir of Containment and Coexistence. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.

Gerecht, Reuel Marc. “Should Israel Bomb Iran? Better Safe Than Sorry.” Weekly Standard 15, No. 42 (July 26, 2010).

Hamilton, James D. “Historical Oil Shocks.” Paper prepared for the Handbook of Major Events in Economic History. February 1, 2011, available at http://dss.ucsd.edu/~jhamilto/oil_history.pdf.

Haass, Richard N., ed. Economic Sanctions and American Diplomacy. New York: Council on Foreign Relations, 1998.

Haass, Richard N., and Meghan L. O’Sullivan, eds. Honey and Vinegar: Incentives, Sanctions, and Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2000.

Heintz, Stephen, William Luers, William Miller, Thomas Pickering, Jim Walsh, Frank Wisner, et al. “Weighing Benefits and Costs of Military Action Against Iran.” Iran Project, September 2012.

Hunter, Shireen T. Iran After Khomeini. New York: Praeger, 1992.

Huth, Paul K. “Extended Deterrence and the Outbreak of War.” American Political Science Review 82, No. 2 (June 1988).

———. Extended Deterrence and the Prevention of War. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1988.

Huth, Paul K., and Bruce Russett. “What Makes Deterrence Work? Cases from 1900 to 1980.” World Politics 36, No. 4 (July 1984): 496–526.

Jervis, Robert. “Getting to Yes with Iran: The Challenges of Coercive Diplomacy.” Foreign Affairs 92, No. 1 (January/February 2012): 105–15.

———. Perception and Misperception in International Politics. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1976.

Jervis, Robert, Richard Ned Lebow, and Janice Gross Stein. Psychology and Deterrence. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1985.

Kahl, Colin H. “Not Time to Attack Iran.” Foreign Affairs 91, No. 2 (March/April 2012): 166–73.

Kahl, Colin H., Melissa G. Dalton, and Matthew Irvine. “Atomic Kingdom: If Iran Builds the Bomb, Will Saudi Arabia be Next?” Center for a New American Security, February 2013.

———. “Risk and Rivalry: Iran, Israel, and the Bomb.” Center for a New American Security, June 2012.

Kam, Ephraim. “An Attack on Iran: The Morning After,” Strategic Assessment 15, No. 1 (April 2012): 15–28.

Katzman, Kenneth. “Iran: U.S. Concerns and Policy Responses.” Congressional Research Service, RL32048, September 5, 2012.

———. The Warriors of Islam: Iran’s Revolutionary Guard. Boulder, Colo.: Westview, 1993.

Kaye, Dalia Dassa, Alireza Nader, and Parisa Roshan. Israel and Iran: A Dangerous Rivalry. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2011.

Kemp, Geoffrey, ed. Iran’s Nuclear Weapons Options: Issues and Analysis. Washington, D.C.: Nixon Center, 2001.

Kempe, Frederick. Berlin 1961. New York: Penguin, 2011.

Kerr, Paul K. “Iran’s Nuclear Program: Status.” Congressional Research Service, RL34544, October 17, 2012.

Kroenig, Matthew. “Time to Attack Iran.” Foreign Affairs 91, No. 1 (January/February 2012): 76–87.

Kroenig, Matthew, and Robert McNally. “Iranian Nukes and Global Oil.” American Interest 8, No. 4 (March/April 2013): 41–47.

Kugler, Richard L. “An Extended Deterrence Regime to Counter Iranian Nuclear Weapons: Issues and Options.” Defense and Technology Paper No. 67. Center for Technology and National Security Policy, National Defense University, September 2009.

Kurzman, Charles. The Unthinkable Revolution in Iran. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Lambeth, Benjamin S. Airpower at 18,000’: The Indian Air Force in the Kargil War. Washington, D.C.: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2012.

Landau, Emily B., and Anat Kurz, eds. Arms Control Dilemmas: Focus on the Middle East. Tel Aviv: Institute for National Security Studies, 2012.

Ledeen, Michael A. The Iranian Time Bomb: The Mullah Zealots’ Quest for Destruction. New York: Truman Talley Books, 2007.

Levite, Ariel. “Never Say Never Again: Nuclear Reversal Revisited.” International Security 27, No. 3 (Winter 2002/2003): 59–88.

Levy, Daniel. “Netanyahu Won’t Attack Iran (Probably).” ForeignPolicy.com, March 2, 2012.

Lindsay, James, and Ray Takeyh. “After Iran Gets the Bomb.” Foreign Affairs 89, No. 2 (March/April 2010): 33–49.

Lynch, Marc. “Upheaval: U.S. Policy Toward Iran in a Changing Middle East.” Center for a New American Security, June 2011.

Majd, Hooman. The Ayatollah’s Democracy: An Iranian Challenge. New York: Norton, 2010.

Maloney, Suzanne. “Thinking the Unthinkable: The Gulf States and the Prospect of a Nuclear Iran.” Middle East Memo No. 27, Saban Center for Middle East Policy, Brookings Institution, January 2013.

McNally, Robert. “Energy Brief: Managing Oil Market Disruption in a Confrontation with Iran.” Council on Foreign Relations, January 2012.

Menashri, David. “Iran’s Regional Policy: Between Radicalism and Pragmatism.” Journal of International Affairs 60, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 2007): 153–65.

———. Post-Revolutionary Politics in Iran: Religion, Society, and Power. London: Frank Cass, 2001.

Milani, Mohsen. “Tehran’s Take: Understanding Iran’s U.S. Policy.” Foreign Affairs 88, No. 4 (July/August 2009): 46–62.

Morgan, Patrick M. Deterrence Now. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1999.

Murdock, Clark A., and Jessica M. Yeats. “Exploring the Nuclear Posture Implications of Extended Deterrence and Assurance.” Center for Strategic and International Studies, November 2009.

Nader, Alireza, David E. Thaler, and S. R. Bohandy. The Next Supreme Leader: Succession in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2011.

Nasr, Vali, and Ray Takeyh. “The Costs of Containing Iran.” Foreign Affairs 87, No. 1 (January/February 2008): 85–94.

“Options for Deploying Missile Defenses in Europe.” Congressional Budget Office, February 2009.

O’Sullivan, Meghan L. Shrewd Sanctions: Statecraft and State Sponsors of Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2002.

Ottolenghi, Emanuele. The Pasdaran: Inside Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps. Washington, D.C.: Foundation for the Defense of Democracies, 2011.

Parsi, Trita. A Single Roll of the Dice: Obama’s Diplomacy with Iran. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2012.

———. Treacherous Alliance: The Secret Dealings of Israel, Iran, and the United States. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007.

Pascual, Carlos, and Jonathan Elkind, eds. Energy Security: Economics, Politics, Strategies, and Implications. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2010.

Patrikarakos, David. Nuclear Iran: The Birth of an Atomic State. London: Tauris, 2012.

Paul, T. V. Power Versus Prudence: Why Nations Forgo Nuclear Weapons. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2000.

Paul, T. V., Patrick M. Morgan, and James J. Wirtz. Complex Deterrence: Strategy in the Global Age. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1999.

Payne, Keith B. The Fallacies of Cold War Deterrence and a New Direction. Lexington: University Press of Kentucky, 2001.

Pedatzur, Reuven. “Israel Can Deter Iran.” Translated by Sandy Bloom. Al-Monitor, October 9, 2012, available at http://m.al-monitor.com/pulse/security/01/10/the-iranian-threat-against-israe.html.

Peterson, Scott. Let the Swords Encircle Me: Iran—A Journey Behind the Headlines. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2010.

Pillar, Paul. Terrorism and U.S. Foreign Policy. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2001.

———. “We Can Live with a Nuclear Iran.” Washington Monthly (March/April 2012), available at http://www.washingtonmonthly.com/magazine/marchapril_2012/features/we_can_live_with_a_nuclear_ira035772.php.

Posen, Barry R. “Overkill.” Foreign Affairs 89, No. 4 (July/August 2010): 160–63.

“The Price of Inaction: An Analysis of Energy and Economic Effects of a Nuclear Iran.” Bipartisan Policy Center, October 10, 2012.

Raas, Whitney, and Austin Long. “Osiraq Redux: Assessing Israeli Capabilities to Destroy Iranian Nuclear Facilities.” International Security 31, No. 4 (Spring 2007): 7–33.

Ramberg, Bennett. “Looking Back: Osirak and Its Lessons for Iran Policy.” Arms Control Today 42, No. 4 (May 2012): 40–43.

Riedel, Bruce. “If Israel Attacks.” National Interest, No. 109 (September/October 2010).

Rieger, René, and Markus Schiller. “Pre-Emptive Strike Against Iran: Prelude to an Avoidable Disaster?” Middle East Policy 19, No. 4 (Winter 2012): 127–39.

Robb, Charles, Dennis Ross, and Michael Makvosky. “The Economic Cost of a Nuclear Iran.” Wall Street Journal, December 17, 2012.

Rubin, Barry. “The Right Kind of Containment.” Foreign Affairs 89, No. 4 (July/August 2010): 163–66.

Russell, Richard. “A Saudi Nuclear Option?” Survival 43, No. 2 (Summer 2001): 69–79.

Saberi, Roxana. Between Two Worlds: My Life and Captivity in Iran. New York: HarperCollins, 2010.

Sadjadpour, Karim. “The Nuclear Players.” Journal of International Affairs 60, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 2007): 125–34.

———. “Reading Khamenei: The World View of Iran’s Most Powerful Leader.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 2008.

Sadjadpour, Karim, and Diane de Gramont. “Reading Kennan in Tehran.” Foreign Affairs 90, No. 2 (March/April 2011).

Sagan, Scott D., and Kenneth N. Waltz. The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: A Debate Renewed. 2nd ed. New York: Norton, 2002.

Sagan, Scott D., Kenneth Waltz, and Richard K. Betts. “A Nuclear Iran: Promoting Stability or Courting Disaster?” Journal of International Affairs 60, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 2007): 135–50.

Sartori, Anne E. Deterrence by Diplomacy. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2005.

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Seifzadeh, Hossein S. “The Landscape of Factional Politics and Its Future in Iran.” Middle East Journal 57, No. 1 (Winter 2003): 57–75.

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Slavin, Barbara. Bitter Friends, Bosom Enemies: Iran, the U.S., and the Twisted Path to Confrontation. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2007.

Smith, Jeffrey H., and John B. Bellinger III. “Providing a Legal Basis to Attack Iran.” Washington Post, September 27, 2012.

“Spider Web: The Making and Unmaking of Iran Sanctions.” Middle East Report No. 138, International Crisis Group, February 25, 2013.

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Takeyh, Ray. “All the Ayatollah’s Men.” National Interest, No. 121 (September/October 2012): 51–61.

———. Guardians of the Revolution: Iran and the World in the Age of the Ayatollahs. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2009.

———. Hidden Iran: Paradox and Power in the Islamic Republic. New York: Times Books, 2006.

Talmadge, Caitlin. “Closing Time: Assessing the Iranian Threat to the Strait of Hormuz.” International Security 33, No. 1 (Summer 2008): 82–117.

Terrill, W. Andrew. The Saudi-Iranian Rivalry and the Future of Middle East Security. Carlisle, Pa.: U.S. Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2011.

Vaez, Ali, and Karim Sadjadpour. “Iran’s Nuclear Odyssey: Costs and Risks.” Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, April 2013.

Waltz, Kenneth N. “The Spread of Nuclear Weapons: More May Be Better.” Adelphi Paper No. 171. London: International Institute for Strategic Studies, 1981.

Ward, Steven R. “The Continuing Evolution of Iran’s Military Doctrine.” Middle East Journal 59, No. 4 (Autumn 2005): 559–76.

———. Immortal: A Military History of Iran and Its Armed Forces. Washington, D.C.: Georgetown University Press, 2009.

Watman, Kenneth, Dean Wilkening, with John Arquila and Brian Nichiporuk. “U.S. Regional Deterrence Strategies.” MR490, RAND Corporation, 1995.

Waxman, Matthew. “What the Cuban Missile Crisis Teaches Us About Iran.” CNN.com, October 25, 2012.

Wehrey, Frederic, Jerrold D. Green, Brian Nichiporuk, Alireza Nader, Lydia Hansell, Rasool Nafisi, and S. R. Bohandy. “The Rise of the Pasdaran: Assessing the Domestic Roles of Iran’s Islamic Revolutionary Guards Corps.” RAND Corporation, 2009, available at http://www.rand.org/pubs/monographs/2008/RAND_MG821.pdf.

Wehrey, Frederic, David E. Thale, Nora Bensahel, Kim Cragin, Jerrold D. Green, Dalia Dassa Kaye, Nadia Oweidat, and Jennifer Li. Dangerous but Not Omnipotent: Exploring the Reach and Limitations of Iranian Power in the Middle East. Santa Monica, Calif.: RAND, 2009.

Wilkening, Dean, and Kenneth Watman. “Nuclear Deterrence in a Regional Context.” MR 500, RAND Corporation, 1995.

Yadlin, Amos, and Avner Golov. “A Nuclear Iran: The Spur to a Regional Arms Race?” Strategic Assessment 15, No. 3 (October 2012): 7–26.

Yadlin, Amos, and Yoel Guzansky. “Iran on the Threshold.” Strategic Assessment 15, No. 1 (April 2012): 7–14.

Zanotti, Jim, Kenneth Katzman, Jeremiah Gertler, and Steven A. Hildreth. “Israel: Possible Military Strike Against Iran’s Nuclear Facilities.” Congressional Research Service, R42443, March 27, 2012.

Zarif, M. Javad. “Tackling the Iran-U.S. Crisis.” Journal of International Affairs 60, No. 2 (Spring/Summer 2007): 73–94.