Source Notes
4 Alessandro De Maddalena and Walter Heim, Sharks of New England (Camden, ME: Down East, 2010), preface.
4–5 Peter Benchley and Karen Wojtyla, Shark Life: True Stories about Sharks and the Sea (New York: Random House, 2007), 3.
8 Ibid., 1–2.
8 Ibid.
8 Ibid., 47–48.
10 Dan Stone, “100 Million Sharks Killed Every Year, Study Shows on Eve of International Conference on Shark Protection,” National Geographic, March 1, 2013, http://voices.nationalgeographic.com/2013/03/01/100-million-sharks-killed -every-year-study-shows-on-eve-of-international-conference-on-shark-protection/.
13 Katherine Nichols, “Sharks as ‘Aumakua,’” Honolulu Advertiser, January 14, 2001, https://www.moolelo.com/sharks.html.
15 Julia K. Baum, Ransom A. Myers, Daniel G. Kehler, Boris Worm, Shelton J. Harley, and Penny A. Doherty, “Collapse and Conservation of Shark Populations in the Northwest Atlantic,” Science 299, no. 5605 (January 17, 2003): 389–392, http://science.sciencemag.org/content/sci/299/5605/389.full.pdf.
18 Ashley Fetters, “The Evolution of Shark Week, Pop-Culture Leviathan,” Atlantic, August 13, 2012, https://www.theatlantic.com/entertainment/archive/2012/08/the -evolution-of-shark-week-pop-culture-leviathan/261063/.
32 Ernest Hemingway, The Old Man and the Sea (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1952), 37.
33 Carolyn B. Stegman, Women of Achievement in Maryland History (Forestville, MD: Anaconda, 2002), 230, quoted in “Eugenie Clark, Ph.D. (1922–2015)” Archives of Maryland, accessed December 15, 2017, http://msa.maryland.gov/megafile/msa /speccol/sc3500/sc3520/013500/013574/html/13574bio.html.
34 Paul Raffaele, “Forget Jaws, Now It’s . . . Brains!,” Smithsonian, June 2008, http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/forget-jaws-now-its-brains-48249580/.
39 Brian Clark Howard, “Through a Shark’s Eyes: See How They Glow in the Deep,” National Geographic, April 25, 2016, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/2016 /04/160425-biofluorescence-glowing-catsharks-shark-eye-camera/.
44 Christopher Crosby, “Can Social Media Give Sharks a Better Reputation?,” Smithsonian, March 8, 2017, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/innovation/can -social-media-give-sharks-better-reputation-180962411/.
45 Elisabeth von Thorn und Taxis, “Expedition Nantucket: Elisabeth TNT Joins Ocearch to Brave the Great Blue Sea in Hopes of Tagging a Great White Shark,” Vogue, December 2016, 172.
50 Calla Wahlquist, “Leopard Shark Makes World-First Switch from Sexual to Asexual Reproduction,” Guardian (London), January 17, 2017.
52 Eric Niler, “Sharks Navigate by Nose,” Seeker, January 6, 2016, https://www.seeker .com/sharks-navigate-by-nose-1770700197.html.
55 Jim Morrison, “How Speedo Created a Record-Breaking Swimsuit,” Scientific American, July 27, 2012, https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-speedo-created-swimsuit/.
60 Brian Handwerk, “Bull Shark Threat: They Swim Where We Swim,” National Geographic, July 19, 2005, http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005 /07/0719_050719_bullsharks.html.
63 Richard Black, “Sharks Navigate Using ‘Mental Maps,’” BBC, March 2, 2011, http://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-12612655.
65 Niler, “Sharks Navigate.”
66 Sylvia A. Earle, Twitter post, May 3, 2017, https://twitter.com/SylviaEarle /status/859858107362680838.
69 “Great White Mysteries: Shark Tagging with Ocearch,” CBS This Morning, January 9, 2012, http://www.tvguide.com/tvshows/cbs-this-morning/video/381939/great -white-mysteries-shark-tagging-with-ocearch-24674418/.
70–71 Greg Marshall, interview with author, March 24, 2011.
72 Phillip S. Lobel, “Diver Eco-Tourism and the Behavior of Reef Sharks and Rays—an Overview,” Proceedings of the American Academy of Underwater Sciences 27th Symposium, Dauphin Island, AL, AAUS 2008, accessed December 15, 2017, http://archive.rubicon-foundation.org/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/8012 /AAUS_2008_103-13.pdf?sequence=1.
72 Ibid.
73 Greg Skomal, “Seeing Deeper into the White Shark’s World,” YouTube video, 19:19, posted by TEDx Talks, December 2, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v =03Ex3obOI1Q.
75 Amy Bounds, “Longmont’s Skyline High Students Build Shark Measuring Device for Boulder Researcher,” Longmont (CO) News, October 6, 2016, http://www .dailycamera.com/longmont-news/ci_30442674/longmonts-skyline-high-students -build-shark-measuring-device.
75 “Staff Spotlight: Dr. Mikki McComb-Kobza,” Ocean First Institute, April 7, 2017, https://www.oceanfirstinstitute.org/blog/staff-spotlight-dr-mikki-mccomb-kobza/.
76 Delmarvanow staff, “Tagged off OC, Hell’s Bay, the Shark, Sets Travel Record,” USA Today, January 25, 2017, https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2017/01/25/tagged -off-oc-hells-bay-shark-sets-travel-record/97030672/.
79 “WHOI Engineers Amy Kukulya and Roger Stokey Discuss REMUS SharkCam,” Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Media Office, accessed November 28, 2017, https://www.whoi.edu/page.do?pid=136616&tid=3622&cid=198909.
80 Clarinda Higgins, former assistant curator of education at the Maritime Aquarium, Norwalk, CT, interview with author via Facebook messaging, June 13, 2017.
83 BEC crew,“Watch: Diver Coaxes Shark into a Tonic State, and It’s Beautiful,” Science Alert, February 11, 2015, http://www.sciencealert.com/watch-diver-coaxes -shark-into-a-tonic-state-and-it-s-beautiful.
88 Laura Gartry, “Ningaloo Whale Shark: ‘Big Boys Stumpy and Zorro Make WA [Western Australia] Feeding Trip for 22 Straight Years,” ABC, October 4, 2016, http://www.abc.net.au/news/2016-10-04/ningaloo-whale-sharks-stumpy-zorro-in -annual-wa-pilgrimage/7902376.
90 Michael Bear, “Issues and Challenges in Marine Science,” OceanSpaces (blog), August 23, 2016, http://oceanspaces.org/blog/issues-and-challenges-marine-citizen-science.
96 Oliver Milman and Karl Mathiesen, “Monster Shark Tournaments Face Growing Pressure to Reform,” Guardian (US ed.), July 19, 2016, https://www.theguardian .com/environment/2016/jul/19/atlantic-shark-hunting-tournaments-endangered -species.
96 Svati Kirsten Narula, “Letting Sharks Off the Hook,” Atlantic, July 26, 2013, https://www.theatlantic.com/national/archive/2013/07/letting-sharks-off-the -hook/278117/.
97 University of British Columbia, “Sharks Worth More in the Ocean Than on the Menu,” Science Daily, May 30, 2013, https://www.sciencedaily.com /releases/2013/05/130530192429.htm.
99 “Project Leader Alison Kock,” Save Our Seas, accessed June 11, 2017. http://saveourseas.com/project-leader/alison-kock/.
100 “Monwabisi Sikweyiya,” Vimeo, accessed December 15, 2017, https://vimeo .com/19214562.
100 Sara-Jayne King, “Shark Spotters SA: Keeping Beaches Safe,” LeadSA, January 11, 2017, http://leadsa.co.za/articles/238708/shark-spotters-sa-keeping-beaches-safe.
103 Michael Bear, “Are Sevengill Sharks Making a Comeback?” Marine Science Today, June 21, 2011, http://marinesciencetoday.com/2011/06/21/are-sevengill-sharks -making-a-comeback/#ixzz4kqZPRdug.
104 “Fieldscope: Sharks of California,” Ocean Sanctuaries Citizen Science Projects, accessed June 23, 2017, http://oceansanctuaries.org/wordpress/citizen-science-projects/fieldscope/.
105 Kate Horowitz, “A New Hammerhead Shark Species May Have Just Been Discovered,” Mental Floss, February 3, 2017, http://mentalfloss.com/article/91848 /new-hammerhead-shark-species-may-have-just-been-discovered.