Bibliography

Archival Sources

The following is a list of the archival sources used, separated by archive.

The British Library, London

The British Library holds an assortment of literature published by British computer companies, ranging from programming manuals to in-house magazines published for and by employees of each company.

  1. Ferranti Journal, 1954–1970.
  2. ICT Data Processing Journal, 1961–1967.
  3. ICT House Magazine, 1959–1964.
  4. ICL Computer International, 1968–1970.
  5. ICL News, 1970–1971.
  6. ICL Computer International, 1972.
  7. Office Magazine, 1954–1965.
  8. Office Methods and Machines, 1950–1967.
  9. Powers-Samas Magazine (also called The Powers Magazine, Powers-Samas Gazette), 1946–1958.
  10. Tabacus: The Magazine of the British Tabulating Company, 1957–1959.

London Metropolitan Archives

The London Metropolitan Archives hold the Lyons Teashops Newsletter, which contained information collected for and by employees.

  1. ACC/3527/290, Lyons Mail Newsletter.

The Modern Records Center, University of Warwick

The Modern Records Center holds a variety of trade union related records, including documents and publications from the Women’s Trade Union Congress.

  1. GB0152 MSS.192/CA, Clerical and Administrative Workers’ Union, 1940–1972, Association of Professional, Executive, Clerical and Computer Staff, 1972–1989.
  2. GB0152 MSS.292/4/12/pieces 1–17, Women Workers (Report of the Annual Conference of Representatives of Trade Unions Catering for Women Workers), 1953–1970.
  3. GB0152 MSS.292/4/14/1–8, TUC Non-Manual Workers Conference Reports, 1961, 1964–1966.
  4. GB0152 MSS.292/60.2/2a-2b, Organization of women, Publicity, 1936–1956.
  5. GB0152 MSS292/60.2/3, Organization of women, Publicity, 1958–1960.
  6. GB0152 MSS 292/60.21/1, The Industrial News for Women Newsletters.
  7. GB0152 MSS.292B/118/3, Wages, Equal Pay.
  8. GB0152 MSS.292B/119/1–6, Wages, Equal Pay, 1963–1970.
  9. GB0152 MSS.292B/128.7/1–2, Factory Acts, Working Hours of Women and Young People.
  10. GB0152 MSS.292B/128.9/1–3, Hours, Shift System.
  11. GB0152 MSS.292B/134/6, Women, Information conferences, 1962–1964.
  12. GB0152 MSS.292B/134/7, Women in industry, Industrial charter for women workers, 1962–1964.
  13. GB0152 MSS.292B/134/8, Women in industry, Industrial charter for women workers, 1968.
  14. GB0152 MSS.292B/134/1–10, Women in industry, International Labour Office, 1961–1970.
  15. GB0152 MSS.292B/135/1–3, Unemployment, 1960–1970.
  16. GB0152 MSS.292B/136/1–2, Full employment, 1961–1970.
  17. GB0152 MSS.292B/787.7/5, Central Office of Information, 1960–1970.
  18. GB0152 MSS.296/REG/280.12/A–G, Automation, 1955–1970.
  19. GB0152 MSS.296/REG/280.28, Productivity Agreements, 1969.
  20. GB0152 MSS.296/REG, Council of Civil Service Unions, 1918–1994.
  21. GB0152 MSS.415/CPSA Box 76, CSCA Circulars, 1961–1969.
  22. GB0152 MSS.415/CPSA Box 165, CSCA Annual Reports, 1955–1967.
  23. GB0152 MSS.292B/572.13/1, Science and Technology, Committee on Manpower Resources, 1966.
  24. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.143/4, “Work Study and Computers: 1970 ICL Seminar,” Feb. 1970.
  25. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.2/2, DSIR Correspondence with TUC, 1962–1965.
  26. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.811/1, Automation, Foundation of Automation and Employment Ltd., 1962–1970.
  27. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.811/3, National Electronic Council, 1967–1968.
  28. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.82/1–3, Automation, Trade Unions’ Attitude, 1961–1970.
  29. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.822, Automation and Women Workers TUC questionnaire and report, 1960–1962.
  30. GB0152 File MSS.292B/571.822/1, Automation, OECD European Conference, 1966.
  31. GB0152 MSS.292B/571.87/3, Industrial and Economic Research on Automation and European Productivity, Meeting in Rome, 1967.

The National Archives, London

The National Archives of the UK provided the lion’s share of material for this history, including internal government documents, records pertaining to ICL, and employment records. Individual files consulted at the National Archives are too numerous to list. The following is a list of the file series used, followed by a list of specific files referenced in the notes.

Series

  1. AB Series: Records of the United Kingdom Atomic Energy Authority and its predecessors.
  2. AIR Series: Records created or inherited by the Air Ministry, the Royal Air Force, and related bodies.
  3. AN Series: Records created or inherited by the British Transport Commission, the British Railways Board, and related bodies.
  4. BA Series: Records of the Civil Service Department.
  5. BT Series: Records of the Board of Trade and of successor and related bodies.
  6. CAB Series: Records of the Cabinet Office.
  7. CAOG Series: Records created or inherited by the Crown Agents for Overseas Governments and Administrations.
  8. CJ Series: Records created or inherited by the Northern Ireland Office.
  9. CSC Series: Records of the Civil Service Commission.
  10. CSPR Series: Records of the Civil Service Pay Research Unit.
  11. CW Series: Records of the Advisory, Conciliation, and Arbitration Service.
  12. DSIR Series: Records created or inherited by the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research and those of related bodies.
  13. ED Series: Records created or inherited by the Department of Education and Science and those of related bodies.
  14. FG Series: Records of the National Economic Development Council and National Economic Development Office.
  15. HN Series: Records of the Central Computer and Telecommunications Agency and predecessors.
  16. HO Series: Records created or inherited by the Home Office, Ministry of Home Security, and related bodies.
  17. HW Series: Records created and inherited by Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ).
  18. LAB Series: Records of departments responsible for labor and employment matters and related bodies.
  19. MH Series: Records created or inherited by the Ministry of Health and successors, local government boards, and related bodies.
  20. NSC Series: Records created and inherited by the National Savings Committee, the Post Office Savings Department, and the Department for National Savings.
  21. OS Series: Records of the Ordnance Survey of Great Britain.
  22. PREM Series: Records of the Prime Minister’s Office.
  23. PT Series: Records of the Public Trustee Office.
  24. RAIL Series: Records of the prenationalization railway companies, the prenationalization canal and related companies, the London Passenger Transport Board, and successors.
  25. STAT Series: Records of the Stationery Office.
  26. T Series: Records created and inherited by HM Treasury.

Selected Files

  1. AIR 77/384, Recruitment and Retention of Machine Operators.
  2. AN 171/398, Equal Pay, Equal Work: Shorthand Typists and Machine Operators.
  3. AN 171/398–399, Equal Pay, Equal Work: Shorthand Typists and Machine Operators.
  4. BA 22/319, Pay and Costing Implications of Machine Operator Grading, 1970.
  5. CAB 148/37, Cabinet Papers.
  6. CAB 163/230, Release of Information on Wartime Computers, 1970–1974.
  7. CAOG 16/213, Pay: Machine Operator Grades, 1957–1970.
  8. CJ 4/630, ICL Ltd., Castlereagh, Belfast.
  9. CSPR 5/52, University Computer Operators: Background Papers, 1980.
  10. CW 2/30–34, Employment Protection Act 1975: IBM UK Ltd. London and Greenock, 1975–1977.
  11. DSIR 23/23112, Aeronautical Research Council, Training and Careers for Computers.
  12. ED 212/216, Economic Development Committee for the Electronics Industry, Computer Sector Working Party, Manpower Sub-Committee, Discussion Papers on Education and Training; Final Report and Government Response, 1979–1980.
  13. FG 4/968, Select Committee, Computer Industry in the 1970s.
  14. HN 1/1, Effects on Staff of Technical Developments in Computing, 1979.
  15. HN 1/15, Arrangements for the Setting Up of the Central Computer Agency (CCA), 1972.
  16. HN 1/16, ADP Staffing Problems Other than Shift Working, 1956–1967.
  17. HN 1/22, Report on Development of Computers in Government: Forecast for Next Ten Years, 1969–1971.
  18. HN 1/25, Management Issues Arising from Introduction of Data Preparation Work, 1970–1979.
  19. HN 1/26, Procurement Policy, Use of British Computers, 1965–1972.
  20. HN 1/30, Exchange of Computer Staff Between the Civil Service and the Private Sector, 1968–1980.
  21. HN 1/38, Industrial Relations in the Civil Service: Government Computing, 1973–1979.
  22. HN 1/40, Purchase and Supply of ADP Equipment, 1964–1970.
  23. HN 1/60, Civil Service Department, Policy and Planning, Ministry of Technology, Use of Data Processing in Government.
  24. HN 1/62, Central Computing Agency, Papers of Origin.
  25. HN 1/67, Consultation with Civil Service Staff Association about Automated Data Processing (ADP), 1968–1971.
  26. HN 1/68, Consultation with Civil Service Staff Association about ADP, 1971–1972.
  27. HN 1/72, Interdepartmental Working Party on Computer Personnel: Implementation of recommendations, 1972–1973.
  28. HN 1/85, Wastage of Automated Data Processing (ADP) staff from Government computer installations, 1978–1983.
  29. HW 25/5, General Report on Tunny with Emphasis on Statistical Methods, 1945.
  30. LAB 112/95, Incomes Policy Attack on Inflation, Equal Pay.
  31. LAB 12/1471, Policy Considerations on Recruitment of Programmers and Computer Operators.
  32. LAB 12/1516, General Application of ADP, 1965–1968.
  33. LAB 12/1553, Shift Working of Computer Operators: Applications for Vacancies and Other Papers, 1966–1969.
  34. LAB 79/32, Womanpower Debate.
  35. LAB 8/1795, U.S. Department of Labor Women’s Bureau, Womanpower Committees During World War II, United States and British Experience.
  36. MH 108/564, Application of the Regulations, Interpretation of the terms Administrative, Professional, and Clerical, Subclerical Grades: Punch Card Operators, etc.
  37. NSC 22/68, Clerical Assistant Grade.
  38. OS 1/656, Duplicator Operators and Machine Operators (Clerical), 1943–1956.
  39. PREM 13/1967, Office of the Prime Minister.
  40. PREM 15/412, Government Machinery: Computers, 1970–1971.
  41. PT 1/102, Machines and Machine Operators including Mechanisation in P.T.O.
  42. RAIL 1172/2467, Rates of Pay‚ Machine Operators.
  43. STAT 14/2320, Accounts Division: Combined Tabulating Installation Staff Inspection Report, 1958–1959.
  44. STAT 14/2727, Progress Reports on CCB, 1961–1969.
  45. STAT 14/2765, Review of Machine Operator Grades, 1961–1970.
  46. STAT 14/2972, Central Computing Agency.
  47. STAT 14/3093, ADP installations in Government in 1965 and Staffing.
  48. STAT 14/3093, Treasury Investigations: Combined Tabulating Installation; Automatic Data Processing (ADP) Bureau Service, 1964–1967.
  49. STAT 14/3239, Strikes, Effects on HMSO and Emergency Arrangements to Alleviate Disruption, Computer Maintenance ICL/Asset Dispute.
  50. STAT 14/3303, Shift working of computer operators: Applications for vacancies and other papers, 1966–1969.
  51. STAT 14/3484, Central Computer Bureau Organization and Staffing.
  52. STAT 14/4457, Computer Systems-Liaison with CCB-Conversion to ICL 2900, 1976–1977.
  53. STAT 14/632, Machine Operating Class in Stationery Office, Establishment of Machine Operators.
  54. T 162/942, Establishment of Temporary Staff in Professional Scientific and Technical Classes.
  55. T 199/1090, Provision of Computer Facilities for Treasury, 1965–1968.
  56. T 215/1595, CSA: Typists and Machine Operators’ Survey, 1956–1958.
  57. T 216/710, Redundancy Owing to Computers, 1961–1962.
  58. T 222/1314, Interdepartmental Study Group on Application of Computer Techniques to Clerical Work, 1956–1957.
  59. T 222/1323, Demonstration of Electronic Computers to and Consultation with Civil Service National Whitley Council and Staff Associations about Introduction in Government Offices, 1959–1960.
  60. T 222/409, Committee on Industrial Productivity: Panel on Technology and Operational Research, 1948–1950.
  61. T 222/773, National Physical Laboratory.
  62. T 222/964, Possible Use of Computers for Electronic Payroll Work, 1954–1958.
  63. T 224/900, Economic Situation 1965: Deferment of expenditure on capital projects, application to computers.
  64. T 316/308, Investment Appraisal for Government Computer Projects, 1971–1974.
  65. T 325/161, History of the Computer Merger.

The National Archive for the History of Computing, University of Manchester

The UK National Archive for the history of computing contains reports, brochures, and ephemera from several major British computer companies.

  1. NAHC/FER, Box 1 of 6, Folder FER/A1, Press clippings.
  2. NAHC/FER, Box 3, Ferranti Computer Programming Documentation.
  3. NAHC/FER, Box 4, Reports.
  4. NAHC/FER, Box 5, Ferranti Documentation and Reports.
  5. NAHC/FER/81–5, Talks between Ferranti and Prof. Williams at Manchester University to Build a Computer to Be Installed There, 1948.
  6. NAHC/FER/C136, Research and Development.
  7. NAHC/FER/C15c, Ferranti Computer Programming Documentation.
  8. NAHC/FER/C18–C19, Ferranti Reports and Brochures.
  9. NAHC/FER/C20b, Ferranti Atlas Schematics.
  10. NAHC/FER/C2–C4, Technical Reports.
  11. NAHC/FER/C30, Box 6, History of the Ferranti Computer Department.
  12. NAHC/FER/C7–C13, Box 2, Technical Reports.
  13. NAHC/LEO/A1–A9, News Clippings, LEO Employee Recollections
  14. NAHC/LEO/D1–7, LEO Press Clippings.
  15. NAHC/ICT/C96, ICL Advertisements.
  16. NAHC/LEO/D7, Press Clippings.

The Vickers Archive, University of Cambridge

The Vickers Archive contains files on the Powers-Samas company, which was a subsidiary of the major British defense contractor Vickers Ltd.

  1. Files on Powers-Samas: Vickers 133, 651, 771, 906, 1461.

The Women’s Library, London

The Women’s Library, located at London Metropolitan University when this research was carried out (and now located at the London School of Economics), provided records of the equal pay campaign as well as records of women civil servants and women’s clerical unions.

  1. 331.420941, TOB Equal Pay Campaign Committee Film. To Be a Woman. Dir. Jill Craigie. National Union of Women Teachers, 1950.
  2. 6/CCS, Box 258, Council of Women Civil Servants.
  3. 6/EPC, Boxes 261, 262, Equal Pay Campaign and Evidence to the Equal Pay Commission.
  4. 6/JCS, Boxes 339–341, Folders A1–3, C1, C4, C5, and E9, Joint Committee on Women in the Civil Service, 1919–1954.
  5. 6/NCS, Boxes 279–282, NAWCS general reports for the years 1933–1958, NAWCS pamphlets, misc.
  6. 6/NCS/E2/1–3, National Association of Women Civil Servants.
  7. 6/WES/2, items 1–32, Records of the Women’s Engineering Society. Booklets, 1945, 1958–1980.
  8. 6/WES/3/1/4, Records of the Women’s Engineering Society. General, 1947–1964.
  9. 6/WES/311/4, UN Reports on Women’s Equality.
  10. 8/NLS/4, Baroness Beatrice Nancy Seear, b. August 7, 1913. Interview by Betty Scharf, February 1991.
  11. 8/NLS/4, Enid Hutchison, b. July 15, 1909. Interview by Betty Scharf, February 1991.
  12. GB 0106 7/DME, Papers of Dorothy Elizabeth Evans.

Interviews

These include interviews conducted by the author as well as interviews conducted by other historians.

  1. Lorna Cockayne, interview conducted by British Computer Society. “Lorna Cockayne: Enigma,” date unknown. Accessed July 20, 2016. http://www.bcs.org/upload/mp3/lorna-cockayne-enigma.mp3.
  2. Rozanne Colchester, interview conducted by Robert McCrum. “Women Spies in the Second World War,” The Guardian, November 6, 2010. Accessed June 9, 2016. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/nov/07/women-spies-second-world-war.
  3. Mary Coombs, interview conducted by Thomas Lean. British Library “Voices of Science” Oral History Collection, 2010. Accessed June 9, 2016. http://sounds.bl.uk/Oral-history/Science/021M-C1379X0016XX-0001V0.
  4. Cathy Gillespie and Ann Sayce (former computer operators), transcript of oral interview conducted by author. British Library, January 5, 2006.
  5. Cathy Gillespie (former computer operator), email interview conducted by author. January 8–9, 2006, July 7, 2006.
  6. Colin Hobson (former computer operator), email interview conducted by author. December 18–21, 2005.
  7. Eleanor Ireland, interview conducted by Janet Abbate for the IEEE History Center, April 23, 2001 (the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2001). http://ethw.org/Oral-History:Eleanor_Ireland.
  8. Peter Stern (former programmer trainee), transcript of interview conducted by author. British Library, August 15, 2005.

Censuses, Selected Government Reports, and Parliamentary Debates

  1. Beveridge, William. Social Insurance and Allied Services. London: HMSO, 1942. Cmd. 6404.
  2. Biddle, Eric H. Manpower, a Summary of the British Experience. Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1942.
  3. Castle, Barbara. In Place of Strife: A Policy for Industrial Relations. London: HMSO, 1969. Cmnd. 3888.
  4. Central Office of Information for Department of Employment. Jobs for Young Girls. 1969. 49 sec. National Archives (UK), Public Information Films 1964–1979. Accessed May 27, 2016. http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/films/1964to1979/filmpage_jobs.htm.
  5. Central Statistical Office. Statistical Digest of the War. London: HMSO, 1951.
  6. Chapman, R. A. Teaching Public Administration. London: Joint University Council for Social and Public Administration, Hamilton House, 1973.
  7. Civil Service National Whitley Council Committee. Marriage Bar in the Civil Service. London: HMSO, 1946. Cmnd. 6886.
  8. Council for Scientific Policy, and the University Grants Committee. Report of a Joint Working Group on Computers for Research. London: HMSO, 1966. Cmnd. 2883.
  9. Cowie, J., J. W. Hermann, and P. D. Maycock, “The British Computer Scene, Part I: The Government Impact on the Computer Scene.” London: Office of Naval Research, 1967.
  10. Cowie, J., J. W. Hermann, and P. D. Maycock, “The British Computer Scene, Part II: The British Computer Industry.” London: Office of Naval Research, 1967.
  11. Department of Scientific and Industrial Research, Great Britain. Problems of Progress in Industry. London: HMSO, 1957–1964.
  12. Directorate-General for Employment Commission of the European Communities, Industrial Relations and Social Affairs. Office Automation and Social Change in Europe. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.
  13. Electronic Computers SWP. Manpower Sub-Committee, Final Report: Follow Up of Recommendations. London: HMSO, 1981.
  14. Electronic Computers SWP. Manpower Sub-Committee, More Information: Economic Development Committee for the Electronics Industry, Computer Sector Working Party, Manpower Sub-Committee. Discussion papers on education and training; final report and government response. 1979–1980. London: HMSO, 1980.
  15. Electronic Computers SWP. Manpower Sub-Committee, Second Interim Report. London: HMSO, 1979.
  16. Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Great Britain. Estimates for Civil Service for the Year Ending 31st March, 1947, Annual Report, 1945–46. London: HMSO, 1945.
  17. Financial Secretary to the Treasury, Great Britain. Estimates for Civil Service for the Year Ending 31st March, 1948, Annual Report, 1946–47. London: HMSO, 1946.
  18. Fulton Committee. The Civil Service Vol. 1. Report of the Committee 1966–1968. London: HMSO, 1968. Cmnd. 3638.
  19. Hartmann, Heidi I., Robert E. Kraut, and Louise A. Tilly, eds. Computer Chips and Paper Clips: Technology and Women’s Employment. Vol. 1. Washington, DC: National Academy Press, 1986.
  20. House of Commons. Equal Pay Act 1954. Edited by Douglas Houghton, Alice Bacon, Wedgwood Benn, Barbara Castle, and Charles Pannell. London: HMSO, 1954.
  21. House of Commons, Secretary of State for the Home Department. Equality for Women. London: HMSO, 1974. Cmd. 5724.
  22. House of Commons, Secretary of State for Education and Science. Attainments of the School Leaver: Government Observations on the Tenth Report of the Expenditure Committee. London: HMSO, 1978. Cmd. 7124.
  23. Hunt, Audrey. Management Attitudes and Practices Towards Women at Work. Edited by Social Survey Division Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. London: HMSO, 1975.
  24. Hunt, Audrey. A Survey of Women’s Employment: A 1965 Government Social Survey. Edited by Ministry of Labour Government Social Survey. London: HMSO, 1968.
  25. Hunt, Audrey, Judith Fox, and Michael Bradley. Post-Training Careers of Government Training Center Trainees. Edited by Social Survey Division Office of Population Censuses and Surveys. London: HMSO, 1972.
  26. Hunt, Audrey, and Irene Rauta. Fifth Form Girls: Their Hopes for the Future. Edited by Social Survey Division of the Office of Population Censuses and Surveys on behalf of the Department of Education and Science. London: HMSO, 1975.
  27. Institute of Manpower Studies. Computer Manpower in the 80s: The Supply and Demand for Computer-Related Manpower to 1985. London: National Economic Development Office, 1980.
  28. Labour Party. Labour’s Programme for Britain. London: The Labour Party, 1976.
  29. Martin, Jean, and Ceridwen Roberts. Women and Employment: A Lifetime Perspective. London: Office of Population Censuses and Surveys, 1984.
  30. Minister of Food. Report on a Plan for the Mechanized Production of Groundnuts in East and Central Africa (Groundnuts Scheme). London: HMSO, 1946–1947. Cmd. 7030.
  31. Minister of Food and Secretary of State for the Colonies. The Future of the Overseas Food Corporation. London: HMSO, 1951. Cmnd. 8125.
  32. Ministry of Labour. Statistics on Incomes, Prices, Employment, and Production, no. 19. London: HMSO, December 1966.
  33. Ministry of Labour. Statistics on Incomes, Prices, Employment, and Production, no. 23. London: HMSO, December 1967.
  34. National Economic Development Council. NEDC Industrial Strategy: Electronic Computers. London: HMSO, 1976.
  35. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1951, England and Wales, General Report. London: HMSO, 1958.
  36. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1951, England and Wales, Industry Tables. London: HMSO, 1957.
  37. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1961, Great Britain, Summary Tables. London: HMSO, 1966.
  38. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1971, Great Britain, Age Marital Condition and General Tables. London: HMSO, 1974.
  39. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1971, Great Britain, Part II, 10% Sample. London: HMSO, 1974.
  40. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1971, Great Britain, Economic Activity: Part I. London: HMSO, 1973.
  41. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1971, Great Britain, Economic Activity, Part IV, 10% Sample. London: HMSO, 1974.
  42. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1971, National Report Great Britain, Part 1. London: HMSO, 1974.
  43. Office of Population Censuses and Survey. Census 1981, National Report Great Britain, Part 1. London: HMSO, 1983.
  44. Rees, Teresa. Skill Shortages, Women and the New Information Technologies. Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities, 1992.
  45. Royal Commission on the Civil Service. Report of the Royal Commission on the Civil Service, 1953–55. London: HMSO, 1955. Cmd. 9613.
  46. Royal Commission on Equal Pay. Report of the Royal Commission on Equal Pay, 1944–46. London: HMSO, 1946. Cmd. 6937.
  47. Select Committee on Science and Technology. Report on Session 1969–1970, Vol. 1. London: HMSO, 1971.
  48. Select Committee on Science and Technology, Session 1969–1970. UK Computer Industry, Vol. 1, Minutes of Evidence. London: HMSO, 1970.
  49. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A), Session 1970–1971. Prospects for the United Kingdom Computer Industry in the 1970s. Vol. I, Report. London: HMSO, 1971. (HC621-I.)
  50. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A), Session 1970–1971. Prospects for the United Kingdom Computer Industry in the 1970s. Vol. II, Minutes of Evidence. London: HMSO, 1971. (HC621-II.)
  51. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A), Session 1970–1971. Prospects for the United Kingdom Computer Industry in the 1970s. Vol. III, Appendices. London: HMSO, 1971. (HC621-III.)
  52. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A), Session 1970–1971. Prospects for the United Kingdom Computer Industry in the 1970s, Reply by the Department of Trade and Industry, with Evidence Taken Before Subcommittee D, 3 August 1972. London: HMSO, 1972. (HC473.)
  53. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A), Session 1972–1973. Second Report on the UK Computer Industry (First Part). London: HMSO, 1973. (HC309.)
  54. Select Committee on Science and Technology (Sub-Committee A). Second Report on the UK Computer Industry (First Part), Minutes of Evidence. London: HMSO, 1973. (HC97-1.)
  55. Select Committee on Science and Technology (U.K. Computer Industry Sub-Committee), Session 1974. Minutes of Evidence. London: HMSO, 1974. (HC199.)
  56. Turing, Alan. A. M. Turing’s Original Proposal for the Development of an Electronic Computer, Reprinted with a Foreword by D.W. Davies, Superintendent of the Computer Science Division. London: National Physical Laboratory, Division of Computer Science, 1972.
  57. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., vol. 721. 1965.
  58. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., vol. 724. 1966.
  59. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., vol. 787. 1969.
  60. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., vol. 793. 1969.
  61. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, 5th ser., vol. 833. 1972.
  62. United Kingdom. Hansard Parliamentary Debates, Lords, 5th ser., vol. 152. 1972.
  63. United Kingdom. Parliamentary Debates, Commons, 5th ser., vol. 438 (1947), cols. 1069–1075.

Industry Reports, Management Literature, and Computing Manuals

  1. Banking, Insurance, and the Finance Union (BIFU). Jobs for the Girls? The Impact of Automation on Women’s Jobs in the Finance Industry. London: BIFU, 1988.
  2. British Conference on Automation and Computation. “Discussion Meetings on the Reliability and Maintenance of Digital Computer Systems. Managerial and Engineering Aspects. January 20th and 21st 1960.” London: The Institution of Electrical Engineers and the British Computer Society Ltd., 1960.
  3. Cochrane, Louise. Anne in Electronics. London: Chatto & Windus, 1960.
  4. Comrie, L. J. The Hollerith and Powers Tabulating Machines: Based on a Lecture Delivered under the Auspices of the Office Machinery Users’ Association of LSE on 20 November 1929 and Two of the Newmach Lectures delivered at UCL March 2 and 9, 1933. Edinburgh: Neill and Company, 1933. Printed for private circulation. British Library.
  5. Ferranti Ltd. “A Program for Power System Load Studies (CS252).” January 1960.
  6. Ferranti Ltd. “Classified Index of Computer Literature (CS268).” June 1960.
  7. Ferranti Ltd. “Classified Index of Computer Literature, Library Services, and Films (CS382).” June 1963.
  8. Ferranti Ltd. “Data Preparation and Operating Instructions for the Solutions of Simultaneous Linear Equations (CS306).” August 1961.
  9. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Data Links (CS310).” October 1961.
  10. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Mercury Computer Programming Manual, Issue 1 (CS158).” July 1957.
  11. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Mercury Computer: Multiple Input/Output Facilities (CS246).” September 1959.
  12. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Mercury Computer: Programs Available in the Interchange Scheme (CS281 A).” March 1960.
  13. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Orion: 2 Sample Complete Programs (CS296).” May 1951.
  14. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Orion: Sorting Time Graphs (CS297).” June 1961.
  15. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Pegasus Computer: Programs Available in the Interchange Scheme (CS206 A).” August 1959.
  16. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Pegasus Computer: Tape Code Conversion (CS267).” June 1960.
  17. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Pegasus, Perseus and Mercury Computers: Interchangeability and Compatibility of Magnetic Tapes (CS234).” July 1959.
  18. Ferranti Ltd. “Ferranti Punched Tape Data Links (CS343).” September 1962.
  19. Ferranti Ltd. “Introduction to NEBULA (the Natural Electronic Business Language) (CS275).” October 1960.
  20. Ferranti Ltd. “Mercury: Punched Card Input/Output and Line Printer (CS251).” January 1960.
  21. Ferranti Ltd. “Operating Instructions for Using Electrodata Magnetic Tape Mechanisms (CS233).” May 1959.
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