References are to Pages
ABORTION LAWS
Constitutional issues, 63
Embryonic research, 349
ACCESS
Privacy, access to others relationship, 18
Limited access privacy theory, 18, 24
Principle. See US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
State laws data access restrictions, 197
ACCOUNTABILITY
Implementing accountability, OECD guidelines, 50
Principle. See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
AIRLINE PASSENGER DATA
Generally, 320
Department of Homeland Security regulation, 319
Travel information transfers, 317
US/EU Safe Harbor, 319
ALWAYS ON GPS
Generally, 380
ANTI-REDUCTIONISM
Defining privacy, 17
APPROPRIATION TORTS
Elements, 32
False light torts compared, 36
ATTORNEY-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
See Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
AUDIT STRATEGY
Business practices involving trans-border data flows, 326
AUTONOMY
Privacy and, 60
AVIATION AND TRANSPORTATION SECURITY ACT (ATSA)
Generally, 319
BANK SECRECY ACT (BSA)
Generally, 78
BANKING PRACTICES
See also Financial Privacy, this index
Constitutional protections, 73
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this index
Know Your Customer, proposed regulations Generally, 92
PATRIOT Act, 104
BIG DATA PHENOMENON
Commercial practices, 363
Government practices, 366
BIOTECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
Generally, 346 et seq.
Egg cells use, 351
Embryonic research, 349
Gamete collection and screening, 352
Government surveillance and reporting, 354
Human Tissue and Cell Use, this index
Personalized medicine activities, 352
Reproductive tissues use, 351
Sperm cells use, 351
BROBECK CLOSED ARCHIVE
Professional privacy ethics, 221
CALIFORNIA ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT
Generally, 362
CANADA PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 240 et seq.
Constitutional protection, 240
Patriot Act interaction, 249
Personal Information Protection and Electronic Documents Act, 244
Privacy Commissioner, 242
Private sector personal privacy, 243
Public sector personal privacy, 240
Statutory protections, 243
Transborder data laws, 248
Updating privacy legislation, 252
CHARITIES SCHEMES
Phishing, 340
CHIEF PRIVACY OFFICERS (CPO)
Department of Homeland Security, 182
Privacy policies, implementation responsibilities, 210
CHILDREN’S ONLINE PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT (COPPA)
Generally, 139
Federal Trade Commission enforcement, 168
CHINA
See People’s Republic of China Privacy Law, this index
CHOICE PRINCIPLE
See US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
CLICK-WRAP AGREEMENTS
Privacy rights compromises, 207
COGNITIVE ENGINE
Generally, 381
COLLECTION LIMITATION PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
COMMERCE DEPARTMENT
Federal Trade Commission, this index
US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES
Government privacy intrusions compared, 47
COMMUNICATIONS LAW
Privacy law relationships, 3
COMPUTERS
See Internet Activities, this index
CONFIDENTIAL SETTLEMENT AGREEMENTS
Consumer protection tensions, 208
CONSTITUTIONAL PROTECTIONS
Abortion practices, 63
Banking records, 73
Business and personal records distinguished, 89
Canada, 240
China, 289
Contraceptives, 61
Criminal law, 3
Electronic eavesdropping, 68
Fifth Amendment as source of privacy right, 13
Financial privacy protections, 87
Historical background, 61
Homosexual practices, 64
House as castle, 60
India, 293
Information control, 66
Informational privacy, 68
Japan, 282
Mexico, 276
Pen registers
Federal law, 74
State law, 192
Personal and business records distinguished, 89
Penumbral rights of privacy, 62
Police powers, privacy interests tensions, 67
Privacy protections, 59 et seq.
Reasonable expectation of privacy, 71
South Korea, 286
State constitutions, 184 et seq.
Tort liability for violations, 334
Zone of privacy, 88
CONSUMER PROTECTION
Confidential settlements, consumer protection tensions, 208
Credit reports, Fair Credit Reporting Act regulation, 79
European Union privacy law, 46
Identity Theft Torts, this index
CONTRACEPTIVES
Constitutional protections, 61
CONTRACTUAL PROTECTIONS
Generally, 202 et seq.
See also Privacy Policies, this index
Breach causing injury, 332
Historical background, 31
Implied contracts to respect privacy, 332
CRIMINAL LAW
Constitutional protections, 3
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act criminal penalties, 95
HIPAA criminal penalties, 121, 123
Pretexting, 338
USA PATRIOT Act, electronic crimes provisions, 147
CRYPTOGRAPHY POLICY
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development guidelines, 239
DAMAGES
Tort remedies, 335
DATA BROKERS
Generally, 369
DATA PRIVACY
Individual privacy distinguished, 59
DATA PROTECTION DIRECTIVE
See European Union, this index
DATA QUALITY PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
DATA RETENTION DIRECTIVE
See European Union, this index
DATABASES
See Internet Activities, this index
DEFINING PRIVACY
Generally, 16 et seq.
Accessibility to others, 18
Anti-reductionism, 17
Broad and narrow definitions, 15
Cluster of rights approach, 21
Conceptual vs interpretive analyses, 16
Control vs condition definitions, 21
Cultural distinctions, 5
Data privacy, 59
Economic perspective, 27, 55
Essence of concept, 7
False light, 35
Feminist critique, 28
Godkin’s definition, 18
Individual privacy, 59
Informational privacy, 22
Interpretive vs conceptual analyses, 16
Intimacy, privacy as, 25
Limited access privacy theory, 18, 24
Limited access to self, 17
Malleable nature of concept, 7
Narrow and broad definitions, 15
Others, accessibility to, 18
Philosophical definitions, 7
Problems with philosophical definitions, 29
Scope of concept, 7
Self, limited access to, 17
Sociological perspective, 25
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
Federal Trade Commission, this index
US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (DHS)
Generally, 149
Airline passenger data regulation, 319
Chief privacy officer, 182
Incidental privacy impacts, 181
DIGITAL FINGERPRINTS
Internet online tracking, 356
DISCLOSURE TORTS
Defining privacy, 38
Elements, 38
Free speech rights conflicts, 39
Intrusion torts distinguished, 42
Public disclosure of private facts, 331
DISCLOSURE, VOLUNTARY
Expectation of privacy, disclosures eliminating, 73
DISCOVERY PRACTICE
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act applicability, 101
DISPOSAL OF PRIVATE INFORMATION
State laws, 195
DISPUTE RESOLUTION
US/EU Safe Harbor, enforcement principle, 314
DOCTOR-PATIENT PRIVILEGE
See Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
DRIVERS PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT OF 1994 (DPPA)
Generally, 134
DRONES USE
State law protections, 200
E-GOVERNMENT ACT
Generally, 143
ECONOMIC ESPIONAGE ACT (EEA)
Incidental privacy impacts, 145
ECONOMIC THEORY
Privacy, economic perspective, 27, 55
EDUCATIONAL RECORDS
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, 141
ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS PRIVACY ACT (ECPA)
Generally, 136
ELECTRONIC DATA
See Internet Activities, this index
ELECTRONIC EAVESDROPPING
Constitutional protections, 68
EMBRYONIC RESEARCH
Generally, 349
EMOTIONAL DISTRESS INFLICTION
Tort law liability, 334
EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES
Expectations of privacy in the workplace, 139
Outsourcing, trans-border data flows, 322
US/EU Safe Harbor on human resources information, 312
ENFORCEMENT PRINCIPLE
See US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
EUROPEAN UNION
Generally, 254
Consumer protection, 46
Data Protection Directive
Generally, 255 et seq.
Enforcement mechanisms, 262
Extraterritorial application, 264
Implementation problems, 266
OECD guidelines adoptions, 297
Reform proposals, 47
Scope of protection, 256
Updates, 268
Data Retention Directive
Generally, 272
Purposes, 271
Safe harbor, 275
Transborder data protection, 275
Department of Commerce negotiations, trans-border data flows, 298
Electronic Communications Directive, 268
Gambit strategy approach, business practices involving trans-border data flows, 325
Member state laws, 260
OECD guidelines adoptions, 297
Radio frequency information device regulation, 345
Terrorism influences, 272
Trans-border data flows
Data Retention Directive, 275
Department of Commerce negotiations, 298
US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
EXECUTIVE ORDER 12333
National security, 366
EXPECTATIONS OF PRIVACY
E-mail, 361
Invasion of privacy torts, 330
Reasonable expectations, USSC standard, 71
Technology influences on modern expectations, 30, 44, 53
Voluntary disclosures contradicting, 73
Workplace, 139
FACIAL RECOGNITION SOFTWARE
Generally, 380
FAIR CREDIT REPORTING ACT (FCRA)
Generally, 79
Experience and non-experience information distinguished, 98
Preemption of state laws, 99
FAIR INFORMATION PRACTICE PRINCIPLES
Federal Trade Commission, 161, 164
FALSE LIGHT TORTS
Appropriation torts compared, 36
Defenses, 38
Elements, 35
FAMILY EDUCATION RIGHTS AND PRIVACY ACT (FERPA)
Generally, 141
FEDERAL AGENCY REGULATIONS
Incidental privacy impacts, 149 et seq.
FEDERAL INFORMATION SECURITY MANAGEMENT ACT (FISMA)
Incidental privacy impacts, 148
FEDERAL STATUTES
Generally, 76 et seq.
FEDERAL TRADE COMMISSION (FTC)
Generally, 150 et seq.
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act enforcement, 168
Deception Policy Statement, 158
Disposal Rule, 179
Enforcement powers, 163
Fair Information Practice Principles, 161, 164
Identity theft complaints, 328
Jurisdiction of FTC, 156
Malware enforcement, 171
Privacy policies, noncompliance enforcement actions, 173, 377
Spyware regulation, 169
Trans-border data flows, EU negotiations, 298
Unfair competition in the internet age, 158
Unfairness Doctrine, 153
Unfairness Policy Statement, 157
US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
FEMINISM
Privacy, feminist critique, 28
FIDUCIARY DUTIES
See also Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
Tort liability for breach, 333
FINANCIAL PRIVACY
See also Banking Practices, this index
Bank Secrecy Act, 78
Constitutional law protections, 87
Federal statutes, 77
Four privacy principles, 90
FTC Disposal Rule, 179
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, this index
Identity Theft Torts, this index
Right to Financial Privacy Act, 91
FISA AMENDMENTS ACT OF 2008 (FAA)
National security, 366
FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION (FDA)
Genetic testing regulation, 354
Human tissue and cell use, regulation proposals, 352
FOREIGN INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT (FISA)
National security, 366
FREE SPEECH RIGHTS
Disclosure tort conflicts, 39
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 306
FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT (FOIA)
Incidental privacy impacts, 144
FINCEN
PATRIOT Act, law enforcement agency information sharing, 105
GENETIC INFORMATION NONDISCRIMINATION ACT (GINA)
Generally, 132
HIPAA genetic privacy protections, 127
GENETIC TESTING
FDA regulation, 354
Future trends, 381
Personalized medicine activities, 352
GEO TRACKING
Generally, 372
Always on GPS, 380
Mobile phones, 376
Privacy implications in the courtroom, 374
GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
Generally, 372
GLOBALIZATION OF PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 44 et seq.
See also International Privacy, this index
GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES
See also National Security, this index
Commercial privacy intrusions compared, 47
Constitutional protection, tort liability for violations, 334
GRAMM-LEACH-BLILEY ACT (GLB)
Generally, 77, 93 et seq.
Criminal penalties, 95
Discovery practice applications, 101
Preemption of state laws, 96
Pretexting, 338
Privacy policies requirements, 94
Scope of GLB regulation, 95
HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR ECONOMIC AND CLINICAL HEALTH ACT (HITECH ACT)
Generally, 128
HEALTH INSURANCE PORTABILITY AND ACCOUNTABILITY ACT (HIPAA)
Generally, 113 et seq.
Accounting rights of health plan participants, 126
Civil penalties, 123, 130
Criminal penalties, 121, 123
Emergency exceptions to rules, 124
Employer access to employee records, 125
Enforcement mechanisms, 120
Enforcement Rule, 121
Gamete collection and screening, 352
Genetic information protections, 127
Individual rights protected, 118
Preemption of state laws, 126
Scope of health information protected, 114
State laws granting greater protections, 198
HIPPOCRATIC OATH
Professional privacy ethics, 224
HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
Generally, 7 et seq.
Appropriation torts, 32
Bentham on privacy, 2
Brandeis and Warren, 11
Code of Hammurabi, 8
Constitutional law, 61
Contract law protections, 31
Disclosure, 38
Epictetus, 9
Greece, 8
Identity theft, 327
Intrusion, 41
John Locke, 10
Modern era, 11
Modern privacy law, 44
Old Testament, 8
Pretexting, 337
Privacy policies, 3
Rome, 8
Socrates, 9
T.M. Cooley, 11
Thomas More, 9
Tort law protections, 13, 31 et seq.
Warren and Brandeis, 11
HOME AS CASTLE
Constitutional principle, 60
HOMELAND SECURITY
See Department of Homeland Security, this index
HOMOSEXUAL PRACTICES
Constitutional protection, 64
HUMAN TISSUE AND CELL USE
Generally, 347 et seq.
Egg cells use, 351
Embryonic research, 349
Food and Drug Administration, regulation proposals, 352
Gamete collection and screening, 352
Reproductive tissues, 351
Rights of tissue donors, 347
Sperm cells use, 351
IDENTITY THEFT TORTS
Generally, 327 et seq.
Constitutional rights violations, 334
Contract breach liability, 332
Cross-border activities, 328
Damages remedies, 335
Deep pocket parties defendant, 328
Emotional distress infliction, 334
Fiduciary duty breach liability, 333
Foreseeability of injury, 330
Forgery, 327
FTC oversight of complaints, 328
Historical background, 327
Infliction of emotional distress, 334
Invasion of privacy torts, 330
Jurisdictional issues, 328
Negligence, 329
Parties defendant, 328
Proximate cause of injury, 330
Public disclosure of private facts, 331
Remedies, 335
Restitution remedy, 336
Risk of identity theft, claims based on, 336
Social Security numbers, protectable privacy interests, 330
Specific damages, 335
IMPLEMENTING ACCOUNTABILITY
OECD guidelines, 50
INDIA PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 293
Constitutional protection, 293
Damages for privacy invasions, 293
Information Technology Act, 294
Regulatory agencies, 296
Statutory protection, 293
INDIVIDUAL PARTICIPATION PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
INDIVIDUAL PRIVACY
Data privacy distinguished, 59
INFLICTION OF EMOTIONAL DISTRESS
Tort liability claims, 334
INFORMATION CONTROL
Constitutional law, 66
INFORMATIONAL PRIVACY
Generally, 22
Constitutional law, 68
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LAW
Privacy law relationships, 3
INTELLIGENCE SURVEILLANCE ACT (FISA)
Incidental privacy impacts, 147
INTERNATIONAL PRIVACY
Generally, 229 et seq.
Defining privacy across cultures, 5
Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
Trans-Border Data Flows, this index
US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
INTERNET ACTIVITIES
See also Trans-Border Data Flows, this index
Big data phenomenon
Commercial use, 363
Government use, 366
California Online Privacy Protection Act, 362
Charities schemes, 340
Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act, 139
China, 292
Data brokers, 369
Digital fingerprints, 356
E-Government Act, 143
Expectations of privacy, 361
Phishing, 339
Electronic Communications Directive, 268
Electronic Communications Privacy Act, 136
Expectations of privacy in e-mail, 361
False escrow sites, 340
False website schemes, 341
Future trends, 379
Identity Theft Torts, this index
ISPs
Online tracking, 357
Phishing controls, 340
US/EU Safe Harbor program applicability, 306
Malware, FTC enforcement, 171
Mexico privacy laws, 280
Network Advertising Initiative, 359
OECD guidelines, 237
Online Tracking, this index
People’s Republic of China law, 290
Phishing, this index
Pretexting, this index
Privacy impacts, 1, 56
Privacy policies on the internet, 361
Radio Frequency Information Devices, this index
Seoul Declaration, 235
Social media privacy, state law protections, 199
Spyware, FTC regulation, 169
Unfair competition in the internet age, FTC regulation, 158
US/EU Safe Harbor, ISP activities applicability, 306
USA PATRIOT Act, electronic crimes provisions, 147
INTIMACY
Privacy as, 25
INTRUSION TORTS
Disclosure torts distinguished, 42
Elements, 41
INVASION OF PRIVACY
Information Age concerns, 3
Tort liability, 13, 330
JAPAN PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 282
Constitutional protection, 282
Enforcement mechanisms, 285
Regulatory agencies, 284, 285
Statutory protection, 283
JOURNALISTIC ACTIVITIES
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 305
JUST-IN-TIME STRATEGY APPROACH
Business practices involving trans-border data flows, 325
KNOW YOUR CUSTOMER
Proposed banking regulations
Generally, 92
PATRIOT Act, 104
KOREA
See Republic of Korea Privacy Law, this index
LAWYER-CLIENT PRIVILEGE
See Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
LIBEL LAW
Privacy law tensions, 14
LIMITED ACCESS THEORY
Generally, 18, 24
MEDICAL PRIVACY
Generally, 113 et seq.
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, this index
Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 317
MEXICO PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 276
Constitutional protection, 276
Internet activities, 280
Regulatory agencies, 280
SonTusDatos NGO, 281
Statutory protection, 277
MOBILE PHONES
Geo tracking, 376
Privacy policies, 378
NATIONAL IMPLEMENTATION
OECD guidelines, 50
NATIONAL SECURITY
Aviation and Transportation Security Act, 319
Department of Homeland Security, this index
European Union privacy laws, terrorism influences, 272
Executive Order 12333, 366
Federal Information Security Management Act, incidental privacy impacts, 148
FISA Amendments Act of 2008 (FAA), 366
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 366
USA PATRIOT Act, this index
NEGLIGENCE
Identity theft torts, 329
NETWORK ADVERTISING INITIATIVE (NAI)
Online tracking, 359
NOTICE PRINCIPLE
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 301
ONLINE TRACKING
Generally, 356
Big data phenomenon
Commercial use, 363
Government use, 366
Digital fingerprints, 356
Network Advertising Initiative, 359
Privacy implications, 358
Privacy policies on the internet, 361
Self-regulatory efforts, 359
Technological overview, 357
ONWARD TRANSFER PRINCIPLE
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 303
OPENNESS PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
ORGANIZATION FOR ECONOMIC COOPERATION AND DEVELOPMENT (OECD)
Accountability principle
Generally, 233
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Additional guidelines, 237
Basic Principles of International Application, 233
Collection limitation principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Cryptography Policy, 239
Data quality principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
European Union adoption of guidelines, 297
Individual participation principle
Generally, 233
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
International harmonization on privacy, 49
Internet activities guidelines, 237
Openness principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Organization, 230
Principles
Generally, 50
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Purpose specification principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Purposes, 230
Revisions of the guidelines, 235
Security safeguards principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
Soft law nature of guidelines, 231
Trans-border data flows, guidelines applicability, 231
Transborder data flows, 49
US/EU Safe Harbor
Harmonization, 52, 234
OECD guidelines incorporation, 301
Use limitation principle
Generally, 232
US/EU Safe Harbor adoption, 301
OSTRICH STRATEGY
Business practices involving trans-border data flows, 324
PASSENGER NAME RECORDS AGREEMENT (PNRA)
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 322
PATRIOT ACT
See USA PATRIOT Act, this index
PEN REGISTERS
Federal law, 74
State law, 192
PENUMBRAL RIGHTS OF PRIVACY
Constitutional law, 62
PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 289 et seq.
Constitutional protection, 289
Internet activities, 290, 292
Regulatory agencies, 290, 292
Statutory protection, 289
PERSONAL INFORMATION PROTECTION AND ELECTRONIC DOCUMENTS ACT
Canada, 244
PERSONALIZED MEDICINE (PM) ACTIVITIES
Generally, 352
PHISHING
Charities schemes, 340
False escrow sites, 340
False website schemes, 341
Social Security numbers, 339
PHYSICIAN-PATIENT PRIVILEGE
See Professional Privacy Ethics, this index
POLICE POWERS
Privacy interests tensions, 67
PRETEXTING
Generally, 337
Criminal penalties, 338
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, 338
Telephone Records and Privacy Protection Act, 338
PRIVACY ACT OF 1974
Generally, 133
PRIVACY IMPACT ASSESSMENTS (PIA)
E-Government Act, 143
PRIVACY POLICIES
Generally, 202
Chief privacy officer responsibilities, 210
FTC compliance enforcements, 173, 377
Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requirements, 94
Historical background, 3
Internet websites, 361
Mobile phone companies, 378
PRIVILEGED COMMUNICATIONS
Tort law, 14
PROFESSIONAL PRIVACY ETHICS
AMA Principles, 224
Attorney-client privilege, 212
Biotechnology Activities, this index
Brobeck Closed Archive, 221
Crime-fraud exception to lawyers’ duties, 219
Doctor-patient privilege, 226
Exceptions to confidentiality duties
Doctors, 226
Lawyers, 219
Hippocratic Oath, 224
Legal ethics, 212 et seq.
Medical ethics, 224 et seq.
Model Rules of Professional Conduct, 213
Restatement (Third) of the Law Governing Lawyers, 216
Tort claims based on breach of fiduciary duty, 333
Unauthorized disclosure
Doctors, 227
Lawyers, 220
PUBLIC HEALTH LAWS
Privacy rights tensions, 226, 354
PURPOSE SPECIFICATION PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
RADIO FREQUENCY INFORMATION DEVICES (RFID)
Generally, 342
EU regulation, 345
Identification cards, RFID-enabled, 380
Privacy implications, 343
State regulation, 344
RECORDS
Business and personal records distinctions, 89
REDUCTIONISM
Defining privacy, 17, 19
REMEDIES
Tort claims, 335
REPUBLIC OF KOREA PRIVACY LAW
Generally, 286 et seq.
Constitutional protection, 286
Regulatory agencies, 288
Statutory protection, 286
RESTITUTION REMEDY
Identity theft torts, 336
RIGHT TO BE LET ALONE
Generally, 11, 15
RIGHT TO FINANCIAL PRIVACY ACT (RFPA)
Generally, 91
SAFE HARBOR
See US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
SCHOOL RECORDS
Family Education Rights and Privacy Act, 141
SECURITY BREACHES
Generally, 195
Consumer notification requirements, 193
SECURITY GUIDELINES
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
SECURITY PRINCIPLE
US/EU Safe Harbor program, 303
SECURITY SAFEGUARDS PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
SEOUL DECLARATION
Future of the Internet Economy, 235
SETTLEMENTS
Confidential settlements, consumer protection tensions, 208
SHRINK-WRAP AGREEMENTS
Privacy rights compromises, 207
SLANDER LAW
Privacy law tensions, 14
SOCIAL MEDIA PRIVACY
State law protections, 199
SOCIAL SECURITY NUMBERS
HIPAA protection, 115, 123
Phishing, 339
Privacy Act of 1974 protections, 133
Protectable privacy interests, 330
SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE
Defining privacy, 25
SONTUSDATOS NGO
Mexico, 281
SOUTH KOREA
See Republic of Korea Privacy Law, this index
STATE LAWS
Generally, 184 et seq.
Access to data restrictions, 197
Constitution provisions, 184 et seq.
Disposal of private information, 195
Drones use, 200
HIPAA, state laws granting greater protections, 198
Radio frequency information device regulation, 344
Security breaches
Generally, 195
Consumer notification requirements, 193
Social media privacy, 199
TECHNOLOGY
Generally, 327 et seq.
See also Internet Activities, this index
Big data phenomenon
Commercial use, 363
Government use, 366
Biotechnology Activities, this index
Data brokers, 369
Developing technologies, 355 et seq.
Egg cells use, 351
Embryonic research, 349
Expectations of privacy, technology influences, 30, 44, 53
Facial recognition software, 380
Future trends, 379
Gamete collection and screening, 352
Geo Tracking, this index
Human Tissue and Cell Use, this index
Identity Theft Torts, this index
Online Tracking, this index
Privacy protection tensions, 53
Radio Frequency Information Devices, this index
Reproductive tissues use, 351
RFID-enabled identification cards, 380
Shrink-wrap and click-wrap agreements, privacy rights compromises, 207
Sperm cells use, 351
TELEPHONE RECORDS AND PRIVACY PROTECTION ACT (TRPPA)
Pretexting, 338
TERRORISM
See also National Security, this index
European Union privacy laws, terrorism influences, 272
European Union privacy policy, terrorism influences, 272
TORT LAW PROTECTIONS
Appropriation Torts, this index
Constitutional rights violations, 334
Damages remedies, 335
Disclosure Torts, this index
Emotional distress infliction, 334
Fair Credit Reporting Act remedies, 80
False Light Torts, this index
Fiduciary duty breach liability, 333
Historical background, 13, 31 et seq.
Identity Theft Torts, this index
Infliction of emotional distress, 334
Intrusion Torts, this index
Invasion of privacy torts, 13, 330
Malice, lack of as defense, 14
Phishing, this index
Pretexting, this index
Privileged communications, 14
Public disclosure of private facts, 331
Remedies, 335
Restitution remedy, 336
Social Security numbers, protectable privacy interests, 330
Special damages, 14
Specific damages, 335
Truth defense, 14
TRACKING
See Online Tracking, this index
TRADE SECRETS
Privacy rights intersection, 203
TRANS-BORDER DATA FLOWS
Generally, 296 et seq.
See also Internet Activities, this index; US/EU Safe Harbor Program, this index
Airline Passenger Data, this index
Audit strategy approach to business practices, 326
Basic Principles of International Application, OECD, 233
Business developments, 322
Canada, 248
Data Retention Directive, 275
EU gambit strategy approach to business practices, 325
EU-Department of Commerce negotiations, 298
Identity theft torts, cross-border activities, 328
Just-in-time strategy approach to business practices, 325
OECD guidelines applicability, 49, 231
Ostrich strategy approach to business practices, 324
Outsourcing, 322
Processing purposes, data transfers for, US/EU Safe Harbor, 313
Travel information transfers, US/EU Safe Harbor, 317
UBIQUITOUS OBSERVATION
Generally, 380
UNFAIRNESS DOCTRINE
Federal Trade Commission, 153
UNIFORM TRADE SECRETS ACT (UTSA)
Privacy rights intersection, 205
US/EU SAFE HARBOR PROGRAM
Generally, 297
Access principle
Generally, 304
FAQ guidance, 311
Airline passenger data, 319
Certification, 307
Choice principle
Generally, 302
FAQ guidance, 316
Public record information, 318
Department of Commerce guidance, 300
Department of Commerce negotiations, 298
Dispute resolution, 314
Enforcement principle
Generally, 304, 316
Dispute resolution, 314
Free speech tensions, 306
Frequently Asked Questions, 300, 305
Human resources information, FAQ guidance, 312
Implementation mechanisms, 306
Internet service providers’ activities, 306
Journalistic activities, 305
Loss of Safe Harbor benefits, 315
Medical privacy, 317
Notice principle, 301
Generally, 301
Public record information, 318
OECD guidelines
harmonization, 52, 234
incorporation, 301
Onward transfer principle
Generally, 303
Public record information, 318
Opt-in choices with respect to sensitive data, 305
Passenger Name Records Agreement, 322
Processing purposes, data transfers for, 313
Public record information, 318
Remedies, 315
Scope of program, 318
Security principle, 303
Self-certification, 307
Sensitive data, opt-in choices with respect to, 305
Structure, 300
Travel information transfers, 317
Verifying compliance, 310
Voluntary nature of program, 318
USA PATRIOT ACT
Generally, 103 et seq.
Canada privacy law interaction, 249
Enactment, 78
Enforcement powers of federal agencies, 107
FinCEN, law enforcement agency information sharing, 105
Incidental privacy impacts, 146
Know Your Customer regulations, 104
Scope of act, 104, 112
Subpoena powers of federal regulators, 109
USE LIMITATION PRINCIPLE
See Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, this index
WIRELESS MICROCAMERAS
Generally, 380
ZONE OF PRIVACY
Constitutional law, 88