2. The Choice

0.      The Crillon on the place de la Concorde; the Ritz Hotel on the place Vendôme; the Majestic, on the avenue Kléber; the Raphael, rue de la Pérouse; and the George V, avenue George V, all of them a stone’s throw from Napoleon’s Arc de Triomphe. Some small satisfaction: William Bullitt had beaten the Germans to the Hôtel Le Bristol (as the old American embassy had been requisitioned by the Germans).

0.      As reported in the documentary film Illustre et inconnu, by Jean-Pierre Devillers and Pierre Pochart (Ladybird Films, France 3).

0.      The equivalent of 460€ today, or $565, or £360.

0.      Signoret, La Nostalgie n’est plus ce qu’elle était.

0.      Cronin, Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist, p. 319.

0.      Agnès Humbert, Notre Guerre: Souvenirs de résistance (Éditions Emile-Paul Frères, 1946; reissued by Tallandier, 2004), published in English as Résistance: Memoirs of Occupied France (New York: Bloomsbury, 2009).

0.      Cronin, Samuel Beckett, The Last Modernist, p. 322.

0.      Herbert R. Lottman, The Left Bank (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 1981).

0.      Ibid.

0.    Ibid., p. 141.

0.    Musée de l’Homme resistance group, etc.

0.    Paulhan hid the Musée de l’Homme resistance group’s duplicating machine, according to Lottman, Left Bank, p. 147.

0.    Cronin, Samuel Beckett: The Last Modernist, pp. 322–23.

0.    Signoret, La Nostalgie n’est plus ce qu’elle était.

0.    Their intimate knowledge of this particularly treacherous mountainous region allowed them to keep tricking the Gestapo and the Wehrmacht.

0.    Lottman, Left Bank, p. 180.

0.    Ginette Guitard-Auviste, Jacques Chardonne (Paris: Albin Michel, 2000), p. 193.

0.    Lottman, Left Bank, p. 180.

0.    Ibid., p. 181.

0.    Today the antiquarian bookseller Scheler is still standing, only Thomas has replaced Lucien.

0.    Published by Viking Press in March 1942.

0.    Ibid., p. 210.

0.    “Contraband coffee cost $8 a pound, eggs $2 a dozen, chickens $5 each and cigarettes about $2 a pack—almost 10 times their pre-war prices. Average bottle of wine 60 cents instead of 8 cents.” Glass, Americans in Paris, p. 217.

0.    Glass, Americans in Paris, p. 234.

0.    Ibid., p. 90.

0.    Ibid., p. 93.

0.    In Conversations avec le vieil Harold Kaplan. Un américain peu ordinaire. À voix nue avec Harold Kaplan, a series of interviews with Philippe Meyer broadcast on October 27, 28, 29, and 30, 2010, on France Culture Radio. Those interviews were published verbatim in the magazine Commentaire, nos. 129 and 130, summer 2010.

0.    The premiere took place on November 26, 1942, at the fifteen-hundred-seat Hollywood Theatre in New York City.

0.    New York Times, November 27, 1942. Bosley Crowther finished his article with “Casablanca is one of the year’s most exciting and trenchant films. It certainly will not make Vichy happy—but that’s just another point for it.”

0.    Opening night on November 23, 1942, at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York.

0.    As reported by Oscar Thompson in his review published in the Musical America of November 25, 1942.

0.    Released in the United States in 1942 as The Devil’s Envoys.

0.    La Mort de Marie (Paris: Gallimard, 1934) and L’Homme criminel (Paris: Gallimard, 1934).

0.    Édith Thomas, Le Témoin compromis (Paris: Viviane Hamy, 1995), p. 112.

0.    As described by the New Yorker’s Paris correspondent Janet Flanner, in her letter dated November 9, 1952.

0.    Paul Eluard, “Liberté” in Au rendez-vous allemand (Paris: Les Editions de Minuit, 1945). “Liberté” was subsequently learned by heart by generations of French schoolchildren, forever ingrained alongside poems by Ronsard, Baudelaire, Rimbaud, and Prévert.

0.    After one of his former student-lovers, Olga, had asked him to write her a part so she could establish herself as an actress.

0.    The French title comes from Voltaire’s translation of Hamlet’s soliloquy “To be or not to be”:
   Demeure, il faut choisir
   Et passer à l’instant
   De la vie à la mort
   Et de l’être au néant.
   (Lettres philosophiques, letter 18, 1734.)

0.    Dan Franck, Minuit: Les aventuriers de l’art moderne (1940–1944) (Paris: Livre de poche, 2012), pp. 446–47.

0.    This was the former Sarah Bernhardt Theatre, whose name had been changed because of the famous tragedian’s Jewish origins.

0.    Ingrid Galster, Le théâtre de Jean-Paul Sartre devant ses premiers critiques, vol. 1 (Paris: L’Harmattan, 2001).

0.    She confided this during an interview on January 7, 2014, at her home in Saint-Tropez.

0.    As reported in Nathalie de Saint Phalle, Hôtels littéraires (Paris: Édition Quai Voltaire, 1991).

0.    Brassaï, Conversation avec Picasso (Paris: Gallimard, 1964), p. 138.

0.    Ibid., p. 155.

0.    Ibid., p. 151.