III. THE AMBIGUITIES OF ACTION
8. How Not to Be a Communist?
1. Flanner, Paris Journal, 1944–1955, p. 71.
2. Any of various alcoholic liquors of the Middle East, distilled from grapes, raisins, or dates and flavored with anise.
3. Quoted in Scammell, Koestler, p. 301.
4. According to the historian Hélène Carrère d’Encausse, Staline (Paris: Flammarion, 1979).
5. Isaiah Berlin’s acceptance speech at the University of Toronto upon receiving his honorary degree of Doctor of Laws, November 25, 1994.
6. Edgar Morin, Autocritique (Paris: Gallimard, 1970), p. 35.
7. Ibid., p. 70.
8. Ibid., p. 100.
9. Ibid., p. 107.
10. Chebel d’Appollonia, Histoire politique, vol. 2, p. 14.
11. Claude Roy, Nous (Paris: Gallimard, 1972).
12. Morin, Autocritique, p. 86.
13. Beauvoir, La force des choses, vol. 1, p. 163.
14. Scammell, Koestler, p. 304.
15. In a letter from Koestler to Camus, December 16, 1946, quoted in Scammell, Koestler, p. 303.
16. Quoted in ibid., p. 304.
17. Ibid.
18. Spurling, Girl from the Fiction Department, p. 81.
19. Ibid.
20. Flanner, Paris Journal, 1944–1955, p. 70.
21. Les Temps modernes, March 1947, no18.
22. Theodore H. White, In Search of History (New York: Warner Books, 1978), p. 246.
23. Ibid., p. 251.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. “I Tried to Be a Communist,” Atlantic Monthly, vol. 174, no. 2, August 1944.
27. White, In Search of History, p. 260.
28. In a letter to his friend Fig Gwaltney, quoted in J. Michael Lennon, Norman Mailer: A Double Life (New York: Simon and Schuster, 2013), p. 99.
29. Beauvoir, La force des choses, vol. 1, p. 170.
30. Ibid., p. 171.
31. Rowley, Tête-à-tête, p. 175.
32. Simone de Beauvoir, Letters to Sartre (New York: Arcade Publishing, 1991), p. 415.
33. Beauvoir, La force des choses, vol. 1, p. 171.
34. Her diary was later published as a series in Les Temps modernes (from the issue of December 1947, no. 27) and then as a book, L’Amérique au jour le jour (Paris: Gallimard, 1948), later translated into English as America Day by Day.
35. Her diary entry on February 27, 1947, published in the second installment of “L’Amérique au jour le jour,” Les Temps modernes, no. 28, January 1948.
36. Beauvoir, “L’Amérique au jour le jour.”
37. Beauvoir, Letters to Sartre, p. 446.
38. Ibid., p. 447.
39. Beauvoir, “L’Amérique au jour le jour.”
40. Beauvoir, Letters to Sartre, p. 447.
41. Beauvoir, “L’Amérique au jour le jour.”
42. Ibid.
43. Calder Willingham became a screenwriter for, among others, Stanley Kubrick (Paths of Glory, Spartacus), Richard Fleischer (Vikings), Mike Nichols (The Graduate), and Arthur Penn (Little Big Man).
44. Beauvoir, “L’Amérique au jour le jour.”
45. Ibid.
46. Beauvoir, Letters to Sartre, p. 453.
47. The Confédération Générale du Travail was founded in 1895.
48. Flanner, Paris Journal, 1944–1955, p. 70.
49. Lottman, Left Bank, p. 265.
50. Mamaine Koestler, Living with Koestler, p. 52.
51. The text of George C. Marshall’s speech is available at www.oecd.org.
52. White, In Search of History, p. 261.