Index

The index that appeared in the print version of this title was intentionally removed from the eBook. Please use the search function on your eReading device to search for terms of interest. For your reference, the terms that appear in the print index are listed below.

abundance: spectacle of

accumulation: capital; concentration; impact on workers; purchasing power aged; requirements of; sole purpose. Also see Capitalism; Corey; Marx; Roosevelt

advertising; as a fascist process; attitude toward consumer; Chase and Sanborn Coffee; Cream of Wheat Corporation; duplicitous; Ladies Home Journal; spectacle; sustaining the economy. See also Hallgren, Mauritz

Allen, Frederick Lewis; Harper’s; on marketing

African-Americans: Great Migration. See racism

Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA), See also Mitchell, Broadus

America: importers of culture. See United States

American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU). See Harry F. Ward

American fascism; American version of Mussolini’s March on Rome; Business destroying democracy; call for economic and political dictatorship; defined by President Roosevelt; demagogues plus Big Business; development; did not require a third party; disguised as anti-fascism; fascist threat; germ of, in the beacon of democracy; product of capitalist modernization; in the name of Democracy; why no history of it?. See also Black Legion; Corey; fascist processes; Haider; Khaki Shirts; K.K.K.; liberal; recession; Sokolsky, George; Swing, R. G.; Tugwell, Rexford; Ward, Harry F.

American Federation of Labor (AFL); Samuel Gompers

American individualism

American Legion

American Liberty League (1934); Carpenter, R. R. M.; coup plot; Ku Klux Klan; Murphy, Grayson M. P.

American Progress (newspaper). See Huey Long

anti-trust laws: easier for monopolies to organize

assembly-line. See also Ford

automobiles; pillar of growth;. See also Corey; Ford

aviation: monopoly

Baran, Paul; fascism

Barton, Bruce; The Man Nobody Knows

Beals, Carlton: described Huey Long’s rule; Long taps into the fears of the middle class

Bernays, Edward; father of public relations. See also propaganda; public relations

Berle, Adolf A. and Means, Gardiner C., The Modern Corporation and Private Property (1932)

Bernstein, Irving: only the privileged benefit

Bill of Rights

Bingham, Alfred: actions required; anti-communist; call for third party; Cooperative Commonwealth; on Huey Long; Insurgent America (1935); New Deal prepared the way for fascism; “Plan of Transition”

Black Legion: Effinger, Virgil F.; Shephard, William Jacob; popular in the West

Blair, John

Bonus Army; Douglas MacArthur

Boom (1922-1929); abundance; Boomtown ballyhoo; class struggle; complacency; contradiction between middle class and Big Business; displacement of labor; disposable income; gap of inequality widened; mantra of prosperity; mechanism of repression; not shared by majority; paupers of Boomtown; persuasion and manipulation; political quiescence; progress euphoria; rapid rise of goods; residential construction; system of power; systemic contradictions; unprecedented prosperity. See also Carver, Thomas Nixon; Corey; Depression; Hallgren, Mauritz; middle class; Soule, George

Boston College: History Department

Brady, Robert A.; American fascism similar to European fascism; Business as a System of Power (1943); ‘business becoming political; business system itself a totalizing power; business systems of six nations; business systems were intrinsically fascist; civil war between right and left; cultural hegemony; German fascism parallel to American; global fascism; militarism; New Deal; ordeal of the Great Depression; singled out the National Association of Manufacturers; The Structure and Spirit of German Fascism (1937); transition from capitalism to fascism

Braverman, Harry

Britain; competition with U. S.; gold standard departure; investment

Bryan, William Jennings

Business; alliance with government, state power; boom-and-bust; call for dictatorship; compass for all Americans; control over both political parties; control over markets; desire for a balanced budget; dominant force; driving force of fascism; fascist ideology; fountainhead of American fascism; gap between rich and poor; indifference; influential; installment plan; machinery; mass production; maximum profits at the expense of labor; political arm; politicians and businessmen; productivity; profits; postwar surge; resources ubiquitous; salaries and dividends; stock market; stronger than government itself, says Roosevelt; totalitarian. See also Boom; Brady, Robert A.; Carver, Thomas Nelson; Guerin; Huey Long; Palmer Raids; Seldes

Butler, Smedley Darlington: Marine Corps General who put down conspiracy

Calverton, V. F.: on fascism; workers starving.

Capital: hold of

Capitalism: accumulation; adjacency to warfare; advertising; bank branches overseas; bank failings; bound to fascism; boom/bust cycles; built on slavery and wage labor; capital-labor relationship; centralization; class rule; coercive economic and political system; competition; concentration and centralization; consumerism credit; contradictions; corporations dominate over all; crisis; dictatorship required to manage increasing capital concentration; diminishment; dollar dominates; economic collapse; exploitation; exports; fascism inherent; fascism is the need of the state’s power to promulgate; germ of fascism; good vs. bad; holding companies; increasing reliance on technology; industrial efficiency; industrial stage; inequality; investment in undeveloped areas; monopolization stifles economy’s production; New York replaces London; overproduction; pressure to purchase; proclaiming democracy, curtailing democracy; production; promise of universal prosperity; propaganda; public relations; recession of 1921; requires deficit spending; seeds of fascism; social and political life controlled; state monopoly capitalism; technological innovation; totalizing force; tragic hallmark; transition to imperialism; Wall Street crash (1929); wealth and poverty simultaneously. See also Brady, Robert A.; Marx; modernization; public relations; Roosevelt; U. S.

cartels. See Business

Carver, Thomas Nixon; capitalism natural; capitalist utopia idea; compared to Bernays; economic revolution doesn’t materialize; Present Economic Revolution in the United States (1925); touting economic achievements

Chamber of Commerce; praise for Mussolini; united front

Chaplin, Charlie

Chase, Stuart: liberal economy. See also Roosevelt

Civil War

Civilian Conservation Corps

Cold War: hostility toward Marxism

Communist Party of the United States of America (CPUSA); advantages; warnings of fascism. See also Scottsboro Case; Wilson, Edmund

Communists

consumer society and consumerism. See also advertising; media

consumption

Coolidge, Calvin; expansion abroad; New Capitalism; puritanical; saintly and anointed; Silent Cal. See also advertising; Fay, Charles Norman

Corey, Lewis; American fascism; automobiles unsold; biography of Corey, by Paul Buhle; capital accumulation; causes analyzed; construction trades; contradictions leading to decline and decay; cyclical revival; The Decline of American Capitalism; excess capacity; financial oligarchy;industry merged to the state; Marxist economist; mechanization; New Deal preparatory for fascism; not better known; planned limitation of output; role of the middle class; similarity to Robert A. Brady; speculative economic climate; wages stalled; workers and wages. See also Depression; Marx

Coughlin, Charles; anti-Hoover; anti-Semitism; backed by William Randolph Hearst; Father Coughlin; fostered class discrimination; grounded in Catholic teaching; insight of Victor C. Ferkiss degeneration of native American radicalism into fascism; radio ministry; and Roosevelt. See also K.K.K.

Credit: easy access

Cuba

cultural divisions

deficit spending. See Roosevelt

Dennis, Lawrence

Depression (1930s); business concentration speeds up; cause; contradictions within; Lewis Corey; crisis (1929); New Era prophets wrong; opposite of the Boom; revolutionary moment; suffering. See also Brady, Robert A.; Capitalism; Corey; Kindleburger, Charles; Wall Street Crash

Dewey, John: agenda; enlightened democratic government; favored privileged plutocracy; hostile toward socialist alternatives

Dimitroff, Georgi; defines fgascism; fascism the power of finance capitalism itself; General Secretary of the Communist International

Duhamel, George: America the Menace; cultural critic

DuPont

Dutt, R. Palme: saw fascism developing in U. S.

Eccles, Marriner: Chairman, Federal Reserve

electrification: pillar of growth. See also Leuchtenburg

Emergency Quota Act (1921)

Engels, Frederick; investigator of industrial capitalism

Evans, Hiram Wesley, Imperial Wizard

executive power: political dictatorship

farmers; bank foreclosings; farm crisis

Fascism: class character; defined by Hallgren; historiography; lost discourse; power sof finance capital itself; responsibility for; See also advertising; capitalism; Haider; Hitler; propaganda; public relations; Mussolini; United States

fascist processes; capitalist accumulation; capitalist modernization; citizenship undermined; dictatorial rule of capital; embryonic in U. S.; fascism indicators; harbingers of American fascism; organizing for war; terrorist and non-terrorist; widening gap between wealth and poverty. Also see American fascism; Fay, Charles Norman; Raushenbush, Stephen

fashion: obsession with

Fay, Charles Norman; appointing vs. voting; Business in Poitics; justifying elites; money meritocracy; principle of Least Government; profit-and-loss; “True Americanism”. See also Bernays

Federal Reserve. See Roosevelt

Ferkiss, Victor: examined Long’s career against the backdrop of capitalist crisis

Filene’s (Boston)

finance capital

Ford, Henry; expansion overseas; Fordism. See automobiles

Fordney-McCumer Tariff (1922): negates credit

France

Freud, Sigmund

Gary, Elbert H.

General Electric Company; expansion overseas

General Foods Corporation: first diversified food giant

General Motors; expansion overseas

Germany; described as a “non-state”; Freikorps; Hitler’s rise to power; loans from U. S.; trigger for fascism; under Hitler. See also Brady, Robert A.

Gleischaltung. See Trump

Gold Reserve Act (January, 1934)

Goldfrank, Walter

Guerin, Daniel, Fascism and Big Business

Hacker, Louis; on imperialism; observer of Pax Americana

Haider, Carmen; banks behind the scenes; contradictions between capital and labor; defines fascism

Hallgren, Mauritz; advertising; middle-class plight; monopolists; Seeds of Revolt (1933); unemployment; working class movement could prevent fascism

Hansen, Alvin, Full Recovery or Stagnation? (1038). See Keynes

Harding, Warren Gamaliel; America First; enhanced powers of the presidency; imperialist henchmen; Marion, Ohio; middle-class backslapper; normalcy; Old Guard isolationists; political agenda; protectionism; trickle-down economics; unique dynamic of masquerade

Harper’s Magazine; New Deal sabotage. See also New Deal

Harvey, David

Hearst, William Randolph

Hitler, Adolf; compared to President Trump; dictatorship; Enabling Act; National Socialism; not required for fascism in America; regime. See also Germany; National Socialism

Hobbes, Thomas

Hoover, Herbert; American values; anger at; Commerce Secretary; Depression, explanation for; failure; fascist turn; Federal Farm Board; Great Engineer; high tariffs; mission accomplished; National Credit Corporation; raises taxes; Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC). See also Bonus Army

Hopkins, Harry: fascist solution; supports Ickes insight

Horkheimer, Max

Hughes, Charles; Central America invasions

Ickes, Harold: fascist threat of Big Business; Republican; Secretary of Interior; spurs Roosevelt; supported by Harry Hopkins; supported New Deal

immigration and immigrants; dangerous; restrictions. See also Emergency Quota Act; National Origins Act

imperialism

Industrial Workers of the World (IWW).

installment buying

International Harvester Company; expansion overseas

investment. See United States

Iran-Contra: role of the CIA. See also Roberto, Michael Joseph

Italy; American relations with fascist Italy

Japan: militarism; Pearl Harbor

Jesus

Johnson, Lyndon Baines

Josephson, Matthew

Katznelson, Ira; New Deal

Kennedy, David. See also New Deal

Keynes, John Maynard; The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money, (1936), won over Alvin Hansen

Khaki Shirts: manocracy

Kindleberger, Charles: analysis of The Great Depression; liquidity crisis

Kiwanis

Klaverns. See Ku Klux Klan

Ku Klux Klan (KKK); enemies; fascistic; Father Coughlin; Gate City Manufacturing (Atlanta); growth; middle class membership; money-making machine; petty bourgeois class consciousness; Protestant fundamentalism; racist. See also American Liberty League; Hiram Wesley Evans

labor: displacement; exploitation. See Marx; Roosevelt; Wagner Act

labor unrest; DuPont and General Motors; Ford Motor Company; militancy; suppressed; workers replaced by machines; tamed

Lamont, Thomas W.: support from Morgan Bank for Mussolini

Lasswell, Harold

Lenin, Vladimir

Leonard, Jonathan Norton; Chicago; smugness; Three Years Down

Leuchtenburg, Walter: Brain Trust; Cold War historian; electrical power

Lewis, Sinclair: his protagonist, George F. Babbitt; It Can’t Happen Here, (1935)

liberal: anti-communist to the core; fueling American fascism. See Matthews & Shallcross

Liberalism: crossroads; defense of the capitalist system; folklore; in the making of American fascism; myth of American exceptionalism; reformation. See United States; Warren, Frank

liberals. See Also John Dewey; Alfred Bingham

Lindbergh, Charles

Lions Clubs

Lippman, Walter; powerful political economist

living wage

Long, Huey; accused others of fascism; assassinated; attacks the New Deal; Beals sees powers of capitalist modernization; biographical sketch; breakdown of populism into fascism; Broun, “Long is just a fascist”; “deduct box”; dictator; emperor of Louisiana; exploited African-Americans; facilitator of capitalist modernization; liberal capitalist failure; published his own newspaper; roots in the petty bourgeoisie; Standard Oil Co. duplicitous relationship; thinking like a capitalist; threatening. See also Beals, Carlton; Bingham, Alfred

Louisiana: backward state; monopoly capitalist and feudal enterprise. See also Huey Long

lynchings

McCarthy, Senator Jospeh: anti-communist hysteria

McElvaine, Robert: did everyone become rich?; increased federal spending. See also Hoover

Macdonald, Dwight

MacLean, Nancy; class analysis

Magil, A. B.; and Harry Stevens, The Peril of Fascism; American fascism; labor unrest; political economy; similarity to Robert. A. Brady

Marchand, Roland; Democracy of Goods

Marcuse, Herbert, One Dimensional Man

marketing; consciousness; salesmen. See also advertising

Marx, Karl: accumulation; agricultural labor; Capital (1867); capitalism; capitalist accumulation; capitalists and workers; concept of totality; The Communist Manifesto; constant and variable capital; contradiction of poverty and plenty; critic of Proudhon; dialectics; industrial formation; industrial capitalism; labor subject to capital; lag in acquired wealth; laws of motion; media; methodology; organic composition; ownership production; pauperism; The Poverty of Philosophy; production expansion; surplus-value; worker labor-power. See also Capitalism; Lewis Corey; David Harvey; Wilson, Edmund

mass production. See also Bernays

Matthews, J. B. & Shallcross, R. E.: liberal and fascist; monopoly finance capitalism connected with political liberalism. See Harper’s Magazine

Mayer, Arno. See also Nancy MacLean

mechanization. See also Capitalism

media: supported Big Business

Mellon, Andrew; laissez-faire; prosperity for all; tax cuts; used the Treasury Department

middle class reaction; and the Klan; characteristics; imperfectly formed wave of reaction; quiescence. See also Haider, Carmen; Hallgren, Mauritz; Wilson, Edmund

Migone, Gian Giacomo; Mussolini

Military Appropriations Act (1916)

Miller, Robert Moats

Minton, Bruce & Stuart, John: capitalism not functioning; The Fat Years and the Lean; militarism portrayed

Mitchell, Broadus: failure of AAA administrators; outspoken socialist

modernization: contradictions; industrial and financial

monopoly

Morgan, J. P.

Morgenthau, Henry: Treasury Secretary

Mussolini, Benito; biographical details; black shirts; congratulated by American businessmen; feared losing American capital; inspires American businessmen; March on Rome (1922); Myerson, Gregory; Partito Nazionale Fascista; popularity in the U. S.; praised by Andrew Mellon; rise to power, 1922; support from American Bankers Association; support from U. S. See also Italy; Will Rogers

Myerson, Gregory: crisis of the American Empire

Nation, The. See also Hallgren, Mauritz

National Association of Manufacturers (NAM); organized lobbies; united front. See also Brady, Robert A.

National Economic Committee (TNEC): concentration and centralization of wealth

National Labor Relations Act. See Wagner Act

National Labor Relations Board

National Origins Act (1924)

National Recovery Act (NRA): colossal failure; designed for Big Business. See also Roosevelt

National Socialism

Neumann, Franz, Behemoth

New Deal; affinity with Italian fascism; all things to all men; alliance of businessmen and politicians; attempt to bridge the capital/labor divide; comparison to Hoover budget; currency manipulation; didn’t halt the upward distribution of national wealth; failed to end the crisis; fascist character; fascist indication; fascist tendencies; fundamental contradictions; kept the middle class loyal to Roosevelt; plausible transition toward fascism; pluses and minuses; profitable; second New Deal (1935); service of capital. See also Bingham, Alfred; Brady, Robert A.; Long, Huey; state capitalism; Raushenbush; Swing, R. G.

New Era; prophets of capitalistic progress; unemployment high. See also Capitalism; Hallgren, Mauritz; propaganda

New York Stock Exchange: suspended trading

Nicaraguan Revolution

oil

Palmer, A. Mitchell;

Palmer Raids

Panama Canal

patriarchy

Pax Americana; empire rises; Reagan-Bush to Trump. See also Hacker, Louis

Pelley, William Dudley: big small-fry fascist. See also Silver Shirts

Pettigrew, Richard Franklin, Imperial Washington; neglected unfairly

Philippines

plutocracy

Poverty: and plenty

Pragmatism

productivity

Prohibition

propaganda; democracy in the marketplace; manipulation; new propagandists; political success; success in WWI. See also Bernays; Capitalism

Prothro, James Warren

Proudhon, Pierre-Joseph. See also Marx

public relations; Link, Henry C.; experts in; partnership with business

Puerto Rico

racism

radicalism

radio

Raushenbush, Stephen, The March of Fascism (1939); New Deal. See also U. S.

recession (of 1937-1938); causes; developing American Fascism; unemployment; Wendell Willkie nominated, 1940

Red Scare

Republican Party; explained by Carmen Haider; laissez-faire; and the middle class; political imprimatur; tax cuts; Wall Street alliance

residential construction. See Boom

Roberto, Michael Joseph; Carolina Peacemaker; Communist Workers Party; Greensboro News & Record; Iran-Contra. See also Boston College; Myerson, Gregory

Rochester, Anna

Rogers, Will: favored Mussolini

Roosevelt, Franklin Delano; attitude toward middle class; backed corporations; bad citizenship traced to capitalists; Big Business the main fascist threat; cajoling capitalists; capitalist accumulation; capitalism essentially good; comparison to Italy and Germany (fascism); contribution of Stuart Chase; Emergency Banking Act; ends banking crisis; failures of Business; fascism, thoughts on; fear of higher wages; Federal Reserve; first hundred days; historians’ immediate response; investigates the power of monopolies; motives unknown; national bank holiday; National Economic Committee (TNEC); National Recovery Administration (NRA); organized labor; permanent deficit spending; policies heightened class conflict; presidency; promise; prop up Big Business; Reconstruction Finance Corporation; reelection landslide (1936); restore deficit spending; second New Deal (1935); sought to reverse monopolization; speechwriters; strengthened capital; warning that the country could go fascist. See also Brady, Robert A.; Federal Reserve; New Deal

Rotary Club

Russian Revolution

savings: lost; See also Thomas Nelson Carver

Schlesinger, Arthur; on Huey Long

Scottsboro Case

Sedition Act (1918)

segregation

Seldes, Gilbert: Big Business harbinger of fascism; communist party; Facts and Fascism (1943); fascism would differ in the U. S.; Silver Shirts; small-fry fascist groups; The Years of the Locust (1933)

Selective Service Administration

silver shirts )U.S.): emulated Mussolini’s black shirts and Hitler’s brown shirts

small-fry fascisti: all had roots in the petty bourgeoisie

social security; Social Security Act (1935)

Socialism

Sokolsky, George: America’s drift toward fascism; executive emphasis instead of legislative; lead toward fascism; witnessed the need for totalitarian form of government

Soule, George: final spurt

Soviet Union

Spain

spectacle of prosperity. See also advertising

speculation

state capitalism; examined; inflation; monopoly capitalism; profits rise; results in cheaper labor

steel industries

Stevens, Henry

Stolberg, Benjamin & Vinton, Warren Jay; The Economic Consequences of the New Deal (1935); middle class muddled; opportunistic New Deal; oppressive emphasis on scarcity; Roosevelt avoids socialist planning; saving the capitalist system; synthesis of errors. See also New Deal

strikes. See labor unrest

surplus-value. See Marx

Sweezy, Paul

Swing, Raymond Gram: Forerunners of American Fascism; New Deal; profiles of Father Coughlin, Huey Long, William Randolph Hearst; sacrifice of democracy; views

telephone industry

trade unionism

Transcontinental Railroad

Trump, Donald J.; Gleichschaltung

trusts

Tugwell, Rexford: rejected class struggle

unemployment; mass unemployment. See also Corey, Lewis; Hallgren, Mauritz

unemployment insurance

Union Party: William Lemke

United Fruit Company: expansion overseas

United States: American Behemoth; Americanism; basis of American industry; bulwark against Communism; capital investment; Civil War; class struggle transformed; creditor nation of the world; cover-up of fascism explained; electricity replaces steam; executive vs. legislative; foreign trade gains; foreign import barriers; imperialism emerges; inflation; Liberalism; manager of business interests; monopoly finance capitalism; myth of American exceptionalism; Pax Americana; poverty; preeminent leader; protectionism; purchasing power deterioration; society changes; The State as hired policeman; support for Mussolini; Transition to fascism; U. S. Steel Corporation; United States v. Winrod; world capitalist system; world power; world’s banker. See also business; Capitalism; Dutt; fascist processes; Germany; Mussolini; Pax Americana; Seldes; unemployment

U. S. Steel Corporation; efficiency. See also Charles Norman Fay; steel industries

united front

urbanization

Veblen, Thorsten

wages. See also Marx

Wagner Act

Wall Street Crash (1929); general crisis of U.S. capitalism; losers; merger movement; overproduction and saturation; political consequences. See also Capitalism

Wall Street Journal: See Corey

War Industries Board (1917)

Ward, Harry F.: ACLU chairman; anti-fascist, socialist Christian; biographer, David Nelson Duke; democracy’s impossible promise

Warren, Frank A.: Liberals and Communism (1966)

Welfare State

White, William Allen

white supremacy

Wilson, Edmund: American Jitters (1933); Communist Party incapability; on Marx; Senate candidacy of Dwight Morrow

Wilson, Woodrow; on the middle class; postwar vision. See also Military Appropriations Act

Winrod, Gerald B.: big small-fry fascist

working class. See business

World War I; American Expeditionary Force