All military units are British unless otherwise indicated
4th Division (Regular Army) 161–2
see also individual units
7th Division (Regular Army) 187–90
VIII Corps 14, 19, 67, 73, 101, 196–8, 231–2, 235
see also individual units
8th Division (Regular Army) 175–6
see also individual units
11th Division (French) 194–5
see also individual units
17th (Northern) Division (New Army) 185–7
18th (Eastern) Division (New Army) 190–2
XX Corps (French) 194–5
21st Division (New Army) 183–5
29th Division (Regular Army) 9, 21–2, 121–2, 135–6, 162–4, 166, 233, 235, 237
see also Newfoundland Regiment
30th Division (New Army) 192–3
31st Division (New Army) 159–61, 196
32nd Division (New Army) 170–4
34th Division (New Army) 176–83
50th Brigade 185–7
55th Bavarian Landwehr Regiment (German) 180
87th Brigade 3, 5, 7, 9–10, 12, 14, 20, 98, 162
88th Brigade 3, 9–10, 14, 98, 122, 162
94th Brigade 132
99th Brigade 170
108th Brigade 164
109th Regiment (German) 130–1, 190–1
110th Regiment (German) 127, 133, 186
111th Regiment (German) 186
153rd Regiment (French) 192
180th Regiment (German) 132–5
Abbeville 210
Accrington Pals (11th Battalion) 160–1
aerial reconnaissance 72, 74, 79, 187, 234
Albert 44, 175, 178, 195, 216, 222
Albrecht of Prussia, Prince 145
Alexander, Capt. Harold 220–1
Allenby, Gen. Sir E. 59
ambulance trains 208–9
Amiens, Battle of (1918) 242
Ancre (River) 3, 41–2, 59, 61, 80
Andresen, Kresten 104
Appleyard, Cpl. Sidney 85–6, 106, 107, 110, 117, 157–8
Arnim, General von 187
Arras, Battle of (1917) 24, 238, 240–1, 249
Asquith, Herbert Henry 31
Asquith, Lt. Raymond 220
Assevillers 195
At GHQ (book) 77
attritional warfare 39, 41, 62, 63, 245, 247–8
Austria-Hungary 35, 40, 247–8, 249
Badcock, Mary 95–6
Balfourier, Gen. Maurice 194
Ball, Maj. James 162
Bapaume 44, 61–2, 175, 195, 216, 217, 220
barbed wire cutting (British) 7, 68–9, 86, 92–3, 101–2, 132, 135, 157, 158, 165, 233–4
barbed wire usage (German) 40, 45, 99–101, 155, 157
Barnett, Corelli 38
Barnsley Pals (11th Battalion) 160
Barron, Pte. J. 182
Bastard, Lt.-Col. Reginald 130
Baumber, Pte. Harry 176–8
Bavarian 1st Army Corps (German) 80–1
Bazentin Ridge, Battle of (1916) 63–5
Beaumont Hamel 113, 118–20, 140, 153, 162–3, 196, 201, 212–13
and Newfoundland Regiment 3, 9–10, 12–13, 17–19, 22
Becquincourt 195
Bell, Capt. E. N. F. 139
Berdoulat, Gen. 194
Bere, Revd Montague Acland ‘Monty’ 108–9
Bilson, LCpl. G. 191–2
‘bite and hold’ tactics 60
Blackadder Goes Forth (TV series) 28
Blenk, Musketier Karl 131
‘blob formation’ 172
Bloomfield, Pte. William 180
Bloor, Lt. William 105–6, 107–8
Blücher, Princess Evelyn von 225–6
Boer War (1899–1902) 28, 202, 232
Bois Faviere 194
Bond, Brian 196
Boyd, Piper Alexander 179–80
Boyne, Battle of the (1690) 164
Braithwaite, Valentine 162
Brammer, Pte. Archie 161
Brennan, Gerald 211
Bright, Bill 85
Britain
barbed wire cutting 7, 68–9, 86, 92–3, 101–2, 132, 135, 157, 158, 165, 233–4
battlefield tactics 58–63, 66–8, 69, 72, 97, 153, 154–5, 235, 246–7, 248
casualty figures 21–2, 128, 142, 155, 160, 160, 175–6, 183, 201–7, 216, 218, 221–2, 245, 249
coordination of Somme offensive 217
declares war on Germany 22
divisional structure of BEF 51–3
equipment carried by troops 14, 24, 68, 70–1, 92, 121–2
expectancy of the ‘Big Push’ 7, 77–80, 90–1
Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
lack of experience of senior officers 54
lessons learned from Somme offensive 232–9, 242, 248, 249–50
mass voluntarism 48–9
mines detonated 123–8
morale amongst troops 51, 68, 110–11, 119–20, 130, 137–8, 223–4
overestimation of artillery effectiveness 7, 14, 38–9, 58–60, 68–9, 86–7, 92–3, 97–9, 110, 113, 248
‘pals’ battalions 49–51, 159–61, 202
poor quality munitions 94–5, 96, 146, 249
positioning of trenches 136
preliminary artillery bombardment 103–9
preparations for the ‘Big Push’ 87–93, 101–2, 110–13
promised troops by governor of Newfoundland 22, 23
repercussions of Somme 224–5, 226, 227
Somme campaign strategy 34–6, 38–40, 43, 45–6, 53–4
and timing of ‘Zero Hour’ attack 118
wounded casualties 207–15
see also individual units
Brock, Bill 210
Brooke, FM Sir Alan 249
Brooke, Rupert 189–90
Brusilov Offensive (1916) 35, 76, 80
Bury, LCpl. H. 160
Byrnes, Pte. Charlie ‘Ginger’ 3–4, 10, 12, 20–1
Cabot, John 22
Cambrai, Battle of (1917) 24
Canada 22
Carrington, Charles 239
Carroll, Pte. Thomas 17
Carter, Pte. W. 131
casualty figures 22, 38, 128, 142, 155, 160, 175–6, 183, 201–7, 216, 218, 221–2, 245, 249
Cather, Lt. Geoffrey 139, 140–1
cavalry 63–6, 76, 142, 195, 242
Cayley, Brig.-Gen. Douglas E. 3, 9–10, 18–19
Chaney, Bert 220
Chantilly conference (1915) 35, 36
Charlton, Capt. J. M. 183
Charteris, Brig.-Gen. John 41, 69, 72, 74, 76–7
Chlorine gas 102–3
Christmas Truce (1914) 146, 210
Churchill, Winston 30–1, 138, 224, 245–6, 249
Coldstream Guards (2nd Battalion) 90
Congreve, Lt.-Gen. Walter 218
Contalmaison 176
Cotton, Lt.-Col. A. S. 170–1
County Tyrone Battalion (36th Division) 130
Cousins, LCpl. J. 136
Covenant with Death (novel) 47–8, 88–9, 99, 160, 201
‘cowardice’ 137–8
creeping barrages 234, 238, 242
Crozier, Percy 171
Dadd, Julian 78
DADMS (Deputy Assistant Director of Medical Services) 90–1
‘Danger Tree’ 15
Dardanelles campaign (1915–1916) 23, 33, 34, 162, 246
Davies, Gwilym Ewart 89–90, 144
de Castelnau, Gen. Noël 81
de Lisle, Maj.-Gen. Henry de Beauvoir 9–10, 19, 21, 24, 97, 232–3, 237
‘defensive attrition’ 41
Derby, Earl of 69
Deutscher Soldatenhof memorial 204
Devennie, Pte. J. 131
Diggle, Maj. 172
Dompierre 195
Dorset Regiment (1st Battalion) 142–4
Douchy-lès-Ayette 145
Down, Lt. Cecil 91
Duchêne, Gen. 194
Dunbar, Rifleman W. 167
East Lancashire Regiment (11th Battalion) 160–1
Easton, Pte. Tommy 182
Edmonds, Brig-Gen Sir J. E. 86–7, 118, 122, 158–9, 170
equipment carried (British) 14, 24, 68, 70–1, 92, 121–2
Esher, Lord 74
Essex Regiment (1st Battalion) 3, 14, 19
Ewald, Lieutenant von 145
Fairfax, Lt.-Col. Bryan 192–3
Falkenhayn, Gen. Erich von 36, 39, 66, 217
Field Service Regulations (tactical manual) 29
Fildes, 2nd–Lt. Geoffrey 90
‘fire and movement’ tactics 59–60
Fitzgerald, Sgt. H. 157
Florizel (ship) 23
Foch, Gen. Ferdinand 36, 118, 247
Forbes–Robinson, Maj. James 23
Forman, Lt.-Col. Douglas Evans 97–8
Fowke, Lt.-Gen. George 216
France
artillery barrages 93–4, 97, 98
casualty figures 38, 204, 222, 249
coordination of Somme offensive 217
and mutinies 223–4
Somme campaign strategy 34–6, 38–40, 43
troop successes and breakthroughs 194–5, 216
and timing of ‘Zero Hour’ attack 118
and Verdun Offensive 36, 38, 40–1, 66, 72–3, 103, 217, 224, 226–7, 247
Fricourt 153, 159, 183, 185–7, 201, 204, 223
Frise 195
Frontiers, Battle of the (1914) 202
Fuller, Lt.-Col. C. G. 136
Fyfe, LCpl. Pipe Garnet Wolseley 179
Gallipoli campaign (1915–1916) 23, 33, 34, 162, 246
Gambling, Gunner F. J. G. 107, 109–10, 111, 186, 216
gas shells/attacks 89, 91, 97, 102–3, 105, 110, 148, 208, 248
Germany
barbed wire usage 10, 40, 45, 99–101, 155, 157
Britain declares war on 22
casualty figures 204, 221, 222, 249
changed attitude to British army 225–6
expectancy of the ‘Big Push’ 7, 78–80
morale amongst troops 103–7, 227, 247
repercussions of Somme 224–7
Somme campaign strategy 40, 42–6
trench networks 11, 13, 14–15, 43–6, 74–5, 142, 147
Gettysburg, Battle of (1863) 98
Gommecourt 59, 153, 154–9, 212, 213, 250
Goodbye to All That (autobiography) 215
Gordon Highlanders (7th division) 91, 188
Gordon, Lt. 172
Gotto, Basil 24
Graham, Pte. Stephen 214–15
Grant, W. J. 166–7
Graves, Robert 215
Great Contemporaries (book) 30–1, 224
Green, Capt. John 139–40
Greenwood, Bdr. 108
Grimsby Chums (10th Battalion) 176–8
Hadow, Lt.-Col. Arthur 3, 7–8, 10, 17–19, 23, 24
Haig, Gen. Sir Douglas
appointed commander-in-chief of BEF 28, 30
battlefield tactics 58–63, 66–8, 69, 72, 97, 153, 154–5, 235, 246, 248
campaign strategy 33–4, 36, 38–9, 41, 43
and casualty figures 202, 203, 216
character of 30–3
and continuation of Somme offensive 217–18
controversial reputation of 28, 62–3, 66, 196, 239, 245–6
early military career 28–30
and French breakthroughs 195
funeral of 225
and Gommecourt offensive 154–6, 158–9
and Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
lessons learned from Somme offensive 239, 242
and Lloyd George 224–5
misinformation about successes 186–7, 196, 216
overestimation of artillery effectiveness 38–9, 58, 60, 68–9, 248
political enemies 30–1
and positioning of trenches 136
preparations for the ‘Big Push’ 87–8, 90
promised commander-in-chief role by Kitchener 27–8
and repercussions of Somme 227
and VC awards 140–1
Haig, Lady 67, 153, 195–6, 197, 202
Hall, Lt.-Col. John 212–13
Hall, Lt. Warwick 188
Halliwell, Pte. Frank 164
Hampshire Regiment (2nd Battalion) 3, 44
Hardecourt 194
Harris, John 47–8, 88–9, 160, 201
Hart, Lt. Basil Liddell 31, 62, 66, 185
Hartness, Richard 172
Hartness, Pte. Thomas 172
Hawkings, Pte. Frank 111
Hawkins, Lt. Richard 214
Hawthorn Ridge 6–7, 123–5, 159, 233
HE (high explosive) munitions 69, 98–9, 101, 123, 125, 234
Heneker, Lt.-Col. F. C. 183
Hentig, Capt. von 245
Herbecourt 195
Herder, Lt. Hubert 15
Herries, Capt. W. 91–2, 178, 182, 183
Higson, Edward ‘Ted’ 119–20, 193, 214
Hindenburg, FM Paul von 217, 218, 226–7
Hitler, Adolf 80
HLI (Highland Light Infantry) 143–4, 171, 172
HMS Hampshire 41
Hohenzollern Redoubt 154
Holmes, Richard 38
Horne, Lt.-Gen. Henry 237
Howard, Professor Sir Michael 31
Hudson, Maj.-Gen. Henry 175
Hull, Maj.-Gen. C. P. A. 157
Hunter-Weston, Lt.-Gen. Sir Aylmer 14, 101, 123, 125, 197–8, 231–2
‘hurricane bombardment’ 6, 233
Huxtable, Captain 78
Iles, Horace 161
Instructions for the Training of Platoons for Offensive Action (training pamphlet) 236
Intelligence limitations 69, 72–6
Irwin, Col. 192
Jacquot, Gen. 194
Jardine, Brig. J. B. 170–1, 237
Joffre, General Joseph 27, 28, 34, 36–40, 73
Jones, Nigel 247
Josephs, 2nd Lt. J. 159
Keegan, John 33
Kent, Maj. 184
Kern Redoubt 154
Kiggell, Lt.-Gen. Launcelot 216, 246
King’s Liverpool Regiment (17th Battalion) 192
Kitchener, Lord 27–8, 41, 48–9, 202
Kitchener’s New Army (‘Kitchener’s Mob’) 47–8, 54, 68, 160, 202, 238
La Boisselle 125–6, 135, 153, 159, 176–7, 180–3, 209
Lambton, Hon. Sir William 161
Lawson, Cpl. E. J. 154–5, 156–7
Le Petit, Commandant 192–3
Le Tréport hospital 158
Ledingham, Capt. Jim 14
Leipzig Redoubt 143, 170–1, 237
lifting barrages 58–9, 67, 234
Lincolnshire Regiment (1st Battalion) 184–5
Lincolnshire Regiment (10th Battalion) 176–8
Lind, Frank 15
Lloyd George, David 206–7, 224–5, 245, 246
Lochnagar mine 125–7
London Division (56th) 157–9
Longbourne, Col. 188
Lonsdale Battalion (97th Brigade) 109, 171–4
Lonsdale, Pte. W. S. 163
Loos, Battle of (1915) 27, 30, 57, 102, 118, 154, 247
looting of corpses 214–15
Lorraine, Battle of (1914) 81
Loudon-Shand, Maj. Stewart 140
Ludendorff, Gen. Erich Friedrich Wilhelm 80, 81, 217, 226–7, 242
Ludendorff Offensive (1918) 226
Lutyens, Sir Edwin 205
Lys, Battle of (1918) 24
Machell, Lt.-Col. Percy 171–2, 174
Machine Gun Corps 58
machine gun developments 57–8, 234–5
Macmillan, Capt. Harold 220
Malcolm, Capt. G. E. 20
Mametz 129, 153, 187–8, 196, 215
Manchester pals (18th Battalion) 119, 123, 193, 214
Maricourt 93
Mark Copse 160
Marne, Battle of the (1914) 33, 81
Martin, Capt. Duncan 129
Maschinengewehr-Scharfschützen-Abteilungen (machine gun company) 57
Mawdsley, Pte. J. H. 160–1
Maxim, Hiram 57
Maxse, Maj.-Gen. Ivor 190, 191, 214
McFadzean, Pte. W. F. 140, 141
McKerrow, Dr. Charles 209
McMillan, LCpl. Daniel George 159
Memoirs of an Infantry Officer (book) 77–8
mercy killings 210
Minet, Lt.-Col. E. C. J. 128
Moltke, FM Helmuth von 67
Monchy-au-Bois 145
Monchy-le-Preux, Battle of (1917) 5
Mons, Battle of (1914) 162
Montauban 59, 94, 97, 129, 153, 187, 192–3, 196, 210, 214
Morgan, Nurse 208
Morland, Lt.-Gen. Sir Thomas 218
Morval 61
Munro, Hector (‘Saki’) 221
mutinies 223–4
Napoleonic Wars 98
Neuve Chapelle, Battle of (1915) 68–9, 99, 247
Nevill, Capt. Wilfred ‘Billy’ 129–30
Newfoundland Patriotic Association 22
Newfoundland Regiment (1st Battalion)
advance on enemy 8–10, 12–17, 162–3
bury their dead 21
calmness/steadiness of 15–16, 20, 24
casualties/losses 15–19, 20–2, 23–4, 201–2
come under heavy fire 12–16, 24
formation practice 7–8
ineffective artillery support 7, 10, 14–15, 21, 24, 162–3
march to support trenches 5–6
morale 9
post-Somme action 24
prepare for ‘big push’ 6–7
training 22–3
will writing 4–5
Nivelle, Robert 223
North Midland Division (46th) 154–7
North Staffordshire Regiment (46th Division) 155, 157
Northumberland Fusiliers (34th Division) 91, 125–8, 180–1, 183, 204, 209
Norwich Engineers (34th Division) 135
Nourrisson, Gen. 194
Nunns, Captain Joe 14–15
O’Gowan, Maj.-Gen. Robert Wanless 159
Official History of the Great War (book) 118, 122, 158–9, 164, 194, 203–4, 247
Operation Michael 81
Ovillers 132–3, 153, 175, 180, 183, 201
‘pals’ battalions 49–51, 159–61, 202
Parr, Cpl. James 250
Parr–Dudley, J. H. 189–90
Pleasantville training camp (Newfoundland) 23
Plowman, Max 142
Pollard, 2nd-Lt. Alfred 222
poor quality munitions (British) 94–5, 96, 146, 249
Pout, Pte. J. F. 131–2
Pozières Ridge 44, 59, 60, 61, 67, 154, 218
Price, LCpl. George Lawrence 227
Probert, Maj. Ynyr 95–6, 187–8, 234
Quadrilateral Redoubt 161
Queen Victoria’s Rifles (1st/9th London Regiment) 85, 111, 117
Quigg, Rifleman Robert 140
rainfall / muddy conditions 104–5, 109, 145–6
Raley, Capt. Arthur 5–6, 10, 14, 15–16
RAMC (Royal Army Medical Corps) 105, 193
Rawlinson, Gen. Sir Henry ‘Rawly’
battlefield tactics 58–62, 67, 68–9, 235, 248
and continuation of Somme offensive 217
and French breakthroughs 195
and German positions 45
misinformation about successes 196
and ‘pals’ battalions 49–50
and timing of ‘Zero Hour’ attack 118
Rees, Brig. H. C. 132
Reid, Sgt. Charles 21
Reynolds, David 249
RFC (Royal Flying Corps) 72, 79, 88, 104, 234
Ricardo, Lt.-Col. Ambrose 130
Rifle Brigade (4th Division) 118–19
Ritchie, Drummer Walter 140
RMOs (Regimental Medical Officers) 208–9
Robertson, FM Sir William 217, 231
Rohr, Hptm. von 180
Rowe, Cpl. Leonard Edward 159
Rowsell, Capt. Rex 14
Royal Engineers 52, 90, 101, 125–6
Royal Field Artillery (97th Brigade) 107
Royal Field Artillery (146th Brigade) 105
Royal Field Artillery (147th Brigade) 98
Royal Field Artillery (154th Brigade) 166–7
Royal Field Artillery (161st Brigade) 170–1
Royal Fusiliers (11th Battalion) 214
Royal Fusiliers (2nd Battalion) 123–5
Royal Horse Artillery 162
Royal Irish Rifles (36th Division) 167–9
Royal Welch Fusiliers (1st Battalion) 76, 102
Rupprecht of Bavaria, Crown Prince 42, 79–81, 218, 221
Russia 34, 35, 36, 76, 80, 217, 248
‘Russian saps’ 237
Russo-Japanese War (1904–1905) 170
Salisbury Plain 23
Saltinstall, Pte. G. H. 159
Sanders, Cpl. G. 140
Sanders, LCpl. W. 141–2
Sandys, Lt.-Col. E. T. Falkner 175–6
Sassoon, Philip 74
Sassoon, 2nd Lt. Siegfried 75–6, 77–8, 102, 109–11, 113, 117, 138
Sauer, Otto 105
Scarpe, Battle of the (1917) 238, 240–1
Scheytt, Uffz. Paul 130
Schwaben Redoubt 164–6, 196, 237
‘scorched earth’ policies 80
Seaforth Highlanders (5th Battalion) 51
Secret Intelligence Service 74
Senescall, Pte. W. 130
Serre 59, 95, 153, 159, 160–1, 196, 211–12, 231–2
Serre Memorial 207
Shea, Maj.-Gen. James ‘Jimmy’ 192
Sheffield, Gary 63
Sheffield Pals (11th Battalion) 160
Shephard, Sgt.-Maj. Ernest 142–4
Side, Corporal 142
Siepmann, Harry 211–12
Smalley, LCpl. C. 21
Smith, Maj. Richard Spencer 44–5
Smith, Pte. P. 203
Snow, Lt.-Gen. Sir Thomas D’Oyly ‘Snowball’ 154, 155
Soames, Lt. R. G. 130
Somerset Light Infantry (4th Division) 162, 113
Somme (river) 34, 41, 118, 153, 194
Souastre 110
South Staffordshire Regiment (7th Division) 106, 111
South Staffordshire Regiment (46th Division) 155
South Wales Borderers (2nd Battalion) 5, 10, 13, 21, 125, 136, 201, 215
Stahlgewittern (autobiography) 145–6
Station Road 5
Steele, Lt. Owen 9
Stuart-Wortley, Maj.-Gen. E. J. 154, 155, 237
‘Sunken Road’ 162
Sweeney, Pte. Daniel 184–5
Tactical Notes 60
Tagg, Pte. F. A. W. 163–4
tanks 29, 57, 66, 220, 242, 246
Taylor, Pte. C. F. 21
Terraine, John 103
The Battle of the Somme (film) 206
The Donkeys (book) 28
The Great War (TV series) 103
The Man I Knew (memoir) 197
The Normal Formation for the Attack (training pamphlet) 236
The World Crisis (book) 138
Thiepval 43–4, 61, 141, 154, 165, 166, 170–1, 196, 221
Training Divisions for Offensive Action (tactical instructions) 60
trench life (British) 46–7, 77–8
Trenchard, Maj.-Gen. Hugh ‘Boom’ 72
Turnbull, Sgt. James 140
Tyneside Irish (34th Division) 126–7, 178
Tyneside Scottish (34th Division) 125, 127, 178–83, 204
Ulster Division (36th) 67, 123, 164–9, 237
United States 224
Upton, Sgt. P. G. 190
Vallée Martin 129
VCs (Victoria Crosses) awarded 138–41, 166
Verdun Offensive (1916) 36, 38, 40–1, 66, 72–3, 103, 217, 224, 226–7, 247
Vignoles, Lt. Walter 176
Vuillemot, Gen. 194–5
War Memoirs (book) 245
White, Capt. J. V. 189
White, Lt. Malcolm 118–19
Whitlock, Lt. Albert 125
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 242
will writing 4–5
Williamson, Henry 132
Wills, Sgt.-Maj. C. 130
Wilson, Pipe Maj. John 178–9
Wood, Francis Derwent 58
Wrench, Pte. Arthur Edwin 51
Württemberger 26th Reserve Division (German) 78–9