17. The Rubicon File

0.     Dufresne, Morny, op. cit., p. 131.

0.     Charles de Flahaut to his daughter, Emily, Lady Shelburne, Paris, Saturday, Dec. 6, 1851, Guedalla, op. cit., p. 126. (Original letter in English.)

0.     Le Siècle, 15 oct. 1851.

0.     Caroline Elizabeth Norton’s major lifelong work lay in social legislation: The Custody of Infants Act, the Matrimonial Causes Act, and the Married Women’s Property Act.

0.     Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 68, quoting Maxime Du Camp in English.

0.     Dufresne, op. cit., pp. 139–140; Carmona, op. cit., pp. 181 ff.; Guedallla, op. cit., pp. 117 ff.; and Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, pp. 64 ff.

0.     Carmona, op. cit., p. 184.

0.     Frédéric Loliée, Frère d’Empereur, le Duc de Morny, et Société (Paris: Emile-Paul, 1909), p. 155.

0.     Carmona, op. cit., pp. 185–186.

0.   That Auguste de Morny, a notorious taskmaster, placed this nineteen-year-old Léopold Le Hon, and not the boy’s elder brother, in charge of this office at the Ministry of the Interior throughout the coup d’état, speaks for itself as to the extremely high regard in which he held Léopold, whom he had known since birth. He was half brother to Louise Le Hon, the natural daughter of Auguste and Fanny. There is a strong possibility that Morny was also Léopold’s father.

0.   See Alan Schom, Napoleon Bonaparte, A Biography (New York: HarperCollins, 1997), Ch. 34.

0.   Flahaut writing in English to Countess de Flahaut at their London town house, 19 Grosvenor Square, Telegramme, 7:02 a.m., Dec. 2, 1851, Min. of the Interior. South Eastern Electric Telegraph, 11:10 a.m. in Guedalla, op. cit., p. 119. In fact the electric telegraph between England and France had been inaugurated by South Eastern Railways just three weeks earlier. Sent in clear, Flahaut obviously intended them to reach Palmerston at the Foreign Office. See also, Carmona, op. cit., p. 187.

0.   Georges Haussmann, Mémoires (Paris: Victor-Havard, 1890), vol. I, pp. 476–477.

0.   Carmona, op. cit., p. 193; Bronne, op. cit., p. 148. Léopold, handwritten note to Fanny, Dec. 2, 1851.

0.   Flahaut to wife, Tuesday, Dec. 2, 1851, and again Wednesday morning, nine o’clock, Dec. 3, 1851, in Guedalla, op. cit., p. 120.

0.   Bronne, op. cit., pp. 148–149. Cavaignac was to have been married on the second, but was released on Morny’s personal orders, on condition that he leave France (with his fiancée) immediately.

0.   Louis Napoléon to General de Flahaut, Élysée Nationale, Dec. 2, 1851, Guedalla, op. cit., p. 118.

0.   Carmona, op. cit., pp. 190–191.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., v. III, p. 71.

0.   Flahaut to wife, Dec. 3, 1851, Guedalla, op. cit., p. 121.

0.   Carmona, op. cit., p. 191.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 82; Bronne, op. cit., pp. 150–153.

0.   General Magnan to Int. Min. Morny, in Bronne, op. cit., pp. 152–153; Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 82. There was a great deal of sharp rivalry between the prefect and the military governor. Prefect Maupas, although directly under Morny’s orders, did his best to undermine him now and in the future, as Léopold noted.

0.   Milza, op. cit., p. 260.

0.   Morny to Nadine Baroche, Dufresne, op. cit., p. 158.

0.   Carmona, op. cit., p. 193.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 83; Bronne, op. cit., p. 154.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 83; Bronne, p. 151.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 83.

0.   Jerrold, Ibid.

0.   Léopold to Fanny Le Hon, Dec. [?], 1851.

0.   Carmona refers to uprisings and riots in thirty-two departments. Horace de Viel-Castel, Mémoires sur le regne de Napoléon III, 1851–1864 (Paris: Guy Le Prat, [1942]), t. vol. I, p. 232.

0.   Bronne, op. cit., p. 154, Léopold to his mother, Dec. [?], 1851.

0.   Guedalla, op. cit., p. 125. Flahaut to wife, Dec. 5, 1851; Morny to Mme. Flahaut, Dec. 5, 1851; Flahaut to wife, Dec. 17, 1851—in Dufresne, op. cit., p. 158.

0.   Jerrold, op. cit., vol. III, p. 86.

0.   Prof. Louis Girard provides these figures, op. cit., p. 155; and Milza, op. cit., p. 267, as well as Carmona, op. cit., p. 186.

0.   André Maurois, Les Trois Dumas (Paris: Hachette, 1957), p. 261; Bronne, op. cit., pp. 160–162.

0.   Carmona, op. cit., p. 196.

0.   Guedalla, op. cit., p. 130, Count de Laubespring to Morny, lundi, 9 dec. 1851.