36. To Berlin!
1. Maxime Du Camp, Souvenirs, op. cit., vol. I, p. 297.
2. Milza, op. cit., p. 705. Eugénie to her mother, Aug. 1870, and Mathilde quote.
3. Milza, Ibid., p. 705.
4. Speech to the nation, July 19, 1870, Jerrold, op. cit., vol. IV, pp. 481–482.
5. Anceau, op. cit., pp. 474–476; Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 484 ff.
6. Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 483, 488, 490–491; quotes from Louis Napoléon’s postwar analysis of the campaign in his Oeuvres Posthumes de Napoléon III (Paris: Lachaud, 1873), Deuxième Partie, pp. 89 ff.
7. The French Model 1866, complete with six-foot-two-inch bayonet, fired a single 11-mm balle accurately up to 1,300 yards. The Prussians had their own needle gun, single-shot breech-loading rifle—the Dreyse M.41—but with less power and of shorter range. The French Model 1866 replaced the traditional Miniés muzzle-loaders. The French Reffye Mitrailleuse had twenty-five barrels firing 100 13-mm balles per minute. It weighed 1,760 pounds and required six horses to transport it. Roger Ford, The World’s Greatest Rifles (London: Brown Books, 1999), p. 23.
8. Jerrold, vol. IV, p. 477 (Sartpri, Invalides).
9. Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 477, 491; Napoleon III, Oeuvres Posthumes, pp. 89 ff.
10. Other newspapers calling for war included Le Soir, Le Rappel, La Libérté, and L’Opinion Nationale.
11. Du Camp, op. cit., vol. I, p. 295.
12. Du Camp, Ibid., vol. I, p. 293.
13. Yon, Offenbach, op. cit., p. 397. Gen. Boum, a character from The Grand Duchess of Gerolstein.
14. Emile Ollivier, L’Empire Libéral (Paris: Garnier Frères, 1907), vol. XV, p. 327; Napoléon III, Oeuvres Posthumes, p. 214.
15. Milza, op. cit., pp. 706–707; D. Steward, op. cit., p. 223; Louis Girard, op. cit., pp. 476–477; Anceau, op. cit., p. 512; Oeuvres Posthumes, pp. 115 ff.; Maurice Paléologue, Les entretiens l’Impératrice Eugénie (Paris: Plon, 1928), p. 209. List of battles and skirmishes of the Franco-Prussian War: Saarbrücken, Wissembourg, Forbach-Spicheren, Wörth, Bitche, Borny (Dombey), Mars-la-tour, Toul, St.-Privat-la-Montagne, Metz, Beaumont, Strasbourg, Noiville, Siège de Paris, Bellevue, Châteaudun, Dijon, Belfort, Coulmier, Beaune-la-Rolande, Champaigny, Orléans, Loigney, Longeau, Bapaume, Villersexel, Le Mans, Héricourt, Saint-Quentin, and Sedan.
16. Steward, op. cit., p. 225.
17. Palikao—the title received for defeating the Chinese near Peking in 1860; Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 501–502.
18. Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 503 and 506; Oeuvres Posthumes, op. cit.
19. See Bazaine’s Capitulation de Metz. Rapport Officiel du Maréchal Bazaine (Lyons: Lapierre-Brille, 1871). Bazaine claimed that by the time of the surrendering of Metz he had 63,000 able-bodied men, and another 20,000 wounded, whereas the official figures state 38,000 casualties and 142,000 POWs.
20. Jerrold, vol. IV, pp. 505–515, quotes Louis Napoléon’s personal report of this war. The full original version is found in Louis Napoléon’s Oeuvres Posthumes, op. cit.
21. For detailed histories of this war see: Quentin Barry, The Franco-Prussian War, 1870–1871, vol. I, The Conquest of Sedan, Helmuth von Moltke and the Overthrow of the Second Empire; and vol. II. After Sedan (London: Helion Co., 2007); Jean Delmas, L’Histoire militaire de la France, vol. II, 1715–1871 (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1995); Michael Howard, The Franco-Prussian War, The German Invasion of France, 1870 (London: Harte-Davies, 1960); and Geoffrey Wawro, The Franco-Prussian War, the German Conquest of 1870–1871 (Cambridge University Press, 2003).