Notes

The ‘Fitz’ prefix is the Norman derivation of the Latin ‘Filius’ meaning ‘son of’.

A miles (one of a number of milites) is a Norman horseman armoured similarly to a knight but not considered to be of the same noble rank.

The Ostmen (East Men) were made up of Fionngall (Fair Foreigners), presumed to be the descendants of the original Norse invaders who populated the cities of Dublin, Waterford, and Wexford (amongst others), and the Dubhgall (Dark Foreigners), who were Danes and arrived a century later following their conquests in northern England. The Danish Uí Ímair (the descendants of Ivarr) quickly became the ruling class in most of these settlements and founded the cities of Limerick and Cork.

Irish families were divided into clans (tuath) and septs (finte), thus Diarmait Mac Murchada was the King of the Uí Chennselaig (tuath – the descendants of Cennsalach) as well as the Meic Murchada (finte – the sons of Murchad)