General Index

Aarne-Thompson, classification of folk tales, 10

Above the line/below the line, in stories, 122–125, 225–226, 239, 250, 273–274

as reflection of psychic split in humanity; 556

as key to political conflict, 573 et seq.

and persona, 586

and consciousness, 596–597

and ‘Christ myth’, 616, 618

and Christianity, 621

and industrial revolution, 641, 658, 659fn

in Communism, 665

in post-9/11 world, 696–697

‘Active’ heroine, 205–206

Adam and Eve, 546–548, 598

Aeschylus, 6, 187–189

Agon (conflict), 108

Ahab, Captain, as Self-violating hero, 86, 359–364

Almaviva, Count, as ‘dark paterfamilias’, 107, 125–129, 271

America, and ego-consciousness, 377–379

stories rarely show full Self-realisation, 383; 661, 666–667, 669–670, 672–674, 677–678, 682–683, 695–696

Amis, Kingsley, 673

Anagnorisis, 109, 147

Anatomy of Criticism, 10

Ancestors, importance of as link to Self, 598

Andersen, Hans, 51, 57–58, 196, 234

Andromeda, as anima, 24, 28

Andvari, 648fn

Anima, 77–78, 178, 259

defined as archetype, 297–300

distinguished from personal anima, 299–300; 304, 306, 321, 331–332, 334

infantile and elusive, 335–336; 337, 338; 340–341

infantile 351 and ‘Dark Mother’, 374

in Catcher in the Rye, 394

in Pinfold, 395

in Hardy, 419, 421, 428

Gatsby, 440

Proust, 435–437

Close Encounters, 447

Superman, 459

Andromeda as, 603

Helen of Troy as, 606

as ‘wisdom’, 613, 621–622

elusive (Lara), 684; 686

Anima, violation of, 340, 385–386, 401 et seq., 416, 455 et seq., 460–463

in stories of 19th century, 463

in Psycho, 472, 478–481, 489; 649, 652, 655–656, 657. See also ‘persecuted maiden’

Animus, defined as archetype, 300–301

in folk tales, 307–308, dark, 342

negative, 491, 688

‘Angry Young Men’, 673

Anstey, F., 94

Antonioni, Michelangelo, 676

Aphrodite, goddess of love, 247, 602–603, 606

Apollo, 23, 569, 602fn, 605

Apuleius, 87, 95, 100

Arabian Nights, Tales of the, 60fn

Archetypes, 12, 297 et seq.

splitting of, 302

cannot be cheated, 354

stories as reflections of, 553–554

as patterns for life, 561 et seq.

shaping politics, 574–575

Archetype, change of prevailing: in World War Two, 667–671

in mid-1950s, 672 et seq.

Archetypal family drama, 278 et seq., 289 et seq., summing up, 292–293; 556–557

Architecture, as expression of Self, 639

Ariadne, as anima, 24, 80, 247

Ariel, as ‘trickster’, 309, 323–324, 604

Aristophanes, 108–109, 138, 255, 290–291, 688, 691

Aristotle, 18, 109, 187, 255, 329

Arnold, Matthew, 413, 657

Ars Poetica (Horace), 455–456

Art, as means to ego-transcendence, 639

Arthur, King, death of, 628

Aslan, 298

Athene, goddess of wisdom, 78, 188, 249, 284, 298, 299, 603–607, 612

Atman (as Self), 610

Atomic bomb. See nuclear weapons

Augustus, Emperor, 615

Austen, Jane, 108, 133–135, 138, 295

Averroes, 629

‘Axiom of Maria’, 229

Baal (Bel), 505–506, 610

Babylon, 506, 547

Balance of masculine and feminine, 267 et seq., 300, 331–332, 367

Bach, J. S., 654, 639

Balzac, Honore, 656

Barrie, J. M., 88, 567

Bastian, Adolf, 11

Beatrice, as anima, 631–632

Beatles, the, 676–677, 681

Beaumarchais, Pierre, 125

Beckett, Samuel, 423, 425, 443–446, 491, 501

Beckford, Thomas, 655

Beethoven, Ludwig, 205–206, 253, 305f, 460, 552, 653–654

‘Beginning, middle and end’, in stories, 18, 187, 218–219

Benchley, Peter, 2

Benjamin, ‘little’, 304–305, 612

Beowulf, death of, 624, 628

Berlioz, Hector, 654

Bettelheim, Eric, 11

Big Bang Theory (as modern creation myth), 545

Biographia Literaria, 650

Bizet, Georges, 159, 407

Blair, Tony, as ‘mother’s boy’, 689

compared with Sancho Panza, 696

Bleek, Dr Willem, 287

‘Blitz, spirit of the’, 667–669

Boethius, 297, 622

Bond, Edward, 476–478, 491

Bond, James, 6, 21–22, 220, 244, 245, 260, 380–381, 473, 476, 676

Boorstin, Daniel, 682

Boswell, James, 1, 8

‘Boy hero who cannot grow up’, 293, 304fn, 341, 381

Proust, 432–438. See also Puer Aeternus

Brahms, Johannes, 654, 660

Braine, John, 673

Brando, Marlon, 448, 484, 673

Brand, Kaziemerz, 345

Brer Rabbit, 175

Brinton, Crane, 578–580

Bronte, Charlotte, 63

Bruckner, Anton, 660

Brunhoff, Jean de, 84

Buchan, John, 38, 317fn

Buddha, as personification of Self, 610

Bukovsky, Vladimir, 683

Bush, President George, 584–585, 689

Bush, President George W., 695–696 (compared with Don Quixote)

Bushmen (San), and stories, 287–288

and link to Self through ancestors, 598fn

Cage, John, 445

Campbell, Joseph, 13

advising on Star Wars, 382

Camus, Albert, 46, 441–442

Canetti, Elias, 542

Capra, Frank, 199fn

Carroll, Lewis, 88, 567

Casaubon, Mr, 9, 136, 255, 295

‘Catastrophe’ (down-stroke), 18

Catharsis, 607

Cathedrals, Gothic, 627, 634, 639

Cave paintings (Palaeolithic), 593

Celebrity, cult of, 682

‘Central crisis’, 57–60, 61–62, 66, 243, 605

Cervantes, Miguel de, 322

Chandler, Raymond, 508

Chaplin, Charlie, 2, 373–374

Chekhov, Anton, vanishing of Self in plays of, 423, 426–432, 438, 465, 597, 660

Chesterton, G. K., 508

Cheyenne Indians, story of, 561–562

Child, (archetype), 303–305, 306, 596

Children, introduction of stories to, 216–218, 562

Chinese mythology, 608–609

Christ, in Dostoievsky 499fn

as symbol of Self, 633, 616–621

‘myth’ of, 616–617, 619–621

Christianity: moves ‘above the line’, 622 et seq.

and view of death, 624–625

decline of, 692

Christie, Agatha, 508, 514–515

Churchill, Winston, 580, 667 et seq., 670, 681

City, as symbol of Self, 52, 132, 306, 353, 429, 596–597, 662

‘City of Destruction’, 73

Clark, Kenneth, 399, 634

Classic Studies In American Literature, 383

Cleland, John, 456

Clinton, Bill, 689

Clouzot, Georges, 379

Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, on the ‘three most perfect plots ever planned’, 133

on ‘fancy and imagination’, 650–651. See also Ancient Mariner

Collins, Wilkie, 505, 508

Comedy, 107–152

origins of, 108

becomes love story, 111

first summary of plot, 116–117

splits into two types of story, 142 et seq., 387–388, 657

and humour, 143

summing up, 150–152; 224; ‘dark’ comedy, 152, 212–213, 401–408, 418–419; 253–257, 290 et seq., 352

sentimental version, 396–398

spirit at end of, 398

and persona, 586–589

and The Simpsons, 691–692

Communism, and ‘Dark Self’, 502–504, 581–582, 662, 664, 670, 683–686

Colour, archetypal basis of our associations with, 576fn

Columbus, Christopher, 590

Computer games, 693

Consciousness, in animals, 548

disintegrated in humans, 558–561

ruling, split off from Self, 589–591

sky gods represent projection of, 596

at odds with nature, 599

Constantine, 622, 632

Constriction and release, in our experience of stories, 49–50, 66, 85–86

Cooke, Alistair, 374

Cooper, Gary, 36, 670

Coronation (1953), 671–672

Coward, Noel, 103fn, 148, 372, 662, 668

Creation myths (three types of), 544–546

Cross, as symbol of totality, 621

Dante, Alighieri, 235fn, 298, 390, 460

and Divine Comedy, 628–632, 634, 698

Dark Alter-ego, 244, 280, 336

Dark Father, 21, 241–242, 244, 247–248, 251, 255, 258, 277–278, 299–300, 288, 290–293, 301, 306, 325, 331, 340

Dark feminine, 248, 270–272, 280, 334

‘Dark figures’ in stories, 1, 119–120, 128–129, 198

‘Dark inversion’, 258–260, 286, 331–332, 341, 352, 354–357, 362, 364, 371–372, 457–458, 478, 480–481, 488–489, and politics, 577

and Romanticism, 648, 657

in Communism, 665

and Nazism, 666

in Western societies, 686

Dark masculine, 246, 250, 255, 269–271, 280, 282, 293, 325–326

Dark Mother, 241–242, 244, 248, 255–256, 277–281, 288, 291, 301, 306, 313, 323, 325–327, 331, 336, 351, 389, 405, 407, 427–428, 433

Darkness and light, disappearance of distinction between, 438, 480

Dark Other Half, 248, 259, 264, 280, 282

Dark Queen, 248, 251, 279–280, 282

Dark Rivals, 241–242, 244, 256, 276, 280, 303

Dark Self, 341–342, 494, 498, 499–503

in totalitarianism, 501–503

Dark versions of stories, 66–68, 258

Rags to Riches, 35-4, 368–372

Overcoming the Monster, 354–358, 377–379

Quest, 86, 358–364

and lesser dark version, 368; 558. See also under Comedy

Darwin, Charles, 657

Dean, James, 673

Death, existence after, 597–598, 599–601, 625–627, 628

Death of central figure in old age, very rare in stories, 524, 624

Defoe, Daniel, 46, 90

Delphi, 329, 569

‘Denouement’ (unknotting), 18

Descartes, 637

Desert island stories, 90

Detective stories, 505

origins of, 505–509

analysed, 511–515

Dickens, Charles, 36, 53–54, 198–199, 289, 463, 508, 655

Devil (Christian), as personification of ego, 617, 630

Diocletian, 622

Dionysus, 611

Disney, Walt, 177fn, 285

Divided self, 163, 173–180

Donizetti, Gaetano, 401, 418, 656

Donne, John, 635–636

Donnngton, Robert, 406, 407

Dostoievsky, Fyodor, 168–172, 512, 515fn, 653, 655, 664

Dover Beach, On, 413

Doyle, Conan, 37, 92, 347, 505, 508, 511–515

Dreams, shaped by unconscious, 543

Dukas, Paul, 177fn

Easter, symbolism of, 623fn

Ego: ring as symbol of 319–320, 404–406

and Romanticism, 347 et seq. and 652 et seq.

and Comedy, 397; 423, re-emergence of in 1950s, 672 et seq.

Ego complex, need to develop, 563

Ego consciousness, 252, 330

Ego instincts, 549

Ego/Self confusion, 252, 341–342, 502–503, 586

Ego/Self split, 558, 616–617, 636–637, 643

means to reconcile, 566, 567, 598, 626, 632

Egotism; monster as personification of, 219, 555

distorted vision of, 254, 258–259

Egyptians, ancient, 594–596

Einstein, Albert, 659

Eisenstein, Sergei, 669fn

Eliot, George, 9, 36, 202–203, 655

Eliot, T. S., 671

Endings, 18, 56, 63, 66, 105–106, 138, 151–152, 153–154, 175 et seq., 239–240

ingredients in happy, 272–275

English Civil War, and fantasy cycle, 579–580

Enlightenment, world view of, 638–639

Environmentalism, as ego/Self confusion, 679–680, 697fn

Epimetheus, 546–547

‘Escapism’, 3fn

Eternal Child, 304

‘Eternal feminine’, 298–299, 607

Eternal life, ideas of, 600–601

Eternity, as aspect of Self, 610, 620, 626, 634

Euripides, 109

‘Evil angel’ 174, 334

Evolution, 648

Evolutionary purpose of storytelling, 543 et seq.

Fairy godmother, 302–303

Falklands War, 584

Fallen angels, 383fn

Fall myths, 546–548

False wooer, 280, 282

Fantasy, 175–176

nature of, 460–463

as defying Self, 494

as different from imagination, 648, 650–652

sentimentality inseparable from, 650–652

‘Fantasy cycle’, five stages of, 4, 38–39, 40–41, 153–157 et seq.; 389; 400

in Hardy, 421

in Hamlet, 531 et seq.

in history, 577 et seq.

in politics, 580fn

and Hitler, 580–581, 665–666; 669

and pop music of 1960s, 677fn

Fantasy self, 385–386

‘Fatal flaw’ (hamartia), 329–330, 339

Father archetype, 301–302, 554

Father Christmas, 84, 391, 554, 566

Father/daughter relationship, 295, 298–299

Father, values of’, 575–576

give way to ‘values of Mother’ post-1950s, 681

Female Eunuch, The, 688fn

Feminine functions, 560

Feminine value, defined, 256–258; 262 et seq.; 267 et seq.; 298–299

importance of to Greeks, 607

contrasted with lack of in Judaism, 612

central to message of Jesus, 618, 622

Feminisation of men, 661, 687–689

Feydeau, Georges, 396

Fiedler, Leslie, 13, 358–359

Fielding, Henry, 131–132, 138

First World War, 660–661

Fitzgerald, Scott, 92, 378, 383, 425, 440–441, 661–663

Fleming, Ian, 38, 380–381, 410–412, 475fn

Flaubert, Gustave, 153

Folk tales, 9–10

value of, 640

Fool (in Lear), 72

Foot, Michael, 474

Foreman, Carl, 36

Forsyth, Frederick, 388

Four, as number of totality, 234–235, 282–283, 262, 265, 300–301, 621fn, 701

Four basic characters at heart of storytelling, 279–283

in Magic Flute, 324–327

Four psychic functions, and Jung, 558

in perfect balance in Christ-figure, 618–619

‘Four letter words’, 468, 471, 478fn

Fowles, John, 253

Franz, Marie-Louise von, 12

Frazer, Sir James, 9

French Revolution, 8

and fantasy cycle, 578–579; 641–643

Freud, Sigmund, 11, 464, 553

and Jack and the Beanstalk, 571–573; 658, 663

Frisch, Max, 682fn

Frost, Robert, 543, 698

Frye, Northrop, 10

Gallico, Paul, 190

Galadriel, as Anima, 78, 317

Galileo, 580

Gallico, Paul, 668

Galsworthy, John, 691fn

Games, as sublimation of ego, 532

Gandalf, as Wise Old Man, 69, 78, 297–298, 302, 317–321

Garland, Judy, 667

Genies, 61–63

Genesis, 358, 389, 544

Gesta Danorum, 529

Ghost stories, 26–27, 508–509

ghosts of Christmas, 198–199

as Trickster, 309

Giants, 22–23, 32, 646

Giles’s ‘Granny’, 290fn

Gilbert W. S., 34, 657fn

and Sullivan, 140, 396

Ginsburg, Eugenia, 685–686

Giotto, 633

Gittings, Robert, 414, 417

God, as projection of ‘Father’ archetype, 612–613

Godard, Jean-Luc, 675

God representing four-sided totality, 619

Gods: Mesopotamian 595fn, 599–601

Egyptian, 596

Greek, 601–608

merging into ‘One’, 608 et seq.

Norse and Teutonic, 623 and fn, 645–648

‘God who dies and is reborn’, 9, 596, 611, 619–620

Goethe, Wolfgang von, 9, 183, 463, 650

Golden Bough, The, 9

Golden Fleece, as symbol of Self, 69, 306

Golding, William, 90

Gollum, 317

‘Good angel’, 174, 206, 213, 300, 334

‘Good old man’, 258–259, 332, 356

Gothic architecture, revival of, 654–655

Gothic novels, craze for, 649–652, 656

Gozzi, Carlo, 9

Grail, Holy, as symbol of Self, 69

Grant, Cary, 372, 670

Greece, ancient: mythology, 23–24

comedy, 108

tragedy, 187; 329–330

gods, symbolism of, 601–608

philosophers of, 610–611

Greene, Graham, 94, 671

and fn Greer, Germaine, 688fn

Grimm, Jacob and Wilhelm, 10, 233

Group (or collective) fantasies, 664–667, 673–674

Gulf Wars: (1991) 584; (2003), 8, 585, 695–696

Hades, 602, 625

Haggard, Rider, 69

Haley, Bill, and the Comets, 673

Hamartia (fatal flaw/missing the mark), 329–330, 618

Hardy, Thomas, 413–423, 657

Hartland, E. S., 21

Hartley, L. P., 93

Haydn, Josef, 460, 544, 639, 653

Hazlitt, William, on Shakespeare, 637fn; 642–643

Heaven, idea of as projection of consciousness, 594–595

Chinese version of, 608–609

Greek view of, 602

Dante’s version, 631–632

Helen of Troy: as ‘Temptress’, 334

as anima, 334

Hell, derivation of, 645

Helpers (in Quest), 77–78

‘Helpful animals’, 220, 243, 307–308

Hepburn, Audrey, 104–105fn, 670

Heraclitus, 610 and fn

Hermes, 75, 602–604, nature of, 604

Hero, aspects of, 246, 282–283, 303

Herodotus, 597

Hero/heroine, derivation of, 702

Heroine, aspects of, 246–247, 292–293

as ‘hero’, 481

Heroine, ‘active’, 119, 129, 205–206, 246–247, 258, 265, 271, 337

Heroine, ‘passive’, 119, 129, 269–270

Hesiod, 607–608

Hieros gamos, 597fn

Hiroshima, 669

Hitler, Adolf, 34, and fantasy cycle, 580–582; 665–669

Hodgson Burnet, Frances, 207

Hoffmann, E. T. A., 507

Holdfast, one of three aspects of monster, 32, 182, 330

Hollywood, as dream factory, 372–373; 661

values of change in Second World War, 667 et seq.

Holmes, Sherlock, 6, 17, 37–38, 347, 505, 508, 511–514

Holroyd, Michael, 376fn

Homer, 2, 70, 250, 466–467fn, 606–607

Horace, 455–456

Hubris, 174fn, 525, 569

Humboldt, Alexander von, 699

Humour, as device to defuse egotism, 144

Hunter-gatherers, psychological integration of, 559

Hussein, Saddam, as ‘monster’, 584

Huxley, Aldous, 495, 497–499

Ibsen, Henrik, 208

Identity, discovery of true, 111, 113, 117, 129, 131, 274

Imagination, 3

as distinct from fantasy, 648, 650–651

Immortality, 599–601

India, mythology of 608–609, 625–626

‘Innocent Young Girl’, 177–178, 259, 332

‘Inferior realm’, 123–125

Interpretation of Dreams, The, 658

Ishtar, as ‘Dark Mother’, 599

Isis, as anima, 95, 100, 252, 596

Islam, rise of, 622–623

Instinct, man’s partial separation from frame of, 547–551

animals in harmony with, 548–549

Integration, psychic, 559–561

Jackson, Peter, 316, 694

James, Henry, 383

James, M. R., 26–27, 508–509, 658

Jay, Antony (and Jonathan Lynn), 144

Jazz, 659

‘Jazz Age’, 661

Jeeves, 72, 146–147, 587

Jenkins, Roy, 470

Johnson, Dr Samuel, 1, 8, 91fn, 638

Jones, Dr Ernest, 11

Jonson, Ben, 117–118

Joyce, James, 463–466, 662

Judaism, 611–613

and masculine value 612–613

Jung, Carl Gustav, 12, 237, 297 et seq.; 385, 406, 464, 553–554, 558fn, 571

Jupiter, 222, 614

Justinian, 614

Kafka, Franz, 51, 99fn, 393–394, 593, 638

Kane, Sarah, 490–491

Kelly, Grace, 36, 148, 670

Kennedy, John F., 474, 676, 695

Kenneally, Thomas, 582fn

Kerouac, Jack, 674

King, sick, 312

‘Kingdom’, as symbol of Self, 23, 56, 82–83, 218, 220–221, 243, 251, 270, 273–274

usurped, 315, 320

Kneale, Nigel, 41–42

Kramer, Stanley, 142fn

Kubrick, Stanley, 481

Labyrinth, as symbol of ordering function of mind, 24, 247, 270, 295

Lang, Fritz, 663

Lao Tsu, 609, 619, 650

Laurel and Hardy, 112, 144, 145, 397

Layard, Henry Austen, 21

Lawrence, D. H., 383, 465, 467–470, 662–663

Le Corbusier, 662, 663

Left-wing fantasy, 666

Lenin, 579–580, 659, 661–665

Leonore, as ‘active heroine’, 281, 299

Lewis, C. S., 88

Lewis, H. G., 650

Lean, David, 103fn

Leonardo da Vinci, 634

Light, creation of, 545

Light alter-ego, 259, 303, 309, 332, 333, 337, 356, 385

‘Light family’, 300–302

Light Father, 301–302, 337

Light feminine, 129, 269, 292, 332, 334

violated, 460

in Oedipus plays, 525–529

Light masculine, 301–302

Light Mother, 293, 302–303

Light Other Half, 300–301

Loki, as personification of ego-consciousness, 646–648, 661, 669, 697

London, as symbol of Self, 419

Lonely Crowd, The, 674

Long, Huey, 575

Loren, Sophia, 670

Love, permutations on in Comedy, 116

Lucas, George, 42, 45, 381–382

Lucian, 177fn

Machine, psychological impact of, 640–641, 654

MacInnes, Colin, 674

Maclean, Alistair, 35

Macmillan, Harold, 675–676

Mailer, Norman, 383, 676

Mann, Thomas, 653–654

Marlowe, Christopher, 329

Marx Brothers, 6, 144–145, 255, 397

Marxism: and Jack and the Beanstalk, 571–573; 577

as projection of Self, 658, 661, 664, 671

Masculine value, 129, 245–246, defined, 259–262

Masaccio, 634

Masculine and feminine, 267 et seq.

as defining component in stories, 555–556, 560, 574

and left and right in politics, 575–577

Masturbation, and ego, 466, 479

andfn, 490–491

Maturity, as aspect of Self, 220, 298, 314–315, 322–325, 326–327, 330, 347, 599–601, 624

Maugham, Somerset, 353

Maupassant, Guy de, 369–370

Maya (illusion resulting from interplay of opposites), 610

McLuhan, Marshall, 692

‘Me Decade, The’, 682

Mediaeval world image, 629, 633–634

disintegration of, 634–636; 641, 655

Medusa, as ‘dark feminine’, 23–24, 244

Melville, Herman, 358–364, 657

Men, feminisation of in 20th c., 661, 687–688

Menander, 111, 121–122, 149, 139, 168, 256

Merimee, Prosper, 159, 407

Merlin, as ‘wise old man’, 288, 297, 299

Mesopotamia, 21, 595, first cities of, 597

first story recorded from, 598–601

monotheism in, 610

‘wise men’, 616

Metric system, 641–642

Michelangelo, 634

Middle Ages, 627–634, nostalgia for in 19th c., 654–655

‘Middle Comedies’ (of Shakespeare), 118–120

Middle Earth (Midgard), 645

Milton, John, 649

Minotaur, as symbol of egocentric strength, 24, 35, 244–245, 247, 270, 277

Mitchell, Margaret, 104

Moliere, 112, 122–123, 125, 131, 255, 281

Monotheism, emergence of, 608 et seq.

and Judaism, 611–613

Monroe, Marilyn, 2, 372, 670

Monster 10, 22–23, OED definition, 31

attributes of, 31–33

three roles of, 32

slain from within, 48; 73–74

similar to tragic hero, 180

derivation, 219–220; 244–245

and blind spot, 246; 269–270

as personification of egotism, 555

reappearance of in storytelling at end of 19th c., 26–29, 658

Monteverdi, 649

Moon, as symbol of Self (1969), 679

More, Thomas, 90

Moriarty, as ‘monster’, 37–38, 244

Moses, 70, 72, 78, 80, 389

Mother, archetype, 302–303, 553–554

in post-1960s Western society, 680 et seq.

‘Mother complex’, and Proust, 432

Stendhal, 351

Bizet, 407

Ian Fleming, 412

Mother goddess, 595

Mother Nature, 325, 327fn, 599

Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus, and Marriage of Figaro, 125–129; 138, 291fn

and Magic Flute, 324–327

and Amadeus, 387–388; 400, 638, 639, 653, 657

Muggeridge, Malcolm, 455

Muller, Max, 10

Mumford, Lewis, 596–597

Music, as expression of Self, 639, 653–654

as expression of ego, 653–654, 672 et seq.

Mystery, The, plot, 505–515

Myths, Greek, psychological nature of, 601–608

Nabokov, Vladimir, 4, 154, 471

Napoleon, 137, 244, 347, 348, 364

and fantasy cycle, 579; 642

as ‘dream figure’, 652–653

Nature, mankind stepping outside frame of, 547

Nazis, as archetypal monster, 34–35

and Dark Self, 502; 580–582; 665–667

Nemesis, derivation, 329, 569

’New Comedy’, 110–112, 121–122, 255, 256, 291

‘News’, as stories, 693

New Stone Age (Neolithic), and sky gods, 594

Newton, Isaac, 637–638

New York, as symbol of Self, 377–379, 429

Nietzche, Friedrich, 657

Niniveh, 21, 597

Nixon, President Richard, 578

Noah, 600

Norse myths, 25, 101, 545, 645–648

Nouvelle vague, 675

Novel, the, evolves out of Comedy, 112, 132–133

Nuclear weapons, 658, 659, 669–670, 676

Numbers, archetypal symbolism of, 229–235, 282

Nyktomorphs, defined, 461–462

and Romanticism, 651–652

Obi Wan Kenobi, as Wise Old Man, 43–44, 78, 297, 302, 382

Obscenity, 455–456

‘Obscured heroine’, 117–122, 129

Obsession, as aspect of fantasy, 336

Odin, 646

Odysseus (see also Odyssey in Index of Stories Cited): 260, 270, 272, 299, 314

Aragorn compared with, 321

‘Oedipal triangle’, 11, 121

and Hamlet, 523

Offenbach, Georges, 140

Old Stone Age (Palaeolithic) images produced by, 593–595

Olivier, Laurence, 477–478, 669

Olympus, 602, 606

‘One’: rebellion against the, as plot, 495–493

idea of, as single ‘God’, 608 et seq., 611f, 620, 621

merging into, 632

Opera, 19th c., 401–408. See also Mozart, Beethoven

Operetta, 140–141, 657

‘Once upon a time’, as device for starting story, 17

Oppenheim, Robert J., 670fn

Opposites, 76, 232–233, 249, 330

need to see world in terms of, 568

balance of, 609–610, 611

Ordering function of brain, 465, 558–560

Ordering instincts, 549

Orphan, hero or heroine as, 277–278, 289–290

Orpheus 629

Orton, Joe, 475

Orwell, George, 6, 317, 390, 499–503, 664, 683

Osama bin Laden, 585, 695

Osborne, John, 149, 476, 673

Osiris, 596

‘Other directedness’, 674–675

Overcoming the Monster, as archetype, 21–50, summing up, 48; 244–247

in history, 581–582, projection of, 583–585

Second World War seen as, 668

Ovid, 448

Painting: as expression of Self, 633–634, 639

reflects disintegration of Self, 659

Palestinians, ‘below the line’, 696–697

Pandora, 546–548

‘Parable of Cave’ 8

Paradise, 546

Paris, as symbol of Self, 353, 429

Pasternak, Boris, 683–685

Peckinpah, Sam, 483

Pearl Harbour, 669

Perdita, as anima, 121, 296

Persona, 240, 335

in Hamlet, 536–537; 586–588, 618

‘Persecuted maiden’, 386, 401, 416, 463, 649, 656

Petrarch, 582

Picasso, 659

Piero della Francesca, 634

Pirandello, Luigi, 423, 439–440

Planets, named after characters in stories, 6

Plato, 8, 574–575, 629, 634, 672 and fn, 689fn, 699–700

Plautus, 110, 112, 114

Plot, collapse of in 1960s, 481fn

Poe, Edgar Allan, 46, 505, 506–508

Polanksi, Roman, 678

Political correctness, as ego/Self confusion, 689–690

Politics, archetypes governing, 574

Polti, George, 9fn

Polyphemus, as ‘monster’, 73, 247, 249, 604

Pornography, 456 et seq.

Poseidon, as ‘Dark Father’, 24, 78, 247, 284, 602–603, 614

Powell, Anthony, 691

Praz, Mario, 386

Predator, as aspect of monster, 32, 333

Presley, Elvis, 673, 678, 681

‘Prince’, as hero/animus, 282, 300

‘Princess’, as heroine/anima, 282, 291fn, 313–315, 323

Progress, religion of, 641, 654

Projection (outwards of what belongs within), 321–322, 367, 370, 582 et seq.

Prometheus, 546–548, 648

Prospero, as Wise Old Man, 297, 299, 322–324, 522, 540

Protagoras, 634

Proust, Marcel, 423, 425, 432–438, 464, 660, 704

‘Pseudo Endings’, the three, 438–441

Psychological types, as consequence of disintegrated consciousness, 558–559

Puck, as trickster, 257, 309

Puer aeternus, 304fn, 381, 554, 565, 681. See also ‘Boy hero who cannot grow up’

Prison camp stories, 34, 70, 85fn

Pyramids, symbolism of, 594

Pythagoras, 610, 625

Quest, as archetype, 69–86

summing up, 83

compared with Voyage and Return, 95; 131, 212, final ordeals, 221–222; 247–250

dark and sentimental versions, 358–364, 385–392

Queen of the Night, as ‘light’ and ‘dark feminine’, 324–327

Radcliffe, Anne, 650

Ragnarok, 406

Rags To Riches, as archetype, 51–68

summing up, 65–66, 211–212

dark figures in, 241–243; 289–290

as reflecting ‘stages of life’, 563–565

projected outwards, 585

Rattigan, Terence, 671

Ravel, Maurice, Bolero as fantasy cycle, 663fn

Reagan, Ronald, 689

Rebellions, shaped by fantasy cycle, 578

Rebirth, as archetype, 193–213, summing up, 203–205

analysis of, 260–265; 296

dark and sentimental versions, 410–412; 567, projection of, 585–586

‘Recognition’ (anagnorisis), 109, 116–117, 239, 255

Reformation, 635

Religion, shaped round stories, 593 et seq.

Renaissance, psychology of, 634–636

Resolution, need of stories to achieve, 254

Revolutions, shaped by fantasy cycle, 577, 578–580

Republic, The (Plato), 574–575, 672fn, 689fn

Richardson, Samuel, 385–386, 649

Riesman, David, 674

Right and left in politics, based on archetypes, 575–577

Right wing fantasy, 666

Ring, as symbol of ego, 319–320, 404-6, 648fn

Robespierre, 579

Rock ’n’ roll, coming of heralds change of prevailing archetype, 673

Rodgers and Hammerstein, 142, 206, 670

Roman empire, psychology of, 614–615

and masculine value, 614

decline of, 622

Romantic Agony, The, 386

Romanticism, 8, 347 et seq., 400–401, 425, 443, 463, 495, 639–643, 648–658

and cult of sensation, 651–652

Romberg, Sigmund, 104fn

Roosevelt, Franklin D., 669

Rossini, Gioacchino, 139, 291fn, 653

Rowling J.K., 319–320fn, 693

Rudkin, David, 475

Rule of three (archetypal number), 229–235

four forms of taken in stories, 231; 333, 312–315, 333, 356

and Moby Dick, 359–364

and Oedipus, 523

transcending opposites, 529

in Christ story, 620fn; 624

in Dante, 629–632

Ruling consciousness, 589–591

and Christ, 629

Russian Revolution, 579–580, 661

Sade, Marquis de, 6, 386, 457–460, 650

Sakharov, Andre, 503

Salinger, J. D., 347, 383, 394–395, 567, 638

Salk, Jonas, 345

Sarastro, as wise old man, 297, 302

Satan, as personification of ego-consciousness, 617, 625

Saturn, 647

Saxo Grammaticus, 101, 529

Sayers, Dorothy, 508

Scapegoat, 191, 620–621

Schiller, 9fn

Schulberg, Budd, 67–68, 370–371

Schubert, Franz, 639, 653, 654

Schwarzenegger, Arnold, 491–493

Science fiction, 28, 39–45

as ‘myth’, 449fn

Scott, Paul, 253

Scott, Walter, 401, 654

Scrooge, as ‘monster’, 198–199, 263, 304

Second half of life, 565–566, 599

Second World War, 85, 190–191, 316fn, 380, 667 et seq.

‘Seeing whole’, 223–224, 243, 252–254 et seq., 262, 264–265, 298

Selby, Hubert, 475

Self, archetype, 305–307, 321

magic flute as symbol of, 325

violation of, 387–388, 458–463, 466fn

failure of American storytellers to realise, 383; 396

humanity losing contact with in 19th c., 423

in Chekhov 427, 431–432, 444–445, 456

‘inferior’ form of, 444–445

E.T. as symbol of, 452

return of, 493

Self-realisation as defining component of stories, 557–558; 561, 563–565

symbolism of in religion, 594, 610

Christ as personification of, 616–621

Renaissance image of, 634, 636

violation of in Romanticism, 652, 656, 659

projection of in Socialism, 658

in Utopianism, 662

sentimentalisation of in 19th c., 654–655

re-emerges as dominant archetype in Second World War, 667 et seq.

re-emerges in Communist empire, 685–686

violation of in 1960s, 671fn, 677

Senex archetype, 290fn, 528

Sensation, cult of, 460–463

Sensation function, 559

‘Sensation novel’, craze for in 1860s, 656–657

Sentimentality, defined 368, 372

and Romanticism, 648, 652–654

Seven, as archetypal number, 235fn

Sex, change of attitudes to in 1950s and 1960s, 470–472 et seq.

‘Sex and violence’, 425, 455–494, 676–677, 686 et seq.

Shadow, as product of egotism, 175, 177–178, 241, 356

Shaffer, Peter, 387

Shakespeare, William, 2, 4, 8, 13, 14, 69, 90, 107

and Comedy, 113–124; 131, 138

and Tragedy, 184–185; 267, 305fn, 311, 322–324, 397, 399, 431, 475fn, 477, 489–490, 499, 517, 529 et seq., 539–540

world-view of, 636–637, 638; 650, 688

Shaw, George Bernard, 26fn, 53, 375–376, 576

Shelley, Mary, 26, 354, 652

Shelley, Percy Bysshe, 354

self-destructiveness of 357–358; 651

Sheridan, Thomas, 124–125

Sibyl, as Anima, 76–77, 298

Sin, as expression of ego, 618, 620

Sky gods, 594–595, 602–603

Socialist Realism, 665

Solzhenitsyn, Alexander, 293, 503, 682, 685–686

Sonata form, 653

Sophia, as anima, 297

Sophocles, 133, 517–529, 539–540

Soul, as living on after death, 625

Spielberg, Steven, 1, 35, 347, 388, 446, 450, 582

Sport, as sublimation of ego, 552

Stages of life, stories as reflecting, 563–566

Stalin, 376, 499, 580, 664, 665, 669, 683

Steiner, George, 593

Stendhal, 67, 348–351, 407

hero-worships Napoleon, 653

and Rossini, 653; 656

Stevenson, R. L., 69, 154, 385, 392

Stewart, James, 199fn, 510, 670

Stoker, Bram, 27–28

Stonehenge, symbolism of, 594 and fn

Stories, theories to account for, 10–11

change in past 200 years, 347 et seq.

as product of evolution, 553 et seq.

Strauss, Johann, 140, 396

Strauss, Richard, 139–140, 256, 294

Stravinsky, Igor, 660

Succession of one generation to another, 278 et seq., 282 et seq., 289 et seq.

in Magic Flute, 324–327; 330

Surtur, 647

Swastika, as dark inversion, 621fn

Swift, Jonathan, 90

‘Swinging London’, 676–677

Tao, 609, 619

Tate, Nahum, 638

Technological innovations as psychologically destabilising, 659, 661, 672, 673–675, 679, 681, 692fn

Teiresias, as ‘wise old man’, 77, 297, 518, 521–522, 528, 605

Terence, 111

Temptations, 74–75, 173 et seq.

Tempter, as combination of ‘dark masculine’ and ‘dark feminine’, 281–282

Temptress, as ‘dark feminine’, 75, 248–249, 259–260, 280–281, 283, 306, 334, 336, 338, 409, 599

Tennyson, Alfred, 654

Teutonic gods (and days of week), 623fn

Thatcher, Margaret, 688–689

Thinking (ordering) function, 558–559 and fn

Thor, 646–647

Three (archetypal significance of in stories): 229–235

becomes four, 282, 229, 313–315

in Dante, 628–632

Three levels of existence in world mythologies, 602, 595–596, 645–646

‘Thrilling escape’ (from death), 45–48, 85fn, 87, 106, 212

Thurber, James, 587

Tibetan Book of the Dead, The, 626

Titanic, films about sinking of, 680

Tokens, to show true identity, 113, 127, 131

Tolkien, J. R. R., 316 et seq.

Tolstoy, Leo, 136–138, 139, 153, 162–164, 267, 399, 419, 640, 655

Totality (four-sided), 552

Tragedy, as archetype, 153–192, 224–226

derivation of, 191; 329–343

shaping events in real life, 577 et seq.

Greek, 601, 607–608

Tragic cycle, in Christ ‘myth’, 619–620

Transformation, need for and lack of, 353, 367, 379–381, 447–448

Treasure, as symbol of Self, 22–23, 25, 71, 269

Trickster, as archetype, 308–309, 323–324, 604

Triffids, 28

Trojan War, 466–467fn, 606–607

Truffaut, Francois, 161-2, 503fn, 675

Trollope, Anthony, 136

Twain, Mark, 383

Twelve, as archetypal number, 235fn

‘Twenties’, 661–663, 674

Tynan, Ken, 478fn, 479fn, 673

Tyrant, as archetype, 247–248, 251, 258, 260, 261, 265, 277, 290fn

and daughter 292–293; 296, 301, 306, 325

Uccello, Paolo, 634

Unconscious, as source of dreams and stories, 543, 554

Underworld, journey to, 76–77

images of, 595, 602, 606, 625

Unreconciled dark figures, 119–120, 132

Unrealised value, 277 et seq.

examples 283–288, 291, 321, 340

as defining component of stories, 556

‘Unrelenting father’ (or parent), 110–111, 122–123, 133, 150, 256, 261

Ulysses speech (Troilus and Cressida), 267, 636–637, 645

Upanishads, The, 593, 610

Updike, John, 383

Ur, 597

Utopianism, as projection of Self, 661–662, 664–667

Valentino, Rudolf, 142, 661

Valhalla, 646

Van Eyck, Jan, 634

Verdi, Giuseppe, 402–404, 418, 649, 654, 656

Verne, Jules, 84, 92

Virgil, 69, 70, 73, 222, 614–615

as guide to Dante, 629–630

Virginity, loss of as climax of story, 385–386, 457, 459, 449, 522–526

Voltaire, 91

Voyage And Return, as archetype, 87–106

summing up, 105–106; 223–224, 250–252, projected, 566–567

reflecting one-sided consciousness of 18th c., 638

Vyvyan, John, 13

Van der Post, Laurens, 287

Wagner, Richard, 6, 25, 185, 404–406, 407, 648, 654, 697

Walesa, Lech, 593

Walpole, Horace, 649, 655

Waugh, Evelyn, 4, 87, 93, 395, 567, 638, 662, 671

Wayne, John, 670

Welles, Orson, 509

Wells, H.G., 28, 39, 45, 92, 658, 659fn

Whistler, Laurence, 277, 700

Wilde, Oscar, 141–142, 153, 158–159, 215, 396, 409, 411

Wilder, Billy, 147

Wilson, Edmund (on detective stories), 505, 513

‘Wise Old Man’, as archetype, 77–78, 264

defined, 297–299; 302, 306–307

Prospero as, 322–325

Sarastro as, 325–327; 335, 382, 394. See also Gandalf, Teiresias

Witch, as ‘dark feminine’, 22–23, 241, 244, 248–249, 251, 279–280

Wodehouse, P. G., 6, 108, 145–147, 255, 397

Woityla, Karol (Pope John-Paul II), 685

Wolfe, Tom, 682

Women, de-feminisation of in 20th c., 486, 660–661, 687–689

‘World egg’, 545

World, end of, 406, 647, 679, 697–698

Wordsworth, William, 642–643, 650

Wyndham, John, 40–41

Yeats, W. B., 455

Yin and Yang, 609–610

Zeus, 23, 602–607, 611, 614, 616

Ziggurats, 597fn

Zoroaster, 610