“the tree of liberty grows only when watered”: quoted in Wikipédia (the French version of Wikipedia). The statement by Bertrand Barère de Vieuzac was a close variation of one made five years earlier by Thomas Jefferson.
“The plantings had multiplied”: Maurice Agulhon, Les Quarante-huitards (Paris: Gallimard, 1992), p. 52. Unless noted otherwise, all translations from French are mine.
“Alas, Lorraine undertook”: Maurice Barrès, Les Déracinés (Paris: Plon, 1922), vol. 2, p. 238.
“Nothing collapses more quickly”: George Eliot, Impressions of Theophrastus Such (London: BiblioBazaar, 2006), p. 85.
“the Servian [sic] is both by principle”: Edmund Spencer, Travels in European Turkey: 1850 (London: Colburn & Co., 1851), vol. 1, p. 34.
“moments of excitement”: New York Times, June 24, 1903.
“The assassination of King Alexander”: Le Petit Parisien, June 12, 1903.
“in a Christian country”: Le Gaulois, June 12, 1903.
“The Serbs change government”: Le Figaro, June 12, 1903.
“There had been a score of opportunities”: Winston Churchill, The World Crisis (New York: Free Press, 2005), p. 87.
“Never has the season”: Le Figaro, July 29, 1914.
“a shade of anxiety”: Raymond Poincaré, The Origins of the War (London: Cassell, 1922), p. 182.
“a blaze of fire and flame”: Maurice Paléologue, An Ambassador’s Memoirs (New York: George Doran, 1923), p. 14.
“commonplace assurances”: Poincaré, Origins of War, p. 190.
“the same ideal of peace”: Paléologue, Ambassador’s Memoirs, p. 24.
“had decided in principle”: Luigi Albertini, The Origins of the War of 1914 (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1952), vol. 2, p. 591.
“unanimity of patriotic resolution”: Poincaré, Origins of War, p. 206.
“Never have I felt so overwhelmed”: quoted in Albertini, Origins of the War, vol. 2, p. 596.
“no disorder, no panic”: Le Temps, July 30, 1914.
“there is no longer any justice”: Edward Berenson, The Trial of Madame Caillaux (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992), p. 2.
“proceed united as one”: ibid., p. 241.
“The Serbs are Orientals”: Albertini, Origins of the War, vol. 2, p. 468.
“generous Slav heart”: ibid., p. 350.
“My thoughts were utterly pessimistic”: Paléologue, Ambassador’s Memoirs, p. 37.
“This is the way things”: Albertini, Origins of the War, vol. 2, p. 489.
“Today you are told”: Harvey Goldberg, The Life of Jean Jaurès (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1968), p. 444.
“If all of Europe”: L’Humanité, June 30, 1914.
“Think of what it would mean”: Goldberg, Life of Jean Jaurès, p. 446.
“The ultimatum sent to Servia”: New York Times Current History (New York: The New York Times Co., 1915–16), vol. 1, p. 401.
“Care must be taken to avoid”: Jean-Jacques Becker, 1914: Comment les Français Sont Entrés dans la Guerre (Paris: Presses de la Fondation Nationale des Sciences Politiques, 1977), p. 142.
“All civilized people”: Becker, 1914, p. 141.
“the conflict became inevitable”: ibid.
“Your sentence will have no political”: Le Figaro, March 30, 1914.
“Perhaps it meant to affirm”: L’Humanité, March 30, 1914.
“the criminal maneuvers”: ibid.
“This Wilhelm”: ibid., p. 334.
“Germany has long been spoiling”: ibid.
“War had to erupt”: ibid., p. 335.
“ancestral,” “hereditary,” “eternal”: ibid.
“If France is invaded”: ibid., p. 410.
“The truth of the matter is”: ibid., p. 412.
“At this tomb, on which”: Le Figaro, August 5, 1914.
“What he would say”: L’Humanité, August 5, 1914.
“What was the psychological phenomenon”: Becker, 1914, p. 407.
“legitimate reparations”: Le Temps, August 5, 1914.
“Under siege”: ibid.
“one of the grandest”: Le Figaro, August 5, 1914.
“Henceforth I know no parties”: C.R.M.F. Cruttwell, A History of the Great War (Chicago: Academy Chicago, 1991), p. 125.
“Even if it involves” Maurice Barrès, Chroniques de la Grande Guerre (Paris: Plon, 1968), pp. 123–24.
“The task of Christians”: Becker, 1914, p. 471.
“We know full well”: Modris Eksteins, Rites of Spring: The Great War and the Birth of the Modern Age (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1989), p. 196
“Maurice Barrès”: The quote is from Michel Winock, Le Siècle des Intellectuels (Paris: Seuil, 1997), p. 149.
“educate,” “illustrate”: article on Barrès in A. K. Thorlby, ed., The Penguin Companion to European Literature (Baltimore: Penguin Books, 1969), p. 84.
“At this moment”: Maurice Barrès, Mes Cahiers: 1896–1923, ed. Guy Dupré (Paris: Plon, 1994), p. 6.
“Le juif errant/La corde aux dents”: François Broche, Vie de Maurice Barrès (Paris: Jean-Claude Lattès, 1987), p. 27.
“Rambunctious kids”: ibid., p. 36.
“Was I to become”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, pp. 10–11.
“Those who did not begin”: Henri Brémond, introduction to Vingt-cinq Années de Vie Littéraire, by Maurice Barrès (Paris: Bloud, 1908), p. xvi.
“Well, if not superior”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 1025.
“You were born with a caul”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 76.
“When one wants to arrive”: ibid., p. 77.
“brain cells”: ibid., p. 83.
“The important thing”: ibid., p. 85.
“The young king”: Maurice Barrès, Les Déracinés (Paris: Plon, 1924), vol. 1, p. 71.
“very much the prince”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 98.
“Who are you”: ibid., p. 97.
“Why did I want”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 12.
“I have concluded”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 122.
“Raising funds”: ibid., p. 111.
“You wouldn’t believe”: ibid., p. 104.
“I see how it was Wagner”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 701.
“fortified, transformed”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 139.
“the artistic glories of the public place”: ibid., p. 141.
“His was a virgin”: Maurice Barrès, Sous l’Oeil des Barbares (Paris: Plon, 1921), p. 235.
“This night celebrates”: ibid.
“[It’s not that we’re heroic]”: The Autobiography of William Butler Yeats (New York: MacMillan, 1953), pp. 36–37.
“The borders of our minds”: J. W. Burrow, The Crisis of Reason: European Thought, 1848–1914 (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2000), p. 231.
“a new religion”: The Autobiography of William Butler Yeats, p. 71.
“It is said of the man of genius”: ibid., p. 40.
“We have intellectual fathers”: Zeev Sternhell, Maurice Barrès et le Nationalisme Français (Paris: Fayard, 2000), p. 64.
“There’s something about you”: Jean Garrigues, Le Général Boulanger (Paris: Perrin, 1999), p. 46.
“We have to fear”: ibid., 81.
“Throughout the whole”: James Harding, The Astonishing Adventure of General Boulanger (New York: Scribner’s, 1971), p. 7.
“The renown he craves”: Jules-Michel Gaillard, Jules Ferry (Paris: Fayard, 1989), pp. 623–24.
“For some time”: ibid., p. 628.
“If I knew something useful”: Joseph Dedieu, Montesquieu: L’Homme et l’Oeuvre (Paris: Boivin, 1943), p. 22.
“You are called upon”: Adrien Dansette, Le Boulangisme (Paris: Fayard, 1946), p. 132.
“Today, most great soul-conquerors”: Gustave Le Bon, La Psychologie des Foules (Paris: Alcan, 1895), p. 63.
“[Boulanger’s] program”: quoted by Michel Winock in Nationalisme, Antisémitisme et Fascisme en France (Paris: Le Seuil, 1994), p. 45.
“inexplicable vertigo”: Charles de Freycinet, Souvenirs: 1878–1893 (New York: Da Capo Press, 1973), p. 400.
“thousands of young people”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 150.
“For any man of action”: ibid., p. 165.
“The violence of approbation”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 19.
“My temperament”: ibid., p. 183.
“General Boulanger didn’t deceive us”: Arthur Meyer, Ce Que Mes Yeux Ont Vu (Paris: Plon, 1912), p. 97.
“You are isolated”: ibid., p. 192.
“There I am in a temple”: Maurice Barrès, Les Voyages de Lorraine et d’Artois (Paris: Émile-Paul Frères, 1916), pp. 407–8.
“Madame Barrès really doesn’t exist”: Broche, Maurice Barrès, p. 203.
“The pilgrimage to Bayreuth”: Max Nordau, Degeneration (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1993), p. 213.
“I’ve never witnessed”: Jean Bouvier, Les Deux Scandales de Panama (Paris: Julliard, 1964), pp. 106–7.
“The principal participants”: Maurice Barrès, Leurs Figures (Paris: Émile-Paul Frères, 1917), p. 58.
“Baron Jacques de Reinach”: ibid., p. 123.
“It seems that all”: La Libre Parole, November 26, 1892.
“They continue to impose”: Sternhell, Maurice Barrès, p. 213.
“The paper’s tendencies”: Études Maurrassiennes (Aix-en-Provence: Institut d’Études Politiques, 1972), vol. 1, p. 146.
“useful variations”: Sternhell, Maurice Barrès, p. 289.
“How is this conscious self”: ibid.
“eternal war”: Sternhell, ibid., p. 288.
“He preached the truth”: Barrès, Les Déracinés, vol. 1, p. 16.
“The sands gave way”: Maurice Barrès, Scènes et Doctrines du Nationalisme (Paris: Félix Juven, 1902), p. 17.
“Jews,” he wrote: ibid., p. 63.
“[Dreyfus] walked”: ibid., pp. 134–35.
“Dreyfusism was reinvigorated”: Alain Pagès, Émile Zola: Un Intellectuel dans l’Affaire Dreyfus (Paris: Librairie Séguier, 1991), p. 108.
“aristocrats of thought”: Barrès, Scènes et Doctrines, pp. 45–46.
“(B.) is at once”: ibid., p. 57.
“Let us rejoice”: ibid., pp. 208–9.
“The laws of our mind”: La Grande Pitié des Églises de France in L’Oeuvre de Maurice Barrès (Paris: Le Club de l’Honnête Homme, 1966), vol. 3, pp. 12ff.
“While the Germans deify”: Maurice Barrès, Chronique de la Grande Guerre (Paris: Plon, 1968), p. 180.
“At six in the morning”: John Keegan, The First World War (New York: Knopf, 1999), p. 72.
“radiantly happy”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 752.
“I am reproached”: ibid., p. 769.
“These soldiers coming and going”: ibid., p. 758.
“a new being—the combat unit”: ibid., p. 759.
“One could spend hours”: Barrès, Les Voyages, p. 407.
“Only by understanding”: Eksteins, Rites of Spring, p. 307.
“National Socialism is, in its truest meaning”: ibid., p. 309.
“with colors unfurled”: Keegan, First World War, p. 202.
“It is preposterous to talk about reason”: Eksteins, Rites of Spring, p. 183.
“Le Crapouillot, the only trench paper”: Hugh Cecil and Peter Liddle, eds., Facing Armageddon (London: Leo Cooper, 1996), p. 224.
“The maneuvers of German agents”: Barrès, Chronique, p. 421.
“It isn’t because”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 773.
“a beautiful marriage”: Barrès, Chronique, p. 601.
“The holy familiarity”: ibid., p. 617.
“Joan of Arc … obeyed”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, p. 830.
“intelligence is a very small”: Barrès, Les Déracinés, vol. 2, p. 72.
“I don’t long”: Barrès, Mes Cahiers, pp. 23–24
“This living enigma”: Égide Jeanné, L’Image de la Pucelle d’Orléans dans la Littérature Historique Française Depuis Voltaire (Paris: J. Vrin, 1934), p. 64.
“Christian sanctity”: Jean Cluzel, “Wallon, Jeanne d’Arc et la République” (Session in homage to Henri-Alexandre Wallon, Institut de France, October 11, 2004).
“Everyone had something to say”: Archives de la Préfecture de Police, Ba460.
“This prohibition will enter”: L’Univers, May 30, 1878.
“Better late than never”: La Lanterne, May 29, 1878.
“believers and free-thinkers alike”: Rosemonde Sanson, “La Fête de Jeanne d’Arc en 1894”: Revue d’Histoire Moderne et Contemporaine, June–September 1973, p. 447.
“Like her, let us say”: ibid., p. 448.
“She was the dawn”: ibid., pp. 448–49.
“May you disappear forever”: La Croix, May 10 and 16, 1894. Sermons of Canon Brettes at the Sacré-Coeur in Paris.
“tenebrous enemies”: Sanson, “La Fête”: pp. 454–55.
“How twisted”: “Mythes de Jeanne d’Arc”: Wikipédia.
“[He] replied”: Montreal Gazette, December 2, 1904.
“I pledge myself,” “Camelots du Roi”: Wikipédia.
“You know my ideas”: Michel Winock, “Jeanne d’Arc”: in Les Lieux de Mémoire, vol. 3, ed. Pierre Nora (Paris: Gallimard, 1984), p. 713.
“To Joan of Arc”: New York Times, May 12, 1907.
“Long live Christ”: New York Times, December 14, 1908.
“Yesterday we seemed capable”: Maurice Barrès, Autour de Jeanne d’Arc (Paris: Champion, 1916), pp. 45–46.
“At the feet of”: Le Temps, May 17, 1915.
“Once again Joan is winning”: Barrès, Autour de Jeanne d’Arc, pp. 77–86.
“Alas, how many Frenchmen”: Le Petit Parisien, May 9, 1921.
“By bending to the natural order”: Charles Maurras, Oeuvres Capitales (Paris: Flammarion, 1954), vol. 2, pp. 299–315.
“L’Action Française has acquired”: Maurice Barrès and Charles Maurras, La République ou le Roi: Correspondance Inédite, 1888–1923, ed. Guy Dupré (Paris: Plon, 1976), p. 585.
“Civilization is an effort”: quoted by Raymond Aron in Chroniques de Guerre (Paris: Gallimard, 1990), p. 438.
“[This worldview] oriented itself”: Winock, Nationalisme, p. 164.
“a deaf man”: Gide, Journal, p. 753.
“The most cherished voices”: Stéphane Giocanti, Maurras: Le Chaos et l’Ordre (Paris: Flammarion, 2006), p. 136.
“What evil demon”: Charles Maurras, Sans la Muraille des Cyprès (Paris: J. Gibert, 1941), pp. 18–19.
“The heavens themselves”: Troilus and Cressida, I.iii.
“In spite of weaknesses”: Yves Chiron, La Vie de Maurras (Paris: Perrin, 1991), p. 61.
“You must perceive Jesus Christ”: ibid., p. 62.
“At the time”: ibid., p. 78.
“I must admit”: Barrès and Maurras, La République ou le Roi, p. 18.
“Passion, willfulness”: ibid., p. 47 (January 23, 1891).
“In Drumont’s work”: ibid., p. 32.
“You persist in confusing”: ibid. p. 79 (June 9, 1894).
“the scourge of nations”: Giocanti, Maurras, p. 161.
“There was no one to say”: ibid., p. 162.
“Every sacred drop”: La Gazette de France, September 6, 1898.
“nations have a general”: from Joseph de Maistre, “Des Souveraintés Particulières et des Nations”: in Oeuvres Complètes (Lyon: Vitte, 1884), vol. 1, p. 325; quoted in Alain Finkielkraut, The Defeat of the Mind (New York: Columbia University Press, 1995), p. 16.
“All of us agree”: Maurice Barrès, Scènes et Doctrines, p. 118.
“M. de Bismarck undoubtedly”: Maurras, Oeuvres Capitales, vol. 2, p. 387.
“French unity, which”: ibid., p. 398.
“exclusive nationalism” and its “deep-rooted hostility”: Chiron, Vie de Maurras, pp. 218–19.
“Our institute”: ibid., p. 220.
“The lugubrious”: L’Action Française, July 21, 1913.
“I don’t hesitate”: ibid., August 2, 1913.
“General Pau’s speech”: ibid., August 1, 1913.
“So I have brought down”: in Eugen Weber, L’Action Française: Royalism and Reaction in Twentieth-Century France (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1962), p. 90.
“Fortunate are those whose hearts”: L’Action Française, August 1, 1914.
“The truth is”: Laurent Dornel, La France Hostile: Socio-histoire de la Xénophobie (1870–1914) (Paris: Hachette, 2004), p. 301.
“Mystifications, forgeries”: L’Action Française, January 9, 1913.
“Had he not, by his own admission”: L’Action Française, April 24, 1917.
“After one year of bloodshed”: Nicolas Faucier, Pacifisme et Antimilitarisme dans l’Entre-deux-Guerres, 1919–1939 (Paris: Spartacus, 1983), p. 35.
“He supported the nationalist thesis”: Le Figaro, July 23, 1917.
“M. Malvy is a traitor”: Weber, L’Action Française, p. 105.
“In this overexcited hall”: ibid., p. 106.
“One can criticize, detest”: Le Temps, February 25, 1921.
“Judging others by themselves”: Leopold Schwarzschild, World in Trance (London: Hamish Hamilton, 1943), p. 140.
“We will know in a few hours”: L’Action Française, December 27, 1922.
“The German rebirth”: Ian Kershaw, Hitler (New York: W. W. Norton, 1998), vol. 1, p. 192.
“I consider that he bore”: Le Figaro, January 23, 1923.
“A German Bullet”: L’Action Française, January 23, 1923.
“Germany, the Soviet Union”: ibid.
“In the street, in the dock”: L’Action Française, January 29, 1923.
“While revolutionaries”: L’Action Française, December 25, 1923.
“News of the Armistice”: Adam Frantz, Sentinelles Prenez Garde à Vous (Paris: Legrand Amédée, 1931), pp. 183–88.
“We did not cheer”: Richard van Emden, The Soldier’s War (London: Bloomsbury, 2009), p. 365.
“To think that I shall not have to”: ibid., p. 367.
“We have lived”: ibid., p. 364.
“As night came”: Thomas Gowenlock, Soldiers of Darkness (Garden City: Doubleday, 1937), p. 206.
“Such courage and nerve”: van Emden, Soldier’s War, p. 370.
“I cannot say how far I walked”: “ ‘Stand to’ on Givenchy Road” from FirstWorld War.com. This passage is also excerpted from Everyman at War, edited by C. B. Purdom (London: Dent, 1930).
“I would like to send you home”: Gustav Regler, The Owl of Minerva (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1959), p. 56.
“We seemed, as we moved up the road”: van Emden, Soldier’s War, p. 129.
“Your letter finds me”: Jacques Vaché, Lettres de Guerre (Paris: Au Sans Pareil, 1919), p. 24.
“the dictation of thought”: André Breton, Manifestes du Surréalisme (Paris: Gallimard, 1963), p. 37.
“War is my homeland”: Dominique Desanti, Drieu La Rochelle (Paris: Flammarion, 1978), p. 111.
“endangering the safety”: Marguerite Bonnet, ed., L’Affaire Barrès (Paris: José Corti, 1987), p. 24.
“It wouldn’t be worth a trial”: ibid., pp. 64–65.
“To be sure”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Journal: 1939–1945 (Paris: Gallimard, 1992), p. 76.
“To think that this was an infantry officer”: ibid., p. 76.
“Giraudoux regards the events”: ibid., p. 77.
“The father was a peasant”: Régine Pernoud, Histoire de la Bourgeoisie en France (Paris: Seuil, 1962), vol. 2, p. 482.
“She counted on me”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, L’État Civil (Paris: Gallimard, 1977), p. 57.
“How often I sobbed”: ibid., p. 44.
“During recess”: ibid., p. 94.
“My mother had bought me”: ibid., p. 96.
“There were two good students”: ibid., p. 110.
“There, something gripped me”: ibid., p. 173.
“I revealed with brutal candor”: Pierre Andreu and Frédéric Grover, Drieu La Rochelle (Paris: La Table Ronde, 1979), p. 74.
“I have known two or three”: ibid, p. 97.
“Only leaders count”: ibid., p. 102.
“No more family”: ibid., p. 109.
“Et nous saurons”: ibid., p. 123.
“Violent death”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Correspondance avec André et Colette Jéramec, (Paris: Gallimard, 1993), p. 200.
“Now, God be thanked”: ibid., p. 444.
“Don’t go crazy”: ibid., p. 175.
“What is that, next to our affection”: ibid., p. 342.
“I am appalled”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 134.
“We are drawn to ageless”: Gérard Durozoi, Histoire du Mouvement Surréaliste (Paris: Hazan, 1997), p. 9.
“In old shop signs”: Arthur Rimbaud, “L’Alchimie du verbe”: in Une Saison en Enfer (Paris: Éditions Garnier, 1962), p. 228.
“An entire generation’s idea”: Louis Aragon, Projet d’Histoire Littéraire Contemporaine (Paris: Gallimard, 1994), p. 7.
“Dada means nothing”: “Manifeste Dada,” Dada 3, Zurich, December 1918.
“I tell you”: ibid.
“Every time a demonstration”: Durozoi, Histoire du Mouvement Surréaliste, p. 39.
“psychic automatism”: Breton, Manifestes du Surréalisme, p. 37.
“man was given language”: ibid., p. 46.
“the mediocrity of our world”: André Breton, Point du Jour, in Oeuvres Complètes, (Paris: NRF, 1992), vol. 2, p. 276.
“This hubbub of cars and lorries”: Francis Ponge, “Les Écuries d’Augias,” in Oeuvres Complètes (Paris: Gallimard, 1999), pp. 191–92.
“shed its verbal aspect”: Louis Aragon, Une Vague de Rêves (Paris: Seghers, 2006), p. 17.
“It does not have many friends”: Francis Ponge, “Les Colimaçons,” in Le Parti Pris des Choses in Oeuvres Complètes, vol. 1, p. 26.
“The plastic instinct”: André Breton, Le Surréalisme et la Peinture (Paris: Gallimard, 1979).
“We know the yearning”: André Malraux, Les Voix du Silence (Paris: NRF, 1951), p. 628.
“Everything leads one to believe”: Breton, Manifestes du Surréalisme, pp. 66–67.
“Above all there is that joy”: Louis Aragon, Anicet (Paris: NRF, 1921), p. 187.
“the great writer par excellence”: Le Figaro, October 19, 1924.
“Anatole France hasn’t died”: Maurice Nadeau, Histoire du Surréalisme (Paris: Seuil, 1945), p. 95.
“You and I, sir”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 174.
“We seize this opportunity”: Nadeau, Histoire du Surréalisme, p. 222.
“I always believed that your movements”: Nouvelle Revue Française, August 1925.
“the years 1924, 1925”: Drieu, Journal, p. 429.
“He wasn’t alone”: Frédéric J. Grover, Drieu La Rochelle (Paris: Gallimard, 1979), p. 63.
“We took walks”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 196.
“Representative of the attitude”: D. W. Brogan, France Under the Republic (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1940), p. 586.
“How would this Europe look?” Desanti, Drieu La Rochelle, pp. 147–48.
“We commented on everything”: Desanti, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 238.
“a new Order—authoritarian”: Wikipédia article on Gaston Bergery.
“If man is old”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Le Jeune Européen (Paris: Gallimard, 1927), p. 117.
“We cannot seek our reasons”: ibid.
“Thus, I joyfully cried”: ibid.
“I am thirty-three years old”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 197.
“His likes are few”: ibid.
“His novels are fast moving”: Curtis Cate, André Malraux: A Biography (New York: Fromm International Publishing Corporation, 1995), pp. 159–60.
“I offered him a glass of port,” André Gide, Journal 1889–1939 (Paris: Gallimard, 1951), p. 849.
“I have always had other people’s wives”: Desanti, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 258.
“There is nothing in him”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 205.
“I have to spend three months”: ibid., p. 219.
“Victoria is something above”: “Victoria Ocampo’s Chronology,” www.villaocampo.org.
“I say painful”: ibid.
“His long, slender hands”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 73.
“How could he talk about willpower”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Le Feu Follet (Paris: Gallimard, 1959), p. 48.
“an epic commentary”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 242.
“Young Argentinians”: ibid., p. 243.
“Everyone was asleep”: ibid., p. 245.
“fallen state that gives birth”: ibid., p. 259.
“the great rhythmic dance”: ibid., p. 249.
“There I was a leader”: ibid., p. 262.
“This government devoid of”: L’Action Française, December 3, 1930.
“The springs of the republican regime”: Jean-Pierre Azéma and Michel Winock, La Troisième République (Paris: Calmann-Lévy, 1976), pp. 225–26.
“He is one of the best brains”: Dansette, Le Boulangisme, p. 772.
“The reigning pope”: Yves Chiron, La Vie de Maurras (Paris: Perron, 1972), p. 351.
“without having a single one”: Weber, L’Action Française, p. 268.
“All good Frenchmen”: L’Action Française, March 3, 1931.
“In both countries”: Le Populaire, March 7, 1931.
“anonymous, irresponsible”: Michel Winock, Histoire de l’Extrême Droite en France (Paris: Seuil, 1994), p. 173.
“The founder of the Gazette du Franc”: L’ Action Française, July 20, 1935.
“The month Spain lost its king”: Paul Jankowski, Stavisky: A Confidence Man in the Republic of Virtue (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 2002), p. 105.
“And this rapturous beating”: Le Figaro, January 12, 1934.
“While we blame”: Le Matin, January 11, 1934.
“Every day a new name”: L’Humanité, January 9, 1934.
“Besides the Jewish State”: L’Action Française, January 9, 1934.
“Anything but this filthy”: William Shirer, The Collapse of the Third Republic (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1969), p. 324.
“formidable purge in the army”: Serge Berstein, Le 6 Février 1934 (Paris: Gallimard/Julliard, 1975), p. 145.
“sporting names as un-French”: Marcel Le Clère, Le 6 Février (Paris: Hachette 1967), p. 124.
“Scandals pass”: ibid., p. 138.
“He invokes preoccupations”: Le Figaro, February 7, 1934.
“The accursed Chamber”: Le Figaro, February 9, 1934.
“I want to draw the attention”: L’Action Française, February 16, 1934.
“who bring us their money”: Michel Winock, La France et les Juifs de 1789 à Nos Jours (Paris: Seuil, 2004), p. 187.
“The scandal of excessive”: ibid., p. 188.
“February 12 will henceforth”: Le Petit Parisien, February 13, 1936.
“parliamentary and individualist,” Berstein, 6 Février 1934, p. 230.
“The royalist and Fascist”: Serge Berstein, Léon Blum (Paris: Fayard, 2006), p. 395.
“those of Israel and of Moscow”: Le Clère, Le 6 Février, p. 212.
“When one kills freedom”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 263.
“The rugby scrums”: Marc Hanrez, ed., Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, (Paris: L’Herne, 1982), p. 93.
“I have never felt”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 311.
“I should only believe”: Thomas Common, trans., The Philosophy of Nietzsche (New York: Modern Library, 1954), p. 40.
“an amalgam of un-civilized tribes”: Le Temps, October 3, 1935.
“They constituted”: Winock, Le Siècle des Intellectuels, p. 240.
“We pledge ourselves”: Ian Kershaw, Hitler (New York: Norton, 1998), vol. 1, p. 522.
“Why and how I approve today”: André Gide, Littérature Engagée (Paris: Gallimard, 1950), pp. 22–25.
“one more atrocious episode”: L’Humanité, March 23, 1933.
“expunge from your revolutionary”: Correspondance André Gide et Roger Martin du Gard (Paris: Gallimard, 1968), pp. 553–54.
“Primitive man”: Curtis Cate, Malraux (Paris: Flammarion, 1995), p. 258.
“Art is not a submission”: ibid, p. 262.
“requires each of us”: Wolfgang Klein and Sandra Teroni, eds., Pour la Défense de la Culture: Les Textes du Congrès International des Écrivains, Paris, June 1935 (Dijon: Presses Universitaires de Dijon, 2005), p. 197.
“Our encounter with the irrational forces”: Nadezhda Mandelstam, Hope Against Hope (New York: Penguin Books, 1975), p. 50.
“I think transparency”: Jean-Paul Sartre and Michel Contat, “Sartre at Seventy: An Interview,” New York Review of Books, August 7, 1975.
“Please reply following question”: Mark Polizzotti, Revolution of the Mind: The Life of André Breton (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1995), p. 347.
“The two were clearly speaking”: ibid., p. 162.
“the work of intellectual Bolshevism”: Le Figaro, December 10, 1930.
“This was the first time”: Polizzotti, Revolution, p. 359.
“These young self-described”: ibid., p. 418.
“The silly incident”: Ilya Ehrenburg, Memoirs 1921–1941 (Cleveland: World Publishing, 1964), p. 307.
“Is it not true”: Klein and Teroni, Pour la Défense, pp. 398–99.
“We Surrealists don’t love”: ibid., p. 399.
“It’s laughable, the scorn”: ibid., p. 469.
“The working class, which is also”: ibid., p. 110.
“I wish to talk here”: ibid., pp. 109–10.
“My colleagues probably agree”: P. N. Furbank, E. M. Forster: A Life (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1978), pp. 193–94.
“I think it was just after”: ibid., p. 194.
“Léon Blum behaved”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 62.
“Bishops know perfectly well”: Jean-Michel Gaillard, Jules Ferry (Paris: Fayard, 1989), p. 157.
“These new memberships”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 210.
“a doctrine that I consider”: L’Humanité, October 27, 1920.
“every organization that wishes”: Minutes of the Second Congress of the Communist International, Petrograd, July 19–August 7, 1920. www.marxists.org/history/international.
“Short of repudiating”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 419.
“Your assumption of power”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 497.
“Already, thanks to the state-controlled”: L’Action Française, June 7, 1936.
“We must find out”: Le Figaro, June 1, 1936.
“the sudden power”: Pierre Drieu La Rochelle, Histoires Déplaisantes (Paris: Gallimard, 1963), p. 111.
“I had promptly introduced myself”: Drieu, Histoires Déplaisantes, p. 112.
“Clearly suffering from pride”: Marguerite Duras, The Lover (New York: Pantheon, 1985), p. 67.
“I was bigamous”: Drieu, Histoires Déplaisantes, p. 117.
“The young red leader”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 360.
“Those who saw Doriot back then”: ibid., p. 361.
“To restore the French nation its unity”: Le Petit Parisien, June 29, 1936.
“You have lived too long hidden”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 367.
“The Parti Populaire Français will”: ibid., pp. 367–68.
“In a Europe where the great, cadenced”: ibid., p. 368.
“The element of disintegration”: Winock, La France et les Juifs, p. 189.
“In whatever language”: Gilles, p. 553.
“a horde that manages”: Winock, Le Siècle des Intellectuels, p. 335.
“physical experience was unknown”: Gilles, p. 61.
“To make a church”: ibid., p. 561.
“Only adversaries of Communism”: Klein and Teroni, Pour la Défense, p. 187.
“national in form”: André Gide, Souvenirs et Voyages (Paris: Gallimard, 2001), p. 788.
“The fate of culture”: ibid.
“In no country have I seen”: Alan Sheridan, André Gide (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1998), p. 500.
“[I read] the report”: André Gide, Journal, pp. 1254–55.
“Assuming … that basically”: Joseph Davies, Mission to Moscow (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1941), pp. 43–44. Note that this is a reference to the subsequent Trial of the Seventeen.
“One encounters Stalin’s effigy”: Gide, Souvenirs et Voyages, p. 776.
“Suppressing the opposition”: ibid., p. 778.
“The Holy Family will always”: ibid., p. 779.
“The spirit regarded as ‘counterrevolutionary’ ”: ibid., p. 774.
“If the mind is so molded”: ibid., p. 682.
“We Bolsheviks”: L’Humanité, November 28, 1936.
“Throughout his literary life”: ibid., December 19, 1936.
“an absurdity”: Le Populaire, November 24, 1936.
“Parallel to the great”: Serge Berstein, La France des Années 30 (Paris: Armand Colin, 2002), p. 125.
“France of the Popular Front”: Henri Noguères, La Vie Quotidienne en France au Temps du Front Populaire (Paris: Hachette, 1977), p. 19.
“As others reminisce”: ibid., p. 27.
“We marched, we sang”: ibid., p. 26.
“What insolence!”: L’Action Française, July 16, 1936.
“if they hadn’t succeeded”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 502.
“Roger Salengro’s death”: ibid., p. 504.
“Politics does not justify”: ibid., p. 502.
“It did not for reasons”: Le Figaro, August 1, 1936.
“I would that these words”: Le Populaire, September 7, 1936.
“irresponsible Marxists”: Le Populaire, November 9, 1936.
“Shame mingles”: L’Humanité, September 8, 1936.
“Anyone who has given the subject”: George Orwell, Homage to Catalonia (New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1980), p. 178.
“We have too often reproached”: Le Temps, March 17, 1937.
“assassin of workers”: Berstein, Léon Blum, p. 508.
“For the French, alas”: Karen Fiss, Grand Illusion (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009), p. 177.
“Frenchmen are reasoners”: ibid.
“The highlight of all these festivals”: Fiss, Grand Illusion, p. 176.
“Rome, Moscow, Berlin”: ibid., p. 182.
“a European salvation”: quoted in Paul Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight: 1930–1945 (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1955), p. 36.
“Let there be no doubt”: Reynaud, In the Thick of the Fight, p. 182.
“Negro-American music”: ibid., p. 183.
“The pageant featured”: ibid., p. 182.
“a savage horde”: L’Action Française, July 15, 1937.
“The Fuhrer believes”: “The Hossbach Memorandum,” http://avalon.law.yale.edu./imt/hossbach.asp
“No man can possibly pretend”: Le Populaire, January 22, 1938.
“a form of terrorism that is not native to us”: Le Temps, September 13, 1937.
“He is rehearsing”: Sir Edward Spears, Assignment to Catastrophe (New York: A. A. Wyn, 1954), p. 208.
“There are people”: L’Humanité, September 14, 1937.
“Seized documents establish”: Le Populaire, November 24, 1937.
“odious burlesque”: L’Écho de Paris, November 25, 1937.
“A dirty stream”: Eugen Weber, L’Action Française, p. 402.
“the natural advantages”: L’Action Française, May 10, 1938.
“As long as the international”: Berstein, La France des Années 30, p. 150.
“ineluctable and sacred”: Le Temps, July 14, 1938.
“Nationalism and racialism”: Andrew Roberts, The Holy Fox: The Life of Lord Halifax (London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson, 1991), vol. 1, p. 67.
“We shall continue to earn”: L’Action Française, March 18, 1939.
“There is no time to lose”: ibid., March 17, 1939.
“the men who allowed disorder”: Berstein, La France des Années 30, p. 161.
“How many times”: L’Humanité, March 18, 1939.
“There is, outside of Germany”: Winock, Le Siècle des Intellectuels, p. 329.
“Republicans cannot abdicate”: Le Populaire, March 18, 1939.
“You are asking”: Shirer, Collapse, p. 404.
“the physical image”: Le Figaro, March 16, 1939.
“I can work two weeks”: Herbert Lottman, Pétain (Paris: Seuil, 1984), p. 222.
“an old fetish”: ibid.
“Certain official milieux”: ibid., p. 236.
“It was as if the ineffective”: Spears, Assignment, p. 147.
“The victor of Verdun”: ibid., p. 241.
“It is reported”: L’Ouest-Éclair, May 19, 1940.
“Not only is he vain”: Lottman, Pétain, p. 251.
“Jews, or friends of Jews”: Shirer, Collapse, p. 482.
“infinitely pitiable”: ibid.
“who had always been defeatist”: ibid., p. 254.
“A French renaissance”: ibid., pp. 255–56.
“All Frenchmen, wherever they are”: La Croix, June 15, 1940.
“The earth does not lie”: Lottman, Pétain, p. 270.
“It stemmed from our laxity”: La Croix, June 27, 1940.
“Why did God permit”: Aron, Chroniques, p. 30.
“the summons of a great humiliated nation”: Lottman, Pétain, p. 270.
“The capitulation of the government”: Aron, Chroniques, p. 30.
“Great fortune has crowned us”: Weber, L’Action Française, p. 441.
“The labor of Frenchmen”: Le Figaro, July 12, 1940.
“People have spoken about”: Weber, L’Action Française, p. 447.
“This providential man”: ibid., p. 446.
“weld into one metal”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu la Rochelle, 371.
“Gilles had associated his loneliness”: Drieu, Gilles, p. 560.
“Jews, Communist sympathizers”: Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 432.
“Aragon is more Communist”: ibid.
“I can’t think my thoughts through”: ibid., p. 434.
“I feel Hitler’s movements”: Drieu, Journal, p. 196.
“I tell myself”: ibid., p. 274.
“I know what I’m doing”: Correspondance André Gide et Roger Martin du Gard, vol. 2, p. 229.
“Gide, Valéry, Claudel”: Drieu, Journal, p. 295.
“I can no longer get interested”: ibid., p. 293; April 11, 1942.
“D. I don’t doubt”: Drieu, Correspondance avec André et Colette Jéramec.
“The Jews tricked me”: Drieu, Journal, p. 348.
“in due course”: ibid., p. 354.
“I’ve always been scared to death”: ibid., p. 396.
“Should I soon commit suicide”: ibid., p. 310.
“Where am I, in any sense?” Andreu and Grover, Drieu La Rochelle, p. 547.
“I wanted to be a complete man”: Drieu, Journal, p. 447.