BIBLIOGRAPHY

ANCIENT SOURCES

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Amat, Jacqueline. Passion de Perpétuae et de Félicité suivi des Actes. Sources Chrétiennes, no. 417. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf, 1996.

Apostolic Fathers. Trans. Bart D. Ehrman. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2003.

Apostolic Fathers. Trans. Kirsopp Lake. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1985.

Apostolic Fathers: Greek Texts and English Translations. Trans. Michael W. Holmes. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2007.

Aquinas. Summa Theologica. New York: Benziger, 1948.

Aristotle. Generation of Animals. Trans. A.L. Peck. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

———. Nicomachean Ethics. Trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1926.

———. Poetics. Trans. Stephen Halliwell. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.

———. Problems. Trans. Robert Mayhew and David C. Mirhady. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011.

Arnim, Hans Friedrich August von. Stoicorum veterum fragmentum. Leipzig: Teubner, 1903–24.

Augustine. City of God. Trans. George McCracken. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1957.

———. Confessions. Trans. Carolyn J.-B. Hammond. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2014.

———. Sermons III/3 (51–94): On the New Testament. Trans. Edmund Hill. Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1992.

———. Sermons III/5 (148–83): On the New Testament. Trans. Edmund Hill. Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1992.

———. Sermons III/8 (273–305A): On the Saints. Trans. Edmund Hill. Hyde Park, N.Y.: New City Press, 1994.

———. A Treatise on the Soul and Its Origins. In Nicene and Post-Nicene Fathers of the Christian Church. Ed. Philip Schaff. New York: Cosimo, 2007.

Aulus Gellius. Attic Nights. Trans. J.C. Rolfe. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927.

Celsus. On Medicine. Trans. W.G. Spencer. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1938.

Cicero. Brutus. Trans. G.L. Hendrickson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1939.

———. De Finibus. Trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1914.

———. De Oratore. Trans. E.W. Sutton and R.W. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

———. Tusculan Disputations. Trans. J.E. King. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927.

Clement. Stromateis. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to A.D. 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

Collumela. On Agriculture. Trans. E.S. Forster and Edward H. Heffner. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1955.

De Smedt, Charles. “Passio SS. Maximae, Donatillae et Secundae in Passiones Tres Martyrum Africanorum.” Analecta Bollandiana 9 (1890): 107–34.

Didascalia Apostolorum. Trans. Alistair Stewart-Sykes. Turnhout: Brepols, 2009.

Dio Cassius. Roman History. Trans. Earnest Cary and Herbert B. Foster. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

Diodorus Siculus. Library of History. Trans. C.H. Oldfather. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1946.

Diogenes Laertius. Lives of Eminent Philosophers. Trans. R.D. Hicks. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.

Dionysius of Halicarnassus. Demosthenes. Trans. Stephen Usher. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1974.

Dioscorides. De Materia Medica. Trans. Lily Y. Beck. Hildesheim: Olms-Weidmann, 2011.

Elliott, J. K. “Third Corinthians.” In The Apocryphal New Testament: A Collection of Apocryphal Christian Literature in an English Translation Based on M. R. James. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1993.

Epictetus. Discourses. Trans. W.A. Oldfather. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.

———. The Encheiridion. Trans. W.A. Oldfather. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928.

Eusebius. Ecclesiastical History. Trans. Kirsopp Lake. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1926.

———. The Ecclesiastical History and the Martyrs of Palestine. Trans. Hugh Jackson Lawlor and John Ernest Leonard Oulton. London: Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge, 1927.

Galen. De compositione medicamentorum secundum locos libri x. Ed. C.G. Kühn. Claudii Galeni opera Omnia, vols. 12–13. Leipzig: Knobloch, 1826–27. Repr. Hildescheim: Olms, 1965.

———. De simplicium medicamentorum temperamentis ac facultatibus libri xi. Ed. C.G. Kühn. Claudii Galeni opera Omnia, vols. 11–12. Leipzig: Knobloch, 1826. Repr. Amsterdam: Hakkert, 1967.

———. Method of Medicine. Trans. Ian Johnston and G.H.R. Horsley. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2011.

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Hilary of Poitiers. The Trinity. Trans. Stephen McKenna. Fathers of the Church, vol. 25. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University Press of America, 1954.

Homer. The Illiad of Homer. Trans. Richard Lattimore. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2011.

Irenaeus. Against the Heresies. Trans. Dominic J. Unger, John J. Dillon, and Matthew Craig Steenberg. Mahwah, N.J.: Paulist Press, 2012.

Jacobus de Voragine. The Golden Legend as Englished by William Caxton. Trans. F.S. Ellis. New York: AMS, 1973.

Justin Martyr. 2 Apology. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to AD 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

Justinian. The Digest of Justinian, vol. 4. Trans. Alan Watson. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2011.

Lactantius. The Minor Works. Trans. Mary Francis McDonald. The Fathers of the Church: A New Translation, vol. 54. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1965.

Longinus. On the Sublime. Trans. Stephen Halliwell. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995.

Lucan. The Civil War. Trans. J.D. Duff. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928.

Lucian. The Passing of Peregrinus. Trans. A. M. Harmon. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936.

Marcus Aurelius. Meditations. Trans. C.R. Haines. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1916.

Martial. Epigrams. Trans. D.R. Shackleton Bailey. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1993.

Origen. Commentary on Matthew. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to AD 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

Philo. On Abraham. Trans. F.H. Colson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1935.

Plato. Gorgias. Trans. W.R.M. Lamb. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.

———. Philebus. Trans. Harold North Fowler and W.R.M. Lamb. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1925.

———. Theaetetus. Trans. Harold North Fowler. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1921.

———. Timaeus. Trans. R.B. Bury. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1929.

Pliny the Elder. Natural History. Trans. H. Rackham. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

Pliny the Younger. Letters and Panegyricus. Trans. Betty Radice. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

Plutarch. Moralia. Trans. Frank C. Babbitt. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1927.

Prudentius. Crowns of Martyrdom. Trans. H.J. Thomson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953.

Quintilian. The Lesser Declamations. Trans. D.R. Shackelton Bailey. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2006.

Seneca. De Constantia. Trans. John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928.

———. De ira. Trans. John W. Basore. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1928.

———. Epistles. Trans. R.M. Gummere. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1917–25.

———. Phaedra. Trans. John G. Fitch. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2002.

Sextus Empiricus. Against Ethicists. Trans. R.G. Bury. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1936.

Tacitus. Annals. Trans. John E. Jackson. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1937.

Tertullian. Apology. Trans. T.R. Glover. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

———. De anima. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to AD 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

———. De spectaculis. Trans. T.R. Glover. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1969.

———. On the Testimony of the Soul. Trans. Q. Howe. Patristics Project, Faulker University, 2008. www.tertullian.org/articles/howe_testimonio_animae.htm

———. Scorpiace. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to AD 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

Theophilus. Ad Autolycum. In Ante-Nicene Fathers: Translations of the Writings of the Fathers down to AD 325. Ed. Alexander Roberts and James Donaldson. Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson, 1994.

Thucydides. History of the Peloponnesian War. Trans. C.F. Smith. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1919.

Xenophon. Anabasis. Trans. Carleton L. Brownson, revised by John Dillery. Loeb Classical Library. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1998.

MODERN TEXTS

Abrams, M.H. The Mirror and the Lamp: Romantic Theory and the Critical Tradition. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1953.

Adams, J.N. The Latin Sexual Vocabulary. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Adkin, Neil. “A Problem in the Early Church: Noise during Sermon and Lesson,” Mnemosyne Fourth Series 38 (1985): 161–62.

Alikin, Valeriy A. The Earliest History of the Christian Gathering: Origin, Development and Content of the Christian Gathering in the First to Third Centuries. Leiden: Brill, 2010.

Altman, Charles F. “Two Types of Opposition and the Structure of Latin Saints’ Lives.” Medievalia et Humanistica: Studies in Medieval and Renaissance Culture n.s. 6 (1975): 1–11.

Altman, Janet. Epistolarity: Approaches to a Form. Columbus: Ohio State University Press, 1982.

Amat, Jacqueline. “L’Authenticité de songes de la Passion de Perpétue et de Félicité.” Augustinianum 29 (1989): 177–91.

Atkinson, William Henry. “Discussions—Miscellaneous.” American Dental Association 12 (1872): 105.

Aune, David. “Mastery of the Passions: Philo, 4 Maccabees, and Earliest Christianity.” In Hellenization Revisited: Shaping a Christian Response within the Greco-Roman World, ed. W.E. Helleman, 125–58. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America, 1994.

———. Westminster Dictionary of New Testament and Early Christian Literature and Rhetoric. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox, 2003.

Bablitz, Leanne. Actors and Audience in the Roman Courtroom. London: Routledge, 2007.

Bardon, H. La Littérature latine inconnue, vol. 2. Paris: C. Klincksieck, 1956.

Barnes, Timothy D. Early Christian Hagiography and Roman History. Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2010.

Barton, Carlin. “Savage Miracles: The Redemption of Lost Honor in Roman Society and the Sacrament of the Gladiator and the Martyr.” Representations 45 (1994): 41–71.

Basbaum, Allan I. “Unlocking the Secrets of Pain: The Science.” In 1988 Medical and Health Annual, ed. Ellen Bernstein, 84–131. Chicago: Encyclopedia Britannica, 1987.

Beard, Mary. Laughter in Ancient Rome: On Joking, Tickling, and Cracking Up. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2014.

Beard, Mary, John North, and Simon Price. Religions of Rome, vol. 1: A History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.

Becker, Andrew Sprague. The Shield of Achilles and the Poetics of Ekphrasis. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1995.

Beecher, Henry K. “Pain in Men Wounded in Battle.” Annals of Surgery 123 (1946): 96–105.

Bisbee, Gary A. “The Acts of Justin Martyr: A Form-Critical Study.” Second Century 3 (1983): 129–57.

———. Pre-Decian Acts of Martyrs and Commentarii. Philadelphia: Fortress, 1988.

Bisconti, F. “Dentro e intorno all’iconografia martiriale romana. Dal ‘vuoto figurativo’ all’ ‘immaginario devozionale.” In Martyrium in Multidisciplinary Perspective: Memorial Louis Reekmans, ed. M. Lamberigts and P. Van Deun, 247–92. Leuven: Peeters, 1995.

Bomgardner, D.L. “The Carthage Amphitheater: A Reappraisal.” American Journal of Archaeology 94 (1989): 85–103.

———. The Story of the Roman Amphitheater. London: Routledge, 2000.

Bos, Abraham P. “Aristotelian and Platonic Dualism in Hellenistic and Early Greek Philosophy and in Gnosticism.” Vigiliae Christianae 56 (2002): 273–91.

Botvinick, Matthew, Amishi P. Jha, Lauren M. Bylsma, Sara A. Fabian, Patricia E. Solomon, and Kenneth M. Prkachin. “Viewing Facial Expressions of Pain Engages Cortical Areas Involved in the Direct Experience of Pain.” Neuroimage 25 (2005): 312–19.

Boureau, Alain. La Légende dorée: Le système narritif de Jacques de Voragine (+1298). Paris: Éditions du Cerf, 1984.

Bowersock, Glen W. Martyrdom and Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995.

Boyarin, Daniel. Dying for God: Martyrdom and the Making of Christianity and Judaism. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 1999.

Bradley, Keith. Slavery and Society at Rome. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

Bray, Gerald. Holiness and the Will of God: Perspectives on the Theology of Tertullian. London: Marshall, Morgan, and Scott, 1979.

Bremmer, Jan N. “The Motivation of Martyrs: Perpetua and the Palestinians.” In Religion and Cultural Discourse: Essays in Honor of Hans G. Kippenberg on the Occasion of His 65th Birthday, ed. B. Luchesi and K. von Stuckrad, 535–54. Berlin: de Gruyter, 2004.

———. “The Passion of Perpetua and the Development of Early Christian Afterlife.” Nederlands Theologisch Tijdschrift 54 (2000): 97–111.

———. “Perpetua and Her Diary: Authenticity, Family, and Visions.” In Märtyrer und Märtyrerakten, ed. W. Ameling, 77–120. Stuttgart: Steiner, 2002.

Bremmer, Jan N., and Marco Formisano, eds. Perpetua’s Passions: Multidisciplinary Approaches to the Passio Perpetuae et Felicitatis. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Brock, Sebastian P. “Early Syrian Asceticism.” Numen 20 (1973): 1–19.

Brock, Sebastian, and Susan Ashbrook Harvey. Holy Women of the Syrian Orient. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987.

Brown, Peter. The Cult of the Saints: Its Rise and Function in Latin Christianity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1981.

———. “Enjoying the Saints in Late Antiquity.” Early Medieval Europe 9 (2000): 1–19.

Browne, Doreen R.G. “Ritual and Pain.” In The History of the Management of Pain, ed. Ronald D. Mann, 31–39. Park Ridge, N.J.: Parthenon, 1988.

Brunt, P.A. “Marcus Aurelius and the Christians.” In Studies in Latin Literature and Roman History, vol. 1, ed. C. Deroux, 483–519. Brussels: Latomus, 1979.

Burkitt, F.C. “The Oldest Manuscript of St. Justin’s Martyrdom.” Journal of Theological Studies 11 (1910): 61–66.

Burrus, Virginia. “Torture and Travail: Producing the Christian Martyr.” In A Feminist Companion to Patristic Literature, ed. Amy-Jill Levine and Maria Mayo Robbins, 56–71. London: T&T Clark, 2008.

Burton-Christie, Douglas. “Listening, Reading, Praying: Orality, Literacy and Early Christian Monastic Spirituality.” Anglican Theological Review 83 (2001): 197–221.

Butler, Rex. The New Prophecy and ‘New Visions’: Evidence of Montanism in the Passion of Perpetua and Felicitas. Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America, 2006.

Butterweck, Christel. “Martyriumssucht” in der alten Kirche? Studien zur Darstellung und Deutung frühchristlicher Martyrien. Tübingen: J.C.B. Mohr, 1995.

Buytendijk, F.J.J. Over de pijn, 2nd ed. Utrecht and Antwerp: Het Spectrum, 1957.

Bynum, Caroline Walker. “Bodily Miracles and the Resurrection of the Body in the High Middle Ages.” In Belief in History: Innovative Approaches to European and American Religion, ed. Thomas Kselman, 68–106. Notre Dame, Ind.: University of Notre Dame Press, 1991.

———. Fragmentation and Redemption: Essays on Gender and the Human Body in Medieval Religion. New York: Zone Books, 1991.

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Cameron, Averil. Christianity and the Rhetoric of Empire: The Development of Christian Discourse. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991.

Carlen, P.L., P.D. Wall, H. Nadvorna, and T. Steinbach. “Phantom Limbs and Related Phenomena in Recent Traumatic Amputations.” Neurology 28 (1978): 211–17.

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Chidester, David. Word and Light: Seeing, Hearing, and Religious Discourse. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1992.

Chiesa, Paolo. “Un Testo Agiografico Africano ad Aquileia: Gli Acta di Gallonio e dei Martiri di Timida Regia.” Analecta Bollandiana 114 (1996): 241–68.

Clark, Elizabeth A. History, Theory, Text. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 2004.

Clark, Gillian. “Bodies and Blood: Late Antique Debate on Martyrdom, Virginity, and Resurrection.” In Changing Bodies, Changing Meanings: Studies on the Human Body in Antiquity, ed. Dominic Montserrat, 99–115. London: Routledge, 1998.

Cobb, L. Stephanie. Dying to Be Men: Gender and Language in Early Christian Martyr Texts. New York: Columbia University Press, 2008.

———. “Polycarp’s Cup: Imitatio in the Martyrdom of Polycarp.” Journal of Religious History 38 (2014): 224–40.

———. “Women’s Leadership in the Early Church: Possibilities and Pushbacks.” In Frontiers in Spiritual Leadership: Discovering the Better Angels of Our Nature, ed. Scott Y. Allison, Craig T. Kocher, and George R. Goethals, 17–33. Jepson Studies in Leadership. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 2016.

Cohen, Esther. “The Animated Pain of the Body.” American Historical Review 105 (2000): 36–68.

———. The Modulated Scream: Pain in Late Medieval Culture. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2010.

———. “Towards a History of European Sensibility: Pain in the Later Middle Ages.” Science in Context 8 (1995): 47–74.

Coleman, K.M. “Fatal Charades: Roman Executions Staged as Mythological Enactments.” Journal of Roman Studies 80 (1990): 44–73.

Coles, R.A. Reports of Proceedings in Papyri. Papyrologica Bruxellensia 4. Brussels: Fondation Egyptologique Reine Elisabeth, 1966.

Collins, Adela Yarbro. “Finding Meaning in the Death of Jesus.” Journal of Religion 78 (1998): 175–96.

———. “From Noble Death to Crucified Messiah.” New Testament Studies 40 (1994): 481–503.

———. “The Genre of the Passion Narrative.” Studia Theologica 47 (1993): 3–28.

Collins, Randall. “Interactional Ritual Chains and Collective Effervescence.” In Collective Emotions: Perspectives from Psychology, Philosophy, and Sociology, ed. Christian von Scheve and Mikko Salmela, 299–311. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2014.

Conybeare, Catherine. “The Ambiguous Laughter of Saint Laurence.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 10 (2002): 175–202.

Cooper, Kate. Band of Angels: The Forgotten World of Early Christian Women. New York: Overlook Press, 2013.

———. “A Father, A Daughter and a Procurator: Authority and Resistance in the Prison Memoir of Perpetua of Carthage.” Gender and History 23 (2011): 685–702.

———. “The Voice of the Victim: Gender, Representation, and Early Christian Martyrdom.” Bulletin of the John Rylands Library of Manchester 80 (1998): 147–57.

Cottrill, Amy C. “A Reading of Ehud and Jael through the Lens of Affect Theory.” Biblical Interpretation 22 (2014): 430–49.

Culler, Jonathan. On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism. Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1982.

Daniélou, Jean. The Origins of Latin Christianity. Philadelphia: Westminster Press, 1977.

De’ Cavalieri, P. Franchi. “Attorno al più antico testo del Martyrium S. Theodori Tironis.” In Note agiografiche III (Studi e testi 22), ed. P. Franchi de’ Cavalieri, 91–107. Rome: Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1909.

———. “La Passio S. Theagenis.” In Note agiografiche IV (Studi e testi 24), ed. P. Frachi de’ Cavalieri, 179–85. Rome: Tipografia poliglotta vaticana, 1912.

———. “Osservazione sopra alcuni Atti di martiri da Settimio Severo a Massimino Daza.” Nuovo bollettino di archelogia cristiana 10 (1904): 5–39.

De Moulin, Daniel. “A Historical-Phenomenological Study of Bodily Pain in Western Man.” Bulletin of the History of Medicine 48 (1974): 540–70.

De Wet, Chris L. Preaching Bondage: John Chrysostom and the Discourse of Slavery in Early Christianity. Oakland: University of California Press, 2015.

Dehandschutter, Boudewijn. “The Martyrium Polycarpi: A Century of Research.” Aufstieg und Niedergang der römischen Welt 27.1: 485–522, Part 2, Principat, 27.1, ed. Wolfgang Haase and Hildegard Temporini. New York: de Gruyter, 1993.

Deissmann, Adolf. Light from the Ancient East: The New Testament Illustrated by Recently Discovered Texts of the Graeco-Roman World, trans. L.R.M. Strachan, rev. ed. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1927.

Delehaye, Hippolyte. Les Légendes grecques des saints militaires. Paris: A. Picard, 1909.

———. Les Origines du culte des martyrs. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes, 1933.

———. Les Passions des martyrs et les genres littéraires. Brussels: Société des Bollandistes, 1996.

———. The Work of the Bollandists through Three Centuries, 1615–1915. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1922.

Denzey, Nicola. “Facing the Beast: Justin, Christian Martyrdom, and Freedom of the Will.” In Stoicism in Early Christianity, ed. Tuomas Rasimus, Troels Engberg-Pedersen, and Ismo Dunderberg, 176–99. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Baker Academic, 2010.

DeSilva, David A. “An Example of How to Die Nobly for Religion: The Influence of 4 Maccabees on Origen’s Exhortatio ad Martyrium.” Journal of Early Christian Studies 17 (2009): 337–56.

Doniger, Wendy. “Terror and Gallows Humor: After September 11?” www.press.uchicago.edu/sites/daysafter/911doniger.html

Döring, Klaus. Exemplum Socratis: Studien zur Sokratesnachwirkung in der kynisch-stoischen Popularphilosophie der frühen Kaiserzeit und im frühen Christentum. Hermes Einzelschriften, 42. Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner, 1979.

Dormandy, Thomas. The Worst of Evils: The Fight against Pain. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2006.

Doty, William G. Letters in Primitive Christianity. Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1979.

Douglas, A.E. “Cicero the Philosopher.” In Cicero, ed. T.A. Dorey, 135–70. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1964.

Douglas, Mary. Natural Symbols: Explorations in Cosmology. New York: Pantheon, 1982.

———. “Social Preconditions of Enthusiasm and Heterodoxy.” In Forms of Symbolic Action, Proceedings of the 1969 Annual Meeting of the American Ethnological Society, ed. Robert F. Spencer, 69–80. Seattle and London: American Ethnological Society, 1969.

Droge, Arthur J., and James D. Tabor. A Noble Death: Suicide and Martyrdom among Christians and Jews in Antiquity. San Francisco: HarperSanFrancisco, 1992.

Duncan, G. “Mind-Body Dualism and the Biopsychosocial Model of Pain: What Did Descartes Really Say?” Journal of Medicine and Philosophy 25 (2000): 485–513.

Durkheim, Émile. Elementary Forms of Religious Life, trans. Karen E. Fields. New York: Free Press, 1995.

Dutsch, Dorota M. Feminine Discourse in Roman Comedy: On Echoes and Voices. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2008.

Ebbeler, Jennifer V. Disciplining Christians: Correction and Community in Augustine’s Letters. New York: Oxford University Press, 2012.

Edmondson, J.C. “Dynamic Arenas.” In Roman Theater and Society, ed. William J. Slater, 69–112. E. Togo Salmon Papers, 1. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1996.

Edwards, Catharine. Death in Ancient Rome. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 2007.

———. “The Suffering Body: Philosophy and Pain in Seneca’s Letters.” In Constructions of the Classical Body, ed. James I. Porter, 252–68. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999.

Edwards, Mark, Martin Goodman, and Simon Price, eds. Apologetics in the Roman Empire: Pagans, Jews, and Christians. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.

Ehrman, Bart D. Forgery and Counterforgery: The Use of Literary Deceit in Early Christian Polemics. New York: Oxford University Press, 2013.

———. Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. New York: Oxford University Press, 2005.

Eigler, Ulrich. “Exitus illustrium virorum.” Der Neue Pauly 4 (1998): 344–45.

Eisenberger, Naomi I., M.D. Lieberman, and K.D. Williams. “Does Rejection Hurt? An fMRI Study of Social Exclusion.” Science 302 (2003): 209–92.

Elliott, Alison Goddard. Roads to Paradise: Rereading the Lives of the Early Saints. Hanover, N.H.: Brown University Press, 1987.

Elm, Susanna. “Roman Pain and the Rise of Christianity.” In Quo Vadis Medical Healing: Past Concepts and New Approaches, ed. Susanna Elm and Stefan N. Willich, 41–54. New York: Springer, 2009.

Exler, Francis Xavier J. “The Form of the Ancient Greek Letter: A Study in Greek Epistolography.” PhD dissertation, Catholic University of America, 1923.

Fagan, Garrett G. Bathing in Public in the Roman World. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2002.

———. The Lure of the Arena: Social Psychology and the Crowd at the Roman Games. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2011.

Farb, Peter. “Speaking Seriously about Humor.” Massachusetts Review 22 (1981): 760–76.

Ferguson, Everett. Backgrounds of Early Christianity. Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans, 2003.

Fogel, Alan. “Emotional and Physical Pain Activate Similar Brain Regions.” Psychology Today, April 19, 2012. Online.

Foucault, Michel. Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison, trans. Alan Sheridan. New York: Vintage, 1979.

Fowler, Robert M. Let the Reader Understand: Reader-Response Criticism and the Gospel of Mark. Harrisburg, Pa.: Trinity Press International, 1996.

Fox, Robin Lane. “Literacy and Power in Early Christianity.” In Literacy and Power in the Ancient World, ed. Alan K. Bowman and Greg Woolf, 126–48. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994.

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