Page numbers after 218 refer to notes.
Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Acheson, Dean, 139, 145–47, 153–55, 159, 174, 206, 207
Afghanistan, 202
Africa, 85
AI, See artificial intelligence
Airbus, 60
Alexander, Keith, 62
allies, involvement in fight with China, 182–83
Allison, Graham, 82
Amazon, 121
ammunition, 182, 184
Andaman and Nicobar Islands, 72
Anglo-French entente, 92
Angola, 157
anti-imperialism, 162–70
Apple, 113–14, 121
artificial intelligence (AI), 11, 61, 112–16, 121, 163
ASEAN (Association of Southeast Asian Nations), 21, 74
“Asia for Asians,” 5–6
Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank, 11
Assad, Bashar al-, 125
Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), 21, 74
asymmetric warfare, 208–10
Athens, 81–82
atomic bombs, 142, 152
austerity programs, 200
Australia, 71, 120, 153, 165, 173, 182–83
Austria-Hungary, 89–90, 93, 95
autocracy, 4, 31–32, 104, 107, 117–25
Balkans, 92
Baltic states, 188
Bangladesh, 168
Becoming China’s Bitch (Kiernan), 40
BeiDou, 115
Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), 10, 21, 41–42, 53, 62, 64, 72, 76, 111, 199–200
Berlin, Germany, 142, 143, 150, 151
Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 92, 94
Bhutan, 52
Biden, Joe, and administration, 65, 67–68, 70, 132, 160–61, 170, 173, 187
big data technologies, 113–14, 121
Bill of Rights, 117
Bismarck, Otto von, 89–90, 94, 140
Boeing, 60
Book of Changes (classic text), 108
Bradley, Omar, 153
Brexit, 21
Brezhnev Doctrine, 174
BRI, See Belt and Road Initiative
broadband, 172
Brooks, Stephen, 164
Brown, Mike, 112
Brzezinski, Zbigniew, 6
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 158
Bülow, Bernhard von, 91
Burma, 52
Bush, George H. W., and administration, 158–59, 215
Bush, George W., and administration, 59, 60, 63, 186–87
calculated risk-taking, 151–55, 162
Cambodia, 127
Cameron, David, 72
Canada, 72, 73, 165, 167
capital flight, 49
capitalism, 2
capital-output ratio, 36–37
CCP, See Chinese Communist Party
“Century of Humiliation,” 27–28
Chiang Kai-shek, 14, 28, 98, 100, 146
China; See also Chinese Communist Party; Taiwan; Xi Jinping
ambitions, 1–13
aviation industry, 112
building of economic empire, 106
in Cold War, 144
conduct, 17–20
Constitution of, 2, 4
declining economic fortunes, 34–47
defense spending, 131–32
demography, 24–25, 32–36, 198–99
desire for international prestige, 210
dissidents, 12, 14, 121, 204
economy, 4, 42–51, 76, 84–89, 104, 172–73, 196
exports and imports, 112, 166
five-year plan (2021), 113
foreign loans, 199–200
goals, 3–8
infrastructure development, 10
leadership in international organizations, 120
military buildup, 8, 9, 61, 65, 68, 104, 107, 111, 184
politics of reassurance, with United States, 20
predatory economic practices, 163, 168
relations with European Union, 72–74, 167–68
relations with India, 52–55
relations with Japan, 97–99, 127–28
relations with Russia, 74–75, 213–15
relations with Soviet Union, 28
reversal of fortunes, 34–47
rise of, 26–34
in the 2030s, 198–202
security strategy, 107–9
technological primacy, 106, 203
transfer of power, 201–3
view of America, 13–17
China-EU Comprehensive Agreement on Investment, 167
China Standards 2035, 115–16
Chinese Civil War, 27–28
Chinese Communist Party (CCP)
goals and objectives of, 2–13
and reform movement, 29–32, 46
repression, 118–19
threat from U.S., 13–17, 20
choke-point technologies, 113, 165
Christensen, Thomas, 58–59
Churchill, Winston, 138, 154
CIA (Central Intelligence Agency), 149
civil-military fusion, 113
Clarke, Richard, 174
climate change, 192, 212
Clinton, Bill, 14
Clinton, Hillary, 13
cloud computing, 115, 166
Cold War, 138–59
China in, 144
factors in U.S success, 193–94, 202, 207, 215–16
France in, 144
Germany in, 149
Greece in, 144, 148
Japan in, 144–45, 147, 149, 153
legacy of, 210, 214
as long game, 155–59, 161
as model for cooperation with allies, 164
offensive and defensive actions in, 151–55
Philippines in, 153
prioritization of resources in, 143–47
strategy and tactics, 147–51, 189
supply chains, during, 164
Turkey in, 144, 148
Western Europe in, 144–45
communication channels, 192
communications networks, 179–80, 182
Communism, 156
Community of Democracies, 171
Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP), 164
computer hacking, 171–72
computer vision technologies, 172
concentration camps, 123
confidence-building mechanisms, 191
Congress, 64
convening power, 168–69
Coordinating Committee for Multilateral Export Controls (CoCom), 166
Corcyra, 83
Corinth, 83
costs, imposing, 178–79, 208–10
counter-China cooperation, international, 73, 76
counter-encirclement, 29, 115
COVID-19 pandemic, 22, 54, 65, 76, 77, 116, 120, 167–68, 173
CPTPP (Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership), 164
Crimea, 88
crisis management, 191
critical networks, 188
critical technologies, 104, 163, 166, 176, 191
Crowe, Eyre, 91
Cultural Revolution, 4–5
cyberattacks, 180, 184, 185, 188
cyber mercenaries, 204
Czechoslovakia, 127, 142, 150
Czech Republic, 73
Dai Hong, 116
Dai Xu, 77
Davidson, Philip, 134
Death by China (Navarro), 40
debt, 44–45
debt-trap diplomacy, 200
deep fakes, 124
defending forward, 170
Defense Innovation Unit, 112
democracy, 117–25, 170–77
Deng Xiaoping, 16, 20, 30, 60, 118, 260n18
Denmark, 89
Diaoyu Islands, 128
digital authoritarianism, 122–24, 171, 198, 206, 209
digital revolution, 121–22
Digital Silk Road, 10–11, 21, 114
digital technologies, 170–77
disinformation, 114, 124
dissidents, 12, 14, 121, 204
divorce, 24
Document No. 9, 19
domestic rejuvenation, 211–12
double-containment strategy, 187–88
dual circulation, 111–13
dual containment, 214
Dulles, John Foster, 157, 190
Dutch East Indies, 100, 102
Duterte, Rodrigo, 70
East Asia, 5, 16, 56, 85, 87, 98, 128–32, 179–80, 197
East China Sea, 5, 10, 125
Eastern Europe, 5–6, 19, 188
e-commerce, 46
economic bloc, free-world, 164–69, 187, 193
economic cooperation, 172–73
economic growth and stagnation, 79–104
Germany during World War I, 89–96
Japan during World War II, 96–104
Peloponnesian Wars, 81–83
slowdowns, 25, 34–51, 84–89
economic reform, 29–32
economy, global, See global economy
Eisenhower, Dwight, and administration, 153, 156, 206, 214
embargos, 101, 154, 166, 190, 191, 196
emerging technology, 212
encirclement, See counter-encirclement; strategic encirclement
encryption, 165
energy imports, 38
energy resources, 188
environmental degradation, 37
Epidamnus, 83
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip, 125
Esper, Mark, 114, 166
espionage, 114, 163
Ethiopia, 166
Eurasia, 2
European allies, 186–90
European Commission, 174
European Recovery Plan, See Marshall Plan
European Union
Britain’s decision to leave, 21
EU–U.S. Trade and Technology Council, 175
relations with China, 72–74, 167–68
relations with Japan, 164
relations with Russia, 87–88
relations with U.S., 175
Evergrande (real estate company), 45
exodus of wealthy, 49
export-driven growth, 199
Facebook, 121, 124
facial-recognition technologies, 121, 172
fiber-optic cables, 114
Financial Times, 25
Finland, 169
First Island Chain, 68
Fisher, Jackie, 91
Five Eyes intelligence alliance, 165
5G technology, 54, 64, 72, 112, 114–15, 166, 169, 176
food security, 37–38
forced sterilization, 123
foreign economic engagement, 111
foreign investment, 30
foreign lending, 110
foreign trade, 41–42
France, 72, 80, 85, 89, 165
in Cold War, 144
exports, 94
relations with Germany, 91, 94
relations with Great Britain, 91
Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 94–95
Freedom House, 120
free-world economic bloc, 164–69, 187, 193
Fu Ying, 6
Galwan clash, 52–54
“Gang of Four,” 30
GDP, See gross domestic product
geopolitics, 17–18, 26–29, 40–42
Georgia, 87
Germany, 72, 165, 184, 190
in Cold War, 149
imperial, 13, 79–80, 89–96, 91, 94
labor strikes, 94
Nazi, 13
relations with France, 91, 94
relations with Great Britain, 89, 91, 92
relations with Russia, 91
relations with U.S., 91
and World War I, 89–96, 159
global economy, 15, 20, 28, 59, 97, 106, 163, 165, 203
global financial crisis of 2008-2009, 21, 40–41
Global Positioning System (GPS), 115
global power, 6–8
global telecommunications networks, 115
Global Times (newspaper), 7, 134
Google, 121
Gorbachev, Mikhail, 158–59, 202
government repression, 49–50
GPS (Global Positioning System), 115
Great Britain, 72, 114–15, 148, 165, 167
decision to leave European Union, 21
intelligence services, 152
naval forces, 93
relations with France, 91
relations with Germany, 89, 91, 92
relations with Japan, 91, 96, 100
relations with Russia, 91
relations with U.S., 91
trade with Germany, 94
Great Leap Forward, 25, 29
Greece, 142–44, 148
Greitens, Sheena Chestnut, 109
gross domestic product (GDP), 31, 34–35, 43–44, 76, 84, 118, 156, 169, 189, 199
Hainan Island, 69
Harvard University, 82, 139
Haspel, Gina, 64
Hemingway, Ernest, 62
Hengtong Group, 115
high-technology industries, See technology(-ies)
Himalayas, 10, 53, 127
Hitler, Adolf, 101, 140
Hong Kong, 5, 22, 121, 126
Huawei, 11, 47, 54, 64, 72–73, 112, 114–16, 166, 169
Hu Jintao, 21, 260
human rights, 12, 167, 168, 197–98
Hundred Year Marathon, The (Pillsbury), 62
hyperglobalization, 31, 42
ideological competition, 109, 197
ideological imperative, 18–19
IMF, See International Monetary Fund
imperialism, 109–17, 162–70
India, 5, 168, 177, 182–83
relations with China, 52–55
relations with U.S., 54, 71–72, 127
Indian Ocean, 72
Indochina, 100–101
Indonesia, 45, 70
institutional decay, 38–40
intelligence services, 152
Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces Treaty, 190
international accords, 212
International Civil Aviation Organization, 120
international cooperation against China, 71–73, 76
International Development Finance Corporation, 64
International Monetary Fund (IMF), 11, 29, 200
Internet, 11, 173–74, 196
Internet Freedom League, 174
investing in sources of strength, 210–11
Iran, 124, 144, 157
Iron Curtain, 143, 152, 159
ISIS, 60
Israel, 181
Italy, 72, 93, 99, 144, 149
Jakarta, 70
Jang Zemin, 260n18
Japan, 5, 13, 15, 72, 85, 88, 143, 165, 168, 190
in Cold War, 144–45, 147, 149, 153
defense spending, 68
and democracy, 117
economy, in World War II era, 96–97, 99
economy of, 45
investment in China, 74
military buildup, 98
relations with China, 97–99, 127–28
relations with European Union, 164
relations with Great Britain, 91, 96, 100
relations with Korea, 96
relations with Manchuria, 98–99
relations with Russia, 96
relations with Soviet Union, 101
relations with Taiwan, 96
relations with U.S., 68–69, 96, 100–102, 127
Sixth Army, 100
during World War II, 28, 96–104
J-curve theory of revolution, 239
Jiang Zemin, 108
Johnson, Boris, 72
Joint Chiefs of Staff, 129, 142, 148, 153
Kagan, Donald, 82–83
Kahl, Colin, 122
Kendall, Frank, 61
Kennan, George, 4, 63, 138–39, 140–41, 145, 148, 150, 152, 158, 216
Kennedy, John F., 194
Kennedy, Paul, 89
Khamenei, Sayyid Ali Hosseini, 125
Khrushchev, Nikita, 156
Kim Jong-un, 125
Kissinger, Henry, 8, 28
Knake, Rob, 174
Konoye, Fumimaro, 99
Korea, relations with Japan, 96
Korean War, 26, 126–27, 143–44, 146–47, 152–56, 189, 206
Kyiv, Ukraine, 88
Latin America, 85
Lee Hsien Loong, 73–74
Lee Kwan Yew, 18
Lenin, Vladimir, 109–10
Lenin trap, 109–17
Li Keqiang, 48
limits of strategy, 190–93
Lithuania, 73
Lloyd George, David, 103
Locsin, Teodoro, Jr., 70
logistics networks, 179–80
“long game,” 162
Long Telegram, 63, 138
low-earth orbiting satellites, 172
Lukashenko, Alexander, 125
Macao, 126
MacArthur, Douglas, 153, 154
Mackinder, Halford, 13
Made in China 2025 program, 11, 112
Mahan, Alfred Thayer, 13
malware, 121
Manchuria, 87, 98–99
Mao Zedong, 2, 4, 26, 29–30, 31
Mao Zedong Thought, 39
Markey, Daniel, 10
Marshall, Andrew, 16, 208
Marshall, George C., 139, 141, 145, 148
Marshall Plan, 139, 143, 145, 151–52
Matsuoka, Yosuke, 96, 99
Mattis, James, 5
McCarthyism, 211
McGregor, Richard, 78
Meiji Restoration, 96
Middle East, 187
Middle East, wars in, 21
military bases in East Asia, U.S., 179–80
military buildups
Chinese, 8, 9, 61, 65, 68, 104, 107, 111, 184
Japanese, 98
Russian, 88
U.S., 143, 153, 156, 159, 206, 210
military communications systems, 179–80, 182
millennial generation, 118
Mitteleuropa, 90, 94
Modi, Narendra, 53, 54, 71–72
Moltke, Helmuth von, 80, 95
multilateral decoupling, 169–70
multilateral sanctions, 209
multinational cooperation, 170–77, 186–90
Napoleon, 79
Napoleonic Wars, 183
National Bureau of Statistics (China), 25, 43
National Defense Strategy, 63
National Security Commission (China), 107
National Security Council (U.S.), 63, 156
National Standardization Management Committee (China), 116
NATO, 56, 143, 145, 150, 154, 187, 189, 213–14, 252n33
natural language processing technologies, 172
Nazi Germany, 99
negotiations, 212–13
Nepal, 52
Netherlands, 72, 165
“New Order,” 99
New Zealand, 72, 153
Nicaragua, 157
Nicholas II, 92
9/11 attacks, 60
Nixon, Richard, 26–27, 215
Nobel Peace Prize, 12
North China Plain, 27
North Korea, 127, 142, 146–47, 152–53
Norway, 12
NSC-68 (classified report), 152–53
nuclear weapons, 9, 184
Obama, Barack, and administration, 8, 60, 63, 70, 132, 187, 259
offense as best defense, 151–55
Office of Net Assessment, 16
oil, Middle Eastern, 146
oil embargo, Japanese, 101
olive branch, extending the, 215–16
Olney, Richard, 85
One-Child policy, 34–36
Open RAN, 169
Opium Wars, 6–7, 18, 27
Orbán, Viktor, 125
Ottoman Empire, 93
pacing of U.S. strategy, 206–7
Pakistan, 52, 53, 191
Panama Canal, 86
partisan political divisions, 124
partnerships against imperialism, 162–70
patience, 216
peak China, 24–51
China’s rise, 26–34
economic apprehension, 47–51
reversal of fortunes, 34–47
Pearl Harbor, 102, 191
Pei, Minxin, 19
Peloponnesian Wars, 81–83
Pentagon, 16, 63, 68, 112
People’s Daily, 112
People’s Liberation Army (PLA), 9–10, 105
People’s Republic of China, See China
Permanent Court of Arbitration, 128
Perry, William, 60
Persia, 94
Persian Gulf War (1990-1991), 135
Philippines, 9–10, 15, 70, 86, 96, 101, 102, 128, 129, 153
Philippine Sea, 72
Pichai, Sundar, 114
PLA (People’s Liberation Army), 9–10, 105
Pompeo, Mike, 63
Portugal, 126
post-danger zone strategies, 194–216
altered structure of world politics, 196–98
China in the 2030s, 198–202
politics of potential successors to Xi, 202–4
protracted war, 204–16
power transition, 80, 81–82
prioritization, 161
productivity, 43–47
protectionism, 110
protracted war, 183–86
Prussia, 90
Puerto Rico, 86
pushing rivals together, 213–15
Putin, Vladimir, 74, 87, 119, 125, 189
Qiao Liang, 77
Qing Dynasty, 96, 108
Quad (four-nation partnership), 54, 72, 76
quantum computing, 163, 165
racism, 198
ransomware, 188
Rathenau, Walther, 94
Reagan, Ronald, and administration, 133, 157, 158, 215
realistic expectations, 192
reclamation, of lost territories, 5
Red Army, 100, 140
reformist movement, 29–31
regime security, 108–9
regional power, 5–6
re-globalization, 164
repression, 121–22
resistance movements, 121
resources, natural, 33, 36–38
revolutions of 1989, 118
rising powers, 80
Rock, The (film), 105
Rolland, Nadège, 7
Romney, Mitt, 41
Roosevelt, Franklin D., 97, 100, 101, 216
Royal Australian Navy, 71
Russia, 74, 79, 86–89, 119, 124, 136; See also Soviet Union
autocracy, 87
economy, 94
energy influence, 188
invasion of Georgia (2008), 187
invasion of Ukraine, 74–75, 88, 125, 132, 186–89
military buildup, 88
military forces, 93
parallels with China, 187
relations with China, 74–75, 213–15
relations with European Union, 87–88
relations with Germany, 91
relations with Great Britain, 91
relations with Japan, 96
Ryukyu Islands, 68–69, 181
satellite systems, 114–15, 130–31, 135, 152, 172
Saturday Review, 92
Schengen Agreement, 174
Schlieffen Plan, 92–93, 95
Schmidt, Eric, 61
Schuman, Michael, 18
self-improvement, 211–12
Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation, 47
semiconductors, 47, 66, 113, 129, 160, 165, 166, 169, 212
computer chips, 254n9
Senkaku Islands, 10, 68, 128
Serbia, 93–95
SEZs (Special Economic Zones), 30
Shidehara, Kijūrō, 97
shipbuilding, 2, 9
Singapore, 69, 73–74
smart-city technology, 122–23
Smith, Adam, 194
socialism, 2
sources of strength, investing in, 210–11
South China Sea, 5, 9, 15, 21, 61, 64, 69–71, 72, 111, 125, 128
South Korea, 12, 117, 142, 146–47, 152–53, 165, 169
sovereignty, 12
Soviet bloc, 152, 154, 166
Soviet Union, 5–6, 13, 117, 155; See also Russia
collapse, 4
control of Eastern Europe, 19
relations with China, 28
relations with Japan, 101
Spanish-American War, 86
Sparta, 81–82
Special Economic Zones (SEZs), 30
speech-recognition technologies, 172
Spykman, Nicholas, 17
Sri Lanka, 53, 200
Stalin, Joseph, 141, 146, 151, 152, 158
State Department Policy Planning Staff, 138
sterilization, forced, 123
Strait of Malacca, 183
strategic encirclement
of China, 51, 55–58, 78, 106, 108, 137, 202
and counter-encirclement, 29, 115
of Germany, 91
of Japan, 101–3
of rising powers, 80–81, 89
strategic industries, 113
strategic patience, 216
strategic purpose, combining tactical ability with, 147–51
strategic urgency, 161–62, 216
strategy for danger zone, 160–93
democracy protection, 170–77
European allies, 186–90
limits of, 190–93
protracted war, 183–86
saving Taiwan, 177–83, 193
strategic partnerships against imperialism, 162–70
strength, investing in key sources of, 210–11
structural adjustment programs, 200
subprime lending, 110
subsidization, 37, 39, 47–49, 110, 112, 163, 167, 176–77, 180
Sun Also Rises, The (Hemingway), 62
supply chains, 188
during Cold War, 164
high-tech, 160, 165, 169
integration of China into, in 1990s, 59
security of, 111, 113
shifting away from China, 42, 66, 76, 165, 168–69, 176, 196–97, 207
synthetic biology, 163
Syria, 87
Taiping Rebellion, 28
Taiwan, 5, 10, 15, 161
China’s revanchist campaign toward, 9, 66–67, 129–37, 161, 177–83
Chinese military attacks on, 127
cutting of diplomatic ties with, 126
defensive measures, 184–85
and democracy, 117
military capabilities, 132–33
offensive preparations, 184–85
policy toward, 22
relations with Japan, 96
relations with United States, 67–68, 180–82, 193
as strategic porcupine, 67, 178, 206
Taiwan Strait, 28, 61, 131, 178–83
tariffs, 173, 254
Taylor, A. J. P., 79
technical standards, 115–16, 166
technological divisions, 196
technological world, splintering, 196–97
technology(-ies); See also 5G technology; semiconductors
artificial intelligence, 11, 61, 112–16, 121, 163
big data, 113–14, 121
broadband, 172
choke-point, 113, 165
computer vision, 172
critical, 104, 163, 166, 176, 191
digital, 170–77
emerging, 212
encryption, 165
facial-recognition, 121, 172
fiber-optic cables, 114
GPS, 115
Internet, 11, 173–74, 196
low-earth orbiting satellites, 172
military communications systems, 180, 182
natural language processing, 172
nuclear weapons, 9
quantum computing, 163, 165
ransomware, 188
satellite systems, 114–15, 130–31, 135, 152, 172
smart-city, 122–23
speech-recognition, 172
supply chains for, 160, 165, 169
synthetic biology, 163
telecommunications, 11, 47, 54, 115, 163, 168, 169, 179
territorial disputes, 126
Tesla, 113–14
Third World, 156–57
Third-World Debt Crisis, 200
Thucydides, 81–82, 109
Tiananmen Square massacre, 4–5, 14, 30, 58
Tibet, 5, 14, 204
TikTok, 54
Tobin, Liza, 7
Tojo, Hideki, 102
Transformers (film), 105
Trans-Pacific Partnership, 65, 69
Treasury Department, 169
Tripartite Pact, 100
Triple Entente, 80, 92
Truman, Harry, and administration, 141–57, 159, 162
Truman Doctrine, 142–43, 148
Trump, Donald, and administration, 21, 41, 63–68, 70, 112, 114–15, 132, 168, 187, 211
Turkey, 142–44, 148
Twain, Mark, 78
Twitter, 121
Uighurs, 14, 73, 109, 123, 204
Ukraine, 74–75, 87–88, 94, 125, 132, 186–89
UNHCR (UN Human Rights Council), 11
United Nations, 29, 116, 117
United States; See also U.S.-China relations
aid to Taiwan, 180–81
armed forces in Asia, 132
Civil War, 183
defense budget, 189
and democratic values, 19
domestic rejuvenation, 211–12
economy, 45
engagement paradigm, 59–62
and European allies, 186–90
geographic isolation of, 55–56
hegemony of, 56, 163
investing in key sources of strength, 210–11
military buildup, 143, 153, 156, 159, 206, 210
military capabilities, 133–34, 142
network of alliances, 208–9
in 19th century, 85–86
relations with allies, 210–11
relations with European Union, 175
relations with Germany, 91
relations with Great Britain, 91
relations with India, 54, 71–72, 127
relations with Japan, 68–69, 96, 100–102, 127
relations with Philippines, 129
relations with Soviet Union, 158
relations with Taiwan, 67–68, 193
as threat to Chinese Communist Party, 13–17, 20
and World War II, 28
United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA), 64, 164
Universal Declaration on Human Rights, 117
U.S. Constitution, 252
U.S. Navy, 10, 64, 72, 102
U.S. State Department, 138, 149
U.S. tariffs, 112
U.S.-China relations, 2–3, 7, 13–17, 58–62
under Biden administration, 66
collapse, 62–66
investment, 74
under Mao, 26–30
and politics of reassurance, 20
pursuing negotiations, 212–13
responding to changing conditions, 205–6
trade relations, 59, 64, 196
under Trump administration, 64–65
USMCA (United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement), 64, 164
victory, envisioning, 204–6
Vietnam, 15, 28, 69, 128, 146, 157, 168
Vietnam War, 26, 206
Wang Jisi, 15–16
war, protracted, 183–86
Warlord Era, 108
War Reserve Stocks for Allies, 181
Warring States period, 108
war termination, preparing for, 185–86
WeChat, 54
Wei Fenghe, 77
Wen Jiabao, 4, 48
Western Europe, 144–45, 156
West Germany, 143, 154
When China Rules the World (Jacques), 40
WHO (World Health Organization), 11
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 79, 90, 95
windows of opportunity, 107, 125–30, 139, 141–42
win-win diplomacy, illusion of, 60–61
Wohlforth, William, 164
wolf-warrior diplomacy, 168
World Bank, 11, 29, 200
World Court, 128
World Health Organization (WHO), 11
world politics, post-danger zone, 196–98
World Trade Organization (WTO), 30
World War I, 89–96, 159, 183–84
World War II, 28, 80, 96–104, 140, 183, 214
Wray, Christopher, 64
WTO (World Trade Organization), 30, 41, 163
Xi Jinping, 48–49, 170, 183
and anti-democratic toolkit, 119
and Joe Biden, 65
and “Chinese Dream,” 1–3, 6, 7, 12, 16, 22–23
and emerging markets, 199
and institutional decay, 39
and national security, 105–8
politics of potential successors, 202–4
and Vladimir Putin, 74–75
self-portrayal, 125
Stalinist tendencies of, 140
succession, 201
and Thucydides Trap, 82
treatment of potential rivals, 50
urged to invade Taiwan soon, 134
Xi Jinping Thought, 2, 39
Xinhua (news agency), 6, 37
Xinjiang, 73, 109, 120, 123, 167
Yalu River, 153
Yamamoto, Isoruku, 101, 102
Yang Jiechi, 6, 22
Yanukovich, Victor, 88
Yan Xuetong, 21, 77
Yazov, Dmitri, 203
Yuan Nansheng, 77
Yugoslavia, 149
ZTE (telecommunications company), 11, 47, 54