1 Abraham Maslow, Maslow on Management (New York: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1998), 282.
2 Many excellent works informed my understanding of Douglass’s life. First and foremost are his autobiographies and speeches. Of immense help were also: David Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018); John Stauffer and Henry Louis Gates Jr., The Portable Frederick Douglass (New York: Penguin Classics, 2016); Nicholas Buccula, The Political Thought of Frederick Douglass: In Pursuit of American Liberty (New York: New York University Press, 2012).
3 Frederick Douglass, The Speeches of Frederick Douglass: A Critical Edition, ed. John R. McKivigan, Julie Husband, and Heather L. Kaufman (New Haven and London: Yale University Press, 2018), 62.
4 Frederick Douglass, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: From 1817-1882, written by himself; with an Introduction by the Right Hon. John Bright, ed. John Lobb (London: Christian Age Office, 1882), 52, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/douglass-the-life-and-times-of-frederick-douglass-from-1817-1882.
5 David Blight, Frederick Douglass: Prophet of Freedom (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2018), 43–47.
6 Frederick Douglass, My Bondage and My Freedom, ed. David W. Blight (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2014), 161.
7 Frederick Douglass, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: From 1817-1882, written by himself; with an Introduction by the Right Hon. John Bright, ed. John Lobb (London: Christian Age Office, 1882), 87, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/douglass-the-life-and-times-of-frederick-douglass-from-1817-1882.
8 Frederick Douglass, The Life and Times of Frederick Douglass: From 1817-1882, written by himself; with an Introduction by the Right Hon. John Bright, ed. John Lobb (London: Christian Age Office, 1882), 177, http://oll.libertyfund.org/titles/douglass-the-life-and-times-of-frederick-douglass-from-1817-1882.
9 Frederick Douglass, “Our Composite Nationality: An Address Delivered in Boston, Massachusetts, on 7 December 1869,” in The Frederick Douglass Papers Speeches, Debates, and Interviews, Vol. 4, 1864–80, ed. John W. Blassingame and John R. McKivigan (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1992), 253.
10 “Key Substance Use and Mental Health Indicators in the United States: Results from the 2018 National Survey on Drug Use and Health,” Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (2019), accessed April 20, 2020, 50–51, https://www.samhsa.gov/data/sites/default/files/cbhsq-reports/NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018 /NSDUHNationalFindingsReport2018.pdf.
11 Based on a study conducted by The Phoenix, less than 20 percent of survey respondents relapsed during the first three months. Researchers reviewing the effectiveness of other programs find a range of 50–70 percent relapse rates for the same period. See: Nicholas Guenzel and Dennis McChargue, “Addiction Relapse Prevention,” StatPearls (2019), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551500/; Rajita Sinha, “New Findings on Biological Factors Predicting Addiction Relapse Vulnerability,” Current Psychiatry Reports 13 (2011), https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3674771/