Notes for the Preface
1. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon: A History of Modern Pagan Witchcraft. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 1999. p. 3.
Notes for Part I
1. Crossan, J. D. The Historical Jesus: The Life of a Mediterranean Jewish Peasant. San Francisco, Calif.: HarperCollins, 1992. pp. 142, 143.
2. Honi’s story is taken from Ibid., p. 145.
3. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, ed. M. Leach. New York, N.Y.: Harper & Row, 1984. p. 235.
4. If you like variety, you will find a large selection of circle castings and quarter calls in my book To Stir a Magick Cauldron.
5. “So mote it be” was first noted in Masonic rites in the 1700s.
6. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural Icons & The Meanings Behind Them. New York, N. Y.: Meridian, 1989. p. 71.
7. Smolin, L. Three Roads to Quantum Physics. New York, N.Y.: Basic Books, 2001. p. 231.
8. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects. New York, N. Y.: HarperCollins Publishers, 1998. p. 41.
9. Lady MorningStar is an elder of the Black Forest Clan, Coven of the Pale Horse.
10. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 2000. p. 55. Gimbutas, M. The Language of the Goddess. New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins, 1991. pp. 147–149.
11. It is believed that Gerald Gardner’s method of the consecration of the liquid comes from the sixth-degree initiation of the OTO, in which a man dips the point of the blade in a cup of wine held by a woman—however, in the Wiccan rite in group format, this is reversed. The man holds the cup and the female holds the athame (Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 231. Valiente, Doreen, Rebirth of Witchcraft, p. 60.) In the modern Craft tradition, holy water is made the same way, where the athame is dipped into the liquid; however, in most cases this is a solitary process where the chalice of water sits on the center of the altar.
12. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural Icons & The Meanings Behind Them, p. 362.
13. Walker, B. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets. New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins Publishers, Inc., 1983. p. 268.
14. Gimbutas, M. The Language of the Goddess, p. 316.
15. Leeming, D. M. A Dictionary of Creation Myths. Oxford, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1994. p. vii.
16. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 121.
17. Bartel, P. Spellcasters: Witches & Witchcraft in History, Folklore & Popular Culture. Dallas, TX: Taylor Publishing Company, 2000. p. 151.
18. If this format is unclear to you, you may want to refer to my book Teen Witch, where I’ve provided a complete walk-through of an esbat and sabbat ritual. You will find additional information on ritual in my New Generation Witchcraft series: To Ride a Silver Broomstick, To Stir a Magick Cauldron, and To Light a Sacred Flame.
19. Fortune, D. Aspects of Occultism, ed. G. Knight. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1962, 2000. p. 35.
20. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 16.
21. Ibid., p. 32.
22. Ibid., pp. 391, 392.
23. Hutton, R. The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Blackwell Publishers Ltd., 1991. p. 150.
24. Fiero, G. K. The Humanistic Tradition: The First Civilizations and the Classical Legacy. Third ed., vol. I. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1998. p. 6.
25. Ibid., p. 8.
26. Chambers, E. K. The Medieval Stage, vol. I. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1903. p. 9. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 36.
27. From private correspondence, 9 August 2002.
28. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 41.
29. Interested in the story? Here’s your chance to do some research.
30. Gibons, P. E. Pennsylvania Dutch and Other Essays. Philadelphia, Penn.: J. B. Lippincott & Co., 1882. p. 427.
31. Anderson, W. Green Man: Archetype of Our Oneness with Earth. San Francisco, Calif.: Harper Collins, 1990. p. 14.
32. Ibid., p. 34.
33. The poet Shelly’s Song of Proserpine (1820).
34. You will find complete information on quarter calls and energies in my book To Stir a Magick Cauldron (Llewellyn).
35. This section written by Lady MorningStar, Elder of the Black Forest Clan, Coven of the Pale Horse.
36. See my book To Light a Sacred Flame for complete information on Healing Circles.
37. Both in Celtic lore and Roman astrological literature (Ancient Astrology Theory and Practice—Matheseos, Libri VIII by Firmicus Maternus, translated by Jean Rhys Bram, edited by David McCann, published by Ascella, Spica & JustUs Publications, written approximately a.d. 346; translation 2001), the winds were associated with cardinal directions and astrological signs. To the north wind were ascribed the signs of Aries, Leo, and Sagittarius; to the south wind Taurus, Virgo, and Capricorn; to the east wind (Afeliotes, meaning wind of the sun), Gemini, Libra, and Aquarius; and to the west wind Cancer, Scorpio, and Pisces, which the Greeks call libs (meaning wind from Libya) (p. 34). Notice that in western Wicca by the year 2001, sign placements changed between north and south.
38. RavenWolf, S. Halloween: Customs, Spells, and Recipes. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1999. p. 209.
39. Hutton, R. The Stations of the Sun. Oxford: Ox-ford University Press, 1996.
40. Ibid., pp. 6, 7.
41. McNeill, M. F., The Silver Bough, Vol. 2: A Calendar of Scottish National Festivals, Candlemas to Harvest Home. Glasgow, Scotland: William Maclellan, 1959. p. 132.
42. Ibid., p. 20.
43. Currently debated by scholars. Definitely of Germanic derivation, but the meaning is still considered unclear. Hutton, R. The Stations of the Sun, p. 180.
44. McNeill, M. F. The Silver Bough, Vol. 2, p. 49.
45. Hutton, R. The Stations of the Sun, p. 203.
46. First recorded mention of the maypole and ribbons is called “the May” and was found under the expense category in the East Cornish market town of Launceston, Briton. Ibid., p. 226.
47. McNeill, M. F. The Silver Bough, Vol. 2, p. 75. The Floral Games of the Romans began on April 28 and ended on May 3 with a battle of flowers.
48. Ibid., p. 58.
49. Ibid., pp. 56, 57.
50. Ibid., p. 89.
51. Hutton, R. The Stations of the Sun, p. 314.
52. This does not refer to Satan or to Satanic practices. The Dark Lord is the representation of Saturn, authority, organization, and master of the crossroads between this world and the world of magick.
53. Hutton, R. The Stations of the Sun, p. 333
54. McNeill, M. F. The Silver Bough, Vol. 2: A Calendar of Scottish National Festivals, Candlemas to Harvest Home, p. 199.
55. You will find instructions on how to make a harvest doll in my book Halloween: Customs, Spells, and Recipes.
56. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 97.
57. Levi, E. C. (Alphonse Louis). The History of Magic. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 2000. p. 384.
58. Regardie, I. The Golden Dawn. 6th ed. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1971. p. 807.
59. Graf, F. Magic in the Ancient World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1997. p. 117.
60. Flint, V. I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1991. p. 103.
61. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca and Witchcraft, p. 394. Decorative Symbols and Motifs for Artists and Craftspeople, Dover Publications, 1986.
62. Earliest historical documentation of the Witch’s Sabbat appears in trial records from Toulouse and Carassone, circa 1335. (Grimassi, p. 310.)
63. “Her book The Witch Cult in Western Europe rested upon a small amount of archival research, with extensive use of printed trial records in nineteenth-century editions, plus early modern pamphlets. . .” Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 195.
64. Bartel, P. Spellcasters: Witches & Witchcraft in History, Folklore & Popular Culture. Dallas, Texas: Taylor Publishing Company, 2000. p. 173.
65. In the late 1800s the infamous Aleister Crowley coined “Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the law”; “love under will” applies to many twentieth-century interpretations of Egyptian material, including esoteric renditions of The Book of the Dead, better known as the Coffin Texts, with the date of origin approximately 3000 b.c. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt. Austin, Texas: University of Texas Press, 1995. p. 175.
66. Valiente, D. Witchcraft for Tomorrow. Custer, Wash.: Phoenix Publishing, Inc., 1978. p. 44.
67. Z. Budapest.
68. As exposed by Raven Grimassi in Encyclopedia of Wicca and Witchcraft.
69. Valiente, D. Witchcraft for Tomorrow, pp. 172–174 and Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca and Witchcraft, pp. 436, 437.
70. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft. Custer, Wash.: Phoenix Publishing, Inc, 1973. p. 150.
Notes for Part II
1. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 82.
2. Ridpath, I. Stars and Planets. New York, N.Y.: Dorling Kindersley, 2000. p. 68.
3. You will find more diagrams of altar setups in my book To Stir a Magick Cauldron.
4. Hugh Ross Williamson’s novel The Silver Bowl (1948) portrayed a seventeenth-century Witch cult based on the theories of Margaret Murray and described by members as “the Craft of the Wise,” an expression Gerald Gardner subsequently used for his religion that officially became known as modern Witchcraft in the 1950s. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 233.
5. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 23.
6. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 468.
7. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, pp. 78, 79.
8. Valiente, D. Witchcraft for Tomorrow, pp. 78, 79.
9. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 230.
10. Valiente, D. Witchcraft for Tomorrow, p. 78.
11. Cooper, J. C. An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols. New York and London: Thames and Hudson Ltd., 1978. p. 166.
12. Fortune, D. What Is Occultism? ed. G. Knight. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1967, 2001. p. 73. Dione Fortune (1891–1946) was the founder of The Society of the Inner Light and is recognized as one of the most luminous and significant figures of twentieth-century esoteric thought. A pioneer in psychology and the occult, she has left a legacy that continues today.
13. A line most likely taken from the poetry of Doreen Valiente.
14. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 120.
15. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, p. 133.
16. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 9.
17. Ibid., p. 61.
18. Frazer, J. G. Folklore in the Old Testament, vol. 1. London: MacMillan, 1918. p. 143.
19. Savedow, S. Sepher Rezial Hemelach: The Book of the Angel Rezial. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 2000. p. 11.
20. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, 2nd ed. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge University Press, 1989, 2000. pp. 3–9.
21. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 47.
22. Drury, N. The History of Magic in the Modern Age: A Quest for Personal Transformation. New York, N.Y.: Carroll & Graf Publishers, Inc., 2000. p. 304.
23. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, pp. 232, 233.
24. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 123.
25. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism: Cultural Icons & The Meanings Behind Them, p. 50.
26. Cunningham, S. and D. Harrington. The Magickal Household: Empower Your Home with Love, Protection, Health and Happiness. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1983. p. 114.
27. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, p. 165.
28. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 123.
29. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 49. The main theme of goddess symbolism, from Paleolithic times into the present, holds tightly to the mystery of birth and death, and the continuous renewal of life on the planet. From Iraq to Scotland, paintings of birds mixed with female anatomy have been found in Proto-Neolithic tombs, indicating the connection between the Goddess, birth, death, and renewal. Vultures with awesome wingspans painted in red (the color of life), their wings shaped like brooms on various cave paintings tell us of the belief in the power of the Death Goddess (Gimbutas, M. The Language of the Goddess, p. 189) and may give us an explanation as to why the broom figures so prominently in the modernday Craft. The transformation of the Goddess into bird form is well known from Egypt through Greece, on into the Celtic belief system with the Morrigan, and even the Germanic Valkyrie is identified with the raven, the dark bird of the dead that assists great warriors to the other side. Rather than something (or someone) to be feared, the Death Goddess is symbolic of hope for continued renewal on Earth as well as in other realms.
30. Drury, N. The History of Magic in the Modern Age, p. 175.
31. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 77.
32. Cunningham, S. The Magickal Household, p. 115.
33. Malbrough, R. T. The Magical Power of the Saints. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1998. p. 68.
34. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 123.
35. Malbrough, R. T. The Magical Power of the Saints, p. 68.
36. Spitzer, K. D. “Candle Dipping.” 1999 Lewellyn’s Moon Sign Book and Gardening Almanac, pp. 4, 83, 84.
37. Malbrough, R. T. The Magical Power of the Saints, p. 2.
38. Ibid., pp. 11, 14, 21, 27.
39. Matthews, C. J. The Encyclopedia of Celtic Wisdom. Boston, MA: Element Books, 1996. p. 219.
40. Hutton, R. The Pagan Religions of the Ancient British Isles: Their Nature and Legacy. Malden, Mass.: Blackwell Publishers Ltd, 1991. p. 150.
41. Matthews, C. J. The Encyclopedia of Celtic Wisdom. Boston, Mass.: Element Books, 1996. p. 219.
42. Cooper, J. C. An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols, p. 31.
43. This church tradition was thrown out in 1960. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 125.
44. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult. New York, N.Y.: Pantheon Books, Random House Division, 1948. p. 32.
45. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1992. p. 15.
46. Ibid., p. 15.
47. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 91.
48. Ibid., p. 99.
49. You will find instructions on how to make a corn dolly, as well as its cultural history, in my book Halloween.
50. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 41.
51. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 49.
52. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 50 under Bune Wand entry.
53. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 87.
54. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 38.
Notes for Part III
1. Llewellyn produces several yearly almanacs for the magickally minded, including the Sun Sign Book, the Moon Sign Book, the Witches Date Book, and the Daily Planetary Guide.
2. Manilius. Astronomica. Loeb Classical Library, ed. G. P. Goold. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1977. p. 386.
3. A classical system of study taken from the Picatrix wherein each astrological sign is broken into parts, called mansions. Each mansion has its own attributes related to various life circumstances. Each mansion is broken into magickal activities that can be practiced for either waxing or waning cycles.
4. Carr-Gomm, P. and S. The Druid Animal Oracle. New York, N.Y.: Fireside, Simon and Shuster, Inc., 1994. p. 7.
5. Renault, D. Principles of Native American Spirituality. Hammersmith, London: Thorsons, 1996. p. 24.
6. Although most people think of the Inquisition as a single horrific occurrence, it was an institution that experienced development and change, in terms of organization, procedures, and definitions of the law throughout a long period of history. There were several periods of inquisition, including the Medieval European Inquisition, the Roman Inquisition, and the Spanish Inquisition. Ginzburg, C. The Cheese and the Worms: The Cosmos of a Sixteenth-Century Miller, 3rd ed. The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1992. p. ix.
7. Renault, D. Principles of Native American Spirituality, p. 6.
8. The Witch’s Garter in traditional groups is commonly worn by the Queen or Mother of several covens. A bell or charm is affixed to the garter to represent each hived coven. A female Witch can only be considered a “Queen” if she has seven active covens under her direction. Naturally, this is true only for certain sects in the Craft—others will have their own titling system.
9. Webster, R. Astral Travel for Beginners: Transcend Time and Space with Out-of-Body Experiences. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1998. p. xi.
10. Myers, F. W. H. Human Personality and Survival of Bodily Death. London, England, Longmans Green and Company, 1903. p. 252.
11. Webster, R. Astral Travel for Beginners, p. xiii.
12. Ibid., p. 3.
13. Ibid., p. 5.
14. Walker, B. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, p. 71.
15. Smith, C., and J. Astrop. The Moon Oracle. New York: St. Martins Press, an Eddison-Sadd Edition, 2000. p. 13.
16. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult. New York, N.Y.: Gramercy Books. 1948, 1997. p. 58.
17. Whitfield, P. Astrology: A History. New York, N.Y.: Harry N. Abrams, Inc., 2001. p. 96.
18. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 76.
19. Ridpath, I. Stars and Planets. New York, N.Y.: Dorling Kindersley, 2000. p. 224.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Information gathered from my own experience and information found in Mathers, S. The Key of Solomon the King. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1888, 1972. pp. 12, 13.
24. Table research done using my own experience and the following references: Hand, R. Planets in Transit: Life Cycles for Living. Atglen, Pa.: Whitford Press, 1976. p. 528. Ramesy, W. Astrologia Restaurata or Astrologie Restored. Modern ed. vol. 1–4. 1653, Issaquah, Wash.: JustUs and Associates, 1653. p. 356.
25. Webster, R. Aura Reading for Beginners: Develop Your Psychic Awareness for Health and Success. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1998. 185.
26. Ibid.
27. Mercier, P. Chakras: Balance Your Body’s Energy for Health and Harmony. New York, N.Y.: Sterling Publishing Company, 2000. 6.
28. Smith, M. Auras: See Them in Only 60 Seconds! St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 2000.
29. Ibid., 139.
30. Mercier, P. Chakras, p. 6.
31. Jones, B. Chakra Workout for Body, Mind, and Spirit. 2nd ed. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1999. p. 3.
32. Talbot, M. The Holographic Universe. New York, N.Y.: HarperCollins Publishers, 1991. p. 28.
33. Dr. Fred Alan Wolf is an award-winning theoretical physicist who believes the human mind can leap around the future (holographic quantum physics). This quote is from a paper presented at the Vigier conference called The Timing of the Conscious Experience. Geller, U. ParaScience Pack. Abbeville Publishing Group, 2000. p. 12.
34. Thomas, K. Religion and the Decline of Magic. New York: Oxford University Press, 1971. p. 664.
35. Geller, U. ParaScience Pack, p. 65.
36. There is sporadic reference to the cult of Diana, especially in France, that was not restricted to women throughout the early Middle Ages; however, much of the information gathered was done so under the torture of the Inquisitions. Flint, V. I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe, p. 122. Other dream goddesses included Hecate (Greek) and Holda (German). Saint Kilian met his death when attempting to convert the East Franks from the cult of Diana.
37. Ginzburg, C. The Night Battles: Witchcraft and Agrarian Cults in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries. Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1983.
38. Flint, V. I. J. The Rise of Magic in Early Medieval Europe, p. 125.
39. Thomas, K. Religion and the Decline of Magic, p. 120.
40. Silverthorn, J. M. O. Dreaming Realities: A Spiritual System to Create Inner Alignment Through Dreams. Carmarthen, U.K.: Crown House Publishing Limited, 1999. p. 14.
41. Ibid., p. 18.
42. Talbot, M. The Holographic Universe, p. 63.
43. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, pp. 64, 65.
44. Thomas, K. Religion and the Decline of Magic, p. 259.
45. Ibid., page 647.
46. Chants are from Storms, Dr. G. Anglo-Saxon Magic. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1948.
47. Verner-Bonds, L. The Complete Book of Color Healing: Practical Ways to Enhance Your Physical and Spiritual Well-Being. New York, NY: Sterling Publishing Company, 2000. p. 119.
48. Baring, A. C. The Myth of the Goddess. London, England: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1991. p. 567.
49. Leek, S. How to Be Your Own Astrologer. New York, N.Y.: Cowles Book Company, Inc. 1970. p. 145.
50. York, U. Living by the Moon. Woodside, Calif.: BlueStar Communications, 1997. p. 125.
51. Some astrologers feel that Aries includes the nose, where others do not.
52. York, U. Living by the Moon, p. 106.
53. Ibid., p. 129.
54. Leek, S. How to Be Your Own Astrologer, p. 106.
55. The fifteenth century also gave birth to Michel-angelo, Leonardo da Vinci, Kepler, Copernicus, and other geniuses.
56. Paracelsus. Paracelsus: Selected Writings, ed. J. Jacobi. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1951. p. 43.
57. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult, p. 218.
58. Lord Byron, 1788–1824, “She Walks in Beauty.”
59. RavenWolf, S. Silver’s Spells for Love. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 2001. p. 63.
60. Scoble, G. The Meaning of Flowers: Myth, Language, and Lore. 1998, San Francisco, Calif.: Chronicle Book, 1998.
61. Potently fragrant, the flower was once thought capable of warding off the Black Death (plague). Ibid., p. 58.
62. Associated with the Roman Juno and Middle Eastern Goddess Astarte. Ibid., p. 26.
63. There are over 25,000 species of orchid, more than any other flower. Ibid., p. 17.
64. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 80.
65. Pavlov believed that all behavior is learned. Therefore, if it is learned, he said, it can be unlearned. To prove this he began experiments in which he “conditioned” some dogs. First, he rang a bell, then he produced food. Upon smelling the food, the dogs would salivate. He repeated this method over and over again, and each time the dogs salivated. The dogs learned to associate the sound of the bell with the smell of the food. After a while, Pavlov did not produce the food when the bell rang, but the dogs still salivated, proving the power of the mind.
66. Geller, U. Mind Medicine. Boston, Mass.: Element Books Limited, 1999. p. 184.
67. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 244.
68. Parker, J. D. KISS Guide to Astrology. London, England: Dorling Kindersley Publishing, 2000. p. 96.
69. Agrippa, H. C. Three Books of Occult Philosophy. Llewellyn’s Sourcebook Series, ed. D. Tyson. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1533, 2000. p. 938. Ovid. The Metamorphoses. trans. Henry T. Riley. London: George Bell and Sons, 1884. (provided by D. Tyson under Notes, page 220.)
70. Barrett, F. The Magus or Celestial Intelligencer. London: Lackrington, Allen and Co., 1801.
71. Donald Tyson in Three Books of Occult Philosophy.
72. Agrippa, H. C. Three Books of Occult Philosophy. p. 938. Smith, C. The Moon Oracle: Let the Phases of the Moon Guide Your Life. New York:New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. p. 128. The writings of Bic Thomas at http://www.renaissanceastrology.com. Ramesy, W. Astrologia Restaurata or Astrologie Restored. Modern ed., vol. 1-4. Issaquah, Wash.: JustUs and Associates, 1653. p. 356.
73. Richard Webster (New Zealand) is a highly respected writer on many New Age topics, and has written books on palmistry, astral travel, dowsing, feng shui, and many other metaphysical topics.
74. Liungman, C. G. Dictionary of Symbols. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton and Co., 1991. p. 298.
75. Ibid.
76. Pythagoras was a Greek philosopher who traveled widely in Egypt and the East acquiring occult knowledge. Said to possess the gift of prophecy, he believed in reincarnation and taught that the divine might be approached through the mystic power of numbers. Agrippa, H. C. Three Books of Occult Philosophy. p. 827 in Biographical Dictionary written by Donald Tyson.
77. Liungman, C. G. Dictionary of Symbols, p. 298.
78. Ibid., p. 334.
79. Regardie, I. The Golden Dawn, p. 280.
80. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 266.
81. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 71.
82. Geller, U. ParaScience Pack. Introduction, page 1.
83. Ibid., p. 72.
84. Autumn Ayla Craig (Colchester, CT) is a Holistic Facilitator, Reiki Master, and teacher who believes that there is no one correct way to do things, that everyone has a unique path to follow, and who hopes to learn from her students as they learn from her. She is a certified practitioner and instructor in various energy healing modalities, including Traditional Usui, Karuna Reiki, Essential Reiki, Shamballa Multidimensional Healing and Magnified Healing. She began her holistic studies in herbology and holistic healing, is an American Naturopathic Medical Association Board Certified Naturopath, and co-owns and operates Dolphin Heart, a holistic center. She is an Elder in the Black Forest Clan Circle and Seminary and has been involved in magical studies since the early 1980s.
85. Runic introduction reprinted from Jackson, N. The Rune Mysteries. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1996. p. xi.
86. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 105, Divination.
87. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1999. p. 417, plate 513. Other words associated are ascry, descry, espy, and scry.
88. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 88.
89. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 301.
90. Although some magickal practitioners have dropped the circle, our statistics show that your work has a better chance of completion matching your desire if you continue to use the circle environment. It is highly possible that some magickal systems have dropped the circle due to faulty recording of data during medieval times.
91. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, p. 278.
92. Ibid., p. 243.
93. Ibid., p. 221—from Mesopotamia, fourth to sixth century b.c.
Notes for Part IV
1. Ramsay, J. The Art of Alchemy. Hammersmith, London: Thorsons (an imprint of HarperCollins Publishers), 1997. p. 8.
2. Baring, A. C. The Myth of the Goddess. London, England: Penguin Books, Ltd., 1991. p. 647.
3. Ramsay, J. The Art of Alchemy, p. 10.
4. Hall, Manly P. The Secret Teachings of All Ages. Los Angeles: Philosophical Research Society, 1977. p. CLIII.
5. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult, p. 80.
6. Ramsay, J. The Art of Alchemy, p. 25.
7. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult, pp. 123, 124.
8. Price, J. R. The Alchemist’s Handbook. Carlsbad, Calif.: Hay House, Inc., 2000.
9. Ibid.
10. Baring, A. C. The Myth of the Goddess, p. 650.
11. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism, p. 465.
12. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 134.
13. Ramsay, J. The Art of Alchemy, p. 21.
14. Levi, E. C. (Alphonse Louis). The History of Magic, p. 79.
15. Tabula Smaragdina, Heidelberg, 1926, quoted in Titus Burckhardt’s Alchemy, (Stuart & Watkins, 1967, Element Books, 1986, pp. 1966-197), quoted from Alchemy, The Art of Transformation by Jay Ramsay, Element Books, 1999, pp. 11–12.
16. A little history for you. Egypt was the longest-running civilization in the world. It began somewhere around the year 3032 .. and ran under its own steam until Greek rule from 332 .. to 30 .. (when Cleopatra was overthrown by the Romans). Roman rule lasted from 30 .. to .. 313 (about 343 years), and then the great Egyptian civilization as the world understood it was no more.
17. Seligmann, K. The History of Magic and the Occult, p. 84.
18. Ramsay, J. The Art of Alchemy, p. 41.
19. Gimbutas, M. The Language of the Goddess, p. 388.
20. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 38.
21. Mathers, S. L. M. The Goetia. 2nd ed. Red Wheel/ Weiser, 1995.
22. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, p. 13.
23. Walker, B. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, p. 131.
24. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism, p. 54.
25. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 55.
26. The phrase “May this spell not reverse, or place upon me any curse” is attributed to Sybil Leek.
27. Walker, B. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, p. 162.
28. Yoder, D. Discovering American Folklife: Essays on Folk Culture & the Pennsylvania Dutch. Mechanicsburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books, 2001. p. 88.
29. Agrippa, H. C. Three Books of Occult Philosophy, p. 217.
30. Bell, J. W. The Grimoire of Lady Sheba. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1972. p. 175.
31. Baring, A. C. The Myth of the Goddess, p. 428.
32. Ibid.
33. Russell, Jeffrey B. A History of Witchcraft, Sorcerers, Heretics, and Pagans. London, England: Thames & Hudson, Ltd., 1980 with reprint in 1997, p. 97.
34. Storms, Dr. G. Anglo-Saxon Magic. The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1948.
35. Verner-Bonds, L. The Complete Book of Color Healing: Practical Ways to Enhance Your Physical and Spiritual Well-Being. New York, N.Y.: Sterling Publishing Company, 2000. p. 10.
36. Theoretically, black is not a color—it is the absence of light.
37. Verner-Bonds, L. The Complete Book of Color Healing, p. 70.
38. Ibid., pp. 88–91.
39. Fraser, Sr. James G. The Golden Bough, 3rd ed. London: Macmillan, 1913. p. 54.
40. Starr, C. G. A History of the Ancient World. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1991. p. 36.
41. Emmanuel Swedenborg (1688–1772) was the child of a Swedish royal chaplain, thirty year professional in the mining industry, and student of science, mathematics, philosophy, and religion. He established Sweden’s first scientific journal, and also published treatises on cosmology, lunar measurement, chemistry, physics, the circulation of the blood, and sensory perception. Washington, P. Madame Blavatsky’s Baboon—A History of the Mystics, Mediums, and Misfits Who Brought Spiritualism to America. New York, N.Y.: Schocken Books Inc., 1993. p. 13.
42. Ibid., p. 14.
43. Manilius. Astronomica.
44. Liungman, C. G. Dictionary of Symbols. New York, N.Y.: W. W. Norton & Company, 1991. p. 328.
45. There are hundreds of pantheons and thousands of deities. These are just to get you started. Remember, you must research a deity energy before you call on it.
46. When I make statements like “Most Witches or many magickal people . . .” keep in mind that I don’t know everyone, everywhere, although I have traveled all over the US and visited many magickal groups and spoken to thousands of Wiccans (both traditional and eclectic). It is from my own traditional Wiccan, Druid, Hoodoo, Pow Wow training, and personal interviews conducted on my travels that I learn the “consensus” of the community.
47. Biedermann, H. Dictionary of Symbolism, p. 375.
48. Ibid., p. 173.
49. Cotterell, A. The Ultimate Encyclopedia of Mythology. London, U.K.: Lorenz Books, 1999. p. 320.
50. Liungman, C. G. Dictionary of Symbols, p. 300.
51. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 115.
52. Attributed to Greek philosophy.
53. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 107.
54. For more information, read The Cooper’s Wife is Missing by Joan Hoff and Marian Yeates (Basic Books, New York, N.Y., 2000). In the mid- to late 1800s, in addition to cleaning its own clerical house, the church launched a major campaign to wipe out the last vestiges of Pagan practices among the peasants who, for centuries, cherished their Pagan Celt traditions—naturalism, sympathetic magic, attachment to ancestral ground, communal involvement, gaiety, and abandon. One strategy used to eliminate Paganism was to impose stricter discipline and reemphasize Romanized rituals, such as Sodalities, Confraternities, and the Stations of the Cross, which had not attracted the Irish before the Famine. To erase vestiges of Pagan Goddess worsihip, the church fostered more traditional, male-oriented rituals directed from Rome, administered by a growing army of priests. Cardinal Paul Cullen, Ireland’s first Cardinal, threw his weight behind the war on Paganism and introduced jubilees, triduums, pilgrimages, shrines, processions, and retreats designed to replace seasonal Pagan agricultural pageants, holy wells, charms, effigies and wakes. By 1875 they had beaten back many older forms of paganism.
55. Grimassi, R. Encyclopedia of Wicca & Witchcraft, p. 124.
56. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, p. 363.
57. Ibid., page 1010.
58. Walker, B. The Woman’s Encyclopedia of Myths and Secrets, p. 298.
59. I have seen this type of information loss in the Pennsylvania Dutch community in regard to Pow Wow and the use of astrology in farming and household affairs too. In all but a few cases, individuals still practicing Pow Wow have no clue as to how a specific superstition came about, nor do farm wives understand the concept of the phases of the moon—speaking solemnly, however, of what should be done when the horns of the moon are up, and what should be done around the farm when the horns of the moon are down. Although these practices originated in solid science, they became nothing more than practiced superstition.
60. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, p. 364.
61. Cunningham, S. Cunningham’s Encyclopedia of Crystal, Gem & Metal Magick. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1988. p. 101.
62. Valiente, D. An ABC of Witchcraft, p. 123.
63. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, p. 444.
64. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 165.
65. Ibid., p. 166.
66. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 102.
67. Melody. Love Is In the Earth—A Kaleidoscope of Crystals (Updated), 2nd ed. Wheat Ridge, Co.: Earth-Love Publishing House, 1995. p. 32.
68. Wording taken from a fourteenth-century magickal charm. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 84.
69. Parts of this spell taken from Cunningham, S. Cunningham’s Encyclopedia of Crystal, Gem & Metal Magick. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1988. p. 61.
70. From Appendix II, written by Donald Tyson, in Agrippa, H. C., Three Books of Occult Philosophy, p. 713.
71. Fiero, G. K. The Humanistic Tradition: The First Civilizations and the Classical Legacy, 3rd ed. vol. I. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1991.
72. Ibid.
73. Hutton, R. From private correspondence, 9 August 2002.
74. Early in the twentieth century, anthropologists discovered the first fossil remains of the proto-human, who lived five million years ago. This Paleolithic culture, called the Old Stone culture, lasted from 5 million to 10,000 ... and evolved during a period of great climactic change, called the Ice Age. Important to our studies of magick, we learn that the roots of humankind, begun in the Paleolithic Age, flow from the heart of Africa, and it is from this area that the great magickal cultures, Egypt and the neighboring Mesopo-tamia, arose around 4000 ...
75. Thomas, K. Religion and the Decline of Magic. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971. p. 644.
76. Fiero, G. K. The Humanistic Tradition.
77. Seligmann, K.
78. Doktor Snake’s Voodoo Spellbook—Spells, Curses and Folk Magick for All Your Needs. New York, N.Y.: St. Martin’s Press, 2000. p. 62.
79. Stenger, V. J. The Unconscious Quantum. Amherst, N.Y.: Prometheus Books, 1995. p. 20.
80. A condensed version of The Holographic Universe by M. Talbot, HarperCollins, 1991, pp. 36–49.
81. Wolf, Fred Alan, Ph.D. Mind into Matter: A New Alchemy of Science and Spirit. Portsmouth, N.H.: Moment Point Press, 2001.
82. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, pp. 7, 8.
83. Appears in a 1926 article written by J. F. C. Fuller, who used these two sentences as an incantation in which he claimed them to be a “sorcerer’s cry in the Middle Ages,” of which this has not been proven. The Occult Review 43 (1926), p. 231—Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 232.
84. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, p. 10.
85. Ibid., p. 9.
86. Agrippa, H. C. Three Books of Occult Philosophy, pp. 561–570.
87. Attributed to Sybil Leek.
88. Attributed to Laurie Cabot.
89. Schueler, G. and B. Egyptian Magick: Enter the Body of Light & Travel the Magickal Universe. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1989. p. 59.
90. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, p. 219.
91. González-Wippler, M. The Complete Book of Amulets & Talismans. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1991. p. 1.
92. Gager, J. G. Curse Tablets and Binding Spells from the Ancient World, p. 219.
93. Witchcraft and Magic in Europe: Ancient Greece and Rome. Witchcraft and Magic in Europe, ed. B. and C. Ankarloo, Stuart. Philadelphia, Pa.: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1999. Ogden, Daniel. Binding Spells: Curse Tablets and Voodoo Dolls in Greek and Roman Worlds, p. 3. Note: More than 1,100 of these tablets have been found, of which most are Greek in origin—the earliest from a colony in Sicily dating from fifth century ..
94. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, pp. 104–119.
95. Ibid., p. 108.
96. Regardie, I. The Golden Dawn.
97. Pinch, G. Magic in Egypt, p. 191.
98. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 563. Egypt’s sacred eye symbol, sometimes called utchat, was at various times the eye of Maat, of Horus, of Thoth, and of Ra. Probably the male gods came later chronologically, since Maat was the original All-Seeing Eye and Mother of Truth, her name based on the verb “to see.”
99. Majno, G. M. D. The Healing Hand: Man and Wound in the Ancient World. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1975. p. 118.
100. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 13.
101. Standard Dictionary of Folklore, Mythology, and Legend, pp. 51–52.
102. Text paraphrased from an original Egyptian healing incantation. Majno, G. M. D. The Healing Hand, pp. 126, 127.
103. The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd ed. New York, N.Y.: Oxford University Press, 1999. p. 2033, plate 842.
104. Kieckhefer, R. Magic in the Middle Ages, p. 149.
105. Spence, L. An Encyclopedia of Occultism: The Comprehensive Treasury of Occult Knowledge from All Times and Places. New York, N.Y.: Carol Publishing Group Edition, 1960, 1996. p. 261. (Interesting book, but dated, meaning that not all the research is accurate.)
106. Cooper, J. C. An Illustrated Encyclopaedia of Traditional Symbols, p. 170. In Christianity the tetramorphs are Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John and the four corners of Paradise; in Egypt they are the four Sons of Horus; and in Hinduism they are the four heads of Brahma.
107. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 223.
108. Berenson-Perkins, J. Kabbalah Decoder: Revealing the Messages of the Ancient Mystics. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Barron’s Educational Series, Inc., 2000. p. 96.
109. Walker, B. The Woman’s Dictionary of Symbols and Sacred Objects, p. 223.
110. Mathers, S. L. M. M. The Key of Solomon the King. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1888, 1972.
111. Brady, B. Brady’s Book of Fixed Stars. York Beach, Maine: Samuel Weiser, Inc., 1998. p. 1
112. Matthews, C. & J. The Encyclopedia of Celtic Wisdom. Dorsett, England: Element Books, 1994. p. 163.
113. Jackson, N. and S. RavenWolf. The Rune Mysteries. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1996. Last two paragraphs from p. 13.
Notes for Part V
1. American Academy of Dermatology: Kids Connection, 2001.
2. Storms, G. Anglo-Saxon Magic, p. 155. And in case you are wondering, I chose this charm because no one likes acne, so I felt the dung association was extremely relevant. This spell was used for cysts, acne, and other strange growths.
3. Adaptation taken from an Egyptian prayer to the Goddess Nut. Baring, A. C. The Myth of the Goddess, pp. 259–260.
4. Author of Charms, Spells and Formulas and The Magickal Power of the Saints (Llewellyn).
5. General guide only, more detailed information can be found in Llewellyn’s annual Moon Sign Book.
6. Mestel, R. “When Push Comes to Shove,” in Los Angeles Times, 2001.
7. RavenWolf, S. American Folk Magick: Charms, Spells & Herbs. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1995. p. 242.
8. Gilbert, S. D. The Unofficial Guide to Managing Eating Disorders. Foster City, Calif.: IDG Books Worldwide, Inc., 2000. p. xxi.
9. The American Anorexia/Bulimia Association, Inc., 165 W. 46th Street, New York, NY 10035. 212-575-6200; http://wwwaabainc.org
10. Gilbert, S. D. The Unofficial Guide to Managing Eating Disorders, p. 120.
11. This ritual is a parody of one found in Egyptian Magick: Enter the Body of Light & Travel of the Magickal Universe by Gerald & Betty Schueler.
12. Andersen, U. S. Three Magic Words, 2nd ed. Hollywood, Calif.: Melvin Powers Wilshire Book Company, 1954. p. 220.
13. Ibid., p. 21.
14. Due to what is called the Precession of the Equinoxes, the position of the stars has moved in our relation to viewing them. When Egyptian rule was at its height, this star fell in the sign of Scorpio.
15. Lesko, B. S. The Great Goddesses of Egypt. Norman, Okla.: Oklahoma University, 1999. p. 273.
16. See Modern Magick by Donald Michael Kraig (Llewellyn) or the work of Israel Regardie.
17. The Golden Dawn, once a secret order, was one of the most prestigious groups flourishing at the turn of the nineteenth century. Membership included such notables as W. B. Yeats, Dion Fortune, S. L. MacGregor Mathers, A. E. Waite, Evelyn Underhill, and many others. The influence of the Golden Dawn on twenty-first century Wicca is enormous and can especially be seen in the more ceremonial rites of the Gardnerian and Alexandrian traditions.
18. Added to honor the cosmic mother, birth and death energy, and the realm of the dead.
19. Society, T. M. Astrology Really Works! Carlsbad, Calif.: Hay House, 1995. p. 247.
20. Ibid., p. 250.
21. Mercury goes retrograde approximately three times a year for three weeks at a time. Check your planetary guide or other astrological almanac to keep an eye on these time frames.
22. RavenWolf, S. Silver’s Spells for Love. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 2001. pp. 4–7.
23. Ming-Dao, D. 365 Tao Daily Meditations. San Francisco, Calif.: HarperCollins Publishers, 1992. p. 281.
24. Phillips, D. Practical Guide to Psychic Self-Defense & Well-Being. Second ed. St. Paul, Minn.: Llewellyn, 1980. p. x, Introduction.
25. Written by Cecylyna Dewr, Executive Director Pagan Pride Project, PMB 119, 133 W. Market St., Indianapolis, IN 46203 http://www.paganpride. org, and distributed throughout the Internet for public domain use.
26. “What is remembered lives” line is from the litanies created for the very first Spiral Dance Samhain ritual in San Francisco in 1979. It supposedly has been used every Samhain since then. Line attributed to Lauren Liebling and Starhawk.
27. The original version of these quarter calls can be found in Huson, pp. 160, 161.
28. Hutton, R. The Triumph of the Moon, p. 208. Bracelin, Gerald Gardner, pp. 166–167, and Valiente, D., Rebirth of Witchcraft, pp. 45, 46.
29. To learn more, visit http://www.milpagan.org/
30. Excerpt from American Folk Magick: Charms, Spells & Herbals by Silver RavenWolf, 1995, 1998.