Abernathy, Ralph David
Abyssinian Baptist Church (Harlem)
African Hebrew Israelites of Jerusalem
African Heritage Cookbook, The (Mendes)
“African Negritude—Black American Soul” (Jeanpierre)
Africa Today
Agassiz, Elizabeth
Agassiz, Louis
agie el dulce (chili con carne)
agricultural experiment stations
Akan people
Alabama State College
Ali, Muhammad
Allen, William
American Dietitian Association
Amerindians
Amy Ruth’s (Harlem)
Angelou, Maya
Angola
Arawak people
arbis
Archibald-Good, Victoria
Arkansas
Armstrong, Louis
La Arriba (Tarrytown)
artisans
ashes, for cooking
Asian food
Atlanta, Georgia
Atlanta Journal
Atlanta University
Atlanta University Center (AUC)
Atlantic foodways
Atlantic slave trade; slave provisions on ships
Ball, Charles
bananas
Banks, Nettie C.
Baraka, Amiri
Barbados
barbecue
Bar Harbor (Ossining)
Barksdale, Marcellas C. D.
Barnett, Ella
Barrio, Renaldo
Barry’s Grill (Greensboro)
bars; Caribbean influence
bartering
Bath, Broom, and Bible
Batista y Zaldívar, Fulgencio
beans; bean pie; black-eyed peas (cowpeas); Dab-a-Dab; gongo beans (pigeon peas)
Belton, Frank
Ben Ammi, Rabbi
Ben’s Chili Bowl (District of Columbia)
Biafra region (Nigeria)
Birdland
Birth of a Nation, The
black arts movement
Black Collegian
black-eyed peas (cowpeas)
Black Family Dinner Quilt Cookbook, The
black nationalism
Black Panther Party
Black Panther Party for Self-Defense
black power movement
Blassingame, John W.
Bloomberg, Michael
bodegas
Bodegas (Tarrytown)
Body and Soul program (National Cancer Institute)
boll weevil
bonavist
Bond, Julian
Bon Goo Barbecue (Harlem)
bonne-bouche
Boswell, Christopher
Bowman, Liz
Bowser, Pearl
boxers
box lunches
brabacots
Bradshaw, Rudolph
Braithwaite, Kwame
Brazil
breads; cassava “bammy,”; corn bread; cornmeal; crackling bread; hoecakes; Kangues; made with corn and sweet potatoes; ponap; pone bread; spoon bread; technology for baking; West African cookery; yam foo foo; ‘yam foo foo
breakfast
Bremer, Fredrika
brilliant generation
British foodways
Brooks, Wendell
Brown, H. Rap
Brown, James
Brown, William Wells
Brown v. Board of Education
Bryant’s Place (Memphis)
Building Houses out of Chicken Legs: Black Women, Food, and Power (Williams-Forson)
bunkhouses
Burgess, Mary Keyes
Burkett, Henry “the Black King,”
Byrd, William
café pico
calabash
California, northern
Callahan, Ed
canned food
canning
Canot, Theodore
Capone, Al
Cardwell, Barbara Ann
Caribbean; African foodways in; African-influenced cuisines; Arawak people; slave rations
Caribbean immigrants: interethnic relationships with African Americans; migration, first wave; migration, 1930s and 1940s; migration, 1950s and 1960s; shared characteristics of second wave immigrants; youth culture and influence on African Americans
El Caribe (Harlem)
Carmichael, Stokely (Kwame Ture)
Carolinas. See also North Carolina; South Carolina
caruru (cooking greens)
Cayton, Horace R.
Center for Peace in Justice
Chambers, Douglas Brent
Champburger Palace franchise
Charles II
Chavez, Sarah
Chesapeake Bay region; as land of culinary negotiation; special occasions
Chicago, South Side
chicken. See poultry
Chicken Shack (Harlem)
Chicken Store franchise
chitlin circuit
chitlins
Chock Full o’ Nuts Cafe (Harlem)
Christmas
Christopher, Claven
churches; hospitality committee; as social centers; soup kitchens; South Side Chicago
civil rights movement; soul food and
Civil War
Clark-Atlanta University
Cleaver, Eldridge
clergy, African American
Cleveland, Ohio
Cloverdale, Virginia, migrants from
Club Harlem (New York)
Club Six (Tarrytown)
cobblers (bucklers)
Coca-Cola recipe
cocoyam
collard greens
colleges and universities: health and nutrition movement. See also historically black colleges and universities
colonial social order
Columbian exchange
communists
Confederate Army
Congolese
Congress of Racial Equality (CORE)
Conqueran, Alice N.
Cook, Raymond
Cook, Walter
cookbooks
cooks, African American
Cooper Rail (Harlem)
corn
cornmeal
Corona, Francisco
Corona’s luncheonette (North Tarrytown)
Cotton, Martin
cotton gin
couscous
Crawford Grill (Pittsburgh)
Creole Pete’s (Harlem)
creolization
Cromwell, Oliver
Crouch, Lamenta Diane (Watkins)
Cruz, Eddie
Cruz, Sonya
Cuban restaurants
Cubans
Cubop
cucu (okra dish)
cult of Sambohood
cultural exchange: Caribbean influence on African Americans
cultural identity
curry sauce
Dab-a-Dab
Davis, Jefferson
De Carlo’s (Tarrytown)
Defender
Department of Agriculture
desserts; lemon icebox pies. See also pies
Detroit, Michigan
Dew Drop Inn
Dick Gregory’s Natural Diet for Folks Who Eat: Cookin’ with Mother Nature (Gregory and Fulton)
Dickins, Dorothy
Dimmie, Horace
Dimmie, Jane and Lucy
Dioscorea (yams)
District of Columbia
Divine, Father (George Baker)
domestic work
Dominican restaurants
Douglass, Frederick
Drake, St. Clair
dressing
drippings
Du Bois, W. E. B.
Duers, Luesta
Dukes, Nathan “Bubba,”
Dull, Henrietta Stanley
Ebony
education, eating habits and
eel
eggplant Parmesan
Ellington, Beryl
Ellis, Rodney
Emancipation Day
Emancipation Proclamation
La Embajada (Tarrytown)
emergency food stations
Emergency Work and Relief Administration
employment: auto industry; during Depression; domestic work; restaurants refuse to hire African Americans
engagés (indentured servants)
entertainers: African American; Afro-Cuban
Equiano, Olaudah
Eripp, Tillie
Erwin, Stephen
European influence on eating traditions; Columbian exchange
Evans, Therman E.
Evan’s Bar and Grill (Maryland)
Evelyn, Dorothy M.
Evers, Medgar
family compounds
Fardales, Oliviero Ojito
Farmer’s (Tarrytown)
Farrakhan, Louis
fatback
fatty foods
El Favorito (Harlem)
Federal Civil Works Administration (FCWA)
Federal National Relief Agency (NRA)
Feijoada
Fields, John
Fields’ Rotisserie (Tarrytown)
firemen, African American
fish; batatas doces,; catfish; dried; South Carolina; trout
fish fries
fishing
Fithian, Philip Vickers
Five Percenters
flabber-sauce
Florida Avenue Grill
food professionals
food rebels. See health and nutrition
foodways
Formula X
Fourth of July
Franklin, Aretha
french-fried potatoes
fried foods; food reform and
fruit
fruitcake
Fruit of Islam
frying
Fuentes (Harlem)
Fulton, Alvenia Moody
funerals
Gambia
Gambia River region
Garcia, Aurelio
gardens
Genovese, Eugene D.
Ghana
Gillespie, Dizzy
Gilroy, Paul
Gladys Knight’s Chicken Waffle (Atlanta)
Gold Coast
Golden Krust (Brooklyn)
Gold Platter franchise
González, Evelyn
González, Juan
Gospel bird (chicken)
Greasy Spoon (Atlanta)
Greasy Spoon (Richmond)
Great Depression; breadlines; culinary exchange; Harlem during; north of Harlem; relief programs; South, effect on; subsistence farming
Great Migration; Caribbeans; case studies of eating habits; North Carolina migrants; South Carolina family diets; special occasions
Green, Katie
Green, Obie
greens; caruru; pot-likker; reformed cooking
Green’s Bar and Grill (Ossining)
Green’s Royal Palm (Mount Vernon)
Gregory, Dick
Grit ’n’ Eggs (Harlem)
grits
Grosvenor, Verta Mae
growth hormones
Guayos Cubans
Guinea
gumbo
Haley, Alex
Halleck, H. W.
Hampton Institute
Hansbury, Harry
Harlem, New York; during Depression; East (“Spanish Harlem,” “El Barrio”); in 1950s; upperclass African Americans
Harlem Renaissance
harvest time
Harwood, Jim
Hausa people
Hawkins, Joseph
health and nutrition; Nation of Islam and; natural food diets; obesity; reformed soul food; university-trained point of view
Hernandez, Angelo
Hernandez, Ralph
Hicock, Lorena
historically black colleges and universities (HBCUs); health and nutrition; institutional food
Hodgson, Adam
hoecakes
Hoffman, John Wesslay
hog-killing time
Home: Social Essays (Baraka)
homecoming
home fries
hominy
honky-tonks
hopping John
Hornsby, Alton, Jr.
Hornsby, Sadie B.
hospitality, southern
housing
Howard University
How to Eat to Live (Muhammad)
Hudson River
Hughes, Langston
Hughes, Louis
hunting methods
Hurricane (Pittsburgh)
Iberian cookery
The Ideal (Harlem)
Igbo people; traditions; in Virginia
indentured servants, white
infrapolitics
intellectual property rights, black
Interdenominational Theological Center
interracial dining, Father Divine and
Islamic religion. See also Nation of Islam
Italians
Jackson, Mahalia
Jackson, Maynard
Jamaican cookery
James, Stanlie M.
El Jaravi (North Tarrytown)
Jarrett, Vernon
jazz
Jeanpierre, W. A.
Jeffries, Bob
jerking meat
jim crow; black sections of restaurants; Harlem in 1950s; resistance to; special occasion foods in restaurants; student sit-in movement; in Westchester County (New York)
Jock’s Palace (Harlem)
Joe’s Barbecue (Poughkeepsie)
Johnnie B’s (Richmond)
Johnson, Betty
Johnson, James Weldon
Johnson, Joseph “Joe Mack”
Johnson, Ralph
Johnson’s Barbecue (South Bronx)
Jones, LeRoi. See Baraka, Amiri
Jubilee, Yamaja
Juffure (Mande village)
July, Robert W.
Kelly’s (Atlantic City)
King, B. B.
King, Martin Luther, Jr.
kings
Ku Klux Klan
Knight, Gladys
knishes
kola nut
Kya (Mande town)
Lane, Daroca
laying-up time
lechon azado
Leggio, Carmen John
Lemah, Dr.
Leslie, Charles
Lewis, Joan B.
Lincoln, Abraham
loblolly
Lockett, Samuel H.
Lopez, Miguel
Lucky Seven Grocery (North Tarrytown)
lyelynching
Mabry, Laura Evangeline
macaroni and cheese
mafongo con chicahrones
maize
Malagasy (Madagascars) people
Malcolm X
Malcolm X Boulevard (Harlem)
mambo mania
Mande people
mangu, Dominican
Manhattan, Bowery neighborhood
manioc
Manna’s Buffet and Catering Service (Harlem)
Marees, Pieter de
Marín, Luis Muñoz
marinades
Marocho celebration
Maryland; jim crow
Maybee, Carleton
meat; agie el dulce (chili con carne); Amerindian use of; barbecue; British folkways; goat; jerking; red meat; squirrel; turtle; uses of; venison; wild game. See also pork; poultry
meat, meal, and molasses (three Ms)
Meharry Medical College
Mendes, Helen
Metropolis (Harlem)
M & G (Harlem)
Middle Passage
Miller, Malcolm J.
Miller, Roy
Miller, Ruth Thorpe
millet
missionaries
mixta
molasses
Molten, Benny
Moorish Science Temple of America
Moors
Morehouse College
Morris Brown College
motherhood, biblical
Motown
Mozambique
Muhammad, Elijah
multiethnic communities
nadir of race relations
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)
National Council of Negro Women
Nation of Islam; bean pie; healthy eating, promotion of
Native Americans. See Amerindians
nealing (pudding)
Neely, Francis Ann Watkins
negritude
New Deal programs
New Era (Nashville)
New Negro movement
New Orleans
newspapers, African American
Newton, Huey P.
New Year’s Day
New York; African-influenced Caribbean cuisines; Brooklyn; case studies of eating habits; Cubans; South Bronx. See also Harlem; Harlem, New York; North Tarrytown New York; Ossining, New York; Tarrytown, New York; Westchester County, New York
Nigeria
Niger River region
Nite and Day Delicatessen (North Tarrytown)
noblemen
North Africans
North Carolina
North Carolina A&T
North Carolina Central University (NCCU)
North Tarrytown, New York; Cuban restaurants
Obie’s (Harlem)
Off Campus Grill (Durham)
okra
Olmsted, Frederick Law
one-pot meals
Opie, Dorothy
Opie, Fred, Jr.
Opie, Fred, Sr.
Opie, Lucy Dimmie
Opie, Margaret
Opie, Washington “Wash” (Opia)
oral history
oral traditions
orchards
Ossining, New York
Ossining Economic Opportunity Center
Ossining Volunteer Fire Department
Our Campus Grill (Durham)
Outlaw, Benjamin
Outlaw, Hattie
oyster dressing
paella a la Valenciana
palm oil
palm wine
paloon
Panamanians
pancakes
Park, Mungo
Parker, Charlie “Bird,”
Parks, Gordon
Parks, Rosa
Pascal’s (Atlanta)
Patterson House (Bronx)
Peace Centers (Father Divine)
Peekskill Riots (1949)
pepper
pepper pot
Philly’s Bake and Take (Mount Vernon)
physical activity
physicians, African American
pies; bean pie; chess; lemon icebox pies; mincemeat; rhubarb; sweet potato pie; vinegar; vinegar pies
Pinch of Soul in Book Form, A (Bowser)
Pinckney, Eliza Lucas
Pino, Freddy
Pittman, Clara Bullard
plantains
plantations: in Caribbean; rice
planting festival
Pocantico Hills (Rockefeller estate)
Poe, Tracy N.
Point Four Program
pollo frito
pork; chitlins; for Christmas; country ham; fatback; frog; inclusion in other dishes; Nation of Islam restrictions on; for New Year’s Day; poor-quality; pork; smoked ham
portion control
Portuguese
potatoes: french-fried potatoes; home fries
poultry; chicken and waffles; chicken as Gospel bird; chicken as sacred food; for Christmas; Guinea hen; hens; refusal to cook chicken for white employers; on special occasions. See also meat
Powell, Adam Clayton, Jr.
Pozas, George
Pozo, Chano
Priestly, George
processed foods
property ownership, African American
protein
puddings
Puerto Rican restaurants
Puerto Ricans
Quintana, Pascual
rabbit (hare)
railroad camps
Randolph, Peter
Reconstruction
Red Rooster (Harlem)
Reed, Patricia
reform efforts
relief programs
religion: African, food and; during antebellum period; camp meetings; Christianity; Father Divine; homecoming; interchurch visiting; late-nineteenth-century revivals; Watch Night
Remarks on the Slave Trade, and the Slavery of the Negroes
rent parties
Report from Black America
restaurants: African American employees in white-owned; African American-owned; bars and grills; Caribbean; Cuban; Dominican; franchises; Harlem; rib stands; segregated; soul food, late 1960s; soulless; upper-class African American. See also individual restaurants
rice; arroz con camarones; arroz con gallina; arroz con pollo; in gumbo; hopping John; white vs. brown
Rice Coast
rice plantations
Rockefeller, John D.
Roots (Haley)
ropa vieja (shredded beef)
Ross, Carrie
Ross, Diana
Rustin, Bayard
Rutherford, John
Sadique, Sundiata (Walter Brooks)
St. Mark’s Catholic Church
salmon, canned
salt
salt pork
Salvation Army
Samos, Virginia
Santo Domingo
S[a]o Tomé
sauces; barbecue sauce; flabber-sauce
Saunders, Elijah
sausage dressing
“Saving Soul Food” (Newsweek)
Scharff ’s Restaurant (White Plains)
Schaw, Jen
Scott, Bill
seafood
Seale, Bobby
seasonings; annatto seeds; Italian spices
Sehnert, Keith W.
self-determination
self-starvation as crime
separate but equal laws
Sepia
Seventh-Day Adventists
sharecropping
shared culinary traditions
shea butter
Simone, Nina
Sing Sing Prison
slave rations; Caribbean; Chesapeake Bay region; on slave ships; South Carolina
slaves: appropriation of food; artisans; Atlantic slave trade; percentage of compared to whites; in West African societies
Sleepy Hollow. See North Tarrytown
Smalls, Alexander
Small’s Paradise (New York)
soul; antebellum religion and; collective identity and; oral traditions and; origins in African religion; political origins of; as term. See also religion; special occasions
soul food; as art form; chicken and waffles; debates over; defined; genocidal implications; as high cuisine; jim crow eateries and; late 1960s; Northern traditions; origins of term; reformed; as white man’s culture
soul intuition
soul music; origins of term
Souls of Black Folk, The (Du Bois)
Soul to Soul: A Soul Food Vegetarian Cookbook (Burgess)
Soul Vegetarian restaurants
South: Depression and; landlords provide dinner; soul and
South Carolina; Charleston; family diets, Great Migration years; proprietary patronage; slave rations. See also Carolinas
Southern Cooking (Dull)
speakeasies
special occasions; Chesapeake Bay region; chicken as sacred food; Christmas; co-optation of by slaves; during Depression; food and African religion; Fourth of July; Great Migration era; homecoming; late-nineteenth-century revivals; rent parties; sixth of January (old Christmas); during slavery; Watch Night
Spelman College
steam engine
stews; bonne-bouche; Brunswick stew; oglios; sancocho; West African cookery
store-bought food
store owners, white
stores, African American
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
Suarez, Orestes
Suarez, Pozas
subsistence farming
sugar plantations
Sundstrom, William A.
supermarkets
surplus food distribution program
sweet milk
sweet potatoes
sweet potato pie; as soul food
Sylvia Woods’s (Harlem)
tamales
Tappan Hill Restaurant (Tarrytown)
Tarks’ (White Plains)
Tarrytown, New York; Cuban migration to. See also North Tarrytown, New York
task system
Taylor, Joe Gray
Taylor, Matilda
technology for cooking
Temple No. 7
tenant farming
textile mills
theaters, African American
Tillie’s Chicken Shack (Harlem)
Toreador (restaurant)
train rides, food for
travel accounts
Tuskegee Institute
Tuskegee Woman’s Club
Tweedy, Mary
University of the District of Columbia
upper class, African American: Harlem
Upper-Class Men (Tarrytown)
urban centers. See also Harlem; New York; North Tarrytown; Ossining; Tarrytown
US Organization
vegans
vegetables: British foodways; for seasoning; wild. See also greens
vegetarian foods
vegetarians
venison
La Via (North Tarrytown)
Virginia; Cloverdale, migrants from; Igbo people in; Samos
Virginia State College
Virginia Union University
Von Hesse-Warteg, Ernest
waffles
Walker, Gladys (Geraldine)
Walker, Robert (Bill)
Ward, Reginald T.
War on Poverty
Warren, Frances
Warren, Jim
Washington, Booker T.
Washington, D.C.
Washington, Margaret
Watch Night
Watson, George
Watts, Eugene
Watts, Gene
Weekly Louisianian
Well’s Waffle House (Harlem)
West African societies
West African cookery; barbecue; as healthy; Igbo traditions; Mande traditions
Westchester County, New York
Western Bantu people
West Indian cookery
West Indies
Westray (Pittsburgh)
“What’s Wrong with Soul Food?” (Johnson and Reed)
White, Joyce
White, Katie
White, Maggie
White, Nora Burns
whites: indentured servants; poor and working class; South, eating habits; tenant farmers
Williams, Eugene “Hot Sauce,”
Williams, Lindsey
Williams-Forson, Psyche A.
Williamson, Edward
Wilson, Woodrow
women: domestic work; labor-intensive work
Wonderful Bar (Tarrytown)
Works Progress Administration (WPA); “America Eats” (WPA); “Feeding the City” (WPA)
World War I
World War II
yam belt
yam foo foo
yams