by Rebecca Knight
As the coronavirus pandemic continues to evolve, the damage to the job market looks likely to be deep and long-lasting. Managers are not only dealing with the stress and sadness of having to let go of a large number of their workers; many of them also feel underlying anxiety about their own positions. Even if laying off employees is the only way to keep the organization running, how do you handle your feelings of guilt and sadness? How should you deliver the news when you can’t meet face to face? What should you say to your employees who remain? And what can you do to manage fear about your own future?
Laying off employees is difficult in normal times, but amidst the Covid-19 global health crisis, the task is “emotionally and cognitively overwhelming,” according to Joshua Margolis, a professor at Harvard Business School. “This experience for most of us is unfathomable,” he says. “There’s a great deal of uncertainty, and people’s minds are whirring.” As a manager charged with dismissing a wide swath of employees, “you’re pulled in different directions. Your heart goes out to people, but you have a responsibility to the organization.” That tension is magnified when you’re also worried about your own fate, says Kenneth Freeman, Dean Emeritus at Boston University’s Questrom School of Business. “You’re human and you’re going to have a lot of those two a.m. moments,” he says. But the key is to try as best you can to separate your personal worries from the task at hand. “In your role as a manager, you need to be there for your people.” Here are some recommendations.
If you’re the one making the decisions about layoffs, Margolis recommends asking yourself one question: Is downsizing your workforce truly necessary? The impulse to cut costs is understandable, but “this is not a periodic recession.” Rather, the pandemic represents “an exceptional historic moment that will end up being pivotal for the economy and for people’s communities, careers, and lives,” and it might “warrant a different response.” As a leader, you need to spark “resourceful, creative thinking about how your organization can save as many jobs as possible.” Freeman suggests gathering your management team and asking, “Can we make sacrifices elsewhere? What are our other options to reduce costs?” Your goal is to think broadly about how you distribute the widespread negative consequences of Covid-19. “Laying off people should be the last resort,” he says. And if you must do layoffs, make every effort to “avoid multiple rounds” of cuts.
If you decide layoffs are necessary, or others have made that decision for you, then make sure you’re prepared before you reach out to the affected employees. Figure out “how and when you will deliver the news to your employees on an individual basis” and what the message will consist of, says Freeman. People are likely going to have a lot of questions about the timing, their benefits, and severance. These conversations may need to happen fast, but you’ll have a better chance of easing your own and the employee’s anxiety if you can provide them with answers about what happens next. Reach out to HR, your legal department, and any other senior leaders who might be able to help you prepare answers to questions such as “When will I get my last paycheck?” and “What happens to my 401(k)?”
Even if you’ve presided over layoffs in the past, overseeing them during the coronavirus outbreak will be different for one key reason: They probably won’t take place in person because of social-distancing measures. What’s more, you need to have a highly private conversation at a time when privacy is difficult to achieve. “We all have families under foot and lots of things going on,” says Margolis. He suggests asking your employee, “Is there a time when I can get 15 minutes of your full attention?” Be forewarned: You may get pushback. They may anticipate what’s coming, and “some people aren’t going to have the psychological wherewithal to deal with it,” he says. In this case, he recommends saying something like, “Can you let me know when you’re ready to have this conversation so I can tell you the next steps?”
If you have to deliver the message remotely, Freeman says that you must take extra care to break the news “with empathy and compassion.” Your aim is to “treat people with dignity, fairness, and respect.” Even though you may worry that you, too, might get laid off, this particular termination is not about you. “This is not a time for you to take up space,” says Margolis. Don’t succumb to your insecurities by saying something like, “This is really hard for me.” At the same time, don’t “totally detach from your humanity” so that you “become a mechanical robot.” Instead, find a way “to engage your emotion” and cultivate a “calm and low-key” manner. Ideally, you will have the conversation via video link so that you can make eye contact with the other person. If the conversation takes place on the phone, free yourself of all distractions. As Margolis says, “Be fully present and listen.”
Your message should be “clear, concise, and unequivocal,” says Margolis—for instance, “I’m sorry, but at the end of next week we are terminating your job.” Imparting an “expeditious, direct message can feel cold, but it allows the other person to process what you’re saying,” he says. Express gratitude for their hard work and dedication. Then offer a short and simple explanation about the economic conditions that led to the layoff. “Stress that this is not about a specific job performance,” says Freeman. “This is not the employee’s fault. This is about a global circumstance that none of us created.” Acknowledge, too, that one of the difficult things about being laid off during this crisis is that coworkers won’t get a chance to say good-bye in person. For a lot of people, “colleagues are part of their extended family.” Try to convey the message that “we all care about you.”
Freeman recommends “being readily available” and willing to provide “support and counsel” to your employee, even after the initial conversation. Recognize that this person may need time to process the news and may have questions for you later. “They might come back to reconnect or seek your advice,” Freeman says. Be helpful. Provide information regarding where your employee should go for government benefits. Offer ideas about job opportunities at other organizations. Offer to serve as a reference. But, cautions Margolis, “Don’t overcommit to things you can’t deliver.” For instance, “You may feel tempted to say, ‘As things get clearer, and the economy improves, you’re on our list to come back,’ ” he says. But no one has that kind of foresight. “Don’t sugarcoat, and don’t give false hope.”
In times like these, your remaining employees will look to you for comfort—and an explanation, says Freeman. “The survivors are going to be worried about their jobs,” he says. The fact is, “No one knows where this is going to end,” so the “onus is on you to be as transparent as possible.” He recommends you hold an “Ask Me Anything” session—an open forum of sorts—so that “rumors don’t take over.” You will need “a succinct explanation for why the layoffs were necessary,” says Margolis. He recommends saying something like, “The organization is facing a challenge unlike anything it has ever faced. Let me tell you what we did, why we did it, and how we can move on.” Then it’s up to you to “absorb their tension and agitation” and listen to their concerns. You need to “exude a commitment to continue to move forward,” he says.
This is an excruciatingly stressful time for everyone, and managers often bear an extra burden, says Freeman. “You feel responsible for the livelihoods of your team and for the health and well-being of their families,” he says. One of the many ways that people “cope with turbulence” is by going to routines and rituals, says Margolis. But because of widespread lockdowns and shelter-in-place orders, our routines “have been disrupted.” It’s critical, therefore, that you have “a place where you can vent, release tension, and where you deal with your worries.” Find someone else you can talk to—maybe a peer, a mentor, or a colleague at a different organization. “It’s okay to articulate in certain circles that you don’t know about your own future and that unleashes worry.” But be selective and cautious about how much stress and emotion you show to your team. “All eyes are on you” to provide a path forward.
Finally, take care of yourself, says Margolis. “Hopefully, this is the only time you face something of this magnitude. But it’s unlikely to be the only time you face a challenge during a period of great uncertainty. The best coping mechanism for when you can’t anticipate what’s in store for you is self-care.” Eat healthy, wholesome food; get regular exercise; try meditating; get plenty of sleep at night; read a good book. A little perspective helps too. After all, “You are not alone,” says Freeman. Unfortunately, “there are a lot of supervisors going through this.”
TAKEAWAYS
Laying off employees is difficult in normal times, but amidst the Covid-19 global health crisis, the task may be emotionally and cognitively overwhelming. Following a few important practices can help you minimize the emotional toll on your employees and yourself.
Adapted from “How to Manage Coronavirus Layoffs with Compassion” on hbr.org, April 7, 2020 (product #H05JOY).