1. “Welcome to Wooster: About,” n.d., https://www.woosteroh.com/welcome-wooster, accessed August 14, 2018.
2. S. Perry, “Introduction to Nomenclature and Classification of Acute Leukemias,” in Nomenclature, Methodology and Results of Clinical Trials in Acute Leukemias: Recent Results in Cancer Research / Fortschritte der Krebsforschung / Progrès dans les recherches sur le cancer, vol. 43, ed. G. Mathé, P. Pouillart, and L. Schwarzenberg (Berlin: Springer, 1973).
3. G. J. Piller, “Leukaemia—A Brief Historical Review from Ancient Times to 1950,” British Journal of Haematology 112 (2001): 282–292; X. Thomas, “First Contributors in the History of Leukemia,” World Journal of Hematology 2, no. 3 (2013): 62–70; J. M. Goldman and G. Q. Daley, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia—A Brief History,” in Myeloproliferative Disorders: Hematologic Malignancies (Berlin: Springer, 2007).
4. Cleveland Clinic, “Facts and Figures,” https://my.clevelandclinic.org/about/overview/who-we-are/facts-figures, accessed August 14, 2018.
5. Source of data in table 1.1: R. L. Siegel, K. D. Miller, and A. Jemal, “Cancer Statistics, 2019,” CA Cancer Journal for Clinicians 69 (2019): 7–34; N. Howlader, A. M. Noone, M. Krapcho, et al. (eds.), SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2016 (Bethesda, MD: National Cancer Institute), https://seer.cancer.gov/csr/1975_2016/ (based on November 2018 SEER data submission, posted to the SEER website in April 2019); Y. Chen, H. Kantarjian, H. Wang, et al., “Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Population-Based Study on Incidence and Survival in the United States, 1975–2008,” Cancer 118, no. 23 (2012): 5811–5818.
6. T. Gilligan, “A Pathologic Fascination with Humanity,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 36 (2017): 425–426.
7. Account of summer jobs and intern questions expanded from M. Sekeres, “How Flipping Burgers Can Cure Leukemia,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 28 (2010): 3096–3097. Reprinted with permission, © 2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
8. M. A. Sekeres, J. P. Maciejewski, A. F. List, et al., “Perceptions of Disease State, Treatment Outcomes, and Prognosis among Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Results from an Internet-Based Survey,” Oncologist 16 (2011): 904–911.
9. Regarding 7+3 treatment with cytarabine and daunorubicin, see G. Schwartsmann, A. Brondani da Rocha, R. G. Berlinck, et al., “Marine Organisms as a Source of New Anticancer Agents,” Lancet Oncology 2 (2001): 221–225; G. Cassinelli, “The Roots of Modern Oncology: From Discovery of New Antitumor Anthracyclines to Their Clinical Use,” Tumori 102 (2016): 226–235.
10. B. G. Arndt, J. W. Beasley, M. D. Watkinson, et al., “Tethered to the EHR: Primary Care Physician Workload Assessment Using EHR Event Log Data and Time-Motion Observations,” Annals of Family Medicine 15, no. 5 (September 2017): 419–426.
11. For clinical studies in the late 1980s, see B. Lowenberg, R. Zittoun, H. Kerkhofs, et al., “On the Value of Intensive Remission-Induction Chemotherapy in Elderly Patients of 65+ Years with Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Randomized Phase III Study of the European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer Leukemia Group,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 7 (1989): 1268–1274. For a “retrospective” view of supportive care, see: R. Baz, C. Rodriguez, A. Z. Fu, et al., “Impact of Remission Induction Chemotherapy on Survival in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia,” Cancer 110 (2007): 1752–1759.
12. Formaldehyde, 2-Butoxyethanol and 1-tert-Butoxypropan-2-ol, Monograph 88 (Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2006).
1. For biopsy needle, see L. A. Parapia, “Trepanning or Trephines: A History of Bone Marrow Biopsy,” British Journal of Haematology 139 (2007): 14–19. For biopsy drill, see S. Jain, M. Enzerra, R. S. Mehta, et al., “Bone Marrow Biopsies Performed by Both the Powered OnControl Drill Device and the Jamshidi Needle Produce adequate specimens,” Journal of Clinical Pathology 70 (2017): 541–543.
2. N. Singh Ospina, K. A. Phillips, R. Rodriguez-Gutierrez, et al., “Eliciting the Patient’s Agenda-Secondary Analysis of Recorded Clinical Encounters,” Journal of General Internal Medicine 2018, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-018-4540-5.
3. Stories in this section about patients’ desire to understand the cause of their illness come from Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Wondering What Caused the Cancer,” New York Times, April 21, 2016, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2016/04/21/wondering-what-caused-the-cancer, accessed August 15, 2018.
4. For biographical information on Sadako Sasaki, see http://sadakosasaki.com/, accessed December 10, 2018. For findings from the research on radiation and the human body, see Atomic Bomb Disease Institute, Nagasaki University, “History and Aims,” https://www-sdc.med.nagasaki-u.ac.jp/abdi/history/index_e.html, accessed August 15, 2018; and M. Iwanaga, W. L. Hsu, M. Soda, et al., “Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in People Exposed to Ionizing Radiation: A Retrospective Cohort Study of Nagasaki Atomic Bomb Survivors,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 29 (2011): 428–434.
5. Tomas Radivoyevitch, Lynn Hlatky, Julian Landaw, et al., “Quantitative Modeling of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: Insights from Radiobiology,” Blood 119 (2012): 4363–4371.
6. Iwanaga et.al., “Risk of Myelodysplastic Syndromes in People Exposed to Ionizing Radiation.”
7. Charlotte Jacobs, Henry Kaplan and the Story of Hodgkin’s Disease (Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press, 2010).
8. C. Polprasert, I. Schulze, M. A. Sekeres, et al., “Inherited and Somatic Defects in DDX41 in Myeloid Neoplasms,” Cancer Cell 27 (2015): 658–670.
9. R. Desai, D. Collett, C. J. Watson, et al., “Cancer Transmission from Organ Donors—Unavoidable but Low Risk,” Transplantation 94 (2015): 1200–1207.
10. S. Osada, K. Horibe, K. Oiwa, et al., “A Case of Infantile Acute Monocytic Leukemia Caused by Vertical Transmission of the Mother’s Leukemic Cells,” Cancer 65 (1990): 1146–1149.
11. P. C. Nowell and D. A. Hungerford, “Chromosome Studies on Normal and Leukemic Human Leukocytes,” Journal of the National Cancer Institute 25 (1960): 85–109.
12. J. M. Goldman and G. Q. Daley, “Chronic Myeloid Leukemia—A Brief History,” in Myeloproliferative Disorders: Hematologic Malignancies (Berlin: Springer, 2007).
13. Ibid.
14. For an interview with Brian Druker, see C. Dreifus, “Researcher behind the Drug Gleevec,” New York Times, November 2, 2009, https://www.nytimes.com/2009/11/03/science/03conv.html. For an extended profile on Druker’s research and Gleevec, see Terence Monmaney, “A Triumph in the War against Cancer,” Smithsonian, May 2011, https://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/a-triumph-in-the-war-against-cancer-1784705/, accessed August 19, 2019. See also, M. Deininger, E. Buchdunger, and B. J. Druker, “The Development of Imatinib as a Therapeutic Agent for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood 105 (2005): 2640–2653.
15. J. Druker, M. Talpaz, D. J. Resta, et al., “Efficacy and Safety of a Specific Inhibitor of the BCR-ABL Tyrosine Kinase in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” New England Journal of Medicine 344 (2001): 1031–1037.
16. G. O’Brien, F. Guilhot, R. A. Larson, et al., “Imatinib Compared with Interferon and Low-Dose Cytarabine for Newly Diagnosed Chronic-Phase Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” New England Journal of Medicine 348 (2003): 994–1004.
17. A. Hochhaus, R. Larson, F. Guilhot, et al., “Long-Term Outcomes of Imatinib Treatment for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia,” New England Journal of Medicine 376 (2017): 917–927; Bob Tedeschi, “The Survivors: How an Experimental Treatment Saved Patients and Changed Medicine,” StatNews, April 25, 2017, https://www.statnews.com/2017/04/25/oncology-cancer-precision-medicine-gleevec/.
1. The section on the bicycle crash first appeared in Mikkael A. Sekeres, “The Doctor Gets V.I.P. Treatment,” New York Times, July 3, 2014, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/07/03/the-doctor-gets-vip-treatment/, accessed August 19, 2019.
2. M. A. Sekeres, P. Elson, M. E. Kalaycio, et al., “Time from Diagnosis to Treatment Initiation Predicts Survival in Younger, but Not Older, Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients,” Blood 113 (2009): 28–36.
3. T. C. Hoffmann and C. Del Mar, “Patients’ Expectations of the Benefits and Harms of Treatments, Screening, and Tests: A Systematic Review,” Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine 175, no. 2 (2015): 274–286.
4. T. C. Hoffman and C. Del Mar, “Clinicians’ Expectations of the Benefits and Harms of Treatments, Screening, and Tests,” Journal of the American Medical Association Internal Medicine 177 (2017): 407–419.
5. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “What Our Patients Can Teach Us,” New York Times, November 7, 2013, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/11/07/what-our-patients-can-teach-us/.
6. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “The Punishing Cost of Cancer Care,” New York Times, December 11, 2014, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/the-punishing-cost-of-cancer-care/.
7. M. A. Sekeres, R. M. Stone, D. Zahrieh, et al., “Decision-Making and Quality of Life in Older Adults with Acute Myeloid Leukemia or Advanced Myelodysplastic Syndrome,” Leukemia 18 (2004): 809–816.
8. S. J. Lee, F. R. Loberiza, J. D. Rizzo, et al., “Optimistic Expectations and Survival after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation,” Biology of Blood Marrow Transplant 9 (2003): 389–396.
9. K. R. Chhabra, K. I. Pollak, S. J. Lee, et al., “Physician Communication Styles in Initial Consultations for Hematological Cancer,” Patient Education and Counseling 93, no. 3 (2013): doi:10.1016/j.pec.2013.08.023.
10. Lee et al., “Optimistic Expectations and Survival after Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.” See also International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, “Lung Cancer Patients with Optimistic Attitudes Have Longer Survival, Study Finds,” ScienceDaily, March 8, 2010, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2010/03/100303131656.htm, accessed September 10, 2018.
11. S. J. Lee, D. Fairclough, J. H. Antin, and J. C. Weeks, “Discrepancies between Patient and Physician Estimates for the Success of Stem Cell Transplantation,” Journal of the American Medical Association 285, no. 8 (2001): 1034–1038.
12. S. G. Thakkar, A. Z. Fu, . . . M. A. Sekeres et al., “Survival and Predictors of Outcome in Patients with Acute Leukemia Admitted to the Intensive Care Unit,” Cancer 112, no. 10 (2008): 2233–2240.
13. L. K. Hillestad, “Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Acta Medica Scandanavia 159 (1957): 189–194.
14. L. Lo-Coco and L. Cicconi, “History of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Tale of Endless Revolution,” Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 3, no. 1 (2011): e2011067. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2011.067; J. D. Rowley, H. M. Golomb, and C. Dougherty, “The 15–17 Translocation: A Consistent Chromosomal Change in Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia,” Lancet 1, no. 8010 (March 5, 1997): 549–550.
15. J. Auer, “Some Hitherto Undescribed Structures Found in the Large Lymphocytes of a Case of Acute Leukaemia,” American Journal of the Medical Sciences 131, no. 6 (1906): 1002–1015.
16. J. Bernard, M. Weil, M. Boiron, et al., “Acute Promyelocytic Leukaemia: Results Treatment with Daunorubicin,” Blood 41 (1973): 489–496.
17. Z. Y. Wang and Z. Chen, “Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: From Highly Fatal to Highly Curable,” Blood 111 (2008): 2505–2515.
18. Ibid.
19. M. Huang, Y. Yu-Chen, C. Shu-Rong, et al., “Use of All Trans Retinoic Acid in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Blood 72 (1988): 567–572.
20. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “In Sickness and in Health,” New York Times, August 28, 2014, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/08/28/in-sickness-and-in-health.
1. A. Kazi, “The Life and Times of George Washington Crile,” Journal of Postgraduate Medicine 49, no. 3 (2003): 289–290; Ohio History Connection: Ohio History Central, Cleveland Clinic, http://www.ohiohistorycentral.org/w/Cleveland_Clinic, accessed October 12, 2018.
2. Brad Clifton, “The Cleveland Clinic X-Ray Fire of 1929,” Cleveland Historical, https://clevelandhistorical.org/items/show/573, accessed November 12, 2018; “History of Cleveland Clinic: A Timeline,” in The Cleveland Clinic Way: Lessons in Excellence from One of the World’s Leading Healthcare Organizations, ed. T. Cosgrove (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2014), http://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2323§ionid=180181346, accessed October 12, 2018.
3. Cleveland Clinic, “The Power of Art: The Cleveland Collection,” 2017, http://www.clevelandclinic.org/lp/power-of-art, accessed August 17, 2019.
4. Cleveland Clinic, “Empathy by Design: Healing the Body While Caring for the Mind,” Washington Post, https://www.washingtonpost.com/sf/brand-connect/cleveland-clinic/healing-while-caring-for-the-mind, accessed October 12, 2018.
5. For uses of arsenic prior and up to the 18th century, see C. Klaassen, “Heavy Metals and Heavy Metal Antagonists,” in Goodman & Gilman’s The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, ed. J. Hardman, A. Gilman, and L. Limbird (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1996), 1649–1672; and P. E. Bechet, “Arsenic: History of Its Use in Dermatology,” Archives of Dermatology and Syphilology 23, no. 1 (1931): 110–117. For 19th- and 20th-century uses, see S.-X. Zhen, G.-Q. Chen, J.-H. Ni, et al., “Use of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL): II. Clinical Efficacy and Pharmacokinetics in Relapsed Patients,” Blood 89 (1997): 3354–3360.
6. For 1990s’ studies of APL relapse in Shanghai, see P. Zhang, S. Y. Wang, and L. H. Hu, “Arsenic Trioxide Treated 72 Cases of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Chinese Journal of Hematology 17 (1996): 58–62; and Zhen et al., “Use of Arsenic Trioxide (As2O3) in the Treatment of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL).” For arsenic and maturing white blood cells, see W. H. Miller Jr., H. M. Schipper, J. S. Lee, et al., “Mechanisms of Action of Arsenic Trioxide,” Cancer Research 62 (2002): 3893–3903. For US study of relapsed APL patients, see F. Lo-Coco, and L. Cicconi, “History of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: A Tale of Endless Revolution,” Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases 3(1) (2011): e2011067. doi:10.4084/MJHID.2011.067; and S. L. Soignet, S. R. Frankel, D. Douer, et al., “United States Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 19 (2001): 3852–3860.
7. A. Ghavamzadeh, K. Alimoghaddam, S. Rostami, et al., “Phase II Study of Single-Agent Arsenic Trioxide for the Front-Line Therapy of Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 29, no.20 (June 10, 2011): 2753–2757; V. Mathews, B. George, K. M. Lakshmi, et al., “Single-Agent Arsenic Trioxide in the Treatment of Newly Diagnosed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: Durable Remissions with Minimal Toxicity,” Blood 107, no. 7 (April 1, 2006): 2627–2632.
8. S. L. Soignet, S. R. Frankel, D. Douer, et al., “United States Multicenter Study of Arsenic Trioxide in Relapsed Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 19 (2001): 3852–3860.
9. B. L. Powell, B. Moser, W. Stock, et al., “Arsenic Trioxide Improves Event-Free and Overall Survival for Adults with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: North American Leukemia Intergroup Study C9710, Blood 116, no. 19 (November 11, 2010): 3751–3757.
10. F. Lo-Coco, G. Avvisati, M. Vignetti, et al., “Retinoic Acid and Arsenic Ttrioxide for Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” New England Journal of Medicine 369, no. 2 (July 11, 2013): 111–121.
11. Ibid.
12. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Making Promises We Cannot Keep,” New York Times, October 20, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/10/20/well/live/making-promises-we-cannot-keep, accessed October 20, 2018.
13. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross, On Death and Dying (New York: Scribner, 1969).
14. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Seeking Calm on the Cancer Ward,” New York Times, May 16, 2013, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2013/05/16/seeking-calm-on-the-cancer-ward/, accessed October 20, 2018.
15. Bob Dolgan,” George Steinbrenner Left Cleveland and Became One of the Most Powerful Men in Sports,” Plain Dealer, July 14, 2010, https://www.cleveland.com/ohio-sports-blog/index.ssf/2010/07/post_120.html, accessed October 20, 2018.
16. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Love on the Hospital Walls,” New York Times, December 12, 2015, http://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/12/17/love-on-the-hospital-walls/, accessed December 17, 2015.
17 Joan Didion, The Year of Magical Thinking (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2005).
18. M. Othus, S. Mukherjee, M. A. Sekeres, et al., “Prediction of CR Following a Second Course of ‘7+3’ in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Acute Myeloid Leukemia not in CR after a First Course,” Leukemia 30, no. 8 (August 2016): 1779–1780.
19. Ronald Piana, “The Evolution of U.S. Cooperative Group Trials: Publically Funded Cancer Research at a Crossroads,” American Society of Clinical Oncology Post, March 15, 2014.
1. J. P. Cohen, “The Curious Case of Gleevec Pricing,” Forbes Magazine, https://www.forbes.com/sites/joshuacohen/2018/09/12/the-curious-case-of-gleevec-pricing/#6a48496154a3, accessed January 1, 2019; Experts in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia, “The Price of Drugs for Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) Is a Reflection of the Unsustainable Prices of Cancer Drugs: From the Perspective of a Large Group of CML Experts,” Blood 121 (2013): 4439–4442; Thomson Reuters MicroMedex Website, “AWP Policy,” https://www.micromedexsolutions.com/micromedex2/4.31.0/WebHelp/RED_BOOK/AWP_Policy/AWP_Policy.htm, accessed January 2, 2019.
2. M. Herper, “Celgene, Sold for $74 Billion, Leaves a Legacy of Chutzpah in Science and Drug Pricing,” StatNews, January 22, 2019, https://www.statnews.com/2019/01/22/celgene-legacy-chutzpah-science-drug-pricing/; S. Kaplan, “F.D.A. Names and Shames Drug Makers to Encourage Generic Competition,” New York Times, May 18, 2018.
3. D. H. Howard, P. B. Bach, E. R. Berndt, et al., “Pricing in the Market for Anticancer Drugs,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 29 (2015): 139–162.
4. A. Tefferi, H. Kantarjian, . . . M. A. Sekeres, et al., “In Support of a Patient-Driven Initiative and Petition to Lower the High Price of Cancer Drugs,” Mayo Clinic Proceedings 90 (2015): 996–1000.
5. T. Neuman, J. Cubanski, J. Huang, et al., “How Much ‘Skin in the Game’ Is Enough? The Financial Burden of Health Spending for People in Medicare: An Updated Analysis of Out-of-Pocket Spending as a Share of Income,” Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, June 2011, https//kaiserfamilyfoundation.files.wordpress.com/2013/01/8170.pdf.
6. S. Knoer, “What Does PBM Stand For? In Ohio (and Elsewhere), It’s Programs Bilking Millions,” StatNews, June 29, 2018, https://www.statnews.com/2018/06/29/pharmacy-benefit-managers-profits-ohio/, accessed January 2, 2019.
7. L. Noens, M. van Lierde, R. De Bock, et al., “Prevalence, Determinants, and Outcomes of Nonadherence to Imatinib Therapy in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: The ADAGIO Study,” Blood 113, no. 22 (2009): 5401–5411.
8. J. S. Benner, R. J. Glynn, H. Mogun, et al., “Long-term Persistence in Use of Statin Therapy in Elderly Patients,” Journal of the American Medical Association 288, no. 4B (July 24–31, 2002): 455–461.
9. D. L. Hershman, L. H. Kushi, T. Shao, et al., “Early Discontinuation and Nonadherence to Adjuvant Hormonal Therapy in a Cohort of 8,769 Early-Stage Breast Cancer Patients,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 27 (September 20, 2010)): 4120–4128.
10. D. Marin, A. Bazeos, F. X. Mahon, et al., “Adherence Is the Critical Factor for Achieving Molecular Responses in Patients with Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Who Achieve Complete Cytogenetic Responses on Imatinib,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 14 (May 2010): 2381–2388.
11. For CML and dropping doses, see E. Jabbour, G. Saglio, J. Radich, et al., “Adherence to BCR-ABL Inhibitors: Issues for CML Therapy,” Clinical Lymphoma, Myeloma & Leukemia 12, no. 4 (2012): 223–229. For dropping doses with AIDS, see M. A. Chesney, J. R. Ickovics, D. B. Chambers, et al., “Self-Reported Adherence to Antiretroviral Medications among Participants in HIV Clinical Trials: The AACTG Adherence Instruments,” AIDS Care 12 (2000): 255–266.
12. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “A Place to Be Heard,” New York Times, December 1, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/12/01/well/live/a-place-to-be-heard.
13. National Toxicology Program, US Department of Health and Human Services, “NTP Monograph on Developmental Effects and Pregnancy Outcomes Associated with Cancer Chemotherapy Used during Cancer,” May 13, 2013, http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/ntp/ohat/cancer_chemo_preg/chemopregnancy_monofinal_508.pdf.
14. The ICU experience here expands on Mikkael A. Sekeres, “A Hallmark Moment,” Journal of Clinical Oncology 28 (2010): 5348–5349. Reprinted with permission. ©2010 American Society of Clinical Oncology.
15. HIPAA Journal: HIPAA History, https://www.hipaajournal.com/hipaa-history/, accessed August 14, 2018.
16. P. Garfinkel, “Catering to Flyers at 30,000 Feet,” New York Times, April 8, 2018.
17. For bacterial and fungal infections for AML patients like David, see C. Hahn-Ast, A. Glasmacher, S. Muckter, et al., “Overall Survival and Fungal Infection-Related Mortality in Patients with Invasive Fungal Infection and Neutropenia after Myelosuppressive Chemotherapy in a Tertiary Care Centre from 1995 to 2006,” Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 65 (2010): 761–768. For APL patients see M. A. Sanz and P. Montesinos, “How We Prevent and Treat Differentiation Syndrome in Patients with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia,” Blood 123 (2014): 2777–2782.
18. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Seeing God through My Patients,” New York Times, July 9, 2015, https://well.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/07/09/seeing-god-through-my-patients/.
1. M. Oken, R. Creech, D. Tormey, et al., “Toxicity and Response Criteria of the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group,” American Journal of Clinical Oncology 5 (1982): 649–655.
2. Source for table 6.1: D. Karnofsky and J. Burchenal, “The Clinical Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents in Cancer,” in Evaluation of Chemotherapeutic Agents, ed. C. MacLeod (New York: Columbia University Press, 1949), 191–205.
3. Source for table 6.2: “ECOG Performance Status,” http://www.npcrc.org/files/news/ECOG_performance_status.pdf, as published in Oken et al., Toxicity and Response Criteria of the ECOG Group.”
4. B. L. Powell, B. Moser, W. Stock, et al., “Arsenic Trioxide Improves Event-Free and Overall Survival for Adults with Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia: North American Leukemia Intergroup Study C9710,” Blood 116, no. 19 (2010): 3751–3757.
5. Larry Hartman, “Arsenic and Old Lace: At the Colonial,” Harvard Crimson, December 1, 1956, https://www.thecrimson.com/article/1956/12/1/arsenic-and-old-lace-piarsenic-and/.
6. Mikkael A. Sekeres, “Breaking Bad News to Patients,” New York Times, September 29, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/09/29/well/live/breaking-bad-news-to-patients.
7. K. J. Norsworthy, F. Mulkey, A. F. Ward, et al., “Incidence of Differentiation Syndrome with Ivosidenib (IVO) and Enasidenib (ENA) for Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory (R/R) Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH)1- or IDH2-Mutated Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML): A Systematic Analysis by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA),” Blood 132 (2018): 288a.
8. E. M. Stein, C. D. DiNardo, . . . M. A. Sekeres, et al., “Enasidenib in Mutant IDH2 Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood 130, no. 6 (2017): 722–731.
9. D. L. Beck, “Hazardous to Your Health: Violence in the Health-Care Workplace,” American Society of Hematology Clinical News 4 (December 1, 2018): 134–144.
10. E. Vellenga, W. van Putten, G. J. Ossenkoppele, et al., “Autologous Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation for Acute Myeloid Leukemia,” Blood 118 (2011): 6037–6042.
11. For the history prior to (and of) E. D. Thomas’s research and procedures, see Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, History of Transplantation, https://www.fredhutch.org/en/treatment/long-term-follow-up/FAQs/transplantation.html, accessed January 26, 2019; E. D. Thomas, “Bone Marrow Transplantation—Past, Present and Future,” Nobel Prize lecture December 8, 1990, https://www.nobelprize.org/uploads/2018/06/thomas-lecture.pdf, accessed January 26, 2019; P. E. Rekers, M. P. Coulter, and S. Warren, “Effect of Transplantation of Bone Marrow into Irradiated Animals,” Archives of Surgery 60 (1950): 635–667; R. B. Epstein and E. D. Thomas, “Cytogenetic Demonstration of Permanent Tolerance in Adult Outbred Dogs,” Transplantation 5 (1967): 267–272; E. D. Thomas, G. L. Plain, T. C. Graham, et al., “Long-Term Survival of Lethally Irradiated Dogs Given Homografts of Bone Marrow,” Blood 23 (1964): 488–493, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/genefamily/hla, accessed January 26, 2019.
12. R. A. Gatti, H. J. Meuwissen, H. D. Allen, et al., “Immunological Reconstitution of Sex-Linked Lymphopenic Immunological Deficiency,” Lancet 2 (1969): 1366–1369.
13. R. L. Powles, G. R. Morgenstern, and H. E. Kay, “Mismatched Family Donors for Bone-Marrow Transplantation as Treatment for Acute Leukaemia,” Lancet 1 (1983): 612–615.
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