Aaron (biblical char.), 298
Abel (biblical char.), 17, 18, 69, 110, 147, 193, 230, 368
Abraham (biblical char.), 40
Achilles (mythical char.), 194
Ackerley, J. R., 77
Ackerley, Peter, 77
Adams, Abigail, 75
Adams, Charles, 75
Adams, Charles Francis, 76
Adams, George, 76
Adams, John, II, 76
Adams, John Quincy, 58, 75, 76
Adams, Louisa, 76
Adams, Thomas, 75–76
Adamson, Joe, 303
Adidas, 138
Adler, Alfred, 44, 45, 57, 115
Advent Review and Sabbath Herald, 112
Adventures of Augie March, The (Bellow), 138–39
Agua Caliente Jockey Club, 304
Alcott, Lizzie, 383
Alcott, Louisa May, 50–51, 361
Algonquin Round Table, 305–6
American Friends Service Committee, 257, 258, 331
American Language, The (Mencken), 306
American Medical Association, 131
Animal Crackers (film), 293
animal kingdom, sibling rivalry in, 133–34
Anquetin, Louis, 223
Antiquities of the Jews (Josephus), 368
Arouet, Armand, 29
Arouet, François-Marie (Voltaire), 29
Arthur, Chester, 81
Atlas, James, 138
Atzerodt, George, 225–26
Atzerodt, John, 226
Bach, Johann Christoph, 202
Bach, Johann Jacob, 202
Bach, Johann Sebastian, 202
Bailey, Blake, 147
Baltimore Clipper, 78
Bank, Stephen, 43, 218–19, 242, 355, 371–72
Battle Creek, Mich., 110
“Cereal Rush” in, 131
Battle Creek College, 145, 156
Battle Creek Idea, 119
Battle Creek Sanitarium, 113
Adventists in struggle for control of, 163–65
celebrities at, 144
experimental kitchen at, 128–29
financial difficulties of, 162
John relegated to figurehead role at, 162
1902 fire at, 130
1928 expansion of, 161–62
rebuilding of, 130
regimen and facilities of, 117–19
Will’s duties at, 120–22
Will’s 1901 resignation from, 130
Battle Creek Tabernacle, 112
Battle Creek Toasted Corn Flake Company, 132–33
Beagle, HMS, 77–78
Bee, Clair, 6
Beethoven, Ludwig van, 202–3
Behrman, S. N., 309
Bell, Charles, 352–53
Bellow, Maurice, 138–39
Bellow, Sam, 138–39
Bellow, Saul, 138–39
Bernard, Émile, 223, 224, 254, 255
Besnard, Albert, 212
Bhutto, Benazir, 408
Big Store, The (film), 308
Biologic Living, 117–19, 125, 128, 131, 145, 162
birth order, 31
of Booth brothers, 33
of DiMaggio brothers, 62
fairy tales and, 66
of Franklin brothers, 60
of Henry and William James, 61
infanticide and, 56
jealousy and, 66–67
of Johnson brothers, 61
of Manning brothers, 66
in non-Western societies, 56
parental favoritism and, 41–42
Philip Roth and, 66–67
primogeniture and, 55–56
psychological ramifications of, 57–58
self-esteem and, 63
of Trollope brothers, 60–61
of Waugh brothers, 40–41, 43–44, 45
see also firstborn children; second-born children
Black Panther Party, 30
Blood Knot, The (Fugard), 161
blue-footed boobies, siblicide in, 133
Bonger, Andries, 222, 224, 256
Bonger, Jo, see van Gogh, Jo Bonger
Booth, Asia, see Clarke, Asia Booth
birth order and, 33
death of, 82
and division of theatrical territories, 47, 71
drinking by, 34
early career of, 34
as father’s dresser and minder, 33–34, 35–36, 39
father’s theatrical wardrobe burnt by, 81–82
fraternal affection of John Wilkes and, 54, 72–73, 82
Hamlet portrayal of, 28, 73, 74, 80
illegitimate birth of, 36
introverted personality of, 25, 36, 39, 50–51, 71–72
John Wilkes’s career aided by, 46
John Wilkes’s desire for approval of, 47, 72
June as mentor to, 34
Lincoln assassination and, 36, 51, 79–80, 81
lost childhood of, 35–36
political arguments between John Wilkes and, 26, 27–28, 71, 72
in post-assassination return to acting, 80–81
pro-Union sympathies of, 26, 71
reviewers’ comparisons of John Wilkes and, 48
solitude enjoyed by, 37
theatrical excellence as goal of, 50, 53
theatrical rivalry of John Wilkes and, 47–48, 137
Booth, John Wilkes, 24–28, 31, 70
birth order and, 33
death of, 79
and division of theatrical territories, 47, 71
early acting career of, 46–47
Edwin’s approval sought by, 47, 72
Edwin’s support for career of, 46
erysipelas attack of, 26
extroverted personality of, 25, 36–37, 39, 51–52, 71–72, 78
fame as obsession of, 37–38, 50, 53, 73, 78, 81
father’s theatrical wardrobe inherited by, 39–40
as favorite child, 35, 38–39, 64, 72
fraternal affection of Edwin and, 54, 72–73, 82
heroic acts revered by, 37–38, 53–54, 73, 74
Lincoln assassinated by, 33, 36, 40, 47, 74, 78, 79–80, 81, 225–26
Lincoln kidnapping plot of, 26, 28, 73, 74, 78
political arguments between Edwin and, 26, 27–28, 71, 72
pro-Confederacy sympathies of, 26, 48, 71, 72, 73
reviewers’ comparisons of Edwin and, 48
as self-identified Southern actor, 38, 50, 73
sense of entitlement of, 39, 72
sex appeal of, 52–53
theatrical rivalry of Edwin and, 47–48, 137
Booth, Joseph, 25, 35, 39, 64, 70, 79
Booth, Junius Brutus, 24, 37–38, 39, 72
acting style of, 49
alcoholism of, 31–32, 33–34, 36
anti-slavery principles of, 33
erratic behavior and insanity of, 31–32, 34, 36
heroic acts revered by, 37–38
home life of, 32–33
John Wilkes as favorite of, 38–39, 42
Maryland farm of, 32–33, 35, 71
theatrical wardrobe of, 39–40, 81–82
vegetarianism of, 33
Booth, Junius Brutus “June,” Jr., 24, 25, 28, 39, 73, 79
and division of theatrical territories, 47
as Edwin’s mentor, 34
Booth, Mary Ann, 26, 27, 32–33, 37, 39
John Wilkes as favorite of, 35, 38–39
Booth Theatre, 81
Born to Rebel (Sulloway), 69
Boston Post, 48
Boston Theatre, 74
Both, Andries, 298
Both, Jan, 298
Boussod, Valadon & Co., 191, 217–18, 248, 251, 253
Bradstreet, Anne, 42
bran, Kellogg brothers’ war over, 141–42, 144
brother’s keepers, see fraternal duty
“Brother Where Dost Thou Dwell?” (Thoreau), 374
Brown, John (abolitionist), 53–54
Brown, John (slave trader), 30
Brown, Lucy, 373
Brown, Moses, 30
Brutus, Junius, 37, 53, 73, 78
Bryan, Bob, 316–17
Bryan, Mike, 316–17
Bryan, William Jennings, 144
Buckner, Bill, 347
Buddenbrooks (T. Mann), 149
Budgen, Frank, 245
Bulger, Billy, 229–32
Bulger, Jackie, 231
Bulger, Whitey, 229–32
Bush, Barbara, 135
Bush, George H. W., 77, 134–35
Bush, George W., 134–35
Bush, Jeb, 134–35
Bush, Marvin, 134
Bush, Prescott, Jr., 77
Cain (biblical char.), 17, 18, 69, 110, 147, 193, 203, 368
Canby, Henry Seidel, 385
Capone, Al, 30
Capone, Vincenzo, 30
Carle, Teet, 295
Caro, Robert, 127
Cash, Jack, 367–68
Cash, Johnny, 367–68
Cassady, Neal, 376
Castro, Fidel, 11
Catullus, 375–76
Centers for Disease Control, 260
cereal, Kelloggs’ experiments with, 128–29
“Cereal Rush,” 131
Chamber Music (J. Joyce), 245
chance, sibling difference and, 31, 74–78
Chaplin, Charlie, 203
Chaplin, Sidney, 203
Cheever, Fred, 147–48
Child’s Christmas in Wales, A (Thomas), 159
China, birth order status in, 56
Civil War, U.S., 24, 26, 28–29, 65, 72, 73
Clark, Stephen, 125
Clark, Sterling, 125
Clarke, Asia Booth, 26, 27, 35, 36–37, 38, 47, 50, 52, 73, 80
Clemens, Henry, 376
Clemens, Roger, 347
Clemens, Samuel (Mark Twain), 236
Cocoanuts, The (film), 275–76
Cocoanuts, The (play), 291–92
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 115, 159
Collyer, Homer, 219–20
Collyer, Langley, 219–20
Concord Academy, 359–61
closing of, 365
outdoor activities emphasized at, 360
Conger, Katherine, 42
Cool Hand Luke (film), 94
Cooper, Gordon, 85
corn, breakfast cereals from, 132–33
Coward, Noel, 305
Crash of 1929, 162
Crawford, Joan, 189
Cuvier, Frédéric, 61
Cuvier, Georges, 61
Dali, Felipa, 368–69
Dali, Salvador (dead brother), 368–69
Dali, Salvador (father), 368–69
Dali, Salvador (painter), 368–69
Darwin, Erasmus Alvey, 77
Dassler, Adolf, 137–38
Dassler, Rudolf, 137–38
Davidson, Garrie, 81–82
Davis, Jefferson, 78
Day at the Races, A (film), 297, 304, 308
Death of a Salesman (Miller), 62
Death of Chatterton, The (Wallis), 263
death of sibling, see sibling, death of
De Fraterno Amore (Plutarch), 70
Delacroix, Eugène, 216
Detroit Daily Advertiser, 48
Deutsch, Ronald, 118
Dickens, Charles, 74–75
Dickens, John, 74
DiMaggio, Dom, 62
DiMaggio, Joe, 62
DiMaggio, Mike, 62
DiMaggio, Tom, 62
DiMaggio, Vince, 62
Disney, Roy, 299
Disney, Walt, 299
displacement, 114
Donaldson, Scott, 148
Dreyfus, Alfred, 193
Dreyfus, Mathieu, 193
Dubliners (J. Joyce), 245
Duck Soup (film), 290, 295, 315
Dumont, Margaret, 290–93
death of, 324
Earhart, Amelia, 144
East of Eden (J. Steinbeck), 147
Edel, Leon, 241–42
Edwards, John Newman, 310
Eggars, Dave, 203
Eisenhower, David, 116
Eisenhower, Dwight, 116
Eisenhower, Earl, 116
Eisenhower, Edgar, 116
Eisenhower, Ida, 116
Elegiac Verses (Wordsworth), 376
Ellison, Herbert, 127
Ellison, Ralph, 127
Ellmann, Richard, 115, 244, 245
Ellsler, John, 49–50
Emanuel, Ariel, 71
Emanuel, Ezekiel, 71
Emanuel, Rahm, 71
Emerson, Bulkeley, 383
Emerson, Edward, 357, 377, 384
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 360, 364, 379, 383, 389–90
Henry Thoreau as boarder at home of, 353, 366, 373
Henry Thoreau as surrogate for dead brothers of, 365–66, 374
Henry Thoreau’s strained relationship with, 383–85
as mentor and father-figure to Henry Thoreau, 365, 383
enemas, J. H. Kellogg’s promotion of, 118, 162
English Men of Science: Their Nature and Nurture (Galton), 54–55
entitlement, sense of:
parental favoritism and, 44
environment:
sibling difference and, 30
Epstein, Julius, 316
Esau (biblical char.), 17–18, 40, 42, 43, 157, 196
eugenics, 145
Everett, Rupert, 61
Everly, Don, 317–18
Everly, Phil, 317–18
Everly Brothers, 317–18
Fable for Critics, A (J. R. Lowell), 383–84
fairy tales, younger brothers in, 66
Falconer (Cheever), 148
Feminine Mystique, The (Friedan), 88
Fenneman, George, 326
Finnegans Wake (J. Joyce), 246
firstborn children, 55–61
Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, 61
Benjamin Spock, 58–59
as conformists, 69
Geoffrey Wolff, 59
George III, 58
Henry Kissinger, 59–60
IQs of, 57
James Baldwin, 58
James Franklin, 60
John Adams, 58
John Quincy Adams, 58
Kermit Miller, 62
Lyndon Johnson, 61
parental favoritism and, 41–42, 43
as precocious achievers, 57–58
psychological burdens on, 58
as role models and mentors, 58–61
Stanley White, 59
Thomas Trollope, 60–61
Fisher, Art, 287–88
Five Chinese Brothers, The, 276–77
Fleiss, Wilhelm, 108
food, sibling rivalry and, 115–16
Ford, Bob, 310
Ford, Charley, 310
Ford, Harry, 53
Ford, Henry, 144
Ford, John T., 48
Four Marx Brothers, 284, 287–91
Franklin, Benjamin, 60
Franklin, James, 60
fraternal affection, of Booth brothers, 54, 72–73, 82
fraternal collaborators, 275–326
Aaron and Moses, 298
Both brothers, 298
brotherly example and, 284–85
Bryan brothers, 316–17
conflict among, 316–20
Disney brothers, 299
division of labor among, 298–303, 310
Everly brothers, 317–18
Gershwin brothers, 300–301, 309
Goncourt brothers, 218, 302–3, 316
Howe brothers, 298
James gang, 310–11
leadership role in, 309–11
Marx Brothers, 275–76, 282–84, 287–98, 303–8, 311–16
Mayo brothers, 285–86, 299–300
Montgolfier brothers, 298–99
paternal ambition and, 282–84
personality differences in, 298–302, 310
Rothschild brothers, 284, 300, 309
fraternal duty, 191–256
Atzerodt brothers and, 225–26
Bach brothers and, 202
Beethoven brothers and, 202–3
Bulger brothers and, 229–32
Chaplin brothers and, 203
civic duty vs., 225–32
Collyer brothers and, 219–20
and disabled siblings, 218–20
Dreyfus brothers and, 193
Eggars brothers and, 203
Hagel brothers and, 204
of Hector to Paris, 194
Herrick brothers and, 194
Joyce brothers and, 242–46
Kaczynski brothers and, 226–29
Keats brothers and, 193
Marrocco brothers and, 193–94
Muir brothers and, 194
as protection from abusive parents, 203–4
rejection of, 225
responsibility to self vs., 225
Rhodes brothers and, 203–4
self-interest as motive in, 241–42
sibling rivalry and, 242
Silver brothers and, 225
as source of identity, 242–46
as substitute for absent or incapacitated parents, 202–5
van Gogh brothers and, 191–93, 194–202, 206–19, 220–25, 232–41, 247–56
Warhola brothers and, 203
Washington brothers and, 194, 204
Whitman brothers and, 204–5
Woolf brothers and, 226
fraternal loyalty:
of Eisenhower brothers, 117
of Kennedy brothers, 117
of Marx Brothers, 297–98, 322–23
sibling rivalry and, 117
Fratianno, Jimmy “The Weasel,” 322
fratricide:
in literature, 147–48
symbolic, 148–51
see also siblicide; sibling rivalry
French Revolution, 70
Freud, Alexander, 110
Freud, Anna, 109
Freud, Clement, 148
Freud, Julius, 108–9
Freud, Lucian, 148
Freud, Sigmund, 114
and death of Julius, 108–9
as favorite child, 44
Freud, Stephen, 148
Friars Club, 314
Fugard, Athol, 161
Gachet, Paul, 249, 250, 253–54, 256
Galápagos Islands, 69
Gauguin, Paul, 256
in Arles, 236–37
Theo van Gogh’s support of, 235
Vincent van Gogh and, 235–39
Gebrüder Dassler, 137–38
George III, King of England, 58
Gershwin, George, 300–301, 309
Gilmore, Mikal, 376
Ginsberg, Allen, 376
Godfather films, 67
Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von, 159
Goldberg, Isaac, 309
Goncourt, Edmond de, 218, 302–3, 316
Goncourt, Jules de, 218, 302–3, 316
“Goodbye, My Brother” (Cheever), 148
Good Health, 120
Goupil, 196–97, 198, 200, 206, 209
see also Boussod, Valadon & Co.
Go West (film), 308
Granose Flakes, 129–30
grief:
disenfranchised, 354–55
stages of, 354
Grimm, Wilhelm, 66, 301–2, 309
Growing Up with Chico (Maxine Marx), 304
Guillaumin, Armand, 223
Guy, Al, 135
Guy, Ray, 135–36
Hagel, Chuck, 204
Hagel, Tom, 204
Haldane, J. B. S., 241
Hamilton, Nigel, 150
Hand, Dave, 299
Hardeen, 137
Harpo Speaks! (H. Marx and R. Barber), 305
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 357, 379, 382–83
Hector (mythical char.), 194
Hemingway, Ernest, 262
heredity:
gene recombination in, 31
personality traits and, 30–31
sibling difference and, 30–31
Herrick, Richard, 194
Herrick, Ronald, 194
Hillcrest Country Club, 314, 322, 323
Hitler, Adolf, 371–72
Hitler, Alois, 371–72
Hitler, Edmund, 371
Hoffman, Abbie, 178
Hole in the World, A (Rhodes), 204
Holmes, Richard, 115
honor killings, last-born brothers and, 66
Hooker, Joseph, 55
Horse Feathers (film), 293
Houdini, Harry, 137
Howe, Richard, 298
Howe, William, 298
Hunt, Jonathan, 70
Hunt, Leavitt, 70
Hunt, Richard Morris, 70
Hunt, William Morris, 70
identical twins, personality traits in, 30–31
Theo van Gogh’s championing of, 212, 217–18, 222, 223–24
Vincent van Gogh and, 223–24
infanticide, birth order and, 56
Invisible Man (Ellison), 127
IQ:
birth order and, 57
stereotyping and, 69
Isaac (biblical char.), 18, 40, 42, 43
Jacob (biblical char.), 17–18, 40, 43, 61, 157, 196
James, Alice (sister of Henry and William), 65
James, Alice (William’s wife), 159–60
James, Bob, 65
James, Frank, 310–11
James, Henry, 61, 65, 67, 70–71, 75, 126, 159–60
James, Jesse, 310–11
James, Wilky, 65
James, William, 61, 65, 67, 70–71, 75, 126, 159–60
Japan, birth order status in, 56
jealousy, birth order and, 66–67
Jefferson, Joseph, 79
Johnson, Lyndon, 61
Johnson, Sam, 61
Jones, Bobby, 292
Jones, Thomas, 78–79
Joseph (biblical char.), 18, 40, 157
Josephus, 368
Journal des Goncourt, 303
Joyce, Charles, 115
Joyce, George, 115
Joyce, John Stanislaus, 243, 245
Joyce, Stanislaus, 115, 242–46
J. P. Kellogg and Son, 111
Julius Caesar (Shakespeare), Booth brothers in, 24–25, 26–27
Jungle, The (Sinclair), 144
Kaczynski, David, 226–29
Kaczynski, Ted, 226–29
Kahn, Gustave, 212
Kean, Edmund, 53
Keats, John, 193
Keats, Tom, 193
Kekchi Indians, 109
Kelly, Fred, 319
Kellogg, Albert, 113
Kellogg, Carrie Staines, 143–44, 165
Kellogg, Ella Eaton, 124–25, 156
Kellogg, John Harvey:
Adventist upbringing of, 110–11
as autodidact, 111
Biologic Living regimen of, 117–19, 131, 145, 162
in bran wars with Will, 141–42, 144
cereal experiments of, 128–29
childhood domination of Will by, 111–12
commercialism shunned by, 131, 132
egotism and vanity of, 122–23
eugenics and, 145
extroverted personality of, 107, 110, 123
in failure to acknowledge Will’s hard work, 121–22
gastrointestinal problems of, 118
increasing eccentricity of, 162–63
inventions of, 119–20
in legal battles with Will, 107–8, 141–43, 164
medical training of, 112–13
old age and death of, 161–65
orphaned children taken in by, 124, 151, 156
as philanthropist, 151
Post’s rivalry with, 130–31, 140, 142
prodigious output of, 119–20, 144–45, 162
publicity sought by, 144, 152–53
relegated to figurehead role at Sanitarium, 162
as Sanitarium director, 113
short stature of, 123
South Side Chicago mission of, 151
as unable to apologize or admit failure, 122
vegetarianism of, 112, 118, 124
White family’s sponsorship of, 112–13
as Will’s employer, 113, 120–22, 125, 129–30
Will’s later relationship with, 156–57
Will’s success resented by, 140
Kellogg, John L., Jr., 154
Kellogg, John Preston, 110–11
Kellogg, Merritt, 112
Kellogg, Puss, 113, 120–21, 124, 143
Kellogg, Will (W.K.):
and Adventists’ struggle for control of Sanitarium, 163–65
Adventist upbringing of, 111, 124
as aggressive marketer, 139–40
in bran wars with John, 141–42, 144
as broom factory manager, 113
cereal experiments of, 128–29
competitiveness of, 153
controlling interest in corn flake company acquired by, 133
Granose factory built by, 129–30
inferiority complex of, 145–46, 155
introverted personality of, 111, 113, 123, 124, 155
John as infuriated by success of, 140
John L. Kellogg Jr., and, 154
John’s childhood domination of, 111–12
as John’s employee, 113, 120–22, 125, 129–30
John’s failure to acknowledge hard work of, 121–22
and John’s increasing eccentricity, 162–63
John’s later relationship with, 156–57
Kellogg trade name as exclusive property of, 142
and lack of family time, 122
in legal battles with John, 107–8, 141–43, 164
Lenn Kellogg and, 153–54
marriage of Puss and, 113
1901 resignation of, 130
old age and death of, 161–66
as philanthropist, 151–53
poor eyesight of, 111
publicity shunned by, 152
risk taking by, 145–46
Sanitarium rebuilt by, 130
signature of, as trade mark, 131–32, 141
as tireless worker, 145
as unable to enjoy himself, 154–55
Whites and, 113
Kellogg Food Company (Sanitas Nut Food Company), 140–41
Kellogg’s, see Toasted Corn Flake Company
Kellogg’s Sterilized Bran, 142
Kellogg’s Toasted Corn Flakes, 139–40
Kellogg v. Kellogg, 107–8
Kennedy, Edward “Ted,” 64, 386–88
Kennedy, Joe, Jr., 58, 62, 63, 68, 69, 116–17, 371, 385
Kennedy, Joe, Sr., 62, 64, 69, 116
Kennedy, John F., 62, 63, 68, 69, 86, 100, 116–17, 371, 385
Kennedy, Robert, 63–64, 385–86
Kerouac, Gerard, 376–77
Kerouac, Jack, 376–77
Kissinger, Henry, 59–60
Kissinger, Walter, 60
Know-Nothing party, 72
Koch, Helen, 41
Kowalski, Killer, 11
Krasna, Norman, 320
Landscape from Arles (van Gogh), 250
last-born children:
as extroverts, 64–65
and lack of parental attention, 65
and Muslim honor killings, 66
later-born children, as risk-takers and experimenters, 69–70
Lavater, Johann Kaspar, 78
learned helplessness, 219
Leaves of Grass (Whitman), 205
Lebeaux, Richard, 372–73
Lecky, Prescott, 68
Lehman, Emanuel (Mendel), 284, 299
Lehman, Henry (Heyum), 284, 299
Lehman Brothers, 284
Lemmon, Jack, 83
Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), 369
levirate marriage, 370
Levy, David, 109
Liberty on the Barricades (Delacroix), 216
Liebling, A. J., 320
Lilienthal, Otto, 286
Lincoln, Abraham:
J. W. Booth’s assassination of, 33, 36, 40, 47, 51, 74, 78, 79–80, 81, 225–26
J. W. Booth’s plot to kidnap, 26, 28, 73, 74, 78
Lincoln, Mary Todd, 355
Lincoln, Tad, 355
Lincoln, Willie, 355
Lindemann, Erich, 367
Liston, Sonny, 85
“living for two,” 369–70, 377–78, 385
lockjaw (tetanus), 352–54, 367, 372–73
Long Day’s Journey into Night (O’Neill), 159
Louis XVI, King of France, 298
Louisville Daily Journal, 48
Lowell, James Russell, 381, 383–84
Lowell, Robert, 262
Lukas, Christopher, 66
Lukas, J. Anthony, 66
Lykken, David, 31
MacArthur, Charles, 306
Malkovich, Danny, 138
Malkovich, John, 138
Mamoulian, Rouben, 309
Mann, Heinrich, 149–51, 157–59
Manning, Cooper, 66
Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, 298
Marlborough, Duchess of, 61
marriage, levirate, 370
Marrocco, Brendan, 193–94
Marrocco, Michael, 193–94
Marx, Bill, 322
Marx, Chico (Leonard):
as act manager, 296
adoration of women sought by, 303, 306
compulsive gambling of, 279, 281, 293, 294, 296–97, 303–5, 311, 323
death of, 323–24
early jobs of, 283
extroverted personality of, 279
in Four Marx Brothers act, 284, 287–91
gift for accents of, 280
heart condition of, 323
and love of reading, 280
marriage of Betty and, 290, 297, 311
as Minnie’s favorite, 278, 281, 303, 306
money problems of, 323
optimism of, 296
post-Marx Brothers career of, 311–12
womanizing by, 279, 290, 298, 303
Marx, Groucho (Julius):
as Algonquin Round Table outsider, 305–6
ambition of, 281
and Chico’s gambling, 297, 298, 304–5
childhood of, 280–82
death of, 326
early vaudeville acts of, 282–84
experimentation with lines and gags by, 294–95
in Four Marx Brothers act, 284, 287–91
last years of, 324–26
literary ambitions of, 306
and love of reading, 280
marriages of, 291, 297, 306–7, 314, 321, 326
merging of on-stage and off-stage personas in, 315–16, 325
Minnie’s doting on Chico resented by, 280–81, 296, 297
Minnie’s ignoring of, 280, 306
Palm Springs home of, 322, 325
pessimism of, 296
post-Marx Brothers career of, 313–14
self-loathing of, 314, 316, 324, 326
strong women as threatening to, 314
as You Bet Your Life host, 313, 324–25, 326
Marx, Gummo (Milton), 312
army service of, 290–91
childhood of, 281
death of, 325
in early vaudeville acts with Groucho and Harpo, 282–84
as family fixer, 321
in Four Marx Brothers act, 284, 287–90
as Marx Brothers’ agent, 320–21
Palm Springs home of, 312, 320, 321, 322
post-Marx Brothers career of, 320
Marx, Harpo (Adolph):
as Algonquin Round Table regular, 305
as attentive parent, 312
and Chico’s gambling, 304–5
death of, 324
in early vaudeville acts with Groucho and Gummo, 283–84
easygoing nature of, 279–80
final performance of, 324
in Four Marx Brothers act, 284, 287–91
improvisation by, 291
marriage of Susan and, 312, 321, 326
Palm Springs home of, 312, 322
post-Marx Brothers career of, 311–12
rehearsing by, 294
teenage jobs of, 280
womanizing by, 312
Marx, Karl, 369
Marx, Maxine, 298, 304, 314, 324
Marx, Minnie:
Chico as favorite son of, 278, 281
childhood of, 278
as disappointed in Groucho, 280
as “one of the boys,” 293
on sons’ personalities, 321
sons’ show business careers pushed by, 282–84
sons’ womanizing encouraged by, 289–90
Marx, Miriam, 314–15
Marx, Ruth, 291, 297, 306–7, 321
Marx, Zeppo (Herbert), 290, 297, 312, 325
childhood of, 281
death of, 326
in Four Marx Brothers act, 291
marriages of, 321–22
Marx Brothers quit by, 307–8
Palm Springs home of, 312, 321–22
stage fright of, 307
stage persona of, 275–76
as talent agent, 307, 308, 321
as womanizer, 322
Marx Brothers, 320
on Broadway, 291–92
as difficult to work with, 293–94
films of, 275–76, 290, 293, 295, 304, 308, 315, 321, 323
fraternal loyalty of, 297–98, 322–23
improvisation by, 288–89, 291–92
and live testing of movie scenes, 294–95
offstage mischief making by, 292–93
Shean’s improvements to act of, 287
as vaudeville act, 282–84, 287–91
womanizing by, 289–90
Maryland, Booth farm in, 32–33, 35, 71
Maugham, W. Somerset, 305
Maus (Spiegelman), 371
Mauve, Anton, 211
Mayo, Charlie, 285–86, 299–300
Mayo Clinic, 285
Melville, Gansevoort, 29
Melville, Herman, 29
Mencken, H. L., 306
Miami-Battle Creek Sanitarium, 162
micro-environment, sibling difference and, 31
Miranda, Carmen, 313
Modern Medicine Publishing, 121
Monet, Claude, 212, 218, 223, 248
Monkey Business (film), 293
Monsoon, Gorilla, 11
Montgolfier, Étienne, 298–99
Montgolfier, Joseph, 298–99
Moods (Alcott), 361
Moses (biblical char.), 298
Moses, Paul, 126–27
Moses, Robert, 126–27
Muir, John, 194
Murder in the Cathedral (Eliot), 315
Mussolini, Arnaldo, 44
Mussolini, Benito, 44
My Brother’s Keeper (S. Joyce), 246
“Natural History of Massachusetts” (Thoreau), 374
natural selection, 69
Neubauer, Peter, 109
New Hampshire, University of, 146
Newman, Paul, 94
Newsweek, 313
Newton, Huey, 29–30
Newton, Melvin, 29
Newton, Walter, 29
New York, N.Y.:
Confederate hotel-burning plot in, 27–28
draft riots in, 72–73
Nicholas, Fayard, 284–85
Nicholas, Harold, 284–85
Nicholas Brothers, 285
Night at the Opera, A (film), 308
Night View on the Rhône (van Gogh), 250
Nimoy, Leonard, 67
1984 (Orwell), 60
Nixon, Arthur, 370
Nixon, Harold, 370
Nixon, Richard, 370–71
Now, Voyager (film), 315
Olmsted, Frederick Law, 369–70
Olmsted, John, 369–70
Onassis, Jacqueline Kennedy, 388
On the Waterfront (film), 268
Orchids in Bloom (van Gogh), 250
Origin of Species, The (Darwin), 55
Orwell, George, 60
O’Sullivan, Maureen, 315
Other Side of Eden, The (N. Steinbeck), 147
Panama, Norman, 326
parental absence, fraternal duty as substitute for, 202–3
parental abuse, fraternal duty as protection from, 203–4
parental affection, as goal of sibling rivalry, 114–15
parental favoritism, 40–46
biblical examples of, 40, 42, 43
birth order and, 41–42
children’s perception of, 42, 44–45
as indirectly benefiting less-favored child, 45
long-term consequences of, 44
Mussolini brothers and, 44
and sense of entitlement, 44
split-parent identification and, 43–44
unplanned pregnancy and, 43
Waugh brothers and, 40–41, 43–44
Whitman brothers and, 40
Paris (mythical char.), 194
Paris Spleen (Baudelaire), 116
Parker, Dorothy, 305
Patrimony (Roth), 66–67
Patterson, Floyd, 85
peregrine falcons, sibling cooperation in, 133
Perelman, S. J., 293–94, 306, 314
personality traits, sibling difference and, 30–31
Peter Pan (Barrie), 375
Philadelphia Press, 48
pigs, sibling rivalry in, 134
Pissarro, Camille, 212, 223, 249, 250, 256
Pissarro, Lucien, 256
Plain Facts About Sexual Life (Kellogg), 124
Plath, Sylvia, 262
Players Club, 82
Pollock, George, 375
Porgy and Bess (musical), 309
Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, A (J. Joyce), 245
Post, C. W., 130–31, 132, 140, 142
Postum, 130
Potato Eaters, The (van Gogh), 217, 250
Pound, Ezra, 245
Power Broker, The (Caro), 127
Presley, Elvis, 369
Presley, Jesse, 369
Priestly, J. B., 292
Prodigal Son, 63
Proper Diet of Man, The (Kellogg), 124
Protestant Reformation, 70
psychosomatic illnesses:
of Theo van Gogh, 222
Pugh, Thomas, 126
Puma, 138
Pythagoras, 33
Quarry, Jerry, 136–37
Quarry, Mike, 136–37
Quindlen, Anna, 114
Race Betterment Foundation, 145
Ravel, Maurice, 262
Rebekah (biblical char.), 18, 40, 43
recombination, genetic, 31
Reese, Pokey, 403
Reflections of a Non-Political Man (T. Mann), 150
Remus (mythical char.), 147
Renoir, Pierre-Auguste, 212
replacement child, and death of sibling, 368–69, 371–72, 385
Rhodes, Richard, 203–4
Rhodes, Stanley, 203–4
Richard III (Shakespeare), 31, 38
Richardson, Robert, 374–85
Ricketson, Daniel, 382
Robespierre, Augustin, 29
Robespierre, Maximilien, 29
Rolling Stone, 179
Romney, Mitt, 232
Romulus (mythical char.), 147
Room Service (film), 321
Roosevelt, Elliott, 76–77
Roosevelt, Theodore, 76–77
Rossetti, William, 241
Roth, Lillian, 293
Roth, Philip, 66–67
Rothschild, Amschel, 300
Rothschild, Carl, 300
Rothschild, James, 300
Rothschild, Mayer Amschel, 284, 300, 309
“Row, Brothers, Row” (song), 382
Safer, Jeanne, 218
Saint-Exupéry, Antoine de, 61
St. Louis Daily Missouri Democrat, 48
Saint-Paul-de-Mausole, 247–49
Salon des Indépendents, 248
Sammartino, Bruno, 11
sand tiger sharks, siblicide in, 133
Sanitarium Food Company, 128
Sanitas Flakes, 132
Sanitas Food Company, 140
Sanitas Nut Food Company (Kellogg Food Company), 140–41
Savage God, The (Alvarez), 262
Scarr, Sandra, 30
Schiller, Friedrich, 159
Schwarz, Richard, 151
Scott, Walter, 38
Seaton, George, 295
second-born children:
Arthur Miller, 62
competitiveness of, 61
lack of pressure on, 61–62
Leonard Nimoy, 67
personalities of, 61–64
self-esteem, birth order and, 63
Seth (biblical char.), 368
Seurat, Georges, 223
Seventh-Day Adventists, 110–11, 112, 124
in struggle for control of Sanitarium, 163–65
Sewall, Ellen, Thoreau brothers’ dual courtship of, 362–65, 372, 377, 385
Sexton, Anne, 262
Shackleton, Ernest, 69
Shackleton, Frank, 69
Shakespeare statue, Central Park, 24, 27
Shaw, George Bernard, 305
Shaw, Robert Gould, 65
Shean, Al, 282
Sherman, Allan, 324
siblicide, 133
see also fratricide
sibling, death of, 352–93
Barrie brothers and, 355
Cash brothers and, 367–68
Clemens brothers and, 376
Dali brothers and, 368–69
disenfranchised grief and, 354–55
Fleck brothers and, 369
fraternal hierarchy changed by, 385–86
Henry and William James and, 355–56
Hitler brothers and, 371–72
and impossibility of competing with dead brother, 371, 377
Kennedy brothers and, 369, 371, 385–88
Kerouac brothers and, 376–77
Lincoln brothers and, 355
in literature, 375–77
“living for two” and, 369–70, 377–78, 385
Nixon brothers and, 370–71
Olmsted brothers and, 369–70
and parental withdrawal, 355
Presley brothers and, 369
replacement child and, 368–69, 371–72, 385
as spur to creativity, 375–78
survivor guilt and, 367–68, 372–73
and survivor’s identification with dead brother, 369–70, 372
Thoreau brothers and, 352–54, 356–66, 369, 372–75
Tilden brothers and, 369
Weir brothers and, 369
West brothers and, 370
Wordsworth brothers and, 376
Sibling Bond, The (Bank and Kahn), 355, 371–72
sibling deidentification, 67–71
biblical examples of, 69
of Booth brothers, 70
of Carter brothers, 69
Darwinian natural selection compared to, 69
of Emanuel brothers, 71
geographical separation in, 70–71
of Henry and William James, 70–71
of Hunt brothers, 70
parental reinforcement of, 69
of Shackleton brothers, 69
stereotyping and, 68–69
vocational choice in, 70
of Wideman brothers, 68
sibling differentiation, 24–82
age differences and, 31
of Arouet brothers, 29
birth order and, see birth order; firstborn children; second-born children
of Booth brothers, 24–28, 31–40, 46–54, 70, 71–74, 78–82
of Capone brothers, 30
of Carter brothers, 29
conscious and unconscious choice in, see sibling deidentification
environment and, 30
heredity and, 30–31
of Melville brothers, 29
micro-environment and, 31
of Newton brothers, 29–30
parental favoritism and, see parental favoritism
personality traits and, 30–31
of Robespierre brothers, 29
sibling rivalry, 107–66
as adaptive response to limited resources, 134
age differences and, 110
in animal kingdom, 133–34
of Bellow brothers, 138–39
biblical examples of, 110
of Bush brothers, 134–35
of Cheever brothers, 147–48
of Clement, Lucian, and Stephen Freud, 148
of Coleridge brothers, 115, 159
damage done by, 146–51
of Dassler brothers, 137–38
as diminished over time, 125–26
of Eisenhower brothers, 116
of Ellison brothers, 127
as expression of intimacy, 159–61
food in, 115–16
fraternal duty and, 242
fraternal loyalty and, 117
gender differences in, 110
of Guy brothers, 135–36
of Hardeen and Houdini, 137
of Henry and William James, 126, 159–60
of Joyce brothers, 115
of Kellogg brothers, 107–8, 110–13, 120–25, 128–33, 139–46, 151–57, 161–66
of Kennedy brothers, 116–17
Levy’s experiments on, 109
of Malkovich brothers, 138
of Mann brothers, 149–51, 157–59
of Manning brothers, 136
of Moses brothers, 126–27, 148
parental affection as goal of, 114–15, 126
and parent’s death, 126
positive lessons learned from, 134
of Pugh brothers, 126
of Quarry brothers, 136–37
reconciliation in, 157–59
of Romulus and Remus, 147
Sigmund Freud and, 108
of Spinks brothers, 136
in sports, 135–37
of Sutter brothers, 136
as symbolic fratricide, 148–51
violence in, 146–47
of Waugh brothers, 125
Silver, George, 225
Silver, Herbert, 225
Sinatra, Frank, 322
Sinclair, Upton, 144
Smith Brothers Cough Drops, 277–78
spadefoot tadpoles, siblicide in, 133
Spiegelman, Art, 371
Spinks, Leon, 136
Spinks, Michael, 136
split-parent identification, 43–44
sports, sibling rivalry in, 135–37
spotted hyenas, siblicide in, 133
Staples, Brent, 376
Steal This Book (Hoffman), 178
Steinbeck, John, 147
Steinbeck, Nancy, 147
stereotyping, sibling deidentification and, 68–69
Story of Mankind, The (film), 323
Sulloway, Frank, 69–70
Surbrug, J. W., 143
survivor guilt, and death of sibling, 367–68
Sutter, Brian, 136
Sutter, Darryl, 136
Taft, William Howard, 144
Tanguy, Julien “Père,” 223, 233, 250, 252
Taylor, Charlie, 318
Tersteeg, H. G., 211
tetanus (lockjaw), 352–54, 367
Thalberg, Irving, 308
Thomas, Dylan, 159
Thoreau, Helen, 383
Thoreau, Henry David:
as boarder at Emerson home, 353, 366, 373
Concord Academy closed by, 365
as Concord Academy teacher, 359–61
Concord River trip of John and, 363, 378–81
Ellen Sewall courted by John and, 362–65, 372, 377, 385
Emerson as mentor and father-figure to, 365, 383
Emerson’s strained relationship with, 383–85
in father’s pencil-making factory, 358, 381
at Harvard, 358
introverted personality of, 357–58, 377, 384
John idolized by, 358
John’s death and, 352–53, 366, 369, 372, 380, 382, 385, 392
John’s death as kindling new sense of purpose in, 375, 377–78
last days and death of, 391–93
love of nature shared by John and, 356–57, 374
nature writing by, 374–75
outdoor life pursued by, 388–91
poetry of, 274, 361–62, 364, 365
psychosomatic lockjaw symptoms of, 354, 369, 372–73
reliance on John of, 356
scientific nature study of, 389–991
students as respectful of, 360–61
as surrogate for Emerson’s dead brothers, 365–66, 374
as surveyor, 390
survivor guilt and, 372–73
as Transcendentalist, 364, 365
at Walden Pond, 356, 378–79, 384
and Waldo Emerson’s death, 373
Thoreau, John:
Concord Academy closed by, 365
as Concord Academy headmaster, 359–61
Concord River trip of Henry and, 363, 378–79
death of, 352–54, 356, 366, 369, 372, 375, 377, 380, 382, 385, 392
Ellen Sewall courted by Henry and, 362–65, 372, 377, 385
extroverted personality of, 357–58, 377
Henry’s idolization of, 358
Henry’s reliance on, 356
likeability of, 366
love of nature shared by Henry and, 356–57, 374
students’ fondness for, 260
Thoreau, John, Sr., 383
Thoreau, Sophia, 358, 382, 392, 393
Three Marx Brothers, 283–84
Three-Quarter-of-a-Century Clubs, 145
Tilden, Bill, 369
Time, 313–14
Timm, Uwe, 376
Toasted Corn Flake Company, 108, 140
Tolstoy, Leo, 376
“Tom Bowling” (song), 382
Tom Sawyer (Twain), 376
Toulouse-Lautrec, Henri de, 223, 250, 252
Transcendentalism, 364, 365, 374
Transcript (Boston), 48
Twain, Mark (Samuel Clemens), 376
Ulyanov, Alexander, 369
Ulyanov, Vladimir (V. I. Lenin), 369
Ulysses (J. Joyce), 243
Uncle Cent, see van Gogh, Vincent (Uncle Cent)
Unlocked Book, The (Clarke), 35
van Gogh, Anna, 194–95, 196, 200, 201, 214, 217, 221, 248, 251, 254
van Gogh, Jo Bonger, 237–41, 248, 249–51, 252, 254
van Gogh, Lies, 196, 200, 213, 217, 222
van Gogh, Theo:
acknowledged as co-creator by Vincent, 233–34, 245
in Borinage visit with Vincent, 205–7
as Boussod branch manager, 191, 217–18, 248, 251
breakdown and death of, 255–56
childhood of, 195–96
depressions of, 214
as dutiful son, 200–201
at Goupil art dealership, 197, 200, 206, 209, 212–13, 215
Impressionists championed by, 212, 217–18, 222, 223–24
marriage of Jo Bonger and, 237–41, 248, 249–51, 252, 254
as mediator between Vincent and parents, 201, 206–7
parental pressure on, 218
psychosomatic ailments of, 222
romantic life of, 222–23
shared characteristics of Vincent and, 213–15
in threats to leave Boussod, 251, 253
Vincent adored by, 196, 201, 217
Vincent as mentor to, 197–98
Vincent in artist-dealer conflict with, 216–17
Vincent’s artistic vocation supported by, 209–10, 217, 220–21
Vincent’s changed relationship with, after father’s death, 234
Vincent’s genius recognized by, 221, 224, 233
as Vincent’s only confidant, 211–12
Vincent’s sharing of Paris apartment with, 191–93, 218, 220–25
as Vincent’s sole source of support, 218–19, 247–49
and Vincent’s suicide, 253–54
Vincent’s total dependence on, 218–19
Vincent’s view of, as alter ego, 214–15
van Gogh, Theodorus, 194–95, 196, 214
Vincent’s relationship with, 195, 200, 201–2, 206–7, 215–16
van Gogh, Vincent (Theo’s son), 248, 249–50, 251
van Gogh, Vincent (Uncle Cent), 196, 198, 222, 235
van Gogh, Vincent Willem:
in artist-dealer conflict with Theo, 216–17
artistic vocation chosen by, 208–10
artists’ collective planned by, 234–37, 239
at Auvers, 250–52
in Borinage, 205–8
childhood of, 194–96
depressions of, 198, 247, 248–49
in ear-slicing incident, 238
in explosion of creativity after move to Arles, 232–33
Gauguin and, 235–39
at Goupil art dealership, 98, 196–97
Goupil’s firing of, 198
Impressionists and, 223–24
intensity and volatility of, 198–99, 221, 224, 237
in London, 198
mental breakdowns of, 238, 239, 240–41
as mentor to Theo, 197–98
parents’ relationship with, 195, 200, 201–2, 206–7, 215–16
psychotic episodes of, 247, 248
religious fervor of, 199–200, 206
in Saint-Rémy, 247–49
shared characteristics of Theo and, 213–15
suicide of, 253–54
Theo as only confidant of, 211–12
Theo as sole support for, 218–19, 247–49
Theo’s adoration of, 196, 201, 217
Theo’s changed relationship with, after father’s death, 234
Theo seen as alter ego by, 214–15
Theo’s marriage and, 239–40
Theo’s Paris apartment shared by, 191–93, 218, 220–25
Theo’s role as co-creator acknowledged by, 233–34, 245
Theo’s support for artistic vocation of, 209–10, 217, 220–21
as unable to hold a job, 199–200
vibrant colors used by, 223
van Gogh, Vincent Willem (stillborn child), 194–95
van Gogh, Willemina, 221, 224, 250, 255
van Loon, Hendrik, 323
vegetarianism, 33, 112, 118, 124, 144
Very, Jones, 363
Visions of Cody (Kerouac), 376
Visions of Gerard (Kerouac), 376–77
Voltaire (François-Marie Arouet), 29
Vos, Kee, 211
Walden (Thoreau), 393
Wallis, Henry, 263
Walt Disney Productions, 299
Warhol, Andy, 203
Warhola, John, 203
Washington, Booker T., 194, 204
Waste Land, The (Eliot), 315
Waugh, Alec (Evelyn’s brother), 40–41, 44, 45–46, 125
Waugh, Evelyn, 41, 43–44, 45, 125
Weaver, Harriet, 245
Week on the Concord and Merrimack Rivers, A (Thoreau), 378–81, 383
as critical and financial failure, 381
reissue of, 393
Weir, Chris, 369
Weir, David, 369
Weissmuller, Johnny, 144
Welch, Charles Edgar, 144
West, David, 370
West, Jerry, 370
Western Health Reform Institute, 112–13
see also Battle Creek Sanitarium
West Side Writing and Asthma Club, 306
Wharton, Edith, 356
Whatever Happened to Baby Jane? (film), 189
White, E. B., 59
White, Ellen, 112, 119, 122, 142
White, James, 112
White, Stanley “Bunny,” 59
Whitman, Eddy, 205
Whitman, George, 204–5
Whitman, Jeff, 204
Whitman, Jesse, 205
Wideman, John Edgar, 68
Wideman, Robby, 68
Wilde, Oscar, 205
Wilson, Edmund, 375
Wilson, Mookie, 347
Winchell, Walter, 312
Winter Garden theater, 25, 27, 73
Winters, Shelley, 83
W. K. Kellogg Foundation, 152
Wolfe, Thomas, 376
Wolff, Geoffrey, 59
Wolff, Tobias, 59
Woolf, Herbert, 226
Woolf, Leonard, 226
Woolf, Virginia, 226
Woollcott, Alexander, 295, 305, 312
Wordsworth, John, 376
Wordsworth, William, 376
World War I, 150, 158, 245, 290–91
Wound and the Bow, The (Wilson), 375
Wright, Ivonette, 318
Yeats, William Butler, 245
Yellow House (Arles), 234–36, 241
You Bet Your Life (TV show), 313, 324–25, 326
Younger, Cole, 311
Zeppo Marx Inc., 321
Zola, Émile, 150