On first blush, a bibliography often looks like a dry recounting of sources, some primary, others secondary. The list below does not do justice to the excitement that came with researching Sabotage, from finding the diaries of Leif Tronstad and Einar Skinnarland, to the top secret SOE files, to interviews with the families of the saboteurs, to the unpublished manuscripts of Colonel John Wilson, Rolf Sørlie, and the Skinnarland family during the war. Over the course of my research, I read through hundreds of books, some in English, some in Norwegian and German, many listed here. But the lion’s share of this story was constructed from reminiscences and interviews and memoirs of the key individuals as well as correspondence, action reports, diaries, and other archival papers written at the time these events unfolded.

Archives

United States

Howard Gotlieb Archival Research Center, Boston University (Boston, MA)

National Archives (College Park, MD)

Niels Bohr Library and Archives (College Park, MD)

Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Archives and Special Collections (Troy, NY)

Norway

Norges Hjemmefrontmuseum (Oslo)

Norges Teknisk-Naturvitenskapelige Universitet Arkiv (Trondheim)

Norsk Industriarbeidermuseum (Vemork)

Germany

Bundesarchiv (Berlin)

Bundesarchiv (Freiburg)

Deutsches Museum Archiv (Munich)

Britain

British Online Archives (London)

Imperial War Museum (London)

National Archives (Kew)

Personal Papers

Leif Tronstad (courtesy of Leif Tronstad Junior)

Knut Haugland (courtesy of Trond, Torfinn, and Torill Haugland)

Einar Skinnarland (courtesy of Marielle Skinnarland)

Jens-Anton Poulsson (courtesy of Mia and Unni Poulsson)

Knut Haukelid (courtesy of Bjørgulf, Kirvil, and Knut Haukelid)

David Irving (courtesy of British Online Archives)

Rolf Sørlie (courtesy of Finn Sørlie)

Bjørn Iversen

Interviews

Tronstad Family

Haugland Family

Haukelid Family

Poulsson Family

Skinnarland Family

Finn Sørlie

Ragnar Ulstein

Svein Vetle Trae

Lillian Gabrielson

Norwegian- and German-Language Books and Magazines

Andersen, Ketil, Flaggskip i Fremmed Eie: Hydro 1905–1945 (Pax Forlag, 2005)

Bagge, Erich, Kurt Diebner, and Kenneth Jay, Von der Uranspaltung bis Calder Hall (Rowohlt Hamburg, 1957)

Berg, John, Soldaten Som Ikke Ville Gi Seg: Lingekaren Arne Kjelstrup, 1940–45 (Metope, 1986)

Bergfald, Odd, Hellmuth Reinhard: Soldat eller Morder? (Chr. Schibsteds Forlag, 1967)

Bøhn, Per, IMI: Norsk Innsats i Kampen om Atomkraften (F. Bruns Bokhandels Forlag, 1946)

Brauteset, Steinar, Gestapo-offiseren Fehmer: Milorgs Farligste Fiende (J. W. Cappelens Forlag, 1986)

Brun, Jomar, Brennpunkt Vemork, 1940–45 (Universitetsforlaget, 1985)

Dahl, Helge, Rjukan, Bind II fra 1920 til 1980 (Utgitt av Tinn Kommune, 1983)

Drew, Ion, Helge Sognli, Marie Smith-Solbakken, and Hans-Jorgen Weihe, Tause Helter: Operasjon Freshman og Andre Falne (Hertervig Akademisk, 2011)

Fjeldbu, Sigmund, Et Lite Sted på Verdenskartet: Rjukan 1940–50 (Tiden Norsk Forlag, 1980)

Halvorsen, Odd, Den Norske Turistforening Årbok 1947 (Den Norske Turistforening, 1947)

Halvorsen, Odd, Den Norske Turistforening Årbok 1970 (Den Norske Turistforening, 1970)

Hedemann, Reidar, Gestapo i Norge: Mennene, Midlene og Metodene (Norsk Kunstforlag, 1946)

Hurum, Gerd Vold, En Kvinne ved Navn “Truls” (Wings, 2006)

Jensen, Erling, Kompani Linge: Første Bind (Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1949)

Karlsch, Rainer, Hitlers Bombe: Die geheime Geschichte der deutschen Kernwaffenversuche (Deutsche Verlags-Anstalt, 2005)

Kjelstadli, Sverre, Hjemmestyrkene (Bokstav & Bilde, 1959)

Larsen, Stein, Beatrice Sandberg, and Volker Dahm, eds., Meldungen aus Norwegen (R. Oldenbourg Verlag, 2008)

Lauritzen, Per, Claus Helberg: Veiviser i Krig og Fred (Den Norske Turistforening Boksenteret Forlag, 1999)

Løken, Roar, Militær Motstand i Milorgs D. 16 (Universitetet i Oslo, 1976)

Lunde, Kjell Harald, Sabotøren: Et Portrett av Mennesket og Krigshelten Fredrik Kayser (Alma Mater Forlag, 1997)

Myklebust, Gunnar, Tungtvannssabotøren: Joachim H. Rønneberg (Aschehoug, 2011)

Nagel, Günter, Atomversuche in Deutschland (Heinrich-Jung-Verlagsgesellschaft, 2002)

Njølstad, Olav, Professor Tronstads Krig (Aschehoug, 2012)

Nøkelby, Berit, “Uforskammet opptrden mot Terboven,” Aftenposten, February 25, 1983

Nøkleby, Berit, Gestapo: Tysk politi I Norge, 1940–45 (Aschehoug, 2003)

Nøkleby, Berit, Josef Terboven: Hitlers Mann i Norge (Gyldendal, 1992)

Olsen, Kr. Anker, Norsk Hydro: Gjennom 50 År (Norsk Hydro, 1955)

Ording, Arne, Johnson Gudrun, and Johan Garder, Våre Falne, 1939–1945, Annen Bok (Grondahl, 1950)

Payton, Gary, and Trond Lepperød, Rjukanbanen på Sporet av et Industrieventyr (Maana Forlag, Rjukan, 1995).

Piekalkiewicz, Janusz, Spione, Agenten, Soldaten: Geheime Kommandos im Zweiten Weltkrieg (Schweizer Volks-Buchgemeinde, 1969)

Rostøl, Jack, and Nils Helge Amdal, Tungtvannssabotør Kasper Idland: Fra Krig til Kamp (Commentum Forlag, 2011)

Sæter, Svein, Operatøren: Knut Hauglands Egen Beretning; Tungtvann, Gestapo, Kon-Tiki (Cappelen Damm, 2008)

Schaaf, Michael, Die Physikochemiker Paul Harteck (Historisches Institut der Universitat Stuttgart, 1999)

Schramm, Percy, Hitler als Militärischer Führer (Athenäum Verlag, 1965)

Skogen, Olav, Ensom Krig mot Gestapo (Aschehoug Pocket, 2009)

Tranøy, Joar, Oppvekst i Samhold og Konflikt (Maana Forlag, 2007)

Ueland, Asgeir, Tungtvannsaksjonen: Historien om den Største Krigsoperasjonen på Norsk Jord (Gyldendal, 2013)

Veum, Erik, Nådeløse Nordmenn Statspolitiet, 1941–45 (Kagge Forlag, 2012)

Werner-Hagen, Knut, “Operation Moonlight,” Truppendienst, March 2009

English-Language Books, Magazines, and Documentary Transcripts

Adamson, Hans Christian, and Per Klem, Blood on the Midnight Sun (Norton, 1964)

Baden-Powell, Dorothy, Operation Jupiter: SOE’s Secret War in Norway (Robert Hale, 1982)

Bailey, Roderick, Forgotten Voices of the Secret War (Ebury Press, 2008)

Bennett, John, Letters from England (San Antonio, 1945)

Berglyd, Jostein, Operation Freshman: The Hunt for Hitler’s Heavy Water (Leandoer & Ekholm Publishing, 2006)

Bernstein, Jeremy, and David Cassidy, Hitler’s Uranium Club (Springer Science & Media, 2013)

Beyerchen, Alan, Scientists under Hitler: Politics and the Physics Community in the Third Reich (Yale University Press, 1977)

Casimir, Hendrik, Haphazard Reality: Half a Century of Science (Harper & Row, 1984)

Cassidy, David, Uncertainty: The Life and Science of Werner Heisenberg (W. H. Freeman & Company, 1992)

Churchill, Winston, The Churchill War Papers: The Ever-Widening War, 1941 (Norton, 2001)

Churchill, Winston, The Hinge of Fate (Houghton Mifflin, 1950)

Churchill, Winston, Their Finest Hour (Mariner Books, 1978)

Clark, Ronald, The Birth of the Bomb (Phoenix House, 1961)

Clark, Ronald, Tizard (MIT Press, 1965)

Compton, Arthur, Atomic Quest (Oxford University Press, 1956)

Cookridge, E. H., Set Europe Ablaze: The Inside Story of SOE (Thomas Crowell, 1967)

Cooper, D. F., “Operation Freshman,” The Royal Engineers Journal, March 1946

Cruickshank, Charles, SOE in Scandinavia (Oxford University Press, 1986)

Dahl, Per, Heavy Water and the Wartime Race for Nuclear Energy (Institute of Physics Publishing, 1999)

Dalton, Hugh, The Fateful Years: Memoirs 1931–45 (Frederick Muller, 1957)

Dank, Milton, The Glider Gang (J. B. Lippincott Company, 1977)

Dipple, John, Two against Hitler: Stealing the Nazis’ Best-Kept Secrets (Praeger, 1992)

Dorril, Stephen, MI6: Inside the Covert World of Her Majesty’s Secret Intelligence Service (Free Press, 2002)

Drummond, John, But For These Men (Award Books, 1962)

Ermenc, Joseph, ed., Atomic Bomb Scientists: Memoirs, 1939–45 (Meckler, 1989)

Fen, Åke, Nazis in Norway (Penguin Books, 1942)

Fine, Lenore, and Jesse Remington, The Corps of Engineers: Construction in the United States (Office of the Chief of Military History, 1972)

Foot, M. R. D., SOE: An Outline History of the Special Operations Executive, 1940–46 (Pimlico, 1999)

Frank, Charles, Operation Epsilon (University of California Press, 1993)

Freeman, Roger A., The Mighty Eighth War Manual (Jane’s, 1985)

Gallagher, Thomas, Assault in Norway: Sabotaging the Nazi Nuclear Program (Lyons Press, 1975)

Gjelsvik, Tore, Norwegian Resistance, 1940–45 (C. Hurst and Company, 1979)

Goebbels, Josef, The Goebbels Diaries (Hamish Hamilton, London, 1948)

Goldsmith, Maurice, Frédéric Joliot-Curie (Lawrence and Wisehart, 1976)

Goudsmit, Samuel, Alsos (Springer Science & Business, 1996)

Gowing, Margaret, Britain and Atomic Energy, 1939–45 (Macmillan, 1982)

Grimnes, Ole, Joachim Rønneberg, and Bertrand Goldschmidt, “The Race for Norwegian Heavy Water, 1940–1945,” IFS Info, 1995

Groves, Leslie, Now It Can Be Told: The Story of the Manhattan Project (Da Capo Press, 1983)

Haarr, Geirr, The German Invasion of Norway: April 1940 (Naval Institute Press, 2009)

Hargreaves, Richard, Blitzkrieg Unleashed: The German Invasion of Poland (Stackpole Books, 2008)

Hauge, E. O., Salt-Water Thief (Duckworth & Company, 1958)

Haukelid, Knut, Skis against the Atom (North American Heritage Press, 1989)

Heisenberg, Werner, Physics and Beyond: Encounters and Conversations (Harper & Row, 1971)

Henniker, Mark, Image of War (Leo Cooper, 1987)

Henniker, Mark, Memoirs of a Junior Officer (Blackwood & Sons, 1951)

Hentschel, Klaus, ed., Physics and National Socialism: An Anthology of Primary Sources (Birkhäuser Verlag, 1996)

Herrington, Ian, “The Special Operations Executive in Norway 1940–45,” Dissertation, De Montfort University, 2004

Hewins, Ralph, Quisling: Prophet without Honor (W. H. Allen, 1965)

Hinsley, F. H., British Intelligence in the Second World War, Volume 2 (Cambridge University Press, 1981)

Hitler’s Sunken Secret, PBS Documentary Transcript, November 8, 2005

Humble, Richard, Hitler’s Generals (Arthur Baker Limited, 1973)

Ingstad, Helge, Land of Feast and Famine (McGill-Queen’s Press, 1992)

International Military Tribunal, Trial of Major War Criminals, Volume XXVII (IMT, 1947)

Irving, David, The German Atomic Bomb: The History of Nuclear Research in Nazi Germany (Perseus Books, 1983)

Jablonski, Edward, Double Strike: The Epic Raids on Regensburg-Schweinfurt (Doubleday, 1974)

Jeffery, Keith, The Secret History of MI6 (Penguin Press, 2010)

Johnson, Amanda, Norway: Her Invasion and Occupation (Bowen Press, 1948)

Jones, R. V., “Thicker than Heavy Water,” Chemistry and Industry, August 26, 1967

Jones, Reginald, Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–45 (Coward, McCann & Geoghegan, 1978)

Jungk, Robert, Brighter than a Thousand Suns (Harcourt Brace, 1958)

Knudsen, Harald, I Was Quisling’s Secretary (Britons Publishing, 1967)

Kramish, Arnold, The Griffin (Macmillan, 1986)

Kurzman, Dan, Blood and Water: Sabotaging Hitler’s Bomb (Henry Holt, 1996)

Langworth, Richard, ed., Churchill by Himself: The Definitive Collection of Quotations (Public Affairs, 2008)

Lee, Sabina, ed., Sir Rudolf Peierls: Selected Correspondence, Volume 1 (World Scientific, 2009)

Lynch, Tim, Silent Skies: Gliders at War 1939–1945 (Pen & Sword, 2008)

Macrakis, Kristie, Surviving the Swastika: Scientific Research in Nazi Germany (Oxford University Press, 1993)

Mann, Matthew, “British Policy and Strategy towards Norway, 1941–44,” Dissertation, University of London, 1998

Marks, Leo, Between Silk and Cyanide: A Codemaker’s War (Free Press, 1998)

Meacham, Jon, Franklin and Winston: A Portrait of Friendship (Random House, 2004)

Mears, Ray, The Real Heroes of Telemark (Coronet Books, 2003)

Moore, Ruth, Niels Bohr: The Man, His Science, and the World They Changed (Knopf, 1966)

Moran, Lord, Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival, 1940–66 (Constable, 1966)

Nichols, Kenneth, The Road to Trinity (William Morrow, 1987)

O’Connor, Bernard, Churchill’s School for Saboteurs: Station 17 (Amberley Publishing Limited, 2013)

Palmstrøm, Finn, and Rolf Torgersen, Preliminary Report on Germany’s Crimes against Norway (Royal Norwegian Government, 1945)

Parton, James, Air Force Spoken Here: General Ira Eaker (Adler & Adler, 1986)

Peierls, Rudolf, Bird of Passage: Recollections of a Physicist (Princeton University Press, 2014)

Perquin, Jean-Louise, The Clandestine Radio Operators (Histoire and Collections, 2011)

Persico, Joseph, Roosevelt’s Secret War: FDR and WWII Espionage (Random House, 2002)

Petrow, Richard, The Bitter Years: The Invasion and Occupation of Denmark and Norway, April 1940–May 1945 (William Morrow, 1974)

Poulsson, Jens-Anton, The Heavy Water Raid: The Race for the Atom Bomb 1942–44 (Orion, 2009)

Powers, Thomas, Heisenberg’s War: The Secret History of the German Bomb (Da Capo Press, 1993)

Rhodes, Richard, The Making of the Atomic Bomb (Simon & Schuster, 1996)

Rigden, Denis, How to Be a Spy: World War II SOE Training Manual (Dundurn Group, 2001)

Riste, Olav, and Berit Nøkleby, Norway 1940–45: The Resistance Movement (Johan Grundt Tanum Forlag, 1970)

Roane, Owen, A Year in the Life of Cowboy Roane with the Bloody 100th (Xulon Press, 1995)

Rose, Paul Lawrence, Heisenberg and the Nazi Atomic Bomb Project (University of California Press, 2002)

Sagasfos, Ole Johan, Progress of a Different Nature (Pax Forlag, 2006)

Sandys, Celia, Chasing Churchill (HarperCollins, 2004)

Seaman, Mark, ed., Special Operations Executive: A New Instrument of War (Routledge, 2006)

Shirer, William, Berlin Diary: The Journal of a Foreign Correspondent (Taylor & Francis, 2002)

Shirer, William, The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich (Simon & Schuster, 1990)

Smyth, H. D., Atomic Energy for Military Purposes (Maple Press, 1945)

Speer, Albert, Inside the Third Reich (Macmillan, 1981)

Stafford, David, Secret Agent: The True Story of the Covert War against Hitler (Overlook Press, 2001)

Suess, Hans, “Virus House: Comments and Reminiscences,” Bulletin of Atomic Scientists, June 1968, pp. 36–39

Walker, Mark, and Rainier Karlsch, “New Light on Hitler’s Bomb,” Physics World, June 1, 2005

Walker, Mark, German National Socialism and the Quest for Nuclear Power (Cambridge University Press, 1989)

Walker, Mark, Nazi Science: Myth, Truth, and the German Atomic Bomb (Plenum Press, 1995)

Warbey, William, Look to Norway (Secker & Warburg, 1945)

Wiggan, Richard, Operation Freshman: The Rjukan Heavy Water Raid, 1942 (William Kimber, 1986)

Wigner, Eugene Paul, The Collected Works, 8 vols., edited by Arthur Wightman and Jagdish Mehra (Springer Science and Media, 2001)

Williams, Robert, Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy (Harvard University Press, 1987)

Wilson, John Skinnar, Memoirs of a Varied Life (Imperial War Museum, John Skinnar Wilson Collection, unpublished)

Worm-Muller, Jacob, Norway Revolts against the Nazis (Lindsay Drummond, 1941)

Wright, Myrtle, Norwegian Diary: 1940–45 (Friends Peace and International Relations Committee, 1974)