1. Anumeha Yadav, “Ground Report: Delhi Police Actions Caused Death of Man in Infamous National Anthem Video,” HuffPost India, March 1, 2020, updated March 2, 2020, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/delhi-riots-police-national-anthem-video-faizan_in_5e5bb8e1c5b6010221126276.
1. Devanagari, known earlier as Nagari, which means “belonging to a city”—or, in the case of language, “spoken in a city”—was the script used primarily by Brahmins in the northern and western regions of the Indian subcontinent. It is the script in which Sanskrit, the language of the scriptures traditionally recited by Brahmin priests, is written. That is why it came to be known as Devanagari. Deva means “god” or “divine.”
2. Geeta Pandey, “An ‘English Goddess’ for India’s Down-Trodden,” BBC News, February 15, 2011, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-south-asia-12355740.
3. The English policy in my mother’s school has since been completely reversed. Now, only Malayalam is taught in junior classes.
4. See Arundhati Roy, “Why I Am Returning My Award,” Indian Express, November 5, 2015, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/why-i-am-returning-my-award/.
5. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (New York: Random House, 1997), 78.
6. Arundhati Roy, “The End of Imagination,” in My Seditious Heart: Collected Nonfiction (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019), 10, 11.
7. While NGOs and news reports suggest a toll of two thousand persons (see “A Decade of Shame” by Anupama Katakam, Frontline, March 9, 2012), then Union Minister of State for Home, Shriprakash Jaiswal (of the Congress Party), told Parliament on May 11, 2005, that 790 Muslims and 254 Hindus were killed in the riots; 2,548 were injured and 223 persons were missing. See “Gujarat Riot Death Toll Revealed,” BBC News, May 11, 2005, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/4536199.stm.
8. Arundhati Roy, The Ministry of Utmost Happiness (New York: Knopf, 2019), 7.
9. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 8.
10. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 11, 12.
11. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 18–19.
12. This assertion was made by Badri Narain Upadhyaya “Premghan” while speaking at the Hindi Sahitya Sammelan in 1912. Alok Rai, Hindi Nationalism (Hyderabad: Orient Longman, 2001), 53.
13. Rai, Hindi Nationalism, 52.
14. Rai, Hindi Nationalism, 57.
15. Atul Chandra, “Language Row in UP Assembly: Sanskrit Allowed, Urdu Not,” Catch News, March 30, 2017, http://www.catchnews.com/politics-news/language-row-in-up-assembly-sanskrit-allowed-urdu-not-56230.html.
16. “BSP Corporator Takes Oath in Urdu, Is Charged with ‘Intent to Hurt Religious Sentiments,’” The Hindu, December 14, 2017, http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/bsp-corporator-takes-oath-in-urdu-is-charged-with-intent-to-hurt-religious-sentiments/article21665609.ece.
17. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 47–48.
18. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 49–50.
19. Jawed Naqvi, “The Lost Precious Pearls of Gujarat,” National Herald, September 2, 2017, https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/opinion/the-lost-precious-pearls-of-gujarat.
20. See Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 175.
21. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 67.
22. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 101.
23. Pablo Neruda, “LXVI,” The Book of Questions, trans. William O’Daly (Port Townsend, WA: Copper Canyon Press, 1991), 66.
1. Chandan Haygunde, “Elgaar Parishad Probe: Those Held Part of Anti-Fascist Plot to Overthrow Govt, Pune Police Tells Court,” Indian Express, August 30, 2018, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/elgaar-parishad-probe-those-held-part-of-anti-fascist-plot-to-overthrow-govt-pune-police-tells-court-5331832/.
2. Lokniti-CSDS-ABP News Mood of the Nation Survey, Round 3, www.lokniti.org/otherstudies/lokniti-csds-abp-news-mood-of-the-nation-survey-round-3-18.
3. Michael Safi, “Demonetisation Drive That Cost India 1.5m Jobs Fails to Uncover ‘Black Money,’” The Guardian, August 30, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/aug/30/india-demonetisation-drive-fails-uncover-black-money.
4. Amit Agnihotri, “Reliance Defence Granted Offset Contract in Rafale Deal without Licence: Congress,” New Indian Express, July 27, 2018, https://www.newindianexpress.com/nation/2018/jul/27/reliance-defence-granted-offset-contract-in-rafale-deal-without-licence-congress-1849429.html.
5. “1992: Mob Rips Apart Mosque in Ayodha,” BBC “On This Day,” http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/december/6/newsid_3712000/3712777.stm.
6. Zeba Siddiqui, “India Leaves Four Million Off Assam Citizens’ List, Triggers Fear,” Reuters, July 31, 2018, https://in.reuters.com/article/nrc-assam-national-register-citizens/india-leaves-four-million-off-assam-citizens-list-triggers-fear-idINKBN1KL0CE.
1. Hilal Mir, “In Pulwama Bomber Adil Ahmad Dar’s Village, It’s Another Day, Another Death,” HuffPost India, February 18, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/pulwama-attack-just-another-detail-for-suicide-bomber-adil-dars-village_in_5c699d01e4b033a79943a0da.
2. “Pulwama Blast: At Least 40 CRPF Personnel Killed, Deadliest Attack in 20 Years,” HuffPost India, February 14, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/pulwama-attack-at-least-30-crpf-personnel-dead-pm-modi-calls-attack-despicable_in_5c656f42e4b0bcddd40f3026.
3. “400 People Killed in Kashmir So Far in 2018, Highest in Almost 10 Years,” Reuters, December 23, 2018, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/11/23/400-people-killed-in-kashmir-so-far-in-2018-highest-in-almost-10-years_a_23597844/.
4. Aijaz Hussain, “In Life and Death, Fight against India Joins Kashmir Teens,” Associated Press, January 16, 2019, https://apnews.com/06975c4b8a25470898cd9c1b6b7050d1.
5. Ankur Pathak, “‘Abhinandan,’ ‘Balakot,’ ‘Pulwama’: Bollywood Producers Fight to Register ‘Patriotic’ Movie Titles,” HuffPost India, February 28, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/abhinandan-balakot-pulwama-bollywood-producers-fight-to-register-patriotic-movie-titles_in_5c778498e4b0952f89de441b.
6. “PM Narendra Modi Can Trace 3 Kg Beef but Not ‘350 kg’ RDX, Says Congress’s Haroon Yusuf,” Indian Express, February 22, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/three-kg-beef-can-be-traced-but-not-350-kg-rdx-haroon-yusuf-asks-5595856/.
7. Ritu Sarin, “Pulwama Attack: Intelligence Failure . . . We Are at Fault Also, Admits Governor,” Indian Express, February 15, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/kashmir-pulwama-crpf-attacks-intelligence-failure-governor-satya-pal-malik-5584865/.
8. “Days Ahead of Pulwama Blast, Intelligence Warned of Possible IED Attacks: Report,” Outlook, February 15, 2019, https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-days-ahead-of-pulwama-blast-intelligence-warned-of-possible-suicide-attacks-report/325491.
9. See Arundhati Roy, “#Me Too Urban Naxal,” HuffPost India, August 30, 2018, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/2018/08/30/arundhati-roy-says-me-too-urban-naxal_a_23512718/.
10. Shubhajit Roy, “India Strikes Terror, Deep in Pakistan: Next Step, Diplomatic Outreach,” Indian Express, February 27, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/iaf-air-strike-pakistan-india-balakot-jaish-e-mohammad-mirage-5602259/.
11. “Villagers Near Balakot Say Indian Warplanes Missed Jaish-Run Madrasa by a Kilometre,” Reuters, February 26, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/villagers-balakot-india-warplanes-missed-jaish-run-madrasa-by-a-kilometre_in_5c752946e4b0bf1662033467.
12. Muneeza Naqvi, “India Says It Has Struck Militants across Kashmir Frontier,” Associated Press, September 29, 2016, https://apnews.com/6355e09f1f364ca7b94d535df29c99a7.
13. Maria Abi-Habib and Austin Ramzy, “Indian Jets Strike in Pakistan in Revenge for Kashmir Attack,” New York Times, February 25, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/25/world/asia/india-pakistan-kashmir-jets.html.
14. “Pakistani Jets Violate Indian Air Space, Drop Bombs on Way Out,” HuffPost India, February 27, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/pakistani-jets-violate-indian-air-space-drop-bombs-on-way-out_in_5c7625ebe4b0031d956348eb; “India Shot Down One Pakistani Aircraft, One Indian Pilot Missing: MEA,” HuffPost India, February 27, 2019, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/india-shot-down-one-pakistani-aircraft-one-indian-pilot-missing-mea_in_5c765df4e4b08c4f55559ce4; Maria Abi-Habib and Hari Kumar, “Pakistani Military Says It Downed Two Indian Warplanes, Capturing Pilot,” New York Times, February 27, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/02/27/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan-aircraft.html.
1. Arundhati Roy, “The Doctor and the Saint,” in My Seditious Heart: Collected Nonfiction (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2019), 676, note 20.
1. Haseeb A. Drabu, “Modi’s Majoritarian March to Kashmir,” New York Times, August 8, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/08/opinion/modis-majoritarian-march-to-kashmir.html.
2. Sameer Yasir, Suhasini Raj, and Jeffrey Gettleman, “Inside Kashmir, Cut Off from the World: ‘A Living Hell’ of Anger and Fear,” New York Times, August 10, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/10/world/asia/kashmir-india-pakistan.html.
3. See Vindu Goel, “What Is Article 370, and Why Does It Matter in Kashmir?,” New York Times, August 5, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2019/world/asia/india-pakistan-crisis.html. See also A. G. Noorani, “Murder of Insaniyat, and of India’s Solemn Commitment to Kashmir,” The Wire, August 13, 2019, https://thewire.in/law/murder-of-insaniyat-and-of-indias-solemn-commitment-to-kashmir.
4. Drabu, “Modi’s Majoritarian March to Kashmir.”
5. See Sunil S. Amrith, “The Race to Dam the Himalayas,” New York Times, December 1, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/12/01/opinion/himalayas-mountains-dams.html.
6. See “Kashmir Special Status Explained: What Are Articles 370 and 35A?,” Al Jazeera, August 5, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/kashmir-special-status-explained-articles-370-35a-190805054643431.html. See also Venkatesh Nayak, “The Backstory of Article 370: A True Copy of J&K’s Instrument of Accession,” The Wire, October 26, 2016, https://thewire.in/history/public-first-time-jammu-kashmirs-instrument-accession-india.
7. “Haryana Chief Minister’s Bizarre ‘Joke’ on Kashmiri Daughters-In-Law,” NDTV, August 10, 2019, https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/haryana-chief-minister-manohar-lal-khattars-bizarre-joke-on-kashmiri-daughters-in-law-2083255.
8. See Mike Thomson, “Hyderabad 1948: India’s Hidden Massacre,” BBC News, September 24, 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-24159594.
9. See Khalid Bashir Ahmad, “Circa 1947: A Long Story,” Kashmir Life, November 5, 2014, https://kashmirlife.net/circa-1947-a-long-story-67652/.
10. See United Nations Security Council, Resolution 47 [S/726], April 21, 1948, pp. 3–8, https://undocs.org/S/RES/47(1948).
11. See Pankaj Mishra, “Death in Kashmir,” New York Review of Books, September 21, 2000, https://www.nybooks.com/articles/2000/09/21/death-in-kashmir/.
12. Muzamil Jaleel, “Why Kashmiris Want a Fair Probe into the Killings of Pandits, Prosecution of Guilty,” August 8, 2017, https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/why-kashmiris-want-a-fair-probe-into-the-killings-of-pandits-prosecution-of-guilty-4786855/.
13. See Azad Essa’s interview with Mridu Rai, “Kashmir: The Pandit Question,” Al Jazeera, August 1, 2011, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/kashmirtheforgottenconflict/2011/07/2011724204546645823.html.
14. See Azad Essa, “Kashmiri Pandits: Why We Never Fled Kashmir,” Al Jazeera, August 2, 2011, https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/spotlight/kashmirtheforgottenconflict/2011/07/201176134818984961.html,
15. Association of Parents of Disappeared Persons and Jammu Kashmir Coalition of Civil Society, Torture: Indian State’s Instrument of Control in Indian Administered Jammu and Kashmir, February 2019, http://jkccs.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/TORTURE-Indian-State%E2%80%99s-Instrument-of-Control-in-Indian-administered-Jammu-and-Kashmir.pdf. See also Judith Matloff, “Kashmiri Mothers Hunt for Lost Sons,” Christian Science Monitor, February 1, 2008, https://www.csmonitor.com/World/Asia-South-Central/2008/0201/p07s03-wosc.html.
16. Ellen Barry, “An Epidemic of ‘Dead Eyes’ in Kashmir as India Uses Pellet Guns on Protesters,” New York Times, August 28, 2016, https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/29/world/asia/pellet-guns-used-in-kashmir-protests-cause-dead-eyes-epidemic.html.
17. See chapter 3, “Our Captured, Wounded Hearts,” above. See also Basharat Peer, “The Young Suicide Bomber Who Brought India and Pakistan to the Brink of War,” New York Times, March 2, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/02/opinion/sunday/kashmir-india-pakistan.html.
18. ANI, “Before Abolishing Article 370, Indian Army Identified Possible Trouble Spots in Kashmir,” Economic Times, August 8, 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/before-abolishing-article-370-indian-army-identified-possible-trouble-spots-in-kashmir/articleshow/70583869.cms.
19. See Alasdair Pal, “India Boosts Hindu Pilgrimage to Holy Cave in Conflict-Torn Kashmir,” Reuters, July 28, 2019, https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-india-kashmir-pilgrimage/india-boosts-hindu-pilgrimage-to-holy-cave-in-conflict-torn-kashmir-idUKKCN1UN04Q.
20. Vishnu Som, “Pak[istan] Army Landmine, Sniper Rifle Found in Amarnath Yatra Route: Army,” NDTV, August 2, 2019, https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/army-says-confirmed-intel-of-terrorists-backed-by-pakistan-army-trying-to-disrupt-amarnath-yatra-2079339.
21. “Leave Kashmir ASAP: J&K Govt Issues Advisory for Amarnath Yatra Pilgrims and Tourists,” India Today, August 2, 2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/leave-kashmir-j-k-administration-issues-security-advisory-for-amarnath-pilgrims-1576494-2019-08-02.
22. Shaswati Das, “Mehbooba Mufti, Omar Abdullah Arrested after Scrapping of Article 370,” Mint, August 5, 2019, https://www.livemint.com/politics/news/mehbooba-mufti-omar-abdullah-arrested-after-scrapping-of-article-370-1565015217174.html.
23. Muzaffar Raina, “Disarmed Fall Guys of Article 370,” The Telegraph, August 10, 2019, https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/disarmed-fall-guys-of-article-370/cid/1696748.
24. Promit Mukherjee, “India’s Modi Trumpets Kashmir, Muslim Marriage Moves in Independence Day Speech,” Reuters, August 15, 2019, https://uk.reuters.com/article/uk-india-independenceday-modi/indias-modi-trumpets-kashmir-muslim-marriage-moves-in-independence-day-speech-idUKKCN1V50K4.
25. Indrajit Kundu, “Kashmir Effect: Rebel Groups Ban Independence Day Celebrations in Northeast,” India Today, August 14, 2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/kashmir-effect-rebel-groups-ban-independence-day-celebrations-in-northeast-1580947-2019-08-14.
26. See Charlie Phillips, “The Hour of Lynching: The Killing of Muslim Cow Farmers in India,” The Guardian, May 24, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/news/2019/may/24/the-hour-of-lynching-the-killing-of-muslim-cow-farmers-in-india.
27. See Pankaj Mishra, “The Other Face of Fanaticism,” New York Times Magazine, February 2, 2003, https://www.nytimes.com/2003/02/02/magazine/the-other-face-of-fanaticism.html. See also Dhirendra K. Jha, “How the RSS Became Involved in Running the Bhonsala Military School,” Caravan, April 26, 2017, https://caravanmagazine.in/vantage/the-rss-bhonsala-military-school-dhirendra-k-jha.
28. See Rollo Romig, “Railing Against India’s Right-Wing Nationalism Was a Calling. It Was Also a Death Sentence,” New York Times Magazine, March 14, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/03/14/magazine/gauri-lankesh-murder-journalist.html.
29. Ram Madhav, “This Election Result Is a Positive Mandate in Favour of Narendra Modi,” Indian Express, May 24, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/opinion/columns/lok-sabha-elections-result-narendra-modi-bjp-government-congress-5745313/.
30. “Rajya Sabha: UAPA Bill Passed despite Opposition Fears,” The Hindu, August 2, 2019, https://www.thehindubusinessline.com/news/uapa-amendment-bill-gets-rajya-sabha-approval/article28796520.ece.
31. Siddharth Varadarajan, “Allowing the State to Designate Someone as a ‘Terrorist’ without Trial Is Dangerous,” The Wire, August 2, 2019, https://thewire.in/rights/uapa-bjp-terrorist-amit-shah-nia.
32. See Geeta Pandey, “Jai Shri Ram: The Hindu Chant That Became a Murder Cry,” BBC News, July 10, 2019, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-48882053.
33. See Abhishek Angad, “Tabrez Ansari 18th Mob Violence Victim in Jharkhand in Three Years,” Indian Express, July 1, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/tabrez-ansari-18th-mob-violence-victim-in-jharkhand-in-three-years-5808122/.
1. Ephrat Livni, “Nearly 2 Million People in India Have Just Been Rendered Stateless by a Bureaucratic Act,” Quartz India, August 31, 2019, https://qz.com/1699761/indias-national-register-of-citizens-makes-nearly-2-million-stateless/.
2. Annalisa Merelli, “The BJP’s Threat to Restrict Indian Citizenship Unmasks the Ugliest Side of Nationalism,” Quartz India, April 11, 2019, https://qz.com/india/1591557/bjp-threat-to-restrict-indian-citizenship-targets-muslims/.
3. Rebecca Ratcliffe, “India Set to Withdraw Kashmir’s Special Status and Split It in Two,” The Guardian, August 5, 2019, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2019/aug/05/india-revoke-disputed-kashmir-special-status.
4. See Masha Gessen, “‘The Right to Have Rights’ and the Plight of the Stateless,” New Yorker, May 3, 2018, https://www.newyorker.com/news/our-columnists/the-right-to-have-rights-and-the-plight-of-the-stateless.
5. Narendra Modi, “Full Text of Modi’s First Speech after Historic Election Victory,” Business Insider, May 26, 2019, https://www.businessinsider.in/full-text-of-modi-speech-lok-sabha-election-2019/articleshow/69467611.cms.
6. Krishna N. Das, “Hindu Group behind Modi’s Rise in India Opens Up as Elections Near,” Reuters, September 18, 2018, https://www.reuters.com/article/us-india-election-rss/hindu-group-behind-modis-rise-in-india-opens-up-as-elections-near-idUSKCN1LY1GI.
7. Avinash Dutt Garg, “Muzaffarnagar: Tales of Death and Despair in India’s Riot-Hit Town,” BBC News, September 25, 2013, https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-india-24172537.
8. Sruthi Gottipati and Annie Banerji, “Modi’s ‘Puppy’ Remark Triggers New Controversy over 2002 Riots,” Reuters, July 12, 2013, https://in.reuters.com/article/narendra-modi-puppy-reuters-interview/modis-puppy-remark-triggers-new-controversy-over-2002-riots-idINDEE96B08S20130712.
9. Sai Manish, “86% of Currency by Value in India Are of Rs 500 & Rs 1,000 Denominations,” Business Standard, November 9, 2016, https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/86-of-currency-by-value-in-india-are-of-rs-500-rs-1-000-denominations-116110801416_1.html.
10. Asit Ranjan Mishra, “Arvind Subramanian Speaks Up, Says Demonetisation Was a Draconian Move,” Mint, November 30, 2018, https://www.livemint.com/Politics/Zwagzf4FCtXQsAdy0JLWpK/Arvind-Subramanian-speaks-up-says-demonetisation-was-a-drac.html.
11. Anand Patel, “Cat Finally Out of the Bag: Unemployment at 45-Year High, Government Defends Data,” India Today, May 31, 2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/business/story/india-unemployment-rate-6-1-per-cent-45-year-high-nsso-report-1539580-2019-05-31.
12. Concern Worldwide and Welthungerhilfe, 2019 Global Hunger Index by Severity, https://www.globalhungerindex.org/results.html.
13. Archis Mohan, “BJP Richest Political Party with Rs. 10.03 Billion Income in FY17: ADR,” Business Standard, April 11, 2018, https://www.business-standard.com/article/politics/bjp-richest-political-party-with-rs-10-03-billion-income-in-fy17-adr-118041001008_1.html.
14. Sanjay Singh, “Mohan Bhagwat Meets Diplomats: Signs of ‘Secretive’ Sangh Shedding Reticence,” Firstpost, September 13, 2017, https://www.firstpost.com/politics/mohan-bhagwat-meets-diplomats-signs-of-secretive-sangh-shedding-reticence-4039533.html.
15. Sidharth Bhatia, “The Cruel Irony of the German Ambassador’s Visit to the RSS Headquarters,” The Wire, July 20, 2019, https://thewire.in/world/german-ambassador-walter-lindner-rss-headquarters.
16. Maria Abi-Habib and Sameer Yasir, “Court Backs Hindus on Ayodhya, Handing Modi Victory in His Bid to Remake India,” New York Times, November 8, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/08/world/asia/ayodhya-supreme-court-india.html.
17. Alison Saldanha and Chaitanya Mallapur, “Crime Rate against Dalits Increased by 25% from 2006 to 2016; Cases Pending Investigation Up by 99%,” Firstpost, April 9, 2018, https://www.firstpost.com/india/crime-rate-against-dalits-increased-by-25-from-2006-to-2016-cases-pending-investigation-up-by-99-4419369.html.
18. Bilal Kuchay, “Dalit Children Beaten to Death in India for Defecating in Public,” Al Jazeera, September 26, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/09/dalit-children-beaten-death-india-defecating-public-190926110658711.html. See also Annalisa Merelli, “The Problem with the Gates Foundation’s Award to Narendra Modi,” Quartz India, September 27, 2019, https://qz.com/1714568/why-is-the-gates-foundations-award-to-narendra-modi-controversial/.
19. Samah Hadid, “A Gulf Red Carpet for Modi and Silence for Kashmir,” Asia Times, August 22, 2019, https://www.asiatimes.com/2019/08/opinion/a-gulf-red-carpet-for-modi-and-silence-for-kashmir/.
20. “Kashmir under Lockdown: All the Latest Updates,” Al Jazeera, October 27, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/india-revokes-kashmir-special-status-latest-updates-190806134011673.html.
21. Satyajeet Kumar, “Tabrez Ansari Lynching: New Medical Report Suggests Cardiac Arrest Was Due to Skull Fracture, Other Injuries,” India Today, September 13, 2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tabrez-ansari-lynching-medical-report-cardiac-arrest-skull-fracture-jharkhand-police-1598668-2019-09-13.
22. Rupinder Kaur et al., “Hunted: India’s Lynch Files,” The Quint Lab. Special interactive report available online at https://www.thequint.com/quintlab/lynching-in-india/.
23. Michael D. Shear, “At Rally for India’s Modi, Trump Plays Second Fiddle but a Familiar Tune,” New York Times, September 22, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/22/us/politics/trump-modi-houston-rally.html.
24. A Night at the Garden, directed by Marshall Curry (Field of Vision, 2019), https://anightatthegarden.com/
25. Kai Schultz, “India’s Soundtrack of Hate, with a Pop Sheen,” New York Times, November 10, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/11/10/world/asia/india-hindutva-pop-narendra-modi.html. See also Sheikh Saaliq, “India’s ‘Patriotism Pop’ Songs Urge Hindus to Claim Kashmir,” Associated Press, August 22, 2019, https://apnews.com/3df3740cf2204553b66c8b5a0a3d08f5.
26. Scroll staff, “Jammu and Kashmir: 125 Projects Cleared on Forest Land since August, Only 97 Approved Last Year,” Scroll, October 21, 2019, https://scroll.in/latest/941222/jammu-and-kashmir-125-projects-cleared-on-forest-land-since-august-only-97-approved-last-year.
27. Furquan Ameen, “Normalcy in Kashmir? Government Ad Says It All,” The Telegraph, October 12, 2019, https://www.telegraphindia.com/india/normalcy-in-kashmir-government-ad-says-it-all/cid/1711019.
28. Suhasini Raj and Jeffrey Gettleman, “Abused by Soldiers and Militants, Kashmiris Face Dangers in Daily Life,” New York Times, September 15, 2019, https://www.nytimes.com/2019/09/15/world/asia/kashmir-india-militants.html. Aijaz Hussain, “Kashmiris Allege Night Terror by Indian Troops in Crackdown,” Associated Press, September 14, 2019, https://apnews.com/52b06a124a5a4469984793d3c208733d.
29. Mudasir Ahmad, “Fearing Arrest, Youth in Srinagar Avoid Hospitals, Treat Pellet Injuries Themselves,” The Wire, September 2, 2019, https://thewire.in/rights/fearing-arrest-youth-in-srinagar-avoid-hospitals-treat-pellet-injuries-themselves.
30. Niha Masih and Joanna Slater, “Among the 3,000 Detained by Indian Authorities in Kashmir: Children,” Washington Post, August 29, 2019, https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/asia_pacific/among-the-3000-detained-by-indian-authorities-in-kashmir-children/2019/08/29/1616b5c0-c91c-11e9-9615-8f1a32962e04_story.html.
31. Ananthakrishnan G, “Restrictions Only in the Mind, Not in J&K: Amit Shah,” Indian Express, September 30, 2019, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/restrictions-only-in-the-mind-not-in-jk-amit-shah-6039579/; India Today Web Desk, “Phone Lines Are Not Important for Kashmiris, Their Lives Are Important: Satya Pal Malik,” India Today, October 14, 2019, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/phones-not-important-for-kashmiris-j-k-governor-satya-pal-malik-1609175-2019-10-14; Press Trust of India, “People Moving Around Freely in J&K: General Rawat,” Economic Times, September 25, 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/defence/people-moving-around-freely-in-jk-general-rawat/articleshow/71294201.cms?from=mdr.
32. Public Service Broadcasting Trust India, What the Fields Remember, directed by Subasri Krishna, YouTube, uploaded March 13, 2016, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=599LmFwHJwU.
33. Abdul Kalam Azad, “The Struggle of ‘Doubtful Voters’ Has Intensified in BJP’s Assam,” The Wire, July 12, 2017, https://thewire.in/law/assam-doubtful-voters-sonowal.
34. Outlook Web Bureau, “1,000 ‘Foreigners’ Lodged in 6 Detention Centres in Assam, 28 Died in 3 Years: Home Ministry,” Outlook, November 27, 2019, https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/india-news-1000-foreigners-lodged-in-6-detention-centres-in-assam-28-died-in-3-years-home-ministry/343142.
35. TNN, “SC Strikes Down IMDT Act as Unconstitutional,” The Economic Times, July 13, 2005, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/sc-strikes-down-imdt-act-as-unconstitutional/articleshow/1168803.cms?from=mdr.
36. Dhananjay Mahapatra, “Don’t Drag Your Feet Over Illegal Migrants, SC [Supreme Court] Tells Assam,” Times of India, April 1, 2015, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/Dont-drag-your-feet-over-illegal-migrants-SC-tells-Assam/articleshow/46766776.cms.
37. Ipsita Chakravarty, “In Assam, the Congress [Party] Spars with BJP over Its Chief Ministerial Candidate’s Past,” Scroll, March 29, 2016, https://scroll.in/article/805772/in-assam-the-congress-spars-with-bjp-spar-over-its-chief-ministerial-candidates-past.
38. “Original Petitioner Assam Public Works Unhappy with ‘Flawed’ NRC, Questions Software Used,” News18, August 31, 2019, https://www.news18.com/news/india/original-petitioner-assam-public-works-unhappy-with-flawed-nrc-questions-software-used-2291933.html.
39. Assam Sanmilita Mahasangha & Ors. v. Union of India & Ors., Supreme Court of India, December 17, 2014, http://www.nrcassam.nic.in/pdf/17%20Dec%202014%20Record%20Of%20Proceedings_SUPREME%20COURT.pdf.
40. “India Excludes Nearly 2 Million People from Assam Citizen List,” Al Jazeera, August 31, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/08/nrc-list-19-million-excluded-india-citizens-list-190831044040215.html.
41. Press Trust of India, “1,000 Foreigners Tribunals to Be Established in Phases, Assam Govt to Set Up 200 Additional FTs by Sep 1,” News18, July 12, 2019, https://www.news18.com/news/india/1000-foreigners-tribunals-to-be-established-in-phases-assam-govt-to-set-up-200-additional-fts-by-sep-1-2228343.html.
42. Syeda Ambia Zahan, “Assam NRC: 6 Kill Self in 13 Days as State Prepares Final List; Lack of Recourse Pushes Residents to Edge, Say Activists,” Firstpost, July 12, 2019, https://www.firstpost.com/india/assam-nrc-6-kill-self-in-13-days-as-state-prepares-final-list-lack-of-recourse-pushes-residents-to-edge-say-activists-6984691.html.
43. See Newsclick Team, “I Am ‘Miya’—Reclaiming Identity Through Protest Poetry,” Newsclick, July 1, 2019, https://www.newsclick.in/I-am-miya-reclaiming-identity-protest-poetry-karwan-e-mohabbat.
44. Helen Regan, Swati Gupta, and Omar Khan, “India Passes Controversial Citizenship Bill That Excludes Muslims,” CNN, December 17, 2019, https://www.cnn.com/2019/12/11/asia/india-citizenship-amendment-bill-intl-hnk/index.html.
45. Rahul Tripathi, “National Population Register to Include Aadhaar Details,” Economic Times, August 5, 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/national-population-register-to-include-aadhaar-details/articleshow/70528850.cms.
46. M. S. Golwalkar, We or Our Nationhood Defined (Nagpur: Baharat Publications, 1939), Hinduism E Books edition, 51–52, 99, 100, 104–05.
47. Golwalkar, We or Our Nationhood Defined, 87–88.
1. See chapter 6.
2. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 184, 185.
3. Kritika Sharma Sebastian, “We Want Freedom in India, Not from India: Kanhaiya,” The Hindu, March 5, 2016, https://www.thehindu.com/news/national/other-states/we-want-freedom-in-india-not-from-india-kanhaiya/article8315890.ece.
4. “Yogi’s Revenge: UP Govt Sets up Panel to Seize Property of CAA Protesters,” Clarion India, December 24, 2019, https://clarionindia.net/yogis-revenge-up-govt-sets-up-panel-to-seize-property-of-caa-protesters/.
5. Liz Mathew and Abhinav Rajput, “Minister Anurag Thakur Chants Desh Ke Gaddaron Ko, Poll Rally Crowd Completes Goli Maaro . . .,” Indian Express, January 28, 2020, https://indianexpress.com/article/india/anurag-thakur-slogan-rithala-rally-6238566/.
6. “Hours after Man Shot at Jamia Students, Amit Shah Asks Delhi Voters, ‘With Modi or Shaheen Bagh?’” Scroll India, January 31, 2020, https://amp.scroll.in/latest/951665/hours-after-man-shot-at-jamia-students-amit-shah-asks-delhi-voters-with-modi-or-shaheen-bagh.
7. Agence France-Presse, “India Can Now Defeat Pakistan ‘In 7–10 Days,’ Says Narendra Modi,” Live Mint, January 29, 2020, https://www.livemint.com/news/india/india-can-now-defeat-pakistan-in-7-10-days-says-narendra-modi-11580304232357.html.
8. Kai Schultz, “Indian Children’s Book Lists Hitler as Leader ‘Who Will Inspire You,’” New York Times, March 17, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/03/17/world/asia/india-hitler-childrens-book.html.
9. Arundhati Roy, The Doctor and The Saint: Caste, Race, and Annihilation of Caste, the Debate Between B. R. Ambedkar and M. K. Gandhi (Chicago: Haymarket Books, 2018).
10. Dhirendra K. Jha, “The Apostle of Hate,” Caravan, January 1, 2020, https://caravanmagazine.in/reportage/historical-record-expose-lie-godse-left-rss.
11. M. K. Gandhi, The Collected Works of Mahatma Gandhi (Electronic Book) (New Delhi: Government of India, Publications Division, 1999), vol. 1, 192–93.
12. “‘Go to Pakistan,’ Says India Officer as Leader Praises Crackdown,” Al Jazeera, December 28, 2019, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2019/12/pakistan-india-officer-leader-praises-crackdown-191228080506372.html.
13. Arup Roychoudhury, “India’s Top 63 Billionaires Have More Wealth Than 2018–19 Budget Outlay,” Business Standard, January 21, 2020, https://www.business-standard.com/article/economy-policy/india-s-top-63-billionaires-have-more-wealth-than-2018-19-budget-outlay-120012100038_1.html.
14. “Mettupalayam Untouchability Wall: The Fall of It and the Rise of Islam,” Dalit Camera, January 19, 2020, https://www.dalitcamera.com/mettupalayam-untouchability-wall-the-fall-of-it-and-the-rise-of-islam/.
15. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 90–91.
16. Neethu Joseph, “Police Complaint against Kerala Critic for ‘Offensive’ Remarks against Arundhati Roy,” The News Minute, February 2, 2020, https://www.thenewsminute.com/article/police-complaint-against-kerala-critic-offensive-remarks-against-arundhati-roy-117351.
17. “Human Shield: Paresh Rawal Wants Arundhati Roy [to] Be Tied to Army Jeep Instead of Stone Pelter,” Times of India, May 22, 2017, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/human-shield-paresh-rawal-wants-arundhati-roy-be-tied-to-army-jeep-instead-of-stone-pelter/articleshow/58785670.cms.
18. Babu Bajrangi, “After Killing Them I Felt Like Maharana Pratap,” Tehelka, September 1, 2001.
19. A. Vaidyanathan, “14 Gujarat Riots Convicts Get Interim Bail, Supreme Court Orders Social Service,” NDTV, January 28, 2020, https://www.ndtv.com/india-news/gujarat-riots-supreme-court-grants-bail-to-14-convicted-in-a-case-orders-them-to-do-social-and-spiri-2170755.
20. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 65–67.
21. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 67.
22. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 88.
23. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 431–32.
24. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 349.
25. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 316–17, 334–35.
26. Arundhati Roy, The God of Small Things (New York: Random House, 1997), 208.
27. Roy, Ministry of Utmost Happiness, 438–40.
1. Anumeha Yadav, “Ground Report: Delhi Police Actions Caused Death of Man in Infamous National Anthem Video,” HuffPost India, March 1, 2020, updated March 2, 2020, https://www.huffingtonpost.in/entry/delhi-riots-police-national-anthem-video-faizan_in_5e5bb8e1c5b6010221126276.
2. See chapter 5, “The Silence Is the Loudest Sound.”
3. “The Truth: Gujarat 2002: Babu Bajrangi,” YouTube, October 25, 2007, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mfnTl_Fwvbo.
1. National Herald Web Desk, “PM National Relief Fund Has Only 15% Funds as Cash,” National Herald, March 30, 2020, https://www.nationalheraldindia.com/india/pm-national-relief-fund-has-only-15-funds-as-cash?fbclid=IwAR2ZtB4rzzpU1e6Oqjh4B7KVj_EIt_v8Rc33jIuysJ93E9zsmb7-XMKpK-s.
2. Child malnutrition: Fatima Khan, “Over 8.8 Lakh Deaths—India on Top in UNICEF Report on Under-5 Child Mortality in 2018,” The Print, October 17, 2019, https://theprint.in/india/8-lakh-deaths-india-unicef-report-child-mortality-2018/306950; Tuberculosis: Teena Thacker, “India Continues to Record Maximum Number of Tuberculosis (TB) Cases,” Economic Times, October 17, 2019, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/india-continues-to-record-maximum-number-of-tuberculosis-tb-cases-/articleshow/71638359.cms?from=mdr.