FLICKERS IN THE HOUSE
Bent, Arthur C. 1939. Life Histories of North American Woodpeckers. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office. 342 pp.
Kilham, L. 1959. Early reproductive behavior of flickers. Wilson Bulletin 71:323–336.
———. 1983. Life History Studies of Woodpeckers of Eastern North America. Cambridge, MA: Nuttall Ornithological Club. 240 pp.
Sherman, A. R. 1910. At the Sign of the Northern Flicker. Wilson Bulletin 22:135–171.
A QUINTET OF CROWS
Caffree, C. 1992. Female-biased delayed dispersal and helping in American crows. The Auk 109(3):609–619.
Heinrich, B. 1999. Mind of the Raven: Investigations and Adventures with Wolf-Birds. New York: Harper-Collins. 380 pp.
Kilham, L. 1984. Cooperative breeding of American crows. Journal of Field Ornithology 55(3):349–356.
———. 1985. Behavior of American crows in the early part of the breeding cycle. Florida Field Naturalist 13(2):25–48.
Marzluff, J. M., and T. Angell. 2005. In the Company of Crows and Ravens. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 384 pp.
Marzluff, J. M., J. Walls, H. N. Cornell, J. Withey, and D. P. Craig. 2010. Lasting recognition of threatening people by wild American crows. Animal Behaviour 79:699–707.
Verbeek, N. A., and C. Caffrey. 2002. American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos). The Birds of North America Online, ed. A. Poole. Ithaca: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/
GETTING TO KNOW A STARLING
Baptista, L. F., and L. Petrinovich. 1984. Social interaction, sensitive periods, and song template hypothesis in the white-crowned sparrow. Animal Behaviour 36:1753–64.
Gentner, T. Q., K. M. Fenn, D. Margoliash, and H. C. Nusbaum. 2006. Recursive syntactic pattern learning by songbirds. Nature 440:1204–07.
Murmuration of Starlings. See http://www.youtube.com/embed/88UVJpQGi88.
West, M. J., A. N. Stroud, and A. P. King. 1983. Mimicry of the human voice by European starlings: The role of social interaction. Wilson Bulletin 95:635–640.
West, M. J., and A. P. King. 1990. Mozart’s Starling. American Scientist 78:106–114.
WOODPECKER WITH A DRUM
Bent, A. C. 1939. Life Histories of North American Woodpeckers. Bulletin of the U.S. National Museum 174:1–1322. Reprinted by Dover Publications, New York, 1964.
Daily, G. C., P. R. Ehrlich, and N. M. Haddad. 1993. Double keystone bird in a keystone species mix. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 90:592–594.
Kilham, L. 1983. Life History Studies of Woodpeckers of Eastern North America. Nuttall Ornithological Club no. 20:1–240.
Walters, E. L., E. H. Miller, and P. E. Lowther. 2002. Yellow-bellied Sapsucker (Sphyrapicus varius). The Birds of North America, no. 662, ed. A. Poole and F. Gill. Philadelphia: The Birds of North America, Inc.
BARRED OWL TALKING
Angell, T. 2015. The House of Owls. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. 203 pp.
Bent, A. C. 1938. Life Histories of North American Birds of Prey, part 2. U.S. National Museum Bulletin, no. 170.
Eckert, A. W. 1974. The Owls of North America. New York: Doubleday.
Freeman, P. L. 2000. Identification of individual barred owls using spectrogram analysis and auditory cues. Journal of Raptor Research 34:85–92.
Heinrich, B. 1987. One Man’s Owl. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. 224 pp.
Klatt, P. H., and G. Richison. 1993. The duetting behavior of eastern screech owls. Wilson Bulletin 105(3):483–489.
Odum, K. L., and D. J. Merrill. 2010a. A quantitative description of the vocalizations and vocal activity of the barred owl. Condor 112:549–560.
———. 2010b. Vocal duets in nonpasserines: An examination of territorial defense and neighborhood-stranger discrimination in a neighborhood of barred owls. Behaviour 147:619–639.
———. 2012. Inconsistent geographic variation in the calls and duets of barred owls (Strix varia) across an area of genetic introgression. The Auk 129(3):387–398.
HAWK TABLECLOTHS
Berger, S., R. Disko, and H. Gwinner. 2003. Bacteria in starling nests. Journal of Ornithology 144:317–322.
Brouwer, L., and J. Komdeur. 2004. Green nesting material has a function in mate attraction in the European starling. Animal Behaviour 67:539–548.
Clark, L., and J. R. Mason. 1985. Use of nest material as insecticidal and anti-pathogenic agents by the European starling. Oecologia 67:169–176.
Gracelin, D. H. S., A. J. Britto, and P. B. J. R. Kumar. 2012. Antibacterial screening of a few medicinal ferns against antibiotic resistant phytopathogens. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3:868–873.
Gwinner, H., and S. Berger. 2005. European starlings: Nestling condition, parasites, and green nesting material during the breeding season. Journal of Ornithology 146:365–371.
Gwinner, H., M. Oltrogge, L. Trost, and U. Nienaber. 2000. Green plants in starling nests: Effects on nestlings. Animal Behaviour 59:301–309.
Heinrich, B. 2010. The Nesting Season: Cuckoos, Cuckolds, and the Invention of Monogamy. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. 352 pp.
Heinrich, B. 2013. Why does a hawk build with green nesting material? Northeastern Naturalist 20(2):209–218.
Hoffman, D. 2003. Medical Herbalism: Principles and Practice. Rochester, VT: Healing Arts Press. 588 pp.
Lyons, D. M., K. Titus, and J. A. Mosher. 1986. Sprig delivery by broad-winged hawks. Wilson Bulletin 98:469.
Matray, P. F. 1974. Broad-winged hawk nesting ecology. The Auk 91:307–324.
Orians, G. F., and F. Kuhlman. 1956. The red-tailed hawk and great horned owl populations in Wisconsin. Condor 58:371–385.
Rodgers, J. A., Jr., A. S. Wenner, and S. T. Schwikert. 1988. The use and function of green nest material by wood storks. Wilson Bulletin 100:411–423.
Rosenfield, R. N. 1982. Sprig collection by a broad-winged hawk. Raptor Research 16:63.
Srivastava, K. 2007. Importance of ferns in human medicine. Ethnobotanical Leaflets 11:231–234.
Welty, J. C. 1962. The Life of Birds. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders. 720 pp.
Wimberger, P. H. 1984. The use of green plant material in bird nests to avoid ectoparasites. The Auk 101:615–618.
VIREO BIRTH CONTROL
Alcock, J. 2005. Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach, 8th ed. See ch. 12, The evolution of parental favoritism, pp. 426–435.
Husby, M. 1986. On the adaptive value of brood reduction in birds: Experiments with magpies, Pica pica. Journal of Animal Ecology 55:75–83.
James, R. D. 1998. Blue-headed Vireo (Vireo solitarius). The Birds of North America, no. 379., ed. A. Poole and F. Gill. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences.
Mock, D. W. 1984. Siblicide aggression and resource monopolization in birds. Science 225:731–733.
Mock, D. W., H. Drummond, and C. H. Stinson, 1990. Avian siblicide. American Scientist 78:438–449.
O’Connor, R. J. 1978. Brood reduction in birds: Selection for fratricide, infanticide and suicide? Animal Behaviour 26:790–796.
———. 1979. Egg weights and brood reduction in the European swift (Apus apus). Condor 81:133–145.
NUTHATCH HOMEMAKING
Ghalambor, C. K., and T. H. Martin. 1999. Red-breasted Nuthatch (Sitta canadensis). The Birds of North America Online, ed. A. Poole. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/.
BLUE JAYS IN TOUCH
Johnson, W. C., and T. Webb. 1989. The role of blue jays (Cyanocitta cristata) in the postglacial dispersal of fagaceous trees in North America. Journal of Biogeography 16:561–571.
Jones, T. B., and A. C. Kamil. 1973. Tool-making and tool-use in the northern blue jay. Science 180:1076–78.
Racine, R. N., and N. S. Thompson. 1983. Social organization of wintering blue jays. Behaviour 87:237–255.
Stewart, P. A. 1982. Migration of blue jays in eastern North America. North American Bird Bander 7:107–112.
Tarvin, K. A., and G. E. Woolfenden. 1999. Blue Jay (Cyanocitta cristata). The Birds of North America, no. 469, ed. A. Poole and F. Gill. Philadelphia: Academy of Natural Sciences.
CHICKADEES IN WINTER
Barnea, A., and N. Nottebohm. 1994. Seasonal recruitment of hippocampal neurons in adult free-ranging black-capped chickadees. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 91:11214–221.
Heinrich, B., and R. Bell. 1995. Winter food of a small insectivorous bird, the golden-crowned kinglet. Wilson Bulletin 107(3):558–561.
Heinrich, B., and S. L. Collins. 1983. Caterpillar leaf damage, and the game of hide-and-seek with birds. Ecology 64(3):592-602.
Nottebohm, F. 1980. Testosterone triggers growth of brain vocal control nucleus in adult female canaries. Brain Research 189:429–436.
———. 1981. A brain for all seasons: Cyclical anatomical changes in song control nucleus of the canary brain. Science 214:1368–70.
———. 1989. From birdsong to neurogenesis. Scientific American 260:74–79.
Sherry, D. F., and J. S. Hooshooly. 2009. The seasonal hippocampus of food-storing birds. Behavioral Processes 80:334–338.
Smith, S. M. 1991. The Black-capped Chickadee: Behavioral Ecology and Natural History. Ithaca, NY, and London: Comstock Publishing Associates of Cornell University Press. 362 pp.
REDPOLLS TUNNELING IN SNOW
Cade, T. J. 1953. Sub-nival feeding of the redpoll in interior Alaska: A possible adaptation to the northern winter. Condor 55:43–44.
Clement, R. C. 1968. Common redpoll. In Life Histories of North American Cardinals, Grosbeaks, Buntings, Finches, Sparrows, and Allies, ed. A. C. Bent and O. L. Austin. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press.
Collins, J. E., and J. M. C. Peterson. 2003. Snow burrowing by common redpolls (Carduelis flammea). The Kingbird 53(1):13–22.
Furness, G. 1987. Common redpolls excavating snow burrows and snow bathing. The Kingbird, Spring, pp. 74–75.
Guntert, M., D. Hay, and R. P. Balda. 1988. Communal roosting in the pygmy nuthatch: A winter survival strategy. Proceedings of the International Ornithological Congress 19:1964–72.
Heinrich, B. 2014. Redpoll snow bathing: Observations and hypothesis. Northeastern Naturalist 21(4):N45–N52.
Heinrich, B., and R. Smolker. 1998. Play in common ravens (Corvus corax). In Animal Play: Evolutionary, Comparative, and Ecological Perspectives, ed. M. Beckoff and J. A. Byers, pp. 27–44. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
Knox, A. G., and P. E. Lowther. 2000. Common redpoll (Carduelis flammea). The Birds of North America Online, ed. A. Poole and G. Gill. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/.
Korhonen, K. 1981. Temperature in the nocturnal shelters of the redpoll (Acanthis flammea L.) and the Siberian tit (Parus cinctus Budd.) in winter. Annales Zoologici Fennici, pp. 165–168.
Meltofte, K. 1983. Arrival and pre-nesting period of the snow bunting Plectophenax nivalis in East Greenland. Polar Research 1:185–198.
Novikov, G. A. 1972. The use of under-snow refuges among small birds of the sparrow family. Aquilo Serie Zoologica 13:95–97.
Palmer, R. S. 1949. Maine Birds. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 102.
Sulkava, S. 1968. On small birds spending the night in the snow. Aquilo Serie Zoologica 7:33–37.
TRACKING GROUSE IN WINTER
Bump, G. R., R. W. Darrow, F. C. Edminster, and W. F. Crissey. 1947. The Ruffed Grouse: Life History, Propagation, and Management. Buffalo: New York State Conservation Department. 915 pp.
Heinrich, B. 2003. The Winter World: The Ingenuity of Animal Survival. New York: HarperCollins, p. 347.
———. 2004. Overnighting of golden-crowned kinglets in winter. Wilson Bulletin 115:123–124.
Page, R. E., and A. T. Bergerud. 1988. A genetic explanation for the ten-year cycles in grouse. In Adaptive Strategies and Population Ecology of Northern Grouse, ed A. T. Bergerud and M. W. Gratson. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
Whitaker, D. M., and D. F. Stauffer. 2003. Night roost selection during winter by ruffed grouse in the central Appalachians. Southern Naturalist 2(3):377–392.
CRESTED FLYCATCHER’S NEST HELPERS
Alcock, J. 2005. Animal Behavior: An Evolutionary Approach, 8th ed., pp. 405–435. Sunderland, MA: Sinauer Associates.
Clutton-Brock, T. H. 1991. The Evolution of Parental Care. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Davies, N. B. 2000. Cowbirds and Other Cheats. London: T. and A. D. Poyser.
RED-WINGED BLACKBIRDS RETURNING
Orians, G. H. 1980. Marsh-nesting Blackbirds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
Searcy, W. A., and K. Yasukawa. 1995. Polygyny and Sexual Selection in Red-winged Blackbirds. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
PHOEBE SEASONS
Heinrich, B. 2000. Phoebe diary. Natural History 109(4):14–15.
Olson, Roberta, and New York Historical Society. 2012. Audubon’s Aviary: The Original Watercolors for The Birds of America. New York: Skira Rizzoli.
Pough, Richard H. 1946. Audubon Bird Guide. New York: Doubleday.
EVENING GROSBEAKS
Gillihan, S. W., and B. Byers. 2001. Evening grosbeak (Coccothraustes vespertinus). The Birds of North America Online, ed. A. Poole. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology. http://bna.birds.cornell.edu/BNA/
AUDIENCE TO A WOODCOCK
Longcore, J. R., D. G. McAuley, G. F. Sepic, and G. W. Pendleton. 1996. Canadian Journal of Zoology 74:2046–54.
Marshall, W. M. 1982. Does the American woodcock bob or rock—and why? The Auk 99:791.
McAuley, D. G., J. R. Longcore, and G. F. Sepic. 1993. Behavior of radio-marked breeding American woodcocks. Proceedings of the Eighth American Woodcock Symposium, pp. 116–125.
Mendell, H. L., and C. M. Aldous. 1948. The Ecology and Management of the American Woodcock. Orono: Maine Cooperative Wildlife Research Unit, University of Maine. 201 pp.
Nemeth, E., and H. Brumm. 2009. Blackbirds sing higher-pitched songs in cities: Adaptation to habitat acoustics or side-effect of urbanization. Animal Behaviour 78(3):637–641.
Pettingill, O. S., Jr. 1936. The American woodcock (Philohela minor). Memoirs of the Boston Society of Natural History 9:169–391.
Sheldon, W. G. 1967. The Book of the American Woodcock. Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press.
Worth, C. B. 1976. Body-bobbing woodcocks. The Auk 93:374–375.