Figure I.1. The Ottoman Empire, early 1860s |
xii |
Figure I.2. The Rulers of Egypt |
xiii |
Figure 2.1. Ismail in 1845 |
52 |
Figure 2.2. Ismail after 1867 |
53 |
Figure 3.1. The Comédie of Cairo, 1869 |
91 |
Figure 3.2. The Khedivial Opera House and the Circus, between 1869 and 1872 |
95 |
Figure 3.3. A poster of Eldorado du Caire, 1869 |
98 |
Figure 3.4. Allegory of the Joining of the Two Seas, 1869 |
113 |
Figure 3.5. A painting of Ibrahim Pasha in the hall of the Khedivial Opera House |
114 |
Figure 4.1. Title page of Wādī al-Nīl journal, 22 October 1869 |
143 |
Figure 5.1. Sheikh Salāma Ḥijāzī, possibly in 1913 |
188 |
Figure 6.1. The troupe of Sulaymān Qardāḥī in Paris, 1889 |
233 |
Figure 8.1. Muṣṭafā Kāmil in 1893 |
296 |