abnormal 7, 32, 38–9, 53, 61, 63–4, 93, 101, 131, 161, 177
agency 23, 52, 90, 93, 128, 167–8
agent(s) 6, 20, 112, 128–9, 169
Alcoff, Linda 167
Al-Qaeda 51
Alexander the Great 153
analysis
ancient philosophers 135, 137, 139
philosophy 102–3, 139–40, 143, 145, 147–8, 152
antiquity 102–4, 117, 146, 148
Archaeology of Knowledge, The 59
archeology 112
art
of governing 178
ascesis/askesis67, 102–3, 106, 108, 112
assujettissement67, 159–62, 164–7, 169–70
attitude 181
limit 121
spiritual 110
Aufklärung120
autonomy 104, 108, 163, 169, 171, 178
Being 72
biopower 13–14, 41, 43–6, 48–50, 54, 177
Birth of the Clinic, The62
bodies 28–31, 42–3, 45–6, 48, 81–2, 85–6, 100–101, 130–31, 161–2
female 95
care of/for the self 102–4, 114–18, 128–9, 134–40, 144–6, 153, 155–6; see also epimeleia heautou; souci de soi
Carrette, Jeremy 99, 100, 103–4
Christianity 104, 107, 144, 175–6
Confessions (Augustine) 116–18
confession 61, 134–7, 141, 152–4, 165, 174–6, 177
conscience
examination of as self-practice 137–8
conversion 146, 174–5; see also metanoia
criminology/criminal psychiatry 27, 89, 101
critical attitude 106, 181–2, 184–5
critical ontology 122
critique 119–22, 150–51, 169, 171, 173–4, 178–84
Deleuze, Gilles 76
Descartes, René 71, 105–6, 129, 144–7
disciplinary power 3, 13–14, 27–35, 39, 41, 44–6, 59, 88–9, 91, 132–3, 159, 161–3, 165, 167–8, 171, 177
disciplinary practices 28–9, 36–9, 67, 156
disciplinary techniques 22, 45, 89, 101
discipline(s) 14, 28, 41, 44–5, 48, 55, 76, 87–8, 100–102, 103, 112, 133–4, 141, 161–3, 165, 167, 170
Discipline and Punish2, 14, 17, 22, 27, 58–9, 61, 63, 67, 75–6, 77–8, 80, 86–7, 89, 161, 164–6
scientific 89–90, 92–3, 95, 165
domination 3–5, 8, 16, 18, 112, 167–9
education 33, 43, 46, 52, 131, 134, 162
enlightenment 6, 7, 77, 100–101, 106, 120–22
epimeleia heautou102, 114, 116, 135, 144–5
as a way of life 102–8, 118, 137–9
ethos 102–4, 115, 118, 121–2, 150–51
examination, as disciplinary technique 31–2, 34, 39, 44, 88–9, 101, 163
experimentation/experimenting, as practice of freedom 7–9, 77, 80–81, 93, 97, 185
freedom 1–8, 24–5, 71–83, 85–6, 93, 97, 104, 106–9, 111–13, 116, 119, 122–4, 169, 180–82
agonistic 116
metaphysical 71–2, 73–4, 77, 81–3
practices of 86, 97, 103–4, 107–8, 111
friendship 150
gaze, disciplinary power and 31–2, 39, 58–9
gender 57–61, 62, 64–5, 92–6, 108–9, 179, 181
Gender Identity Disorder (GID) 57, 64, 65–6
genealogy 86–7, 92, 106, 112–13, 122, 168
God 72, 77, 111, 116–19, 131, 144–5, 175–6
government 115, 123, 155, 176–7
governmentality 27, 80, 123, 132, 176–7, 178–9, 181; see also art of governing
Greeks, ancient 111, 114, 116, 118, 135–6, 146–7, 150
Heidegger, Martin 72
Hermeneutics of the Subject, The102–5, 114, 118, 143–6, 147
hierarchical observation 31–2, 39, 162–3
History of Madness 53
History of Sexuality 117
Vol. I7, 14, 41, 45, 47, 50, 59, 61, 63–4, 66, 80, 86, 90–91, 93–4, 96, 101, 159, 164–6
depathologization of 64
homosexual(s) 64, 96, 160, 166, 170–71
human sciences 7, 55, 101, 162–3
institutions, disciplinary power and 16–17, 23, 33–5, 44–6, 56, 59, 87, 101, 132–3, 152, 170, 173
“I, Pierre Rivière …” 49
Iranian Revolution 108, 110, 191–2
Iraq 51
Kant, Immanuel 113, 119–22, 151, 156, 194
life
biopower and 41–6, 48–52, 91–2
philosophy as a way of 113, 145–8
limits 93, 109, 113, 121–2, 145, 147, 168–9
management, as a technique of modern power 27–8, 35–6, 39, 50, 162–3, 170–71, 180
materiality, of the body 86, 91–2, 95
metanoia175
mind(soul)–body relation 71, 81–2, 86, 89, 100–103, 130, 185
modernity 102, 103, 106, 110, 146, 162–3, 176
morality 114, 119, 146–8, 155–6
norm(s) 5, 7–8, 32, 38, 43–4, 53, 61–2, 64, 89–90, 101, 160, 163, 173–4, 177, 179–81, 184–5
beauty 85
normality 62, 64, 100–101, 177
normalization 62, 64, 67, 89, 112, 133, 135, 141, 173
normalizing judgement 31–2, 38, 163
obedience
disciplinary power and 37–8, 95
ontology 71
of the present 2
Panopticon 34–5, 58–60, 63, 163
parrhēsia105–6, 115–16, 143, 147–53, 155, 157
parrhēsiastēs105, 115, 149–51, 153, 155; see also truth-teller
politics 127
feminist 96
queer 96
relationship to philosophy 148
sexual 96
population 7, 14, 22, 27, 32–3, 44–51, 53–4, 117, 160, 165, 170, 177
pouvoir/savoir see power/knowledge
power 1–8, 13–31, 41–6, 49–50, 55–6, 58–61, 63, 75–8, 85–93, 95–7, 123–4, 159–69, 173–4, 178–81, 183–4; see also biopower; disciplinary power; sovereign power
techniques/technologies of 18, 29, 31–3, 45, 59, 61, 63, 76, 88–9, 92–5, 161–3
power/knowledge 55–6, 63, 59–63, 65–7
power relations 4–8, 15–16, 18, 20–25, 58–9, 96, 160, 163, 168, 171, 176, 178–81, 184–6
navigation/negotiation of 5–6, 179, 181
practices of the self 112, 156, 173
Principles of Scientific Management, The (Taylor) 27, 28, 31
as a disciplinary programme 35–9
prison(s) 14, 34–5, 44–6, 49, 60, 75–6, 86–9, 101, 161–2, 165–6, 177
psychiatry 7, 14, 34, 65, 101, 165
psychoanalysis 25, 61, 101, 105, 155, 164
psychology 7, 34, 55, 101, 127
punishment 27, 32, 44, 49, 75, 161, 163
Qur’an 109
refusal, as a practice of the self 8, 182–5
resistance 14, 18, 24–5, 29, 36, 49, 63–6, 85–6, 93–4, 96–7, 100, 106, 167–9
salvation 104, 117, 152, 174–5
Sartre, Jean-Paul 81, 193, 195
schools, disciplinary power and 33, 44, 46, 87–8, 101, 130–32, 162–3, 177
Security, Territory, Population 44
self
confessional 135
normalized 141
renunciation/sacrifice of 174–6, 178–80, 182–4, 186
techniques/technologies of the 66, 102, 103–9, 116–19, 123, 137–9, 156, 180
see also practices of the self
self-examination 138–9, 153–4, 175
self-knowledge 102, 135, 140, 144–5
self-mastery 154
self-relation 138
self-transformation 1, 99, 103, 104–6, 107, 108–9, 194
sex 47–8, 50, 57, 61–2, 88–96, 117, 164–5
sexual difference, disciplinary enforcement of 57–61
sexuality 14, 17, 57, 86, 90–97, 164–6
Society Must Be Defended41, 45, 50
Socrates 113–16, 129, 148, 153, 194–5
souci de soi128; see also care of the self
sovereign 4, 32, 42–3, 49–51, 75, 161–2, 167
sovereign power 3–4, 13, 16, 18, 22, 27–8, 41–4, 48–50, 162, 168, 176, 184
Spencer, Herbert 52
spiritual practices 101, 103–4
spirituality 99–100, 102–6, 108, 145–6
Spivak, Gayatri 56
state power 78
model of care of the self 155
strategies 14, 18–19, 22–6, 53–4, 89, 91–2
subjection 32, 34, 58, 60, 89, 112, 159, 163–4
subjectivation 113, 159, 174, 178, 182; see also assujettissement
subjectivity 3–4, 6–8, 23–4, 27, 67, 105–6, 128–30, 134–5, 138–41, 143–6, 155, 159, 161–2, 166–9, 171, 173–4, 178–81
surveillance 31, 44, 58, 61, 76, 101, 133, 161
tactics 22–3, 25, 44, 46, 48, 53, 162
thinking differently 2–3, 8–9, 93, 96–7, 134–5, 180–81
tools, Foucault’s work as providing 8, 24, 57, 95, 97, 104, 181
power and 61–3, 165–6, 169, 173–6, 178–9, 181–5
sexual 165
spirituality as access to 105
verbalization, as practice of the self 175–6
Weight Watchers 155
Western philosophy 6, 72, 106, 109, 111, 114, 178
women
Islamic 109
women’s sexuality 47–8, 53, 62
workshops
disciplinary power and 29, 44, 46