Page numbers listed correspond to the print edition of this book. You can use your device’s search function to locate particular terms in the text.
Page numbers in italics refer to illustrations and maps.
Aa River, 264
Abbeville:
fall of, 257, 274
German advance toward, 191, 217, 246–47, 252
Abriel, Jean-Marie, 249, 339, 398–99, 402, 413, 421–24
Alexander’s contentious meetings with, 421–24, 427–29
evacuation of, 424
Academy Awards, 57n, 314
Achtung-Panzer! (Guderian), 70, 172
Advanced Air Striking Forces, 109, 181
Aeschylus, 180
Air Component, 109
Air Ministry, 30, 218, 278
air travel, 77
Albert I, king of Belgium, 94–95, 94, 387
Albert Canal, 95, 157, 157
Albury, 407
alcohol use:
of Churchill, 63–64, 139, 153, 222–23
of Greenwood, 49
by troops, 384, 405
Alexander, H.R.L.G., as commander in chief of BEF, 421–24, 422, 427–29, 433, 440, 443, 444
Alexander, king of Yugoslavia, assassination of, 92, 92
Allied armies:
evolving disintegration of, 239–73
German strategy to cut off and separate, 219, 243, 252, 287, 303
problematic coordination and conflict within, 185–86, 197–208, 247–51, 286, 345, 428–29
retreat of, 233–34
strategy meeting of, 245–50
strategy of enemy encounters with, 235–37
American Civil War, 105, 348
Amery, Leo, 47, 124, 130–32, 137–38
Amiens, 191, 224, 226, 246–47, 274, 395
Anchluss, 14, 42
antiaircraft guns, 256–57
anti-Semitism, 5, 31, 106
see also Jews, Nazi persecution of
Antwerp, 162, 185, 234
appeasement, 9, 11, 33, 38–44, 47, 60–61, 119, 127–28, 150, 151, 152–53, 222, 225–26, 242, 352–53, 432, 460
Ardennes Forest, lack of defense for, 21–22, 88, 91, 98, 100–101, 142, 161, 163, 167, 169–70, 172, 181, 198, 200, 287, 296
armored divisions, 166, 178, 193–94, 214–16, 229–30, 233, 235, 236, 243, 254, 265, 285, 296–97, 347
Armored Reconnaissance Battalion, 256
Arne, Thomas, xv
Arras, 227, 230, 232, 242–44, 261–62, 274
British abandonment of, 264, 286, 293, 312, 347, 348
German advance to, 191, 203–4
strategic importance of, 253–54
Arras, Battle of, 253–58, 259, 289, 297
Astor, Helen, 460n
Atkins, J. E., 417–18
Atlantic crossings, 77, 459–60
passenger ships sunk in, 461
Attlee, Clement, 47, 48, 136, 139, 143, 188, 334–35, 411
Auden, W. H., 266n
Auftragstaktik, defined, 168
Auphan, Admiral, 339
Austro-Hungarian Empire, 4, 7, 57, 317, 355, 438
Auxiliary Military Pioneers, 284, 354
Avesnes, 188, 267
Backhouse, Roger, 304
Baldwin, Stanley, 28, 30, 182
Bapaume, 247, 261
Barratt, A. S., 109
Bastianini, Giuseppe, 334–35
battalions, nomenclature for, 270n
Battle bombers, 181, 194n
Beatles, 309
Beaverbrook, Lord, 36, 139–40, 150, 151, 152, 352
Beck, Józef, 31–33, 32, 41
Belgian Army, 176, 185, 200–201, 236, 243, 246–47, 249, 250–52, 261, 269, 373
evolving collapse of, 267, 271, 278, 320, 323, 324–26, 331, 345, 347
Belgium:
canals of, 265, 272–73
declining morale in, 180, 238, 251, 325
French loss of, 175–86, 189
German advance into, 141–42, 155–63, 155, 170, 176–77, 177, 185–86, 188, 191, 198–208, 219, 228, 232–33, 237–39, 248, 267, 268, 288, 297, 302, 378
German threat to, 100–101, 116
neutrality of, 21–22, 88–90, 93–95, 99, 126, 232, 237–38
railway strike in, 192, 250
surrender of, 331, 353, 363, 431
in WWI, 388
Bentley Priory, 305
Berger, Ludwig, 184
Berkeley, Claud, 336–37, 414
Berlin, 317
Béthune, 272
Biarritz, SS, 282
Billotte, Gaston, 160–62
death of, 251–52
as inadequate coordinator of three Allied armies, 185–86, 200–203, 207–8, 247–51, 264
Bíró, Lajos, 184
Bishop, Brian, 409
Bismarck, 123
Black Book (Sonderfahndungsliste-G.B.), prominent British figures targeted in, 58–59
Black Forest, 61
blackout curtains, 27, 29
blackouts, 76
Blackpool, 437
Blanchard, General, 207, 264
Blenheim bombers, 181, 194n
Bliss, Arthur, 30
Blitz, 450–51
blitzkreig, 73
defined, 55–56, 70
Blood, Lady, 66
Blue Bird of Chelsea, 419
Blue Danube, The (restaurant), 319
Blum, Léon, 12
Blumenkriege (“flower wars”), 44
Board of Trade, 106–7
Bock, General von, 326
bomb shelters, 312
of Korda family, 53–54
Bonnet, Georges, 8, 44
Boothby, Robert, 49, 49
Boothe, Clare, see Luce, Clare Boothe
Borah, William, 55
Bormann, Martin, 166
Boulogne, 203, 227, 246, 250, 263, 274, 277–78, 280, 341
battles at, 284–87, 289, 291–92
British departure from, 286–87
defensive perimeter of, 282–85
fall of, 287, 291–93, 323
Haute Ville (Citadel) at, 285, 286
Bowman, J. E., 362, 380, 383
Boys antitank rifle, 230, 374
Bracken, Brendan, 5, 6, 12, 36, 53, 125, 136, 139–40, 150, 151, 152, 218, 277, 279, 320–21, 400, 414
Brauchitsch, Walter von, 298, 298
Breda, 162
Bren Gun Carrier, 434
Bren light machine guns, 230, 258
Brest, 281
“Brexit,” 461
Bristol Blenheim bombers, 109
Britain:
British ultimatum and declaration of war by, 49–51, 60
class distinctions in, 23, 57, 79, 80, 111, 267, 450–51
cultural characteristics of, 57, 106, 310, 422, 450–52, 461
Dunkirk evacuees returned home to, 397, 403–11, 432–33
fear of invasion in, 450, 461
governmental intrusion in, 312–13
growing confidence and morale in, 425–38, 446–47
historical significance of French Channel ports for, 279–82, 284–85
illusion of normalcy in, 454–55
insularity of, 114, 451, 452, 455, 461–62
military mobilization in, 38
ongoing antagonism between France and, 104–6, 109–11, 179, 206, 263, 339, 398–99, 422–24, 461
Polish military units in, 57
popular opinion in, 44, 47, 49, 450
reorganization and modernization of, 67–68, 156
“sovereign’s birthday” in, 455n
strong national character of, 80
Britain, Battle of, 327, 441, 450, 461
British Army, 56, 64, 284
class consciousness in, 450
French Army vs., 23, 289
German admiration for, 374
mobilization of, 38
regimental local loyalty in, 374–75
tanks in, 68–70, 108–9, 250, 254–55, 261, 291
terms of rank in, 323n
traditions of, 238–39
British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC):
Churchill’s speeches on, 224–25
experimental TV of, 52
newscasts on, 3–4, 6, 180, 388, 392, 446
People’s War homepage of, 389n
British Expeditionary Force (BEF), 121, 176, 180, 185–86, 218–19, 242–43, 245, 262–64, 322
air components of, 109
at Battle of Arras, 245–58
billeting of, 114–15
British pride in, 199–201
concern in Britain for, 356–60
discipline and regimentation of, 376, 382, 391, 404, 433
evacuation of, see Dunkirk evacuation
famous regiments of, 198, 229, 374–75
first installment of, 65
German strategy to cut off and defeat, 219, 243, 252, 287, 303
Gort placed in charge of, 84–88
heroic action in, 270–71, 373
Hitler’s Fall Gelb strategy for, 100–101
Hore-Belisha’s visit to, 103–4
insularity and lack of worldliness in, 114
intensifying pressure on, 265–69, 277–79, 281, 285, 292
morale building within, 111
recreation and entertainment for, 111, 114, 115
remaining in France, 425–27, 433
retreat to the coast of, 225, 228–29, 274, 289, 306, 340, 344–45, 351
shortages of, 294, 373–74
size and composition of, 87, 108
variety within, 113–15
weaknesses in, 108–9
in WWI, 87, 109
British-French alliance, 24–25, 122, 224
animosity and blame in, 193–96, 264, 286, 298, 339, 398–99
BEF ambivalence in, 109–10
confusion and misunderstandings within, 160–63, 294, 402, 461
as essential to France, 68, 214
evolving disintegration of, 239–73, 415, 421–24
Rommel as threat to, 174
strategy meeting of, 245–50
British-French relations:
mistrust in, 9, 23, 206
resentment in, 23, 24
British intelligence, 15
British Navy, 61, 67, 121–23, 143, 153n, 285
Churchill’s notes to, 66
in Dunkirk evacuation, 337, 339, 343, 386, 389–91, 403, 417, 419, 423, 451
French fleet in Morocco attacked by, 449
mobilization of, 38
modernization of, 303
supremacy of, 65–66, 122, 127, 301–6, 317
British Railways, 436
British Union of Fascists, 365n
Brooke, Alan F., 112–13, 112
brothels, 111–13
Brownshirts, 14, 348
Brussels, 176, 178, 185, 218, 219, 232, 234, 240
fall of, 200, 239
as “open city,” 160–61
Buckley, William F., 80n
Budapest, 5, 13, 14, 58–59, 438
Bulge, Battle of the, 350
Burghers of Calais, The (Rodin), 280, 281
Burying Caesar (Stewart), 9
Byron, Lord, 280
Cadogan, Alexander, 336–37, 394, 395
Calais, 25, 246, 248, 250, 263, 274, 277, 279, 280, 283, 287, 297, 304, 341
bombing of, 208, 249, 294
burghers of, 280–81
Churchill’s commitment to, 293–95
Citadel and Old Town of, 294–95
defense and fall of, 291–95, 313, 323, 342
historical significance of, 292
Cambrai, 202, 253, 261–62, 323
Cambridge, Frederick, 238–39
Campbell, Malcolm, 419
Campbell, Ronald, 203
Canada, 428
refugees in, 80, 451, 459, 460
Canal de La Bassée, 272–73
Canal du Nord, 264
Carnets di major Thompson, Les (Danino), 422
carpet bombing, 173–74
Cartier brooch, 184
cartoons, political, 107–8, 108
Case Yellow, see Fall Gelb
cavalry, 169, 229, 243, 375
censorship, 154
easing of, 430–31
of press, 180, 352
Chalmondsleigh, 421
Chamberlain, Austin, 11n
Chamberlain, Joseph, 11
Chamberlain, Mrs., 135, 151, 220
Chamberlain, Neville, 3, 8, 9, 27, 128, 151, 220, 225, 334–35, 364, 394–95, 449
appeasement stance of, 9, 33, 39–40, 47, 210, 460
character of, 9–12, 64, 67, 132–34, 352
evolving anti-Nazi sentiment of, 44
parliamentary dissatisfaction with, 124–45
personally betrayed by Hitler, 36
in Poland debate, 47–50
popularity of, 37–38
as prime minister, 6–7, 16, 30, 32, 33–34, 36–40, 61, 63, 67, 84, 86–87, 106–7, 121–22, 182, 222, 336, 432, 457
replaced as PM by Churchill, 142–45
resignation of, 143–44
retained by Churchill, 151
speaking style of, 52–53, 67, 125
as supporter of Churchill, 352
war announced by, 51–54, 60
Chanel, Coco, 221
Channel Islands, 340, 408, 417
Channel Tunnel, 304
Channon, Henry “Chips,” 55, 135–37, 460
Channon, Paul, 460–61
Chasseurs Alpins (French mountain troops), 117
Chasseurs Ardennais, 167–68
Château Casteau, “summit” at, 160
Château de Vincennes, Grand Quartier Général in, 90–92
Cherbourg, 149–250, 281
Chevalier, Maurice, 179
children:
class distinctions in, 451, 458–59
evacuation from cities of, see Operation Pied Piper
as victims of war, 240–42
Children’s Overseas Reception Board, 461
Christ Church College, Oxford, 266–67
Churchill, Diana and Sara, 152, 226
Churchill, Lady Randolph, 413
Churchill, Lord Randolph, 150
Churchill, Mrs., 144, 223, 226, 330, 395
Churchill, Randolph, 141, 152, 220–21, 221, 226, 441, 448
Churchill, Winston, ix, 6, 58, 80n, 89, 91, 125, 127, 132, 136, 144, 188, 221, 245, 304, 411, 422
age factor for, 125
Alex Korda’s friendship with, 5, 15, 77, 151–54, 314, 357–58, 456
anti-Nazi stance of, 47, 49, 64, 119, 137, 152, 182, 336
bouts of depression of, 226
Chamberlain compared to, 10, 12, 64–65, 67
Chamberlain replaced as PM by, 142–45
as de facto minister of defense, 127
as first lord of the Admiralty, 46, 61–62, 65–66, 117, 126
on France, 446
as Francophile, 65, 189, 400, 440
inspirational speeches and speaking style of, xiv, 53, 67, 125, 224–27, 355, 363–66, 380–81, 447–49
modest religious sentiments of, 330
opposition to, 63
political prowess of, 106–7
screenwriting by, 151–52
strategy for dealing with, 400–401
talents and assets of, 61–63, 67, 119, 189, 220, 222, 412–13, 426, 441
theatricality of, 394
in War Cabinet, 61–68, 99, 117, 119, 142, 186, 194–95, 227, 263, 271, 292, 329, 333–37, 352, 393–95, 425
in WWI, 62, 118, 120n
Churchill, Winston, as prime minister, 178, 210, 277, 282, 286, 288, 291, 306, 307, 400, 443
appeasers reassigned by, 432–33
ascendancy to, 144–45, 150–53, 312, 336
commanding leadership style of, 142–43, 145, 220, 223, 357, 402
determination, resolve, and perseverance themes of, 224–26, 293–95, 337, 363–67, 369, 380–81, 396, 426, 432–33, 447–50
Dunkirk evacuation ordered by, 335–37
in Dunkirk evacuation preparation, 328–37
as embodiment of defiance and victory, 450
first speech of, 355n, 364
“hateful decision” of, 449
Joseph P. Kennedy disliked by, 222–23
on Operation Pied Piper, 458–59
political style of, 151
Pownall’s visit to, 399–402
resistance to, 153–54
Reynaud’s London meeting with, 331–35
staff of, 151
in strategic planning, 246–47, 259–64, 271, 292–93, 300
at Supreme War Council meetings in Paris, 108, 188–95, 412–15, 429
Churchill War Papers (Gilbert), 61
Church of England, 113, 330
Ciano, Galeazzo, 3, 34–35, 35, 44, 50
execution of, 35
cigarettes, 384, 409–10
Civilization, 426
Clair, René, 320, 320
Clapham, Fred, 407–8
Clark, Kenneth, 426, 427
Clifton School, Bristol, “Jewish wing” of, 104
Cobley, Dick, 409
collaboration, 123
“Colonel Blimps” (reactionaries), 107–8
Command of the Air (Douhet), 28
communication:
failures of, 109, 162, 171, 174, 177, 212, 213, 215, 233, 236, 247–48, 252, 257, 267, 283, 285, 339, 351, 398–99, 406, 428–29, 442
language barrier in, 249, 273, 428, 442–43
technology of, 70, 303, 328
concentration camps, 14, 42, 56, 242, 347–48
condoms, religious objection to, 113
Connolly, Cyril, 354–55
Conservative Party, 36–37, 44, 47–48, 62, 64, 78, 125, 129–30, 136, 138, 151
opposition to Churchill within, 63, 137, 139, 141, 143–44, 225, 336, 364, 394, 446, 449
Constant Nymph, 420–21
Cooper, Alfred Duff, 137, 137, 151, 277, 279, 320–21, 353, 357, 450, 457, 460–61
Cooper, Diana, 277n
“Cooper’s Snoopers,” 450
Copenhagen, 119
Corap, General, 169n, 177, 193, 198, 212, 244
Corda, Maria, 58
Corniglion-Molinier, Édouard “Eddie,” 400n
Corunna, evacuation of, 163
Côte D’Opale (Opal Coast), resorts of, 387–88
Coville, John, 143–44, 333, 333, 352
Coward, Noël, 58
Cromwell, Oliver, 131–32
Crosby, Bing, 310
cruiser tanks, 69
Crussol, Marquise de, 126–27, 179
Cuirassiers (heavy Cavalry), 243–44
Czechoslovakia, crisis in, 6–8, 10–11, 23–24, 31, 36, 44, 121, 130, 166, 352
Dachau, 42
Dahlerus, Birger, 39–40, 43
Daily Express, 180, 198, 352
Daily Mail, 180, 198, 278
Daladier, Edouard, 3, 8–10, 8, 93, 352
appeasement stance of, 11
mistress of, 126–27, 179
replaced, 121, 204
as war minister, 160, 178, 191–94, 204
Dalton, Hugh, 446
Daninos, Pierre, 422
Danzig, 31–35, 39–40
Dardanelles, Churchill’s failed plan for, 62, 118–19, 120n, 130
Darlan, François, 206, 206, 413
Dawson, Geoffrey, 30
D-Day (1944), 174
De Chirico, 225
de Gaulle, Charles, 25n, 68–70, 90, 202, 209, 214–17, 218, 220
determination and commitment of, 215–16
Free French forces of, 424, 445
leadership style of, 216
military strategy of, 214–16, 328
reputation of, 217
in WWI, 214
degaussing coil, 342n
de Havilland airplanes, 315, 412
Dendre River, 156, 200, 239, 241
Denham:
Alex Korda’s film studio at, see London Films studio, at Denham
Korda family’s evacuation to, 57–60
Denmark, German invasion of, 119–20, 122
dentistry, 309, 359–60
de Portes, Hèléne, 126–27, 179, 196
destroyers, in Dunkirk evacuation, 339, 376–77, 386–87, 393–94, 406, 415, 433–34, 442
Devil’s General, The (Zuckmayer), 317
Devonshire, Duke of, 40n
Dietrich, Marlene, 317, 318
Dietrich, Sepp, 338, 349–50
Dill, John, 188, 188, 191, 293, 330–31, 411
Dinard, 417
Dineson, Isak, 283n
Disraeli, 150
dive-bombers, 55–56, 109, 187, 193, 201, 213, 216, 234–35, 279, 285, 377
destructiveness of, 323, 326
in tank support, 71, 74, 328–29
Doe, Lance-Corporal, 346
Douglas DC-3 Dakota, 328
Douhet, Giulio, 28
Dover, 26, 249, 282, 293, 304–6, 394, 406, 409, 418, 423, 443
see also White Cliffs of Dover
Dover Castle, 305
Dowding, Hugh, 190, 190, 195, 305
Downe, 10th Viscount, 200
Drazin, Charles, 456–57
Dreadnought, HMS, 303
Dreigroschen Oper, Die (Brecht and Weil), 317
Duchess of Richmond, SS, 460
“Dum-Dum bullets,” 349
Dunkirk, 246, 263, 280, 287, 292, 297, 325, 351
beaches of, 368, 369–77, 372, 379–83, 385–88, 415–16, 434–35
BEF retreat to, 274, 289, 306, 351, 361–63, 367
bombing and strafing of, 249, 266n, 299, 323–24, 337, 360, 369, 377, 393, 404–9, 415–16, 421, 427, 429–30
food and water shortages in, 384–85
French Army remaining in, 428
German capture of, 384
horrific and chaotic conditions in, 323–24, 360–63, 375–76, 379–85, 394, 403, 408, 415, 417, 427, 433, 442
selected as location for evacuation, 282, 292, 323
Dunkirk evacuation (Operation Dynamo), 275–462
Churchill’s speech on, 447–49
contrasting views of heroism or defeat in, 343–44
Dover in, 301–6
duration of, 367
eastern mole in, 341, 367, 369–70, 372, 374, 386, 387, 404, 408, 409, 415, 433–35, 443, 451
evacuees’ returned home to Britain in, 397, 403–11, 425–38
French evacuated in, 399–400, 404–5, 408–9, 411, 413–14, 423–24, 428–29, 437, 440, 442–46
French response to, 339, 398–99
German blame for, 295–300
holding the perimeter in, 368–78, 379, 413, 423
initial idea and plan for, 202–4, 250, 264, 301, 313, 322–23, 360
last ship to leave in, 444
luck and chance in, 408–10
maintaining order in, 343–44
nonessential personnel (“useless mouths”) evacuated in, 329, 341, 372, 402, 413
numbers of evacuees in, 313, 363, 367, 376, 394, 403, 406, 408, 411, 415, 420, 424, 426, 431, 442, 443, 445–46
order to begin, 337, 338
preparation for, 322–37
press coverage of, 430–31
proud national legacy of, 430, 439, 450–52, 460–62
romantic legend vs. reality of, 383–84, 387
savage fighting before, 345–47
as unprecedented, 263
vessels employed in, see small ships mission
winding down and projected end of, 429, 433–35, 440–46
youngest seaman killed in, 417–18
Dutch Army, collapse of, 347
Dutch schuyts, 311, 340, 376–77
Dyle River, 88–89, 93, 95, 102, 156–57, 163, 172, 173, 176, 185, 199–200, 228, 232–34, 238, 338
Eben-Emael, Fort, 157
Eden, Anthony, 36, 132n, 141, 151, 335, 429, 444
Edward III, king of England, 280
Edward VIII, king of England, abdication of, 36, 136
Eicke, Theodor, 348, 350
Einsatzgruppen (mobile killing squads), 56
Einstein, Albert, 15
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 303
Eisenstaedt, Alfred, 354
Elephant Boy, 184
Elizabeth I, queen of England, 282
Elizabeth II, queen of England, 136
Engien, Duke of, 261
englische Soldat, Der, 374
English Channel, 227, 254
French ports on, 246, 250, 279–282, 284; see also specific locations
as goal of German Army advance, 86, 100, 174, 202–4, 205, 211–13, 216, 219, 246, 252, 257, 260, 312, 330–31
navigational hazards of, 303, 341–42, 394, 417
trade routes in, 280–81
width of, 280, 305, 341, 403
ENSA (Entertainments National Service Association), 111
Escaut River (Scheldt River), 156, 185, 200, 202–3, 247, 249–51, 262, 270, 271
espionage, 85–86, 232
Ethel Maud, 421
European Union, 461
Evans, Madge, 310
Evans, Maud Mary, 310
Evening Standard, 107, 352
Fagalde, General, 422
Falcon II, 421
Falkenhorst, General von, 120, 120
Fall Gelb (Case Yellow):
capture of plans for, 98–100
implementation of, 154–72, 252, 296
size and scale of, 101
various revisions to plan for, 96–102, 172–73, 328
see also Belgium, German advance into; France, Battle of
Fall Rot (Case Red), strategic plan for, 288–89, 299, 444
Fall Weiss (Case White), 33
Fauchon, 184
Felsennest, 158
ferries, 340
Fields, Gracie, 103, 111, 136
“fifth columnists,” 374
origin of term, 327
Fighter Command, 190, 190
fighting lorry, 236
“Final Solution,” 56
Finland, 120
Soviet attack on, 116–18
Fisher, Lord, 62
Fisher, Miss, 459
Fleming, Ian, 15n
Fliergerkorps II, 174
Foch, Ferdinand, 70, 87, 204, 207, 213, 308
Foot Guards, 113
Forgotten Voices of Dunkirk (Levine), 113–14
“Fortress Holland,” 94
Four Feathers, The, 184
Fox-Pitt, W.A.F.L., 283, 285–86
France:
ambivalence about war in, 316–17
British Air Forces in, 109, 195
British historical bond of Channel ports with, 279–82
British initial contribution to defense of, 22, 24, 68
British support withdrawn from, 441–49
collaboration government in, 424, 441, 446
defeatist sentiment of, 211–15, 244, 325, 331, 381, 445, 455
defensive policy of, 213–15
delayed support of Poland by, 60
movie industry of, 316, 320
ongoing antagonism between Britain and, 104–6, 109–11, 115, 179, 206, 263, 339, 354, 398–99, 422–24, 461
patriotic rhetoric of, 423–24, 428
planned attack on, 74, 96
proposed British blockade and bombardment of, 414–15
reputed to be preeminent military power, 181
support for Hitler in, 213–14
surrender of, 264, 431, 441, 445–48, 461
worldwide empire of, 65n
WWII casualties of, 461
France, Battle of, 147–274
German attack sites in, 262
Franco-British Military Mission of Liason, 230, 243
Frankforce, 253, 256, 257
Franklyn, Harold, 253
Franz Joseph, emperor of Austria and king of Hungary, 7n
Frederick the Great, 97–98
Free French forces, 424
Freemasons, bias against, 36
French air force (Armée de l’Air), 181, 234, 320, 326
French Army, 34, 56, 105, 219, 243, 284, 287, 395
camaraderie in, 273
colonial troops in, 384, 437n
command structure for BEF in, 87–88, 93
complex command system of, 92–93
confused strategy and politics of, 428
declining morale of, 100, 111, 174, 188, 190, 193–94, 213, 252, 268, 444–45
defeated in Belgium, 175–86
in Dunkirk defense, 379
evolving collapse of, 271, 307, 324–25, 329, 330–31, 345, 367, 403, 413, 440, 444–45
First, 88, 176, 185, 186, 200, 246, 250, 251, 252, 261, 264–65, 269, 278, 306, 324, 326, 399, 428
flaws, failures, and losses of, 191–92, 200–208, 209–10, 213–14, 225, 243, 244, 252
4th Armored Division, 215
German strategy of movement vs. fixed strategy of, 329
inflated success claims for, 198
initial mobilization of, 23–25
mobile strategic reserve unavailable for, 191–92
Ninth, 169, 172, 177, 192, 198–99, 202, 244
overestimation of, 65, 189, 210, 400
reconnaissance, 168
as reluctant to engage in offensive action, 126, 213–14, 262–65, 278, 283, 286, 291, 293, 297, 322
reservists in, 273–74
retreat of, 225, 238, 267–68, 344, 353, 363
Second, 174
Seventh, 88, 162, 176, 192, 202, 326
size of, 24, 87, 110, 194
tanks in, 69, 213, 244, 257, 445
Third, 247, 262
WWI mutinies in, 205n
French-British-Belgian army coalition, 160–63
French Foreign Legion, 114
French-German border, 21
French language, few British speakers of, 24–25
French Navy, 398, 413, 449
“French seventy-fives” (cannons), 194
French War College, 70
Freud, Sigmund, 15, 80
Fuller, J. F. C., 68–70, 328
Furnes, 377–78
fusiliers, 271–73, 272
Gallipoli, 120–21, 137, 263
Gamelin, Maurice, 55, 65n, 86, 142
as commander in chief of Allied Armies, 87–95, 99, 105, 154–55, 161–62, 171–72, 178, 185, 186, 189–94, 200, 204, 208, 228, 234, 236, 244, 247, 296–97, 302, 306, 452
miscalculation of, 93
replaced, 204, 261, 301
gas masks, 27, 29, 30, 53, 312, 425
for babies and children, 27, 28, 75, 460
General Strike, British, 450
Geneva Convention, 429, 435n
George II, king of England, 455n
George III, king of England, 201, 229
George IV, king of England, 229
George V, king of England, 151, 238
George VI, king of England, 35, 42, 105–6, 125, 131, 136–37, 141, 143–44, 151, 189, 190, 251, 283n, 291, 329–31, 402, 424, 461
Georges, Alphonse, 89–93, 89, 160–62, 172, 178, 185, 208, 215–16, 230, 253, 269, 400
wounding of, 92–93, 92
German Army, 260, 284, 325, 349, 374
armored warfare strategy of, 71–73, 88, 97
attack sites of, 296
brutality of, 233–34
concentration of forces strategy of, 97
conflict within, 210–11
doubt and caution in, 258, 274, 287, 295–97
full mobilization of, 38, 111
Group A, 97–98, 101, 258, 347
Group B, 98, 211, 236, 268, 288, 308, 326, 347
halting of panzer advance as biggest strategical error of, 246, 258, 295–300, 368–69, 373
Nazi control of, 56
size of, 24
SS divisions of, 255–56
superiority of, 123, 347, 373, 403
tanks in, 69–74, 88, 98, 108, 193–94, 243, 252, 265, 283, 285, 288–89, 328; see also panzer division
underestimation of, 236
war of movement strategy of, 71, 74, 163, 167–68, 173, 210, 214, 234, 252–53, 294, 326, 328–29
German Navy:
Hitler’s lack of interest in, 122–23
U-boats and E-boats in, 394
Gestapo, 31
Black Book of, 58
brutality of, 242, 336
ghettoization, 56
Gibraltar, 332
Gilbert, Martin, 61, 80n, 460
Giraud, Henri, 162, 192, 202
Gish, Lillian, 231
Gleiwitz, Silesia, 42
Glenn Martin bombers, 206
Gloucester, Prince Henry, Duke of, chargers of, 283
Goebbels, Joseph, 355, 365n, 432
Goldman, Emma, 302
Gone with the Wind, 182n, 314–15, 357
Goodrich, Mrs. A., 417
Göring, Hermann, 35–36, 38, 40, 41, 43, 51, 59, 88, 210, 288, 299, 369, 381
perceived as “good” face of Nazism, 39–40
as commander in chief of BEF, 84–88, 92–93, 95, 104–6, 109, 113, 155, 157, 160–63, 176–77, 180, 188, 199, 202–4, 208, 226, 247, 249–51, 254, 256–57, 261–64, 283, 286, 292–93, 403
in Dunkirk evacuation, 306, 322–23, 329, 335, 337, 340, 351, 372, 394, 398–99, 422
Hore-Belisha humiliated by, 104
ordered to return home, 402, 413, 421, 423
Grafton, HMS, 386
Grahame, Kenneth, 389
Grand Quartier Général (GQG), 154, 178, 180, 198, 215, 223, 245, 265, 269, 306, 353, 381
BEF placed under, 162
Churchill’s meeting with, 259–63
Great Depression, 24
Greenwood, Arthur, 47, 48, 49, 139, 364
Gristock, George, 270–71
Guderian, Heinz, 70–73, 97–98, 101–2, 167, 172–74, 175, 178, 202, 210–12, 215, 216, 220, 252, 257–58, 261n, 277, 287–89, 295–97, 431
Guernica, bombing of, 180
Guernica (Picasso), 383, 383
Gun Drill for Q. F. 25pr, 380
guns:
disablement of one’s own, 380
use of term, 362n
Gwynne-Browne, Arthur, BEF crisis documented by, 266–69, 382–83
Hague Convention (1899, 1907), 349
Halder, Franz, 96–97, 96, 98, 99–102, 252, 253–54, 258, 287, 290, 296, 298–99, 369, 381, 431
Halifax, Lord, 10n, 32, 36, 41, 67, 127, 299n
appeasement stance of, 38–44
considered as replacement for PM, 136, 138–41, 143–44
negotiated peace sought by, 334–36, 352–53, 363–67, 369, 394–95, 425, 426, 432
reassignment of, 432
retained by Churchill, 151
Hamilton, Lady, 280
Hamlet (Shakespeare), 59n
Harrow, 244
Heinkel 111 bombers, 235
Hemingway, Ernest, 283n
Henderson, Nevile, 38–41, 38
war ultimatum delivered by, 49–51
Hendon, Musgrove home at, 308–10, 359
Henry V, king of England, 261
Henry VIII, king of England, 279, 282
Heydrich, Reinhard, 42
Himmler, Gudrun, 255
Himmler, Heinrich, 255, 255, 338, 350
Hindenburg, Field Marshal and President von, 72–73
Hine, Anne, 437
Hitchcock, Alfred, 358
Hitler, Adolf, 3, 30, 32, 40, 56, 69, 72, 83, 88, 122, 164, 165, 192, 210, 252, 254, 258, 274, 287, 350, 365n
age of, 125n
as ambivalent on invasion of Britain, 431
belligerent style of, 39–40
bodyguard of, 164–65
British war ultimatum to, 49–51
Chamberlain’s misassessment of, 10–12, 36, 47
Churchill’s firm stand against, 13
concessions to, 7–8
conquest of France as goal of, 431
control factor in, 357
daily routine of, 253–54
death of, 62
in decision to halt panzer advance to Dunkirk, 295–96
escalating aggression of, 43–45, 141–42
generals’ relationship with, 298–300
geopolitical mission of, xiv, 11, 288, 317, 334, 431–32
as military strategist, 96–97, 102, 253–54, 290, 298–300
Mussolini and Italy dismissed by, 335
nervous crisis of, 287–89
radio broadcasts of, 78
reluctance to challenge, 28–29, 36
revenge motive of, 219
Ribbentrop favored by, 35–36
Stalin’s pact with, 15–19, 34
in WWI, 96–97
Hitler Youth, 165, 166
Hoare, Samuel, 128, 138, 142, 432
Holding, Robert, 385
Hollywood:
Korda family’s move to, 77, 358, 456–57, 459
movie industry in, xiv, 15, 51, 59–60, 77, 154, 231, 310, 315, 319, 357, 359, 456
Holman, Clifford, 434
Holy Fox, The (Roberts), 138
Home Civil Service, 128
“homing pigeons,” use of term, 358
Hood, HMS, 123
Hore-Belisha, Leslie, 67–68, 84, 84, 86
misjudgments and demotion of, 103–8
Horne, Alistair, 80n, 169, 216, 460
horrors of war, 212–13, 235, 237–38, 240–42, 265, 283, 346
horses:
in battle areas, 324, 380
dead, 376
vs. motorized vehicles, 101, 168, 229, 243, 288–89
Horthy, Miklós, 5, 13, 13, 58–59, 317
hospital ships, 340, 376, 404
shelling of, 417, 429–30
Hôtel de la Boueé, Plage de la Garoupe, Cap d’Antibes, 1, 5
Hoth, Herman, 167
Hourigan, Lance-Corporal, 373n
House of Commons, 28, 37, 67, 458
Churchill’s speech on Dunkirk delivered to, 447–49
in opposition to Chamberlain as PM, 124–45
Poland and war debate in, 46–50, 60
House of Lords, 140
“How to stop a tank” (Connolly), 354–55
Hungarian cook, 53
Hurricanes, 109, 117–18, 190, 412, 415
Ijmuiden, 339
Illustrated London News, 19
Imperial War Museum, London, 316
inadequate coordinator of three Allied armies, as Billotte, Gaston, 185–86
indirect warfare, 68
Infanterie greift an (Infantry Attacks; Rommel), 164
infantry:
air support for, 173–74
tank support for, 73, 101, 166, 211, 213, 236n
warfare, 346–47
infantry tanks, 69, 254–55
intercoms, 70
iron mines, 116, 117
Ironside, Edward “Tiny,” 84–85, 93, 103–6, 120–21, 142, 203, 204, 207–8, 246, 262–63, 292–93
replaced, 330–31
Isle of Man, 340, 408
Isle of Man Steam Packet Company, 305, 369, 372, 386
Isle of Wight, 81, 220
Ismay, Hastings, 127, 191, 192n, 195, 292, 414
Italy, 42, 332
attempts to dissuade entrance into WWII by, 332, 334–35
as hostile to France, 24, 449
pro-German stance of, 214
Jackson, Thomas J. “Stonewall,” 71, 167
Jani (terrier), 52
Japan, U.S. attacked by, 462
Jenkins, Roy, 67
“Jerico Trumpets,” 193, 235
“jerrycans,” 328–29
Jersey Islands, 412
Jews, 25, 152, 184
Arabs and, 64
bias against, 36, 68, 104, 106, 206
Korda family revealed to be, 15, 152
Nazi persecution of, 13–16, 14, 56, 179, 240–42
Polish, 56
Joan of Arc, 207
Jodl, Alfred, 99
Joffre, Joseph, 296–97, 308
John of Gaunt (character), 282
Ju 52 transport planes, 119, 328
Ju 87 Stuka dive-bombers, 55–56, 74, 109, 187, 193, 234–36, 279, 323, 326
Jungle Book, 57, 77, 154
Kadavergehorsan (obedience of a corpse), 256n
Kaiserschlacht, 72, 87, 308
Keitel, General, 253
Keith, HMS, 285–86
Kennedy, John F., 152, 223
Kennedy, Joseph, Jr., 223
Kennedy, Joseph P.:
appeasement and isolationist sentiments of, 152–53, 222–23, 432
as U.S. ambassador to England, 152–53, 222–23, 223, 225, 332, 432
Kennedy, Rose, 153
Keyes, Roger, 99, 129–30, 129, 143, 247, 249, 303, 331
King, Mackenzie, 459
Kingsley Wood, Howard, 60, 61, 67, 142
Kipling, Rudyard, 114, 422
Kleist, Ewald von, 158, 173–74, 173, 210–11, 242, 257, 268, 274, 282, 289, 312
Kluge, General von, 257
Knöchlein, Fritz, 349
Korda, Alexander, 14–15, 188, 307, 320
Churchill’s friendship with, 5, 15, 77, 151–54, 357–58, 456
experience in Germany of, 317, 319
family dominance by, 5, 12–13, 18, 57–58, 75, 154, 355–56, 459
knighthood of, 76, 358
in motion picture industry, xiv, 4, 12, 18, 75–77, 151, 153–54, 181–84, 220, 222, 314, 315, 317–18, 355–58, 453, 456–57
Korda, David, 58
Korda, Gertrude, 7, 13, 15n, 25, 57, 59–60, 183
cheerfulness and optimism of, 5, 8, 54, 220, 320, 438, 453
divorce of, 459
as Francophile, 399–400
theater career of, xiv, 52, 58, 75, 77, 220, 225, 308, 310, 359, 435, 455
in troop support, 435–38
Korda, Michael, childhood of, xiii, 4–8, 12, 18–19, 23, 25–26, 30–31, 51–54, 58–60, 75–76, 80n, 81–82, 154, 180, 198, 220, 225, 279, 299–400, 435–38, 453, 455, 457–60
Korda, Vincent, 4–7, 12–15, 17–18, 25, 51–52, 54, 180, 183, 225, 279, 307, 317, 319
divorce of, 459
Hungarian background of, 4–5, 57, 183, 310, 313, 355, 359
as motion picture set designer and art director, xiv, 4, 14, 18, 20, 29–30, 29, 57, 59, 75, 183–84, 219–20, 314–16, 355–58, 453, 455–56
and Musgroves, 308–10, 314
secret Jewish ethnicity of, 15
Korda, Zoltan, 307, 317, 359
death of, 15n
in motion picture industry, xiv, 4, 77, 184
Kristallnacht, 42
Kun, Béla, 58
Labour Party, 136, 139, 141, 411, 436
Lady Rosebery, 417–18
La Falaise, Henry de, 228, 231–34, 236–44, 265–66, 324, 327–28, 379–80, 404–6, 415–17
La Falaise, Loulou de, 232n
La Ferté, 162
Lanquetot, General, 283, 285–86
Laon, 215–16
La Panne, BEF headquarters in, 372, 372, 387–88, 398, 402, 404–6, 423, 428
Laperouse, Commander de, 423
Latyn Forest Massacre, 56
Laudania, HMS, 420
Launders, Joan, 437
Lawrence, T. E., 152
Lawrence of Arabia, 152, 418
Lax, Henry, 13
League of Nations, 31
Lean, David, 152
Le Havre, 249–50, 281
Leicester “Tigers,” 375, 381
Leigh, Vivien, 77, 219, 357, 457
Lens, 207, 247
Lenya, Lotte, 317
Leopold II, king of Belgium, 204
Leopold III, king of Belgium, 89, 91, 90, 91, 94–95, 99, 143, 160–63, 172, 177, 247–49, 331, 363
pessimism of, 251, 261
Le Paradis, massacre at, 349
Levine, Joshua, 113–14
Liane River, 284
Liberal Party, 141
Liddell Hart, B. H., 68–70, 101, 168
Life, 19, 354
“light dragoons,” 229
Lightoller, Charles H., 340, 392–93
Lindbergh, Charles, 9
Lindemann, Frederick, 63, 142, 414
Lion Has Wings, The, 153–54, 153
Lipski, Józef, 33
Litvinov, Ivy, 16
Litvinov, Maxim, 16–17
Lloyd George, David, 12, 36, 44, 61, 124, 125, 195n, 299n, 355n
oratorical attack on Chamberlain by, 134–35
LM&S Railway, 436
Loerzer, Bruno, 174
London, 57, 319, 357, 436
anticipated but unrealized initial German bombing raid on, 28–30, 53–54, 58, 59, 78, 82, 457
Blitz, 450–51
bombing of, 358
Londonderry, Marquis of, 36
London Films studios:
at Denham, 12, 15, 57, 75–77, 152, 182, 219, 355–57
European, 183, 316
finances of, 183
London Gazette, 270
Loos Canal, 324
Lord of the Rings, The (Tolkien), 226
Los Angeles, 319, 357
Louvain, 185, 234, 237–39
Louvain, University of, library burned at, 95, 234
Low, David, 58, 107–8
Low, Nanny, 7, 23, 25–26, 52, 53, 58, 81, 180, 198, 225, 278, 279, 308, 358, 360, 457
Low Countries:
Allied confusion in initial German advance into, 154–62
initial German invasion of, see Fall Gelb
planned attack on, 74, 96, 116
see also specific countries
Luce, Clare Boothe, 178–79, 179, 220
Luce, Henry, 178
Ludendorff offensive (Kaiserschlacht; 1918), 72, 87, 308
Luftwaffe, 28, 38, 43, 98, 173–74, 190, 298, 317
attacks on small boats by, 394, 430
control of the air by, 262, 326–28, 429–30
devastating attacks by, 234–36, 239–40, 327–28, 353
losses of, 218
overreliance on, 369, 381, 429
RAF compared to, 446
refugees attacked by, 156–58
Luxembourg, German invasion of, 142, 155–56, 167
Lynn, Vera, 304n
Lys River, 185, 249, 251, 271, 274
Maastricht, 157, 161
Macmillan, Harold, 130
Maginot Line, 19–22, 19, 20, 21, 34, 88, 157, 210–11, 213, 215, 216, 288, 297, 403, 413, 444
as example of fixed strategy failure, 329
fall of, 224, 226
magnetic mines, 342n
Malakand Field Force, 66
Malmedy, massacre at, 350
Malta, 332
Mandel, Georges, 206
Mann, Ned, 315
Manstein, Erich von, 72–73, 83, 97–98, 100–102, 142, 172, 252, 287, 296, 302
Manteuffel, Hasso, 73
Margesson, David, 37, 132, 132, 135, 138–39, 141, 333, 449
Margesson, Gay, 333
Marius (Pagnol play and film), 18
Markham, Beryl, 283n
Marlborough, Duke of, 67, 239
Marne, Battle of the, 94, 296, 308, 400
“Marseillaise, La,” 400
Mary, queen of England, 238, 461
Mary, queen of England “Bloody Mary,” 279, 282
massacres, by SS, 349–50, 351
Massey Shaw, 417
“Mass Observation,” 450
Matilda Infantry tanks, 250n, 254–56
mechanized warfare, 214, 216, 227
Mediterranean, Mussolini’s demands in, 332
Medway Queen “the Heroine of Dunkirk,” 340
Mein Kampf (Hitler), 56
Menzies, Stuart “Jock,” 15
Menzies, William Cameron “Jock,” 314–15
Messerschmitts, 159
Metcalfe, Peter, 111n
Meuse River, 88, 100, 156, 157, 161, 175, 181, 198, 219, 234, 243, 287, 327, 339
French retreat at, 174, 177–78, 312, 345
Rommel’s crossing of, 164–75, 164, 177
Mézières, 176, 188
MI6 (SIS), 15, 77, 86, 316, 356
Midway Queen, 409
Mikado, The, 138
mines, minefields, 342, 371, 390, 416, 419
minesweepers, minesweeping, 305, 313, 339, 376, 407, 416, 421, 431
Ministry of Information, 106, 151, 154, 224, 277, 353–54, 358, 430, 450
Moholy-Nagy, László, 30
Mola, Emilio, 327n
Molnár, Ferenc, 15
Molotov, Vyacheslav M., 16–17, 17
Mona’s Isle, SS, 369
Mona’s Queen, SS, 282, 371, 386
Mons, 185, 198
Mons, Battle of, 229
Montgomery, Bernard L., 73, 112–13, 112, 121, 343, 422, 444
Montry, 162
Moore, John, 263
More, Charles, 373n
Morocco, British Navy’s sinking of French ships in, 449
Morris armored cars, 229–30, 230, 380n
Morrison, Herbert, 131, 133
Morton, Desmond, 414
Mosley, Diana Mitford, 365n
Mosley, Oswald, 365, 365
Most, Lieutenant, 256
“Motor-boat Census,” 302
motorcycle divisions, 171, 235–36, 238, 273, 291, 382
dispatch delivery by, 267
as replacement for horses, 168
motor yachts, employed in Dunkirk evacuation, 417–19
Munich Conference (1938), 3, 8–10, 19, 34, 37, 47, 64, 121, 151, 334, 449
Munster, Earl of, 400
Musgrove, Annie, 308–10, 314
Musgrove, Octavius “Ockie,” 308–13, 359
Mussolini, Benito, 3, 35
aggressive stance of, 24
death of, 62
intention to enter WWII of, 334–35
Mediterranean demands of, 332, 334
misguided attempts at peace negotiations through, 38, 42, 44, 50, 293, 299n, 334–35, 364, 366, 432
NAAFI (Navy, Army, and Air Force Institutes), 111, 113, 384, 410, 410
Napoleon, 96, 141, 211, 227, 253, 261n, 280, 284, 305, 324
Narvik, Norway, 117, 118, 120
National Day of Prayer, 329–30
National Gallery, treasures removed for safekeeping from, 426, 427
national government, 139
defined, 136
National Union of Conservatives and Unionist Associations, 121
NATO, 248
Naval Signal School, 303
Navy, U.S., 303
Nazi Germany, xiv, 68
brutality of, 13, 91, 155
Churchill’s characterization of, 225
collaboration with, 123
film industry’s exodus from, 319
German culture and people vs., 317, 319
incursions into Europe of, 5, 8, 10–11, 31–33, 36, 38–45, 46–51
lack of reason in, 317
nonaggression pact between Russia and, 15–19, 17, 34, 85–86
racial fanaticism of, 347–48
staged incidents to initiate war by, 42–43
wartime aggression of, 93
Nelson, Lord, 130, 173, 219, 280, 314, 357, 457
Netherlands:
German attack on, 141–43, 155–58, 159, 160, 162, 172, 288
German threat to, 116
neutrality of, 88–89, 93–95
royal family and treasures of, 339
surrender of, 180–81, 192, 234, 236, 394, 431
neutrality:
defined, 122n
strategic problems of, 93
see also specific countries
New Medway Steam Packet Company, 409
New York, N.Y., 15, 357
New York Times, 10
Nicholson, C. N., 291, 293–95
Nicolson, Harold, 59, 64, 79, 80, 125, 132n, 133, 137, 151, 448
Nicolson, Nigel, 444
Nieuport, 373, 376, 377–78, 387
“Night of the Long Knives,” 299, 348
Nivelle, General, 205n
NKVD (later KGB), 56
Nobel Peace Prize, 11n
Nobel Prize in Literature, 62
Normandy, invasion of, 303
North Africa, invasion of, 303
Northumberland, 9th Duke of, 200
Norway, 116, 119, 121
German invasion of, 119–20, 120, 122–23, 124–29, 138
neutrality of, 117, 122
Norwich, John Julius, 460–61
nurses, 418, 431
Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), 99, 253
Oberkommando des Heeres (OKH; German Army High Command), 96, 253, 274, 288, 350
Oberon, Merle, xiv, 59–60, 76, 77, 153–54, 153, 456
“odds and sods” (Line of Communications troops), 323
Official Military History of the Second World War, 156
Oliver, Vic, 58
Olivier, Gerard, 319
Olivier, Laurence, 53, 77, 219, 357, 419, 457
Omdurman, Battle of (1898), 64, 413
Operation Dynamo, see Dunkirk evacuation
Operation Pied Piper, 30, 75, 75, 78–82, 220, 457–61
overseas evacuations in, 30, 80, 451, 457–61
termination of, 461
Operation Wilfred, 120–23
opinion polls, 450
Osborne, John, 389–92
Other Ranks (enlisted men), 104
Out of Africa (Dineson), 283n
Oxford, 333
Pagnol, Marcel, 18
Palmerston, Henry, 449
Pan American “Clipper,” 77
panzer divisions, 69, 73–74, 101, 142, 158, 202, 210–13, 216, 236n, 246, 252, 254–57, 261, 264, 268, 285, 287, 288–89, 291, 295–96, 345, 444
halt order for, 246, 258, 295–300, 368–69, 373
Seventh, 165–75, 188, 255
Panzergruppe von Kleist, 210–12, 236n, 252, 268, 274, 287, 288, 312
Paris, 18, 25, 29, 57, 90, 125, 232, 286, 319
ambiance of, 179
fall of, 441
hope to defend, 403, 413, 440
planned evacuation of, 191
presumed threat to, 160, 174, 178–79, 184, 188, 191, 194, 260, 333
Supreme War Council meetings in, 188–95, 198, 412–15
taxicabs as troop transport in, 297
Vincent Korda’s second family in, 183
Parker, Nanny, 58
Pearl Harbor, attack on, xiii, 51
Pennies from Heaven, 310
Perinal, Georges, 184
Périnal, Georges, 320
Pétain, Philippe, 21, 91, 205, 214–15, 247, 308
collaboration government of, 424
as deputy premier, 204–7, 331, 414–15
Peynaud, Paul, 121
Philby, Harold “Kim,” 85–86, 180
phoney war, early, inactive period of WWII known as, 55–74, 78, 80, 84, 96, 99, 103, 110–11, 115, 116, 180, 182
Picasso, Pablo, 383, 383
Picture Post, 15
pillbox controversy, 104–7
Pim, Richard, 396
Pioneers, 113
Plan, D, 2–4, 88–90, 93–95, 142, 155, 161–63, 185, 191, 228, 236, 302
Plunkett-Ernle-Erle-Drax, Reginald Aylmer Ranfurly, 16
poison gas, 29
Poland, 7, 8, 10, 16, 23, 24, 31–34
British delayed support for, 43–45, 49–52
decimation and elimination of, 56, 60, 96, 367
German invasion of, 37–45, 47, 55–57, 73–74, 163, 166, 210
House debate over, 46–50
Polish Corridor, 31–35, 39–40
Ponting, Clive, 451n, 461
Porsche, Ferdinand, 69
Port Republic, Battle of (1862), 71
Portugal, neutrality of, 122n
Pownall, Henry, 87, 87, 109, 120–21, 155–56, 158, 160–63, 176, 180, 186, 200, 203, 207, 245–46, 245, 249–51, 259, 261–62, 267–69, 324, 329, 399–402
Prague, German seizure of, 27
Prague, SS, 393
Preminger, Otto, 319, 319
press:
optimistic Allied propaganda in, 180–81, 198–99, 218–19, 225, 278–80, 308, 320, 353–55, 398
political commentary in, 107–8
realistic war coverage by, 225, 277–78, 321, 430–31
war correspondents in, 85, 180
see also specific publications
press-gangs, 389
prisoners of war:
atrocities against, 211, 435, 461
camps, 349, 424, 435n, 445
French, 445, 461
prospective, 405
reality vs. films about, 435n
Pritchard, Jack, 361, 376
Private Life of Henry VIII, The, 58, 315n
propaganda:
British, 60–61, 77, 78, 180–81, 218–19, 308, 320, 353–55, 398
films, 77, 153–54, 183, 222, 357–58, 451, 456–57
French, 60, 181, 381, 398
improbable heroic stories in, 354–55
realism as replacement for presumptions of, 225–27, 321, 430–31
Vichy, 446
Prudential Life Insurance Company, film investment of, 76–77, 316
Prunier, 309
Prussia, 31, 100
public schools, British, 267
Put Out More Flags (Waugh), 78, 118
queuing, 404
Quisling, Vidkun, 122, 123
radar, 189–90, 332
Radical Party, French, 12n
radio:
declaration of war announced on, 51–54
portable, 51
see also British Broadcasting Corporation
railroads:
impassable, 243
luxurious, 22–23, 22, 25
troop transportation by, 435–36
underground in Maginot Line, 19–20, 20
Rainer, Louise, 15
Ramsay, Bertram, as vice-admiral Dover, 301–6, 301, 313, 337, 338–43, 360, 386, 386, 388, 406, 440, 443, 444
Ramsgate, 390, 392–93, 421, 435
rationing, 78
Rebecca, 358
Red Army, 34, 56
Stalin’s purge of, 117
Red Cross, 436
refugees:
British, 336
children, see Operation Pied Piper
civilian, 158–60, 162, 175, 200, 207, 212, 215, 231, 240–41, 243, 248, 258, 267
hardships and horrors of, 159–60, 212–13, 233, 265, 267–68, 271–72, 324, 375–76
Jewish, 13–15, 240–42
military, 200, 212, 215, 267
from Paris, 179
wealthy and privileged, 77, 80, 81
Reinhardt, General, 295
relations, mistrust in, 9
Revolt in the Desert (Lawrence), 152
Reynaud, Paul:
as French premier, 121, 121, 162, 176, 186, 188–89, 188, 191, 195–96, 203, 207, 247, 264, 286, 293, 306, 353, 364, 367, 395, 403, 413, 415, 429, 443
London meeting between Churchill and, 331–35, 337
mistress of, 126–27, 179, 196
political crisis for, 204–7
Rhinebeck, N.Y., 460n
Rhine River, 154
mining of, 126, 142
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 17, 17, 33–36, 35, 43, 50–51, 210, 288
diplomatic gaffes of, 35–36
Richard III (Shakespeare), 282
Richardson, Ralph, 53, 153
Riefenstahl, Leni, 317, 318
Road to Dunkirk, The (More), 373n
Roberts, Andrew, 138
Robertson, William, 121
Rodin, Auguste, 280, 281
Röhm, Ernst, 348
Roman Catholic Church, 113
Rommel, Erwin, 73, 164, 165, 274
in advance toward English Channel, 175, 176, 188–89, 212, 297
battle strategy of, 166–68, 171, 329
checked in Battle of Arras, 253–57
French counterattack on, 170–71
Meuse crossing of, 164–74, 175
Rommel, Lucia, 164, 297
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 63
Roosevelt, Franklin, 460n
age of, 125n
Allied appeals for help from, 222, 225–27, 364, 367
Churchill’s secret correspondence with, 67, 332
control factor in, 357
death of, 62, 67
Rothenberg, Colonel, 212
Rotterdam, bombing of, 180
“Routes Y and Z,” 313, 342
“Route X,” 342
Royal Air Force (RAF), 67, 78, 87, 113, 198, 234, 262, 278–79, 286, 317, 320, 356, 418
declining effectiveness of and confidence in, 327
in Dunkirk evacuation, 337
Fighter Command of, 26, 60–61, 429, 441
French demands for support from, 161, 188, 189, 192–95, 264, 331, 352, 402–3, 413, 440, 444–45
highest loss rate of, 198
independence and autonomy of, 109
Luftwaffe compared to, 446
mobilization of, 38
needed for Battle of Britain, 441
as part of British defense system, 189–90, 194–95, 332
propaganda for, 181–82
resentment of troops toward, 402
withdrawal of, 323
Royal Eagle, 401
Royal Irish Fusiliers, 271–74, 272
“Royal Marine,” 126
Royal Military Police, 343
Royal Navy Volunteer Reserve, 389, 391
Royal Navy War College, 303
Royal Norfolk Regiment, massacre of, 348–49
Royal Primrose Soap Factory, 389
Rózsa, Miklós, 184
Rundstedt, Gerd von, 97–98, 211, 257–58, 258, 289, 297, 299, 300, 350
Sabu, 184
Sackville-West, Vita, 59, 79, 447–48
Saint Laurant, Yves, 232n
Samson and Delila, 314
sanitation, French indifference toward, 110
“sappers” (Royal Engineers), 363, 373
Scandinavia, 116–23
Schirach, Baldur von, 165, 166
Schlag, defined, 355n
Schlieffen Plan, 21, 96
Schmidt, Paul, 50–51
Schmundt, Colonel, 274
Schrecklichkeit (frightfulness), 80, 233
Scoop (Waugh), 36, 354
sea travel, 77
Sebag-Montefiore, Hugh, 345
2nd Irish Guards, 282–86
2nd Welsh Guards, 282–86
Second World War, The (W. Churchill), 62
Sedan:
French retreat from, 268
German advance to, 100, 142, 153, 161, 167, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 176, 178, 193, 198–99, 239
Seine River, 250, 400
Selznick, David O., 315
Senne River and Canal, 185, 200
Serre River, 215–16
Shaw, George Bernard, 16
“shell shock,” 419
Shenandoah Valley Campaign (1862), 71
Shikari, HMS, 444
Sichelschnitt (“sickel cut”) strategy, 100
Sicherheitsdienst, 42, 242
Sicily, invasion of, 303
Simon, John, 128, 138
Simpson, Mrs., see Windsor, Duchess of
SIS (Secret Intelligence Service), 356
skiing, 118
small ships mission, 227, 279–396, 311, 354, 369, 400, 429, 433
advance planning for, 301–6
boats lost and sunk in, 240n, 371, 386, 419, 421, 429–30, 442, 443
census and initial call for, 302, 307–8, 339, 388, 392
civilian sailors recruited for, 388–94, 419, 421
embarkation in, 385–87, 403–4, 407, 416, 442–43
hazards of, 341–42, 392–93, 405–7, 410, 416–21, 429–30
improvised departures in, 434–35
lack of communication in, 406
Musgrove’s neighbor’s boat in, 310–13
populist appeal of, 451–52
route of, 371
varied array of vessels employed in, 316, 340, 376–77, 386–94, 401, 417–21, 430, 439, 453
Small Vessels Pool, 388
Smith, Basil, 420–21
SOE (Special Operations Executive), 356
Somme River, 96, 142, 217, 227, 246, 262, 271, 288, 293, 323, 367, 402, 440, 444
Soviet Union, 12, 24, 33, 72, 213–14, 317
entrance into WWII of, 462
espionage by, 85–86
in Finland, 116–18
German invasion of, 361, 462
nonaggression pact between Germany and, 15–19, 17, 34, 85–86
Poland divided between Germany and, 56
Spaak, Paul-Henri, 248
Spain, 331
neutrality of, 122n, 205
Spanish Armada, 282
Spanish Civil War, 69, 327n
Spears, Edward, 25, 91, 93, 126n, 131, 135, 137, 286, 306, 402–3, 414–15
“Spirit of Dunkirk”:
as legacy of evacuation, 439, 450–52, 460–62
vs. reality, 383–84, 451–52
Spitfires, 190
Spring, Gordon, 362
SS, 31
brutality of, 42, 56, 347–50
SS Death’s Head Division, 255
SS Division Leibstandarte Adolf Hitler, 349–50
SS Reichssicherheitsdienst, 165
SS Totenkopf, 255–57, 347–49
Stalin, Joseph, 61, 62, 116, 118
control factor in, 357
Hitler’s pact with, 15–19, 17, 34
Stanley, Oliver, 106–7, 107
Stein, Gertrude, 266, 382
Stewart, Graham, 9
Strait of Dover, 280, 281
Strakosch, Henry, 151, 152
Sudetenland, 8, 31, 41
Suez, 332
Sundowner, 340, 392–93
Supreme War Council, 121, 125–26
Paris meetings of, 188–95, 188, 412–15
Swanson, Gloria, 228, 231
Swayne, General, 223
Sweden, neutrality of, 116, 117, 120, 122n
Switzerland, neutrality of, 122n
Tamzine, 316
tanks:
development and strategic use of, 68–74, 101, 214–15, 257
psychological impact of, 252
Teddington, 310–11, 313, 389
Tehran summit (1943), 61
telephones, 359
television, 451
experimental, 52
in today’s news coverage, 398, 455
Temple, Shirley, 310
Temps, Le, 181
Tennant, W. G., 343–44, 343, 367, 369, 372, 376–77, 381, 386–87, 404, 406, 409, 443
Territorial divisions (BEF), 108, 262, 347
regular vs., 113–14
Thames River, 310–11, 333, 389, 401, 417
That Hamilton Woman, 77, 152, 154, 219–20, 219, 222, 314–16, 357–58, 456, 457
Thief of Baghdad, The, 57, 77, 154, 182–84, 219, 314, 316, 456
international cast and crew of, 184
Things to Come, 20, 29–30, 29, 314
“Thin Red Line, The,” 147
38(t) tanks, 166
Third Man, The, 315n
Thoma, Ritter von, 300
Thompson, W. H., 144, 145
Tilbury, 282, 390
Time, 178
Times (London), 30, 85, 133, 154, 180–81, 198, 218, 278, 302, 307, 312, 320, 353, 354, 430, 452
Titanic, RMS, 340, 392
Tolkien, J. R. R., 226
To Lose a Battle (Horne), 169
Tournai, 242, 270
“Tout va très bien, Madame la Marquise,” 7–8
Trafalgar, Battle of, 206
special effects in film version of, 314
Trevor-Roper, Hugh, 56
trick photography (special effects), 314–15
Trinder, Tommy, 421
Trondheim Fjord, 130
Trout, The (restaurant), 333
Truppenamt, 71
tugboats, in Dunkirk evacuation, 393–94
TWA DC-3, 77
12th (Prince of Wales Own) Lancers, 228–32, 234, 236–37, 239, 242, 245, 265, 377–78, 380, 404, 415
20th Guards Brigade, 282–85
Udet, Ernst, 317, 318
une chapelle, defined, 70
United Artists, 77, 316, 456
United States:
British children evacuated to, xiii, 30, 80, 457
Churchill’s appeals for help from, 221–26
entrance into WWII of, 222, 328, 448, 449, 462
isolationism of, 242, 317
neutrality of, 24, 73–74, 122n, 154, 214, 331
refugees in, 80, 451
WWI weapons stored in, 426
Unternehmen Weserübung (invasion of Denmark and Norway), 119–20
van Overstraeten, General, 160–61, 248–49
Vansittart, Robert, 181–82, 182, 183, 364
Veit, Conrad, 184
venereal disease, 111–13
Verdun, Battle of, 21, 204–5, 214, 308, 414
Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 31, 47, 72, 195n
Vers l’Armée de Métier (de Gaulle), 68–69
Vial, Micheline, 5, 7
Vial, Monsieur, 5, 7, 12, 17–18
Victoria, queen of England, 95n, 189
Vienna, 13–14, 438
Vincennes, 161, 171–72, 194, 215, 353
Churchill’s meeting with GQG in, 259–63
Volkswagen, 69–70
Waffen SS units, 255, 348–50
Wahagnies, 204
Wakefield, HMS, 340n
Wakeful, HMS, 386
War and France and Flanders, The, 1939–1940, 271
War Cabinet, 78, 121, 207, 245–46, 269, 446
Churchill in, 61–68, 99, 117, 119, 142, 186, 194–95, 227, 263, 271, 292, 329, 333–37, 352, 394
debate over French surrender in, 441
division within, 335–36, 351–53, 363–67, 369, 394–95, 425
war crimes, 350
“War Directive No. 1,” 33
Waterloo, Battle of, 209, 219, 229, 239, 384
Watts, O. M., Navigation School of, 389
Waugh, Evelyn, 26, 78, 118, 266n, 354
weather:
British early summer, 434–55
as hazard in Dunkirk evacuation, 417
as strategic factor, 97, 99–100, 110, 110, 117–18
Wedgewood, J. C., 130
Wedgwood, Josiah, 448
Wellington, Duke of, 209, 219, 384, 402
Wells, H. G., 16, 20, 52, 54, 58, 59, 82
Well Walk, Hampstead, London:
bombing of, 358
Korda home at, 13, 27, 31, 75, 82, 198, 220, 355, 399, 453, 454, 455
West, Rebecca, 58
Westland Lysanders, 109
West with the Night (Markham), 283n
Weygand, General, as commander in chief of Allied armies, 197, 204–8, 211, 247–51, 260–64, 270, 277, 282, 286, 291, 293, 297, 301, 308, 323, 335, 353, 381, 400, 402–3, 440, 445
Weygand Plan, 247–51, 338
White Cliffs of Dover, 280, 280, 301, 304, 338, 417, 461
White Terror, 5, 58
Wilde, Oscar, 280
Wilder, Billy, 319
Wilhelm II, Kaiser, 89, 94, 142–43
Wilhelmina, queen of the Netherlands, 99
Wilson, Horace, 128, 128, 150
Wind in the Willows, The (Grahame), 389
Windsor, Duke of, 36, 66, 138, 299n, 432
Windsor, Duchess of, 36, 138–39
Wizard of Oz, The, 182n, 314n
Wolseley, Cardinal, 150
women:
in British armed forces, 190
in evacuation, 417, 418
as nurses, 418
supportive role of, 409–10, 410, 435–38
Women, The (Boothe), 178
Women’s Auxiliary Air Force (WAAF), 190
Women’s Volunteer Service, 436, 452
Woolf, Virginia, 58
Worcester, HMS, 393
World War I, 34, 92, 118, 120, 134, 143, 178, 185, 207, 213, 227, 229, 231, 234, 238, 239, 298, 346, 353, 387–88, 400, 406, 410, 438
Allied victory in, 72
Arras battle of, 253
BEF in, 87, 109, 198
Belgium’s role in, 94–95
British casualties in, 68, 345
British-French alliance in, 25
France in, 18, 65, 307, 316
German loss of, 12, 18, 72, 210
German war crimes in, 95
Hitler in, 96–97
honorary medals awarded in, 85, 95, 96, 166, 392, 422
military strategy in, 21
roots of WWII established in, 31
strategic errors of, 88–89
tank use in, 69
veterans of, 5, 7, 129–30, 166, 204–5, 214, 256, 286, 303, 309, 366, 414, 422
weapons in storage from, 426
WWII influenced by, 101–2, 173, 296–97, 326
World War II:
Britain’s declaration of war in, 49–54, 119
British Home Front in, 307–21
early, inactive period of, see phoney war
failed diplomatic attempts to avert, 27–45
honorary medals awarded in, 181, 271, 419, 420
initial aggressive moves in, 141–42, 154
prelude to and onset of, 1–145
preparations for, 27–45
roots of, 3–26
Wormhoudt, massacre at, 349–50
Wuthering Heights, 59, 357–58
XIX Panzer Corps, 167, 172–73
XV Panzer Corps, 167
York, Prince Frederick, Duke of, nursery rhyme about, 200–201
Yorkshire, 81, 220
Ypres, 185, 198
Allied strategy meeting at, 247–51, 260, 270
fall of, 260
Yser River, 249
Zola, Emile, 369n
Zuckmayer, Carl, 317