Chapter Notes

Prologue

Description of Eagles’ return to cabin, confrontation at Rattlers’ cabin over missing knives, breaking up of fight and dialogue based on Sherif’s notes from Muzafer and Carolyn Wood Sherif Papers, Archives of the History of American Psychology, The Drs Nicholas and Dorothy Cummings Center for the History of Psychology, The University of Akron (MCWS Papers), and from Sherif et al.’s book about Robbers Cave, 1988; men’s reaction and pulling boys apart, Will’s thoughts, family background from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Sherif’s description of ‘wicked, vicious’ youngsters taken from Sherif, M & Sherif, CW, 1969, p. 254.

1: Tangled Beginnings

Description of trip from Oklahoma, arrangements with buses, and set-up of experiment from Sherif et al., 1988 and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; manipulation and trickery in Milgram’s experiment from Nicholson, 2011; Sherif converting Soloman Asch to social psychology from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; Sherif’s Washington Post article, 1969; filmmaker approaching Sherif, MCWS papers; Lepore’s comment about social psychological research from Lepore, 2011; description of Happy Valley camp and boys from Rohrer and Sherif, 1951, and quote ‘lined up on opposite sides of the mess hall’, p. 418.

2: In the Wild

William Golding’s experiment from Carey, 2009; Mary Northway quote from Wall, 2008, p. 79; history of summer camps from Van Slyck, 2006; involvement of psychologists in summer camps and ‘quickly set to work’ from Doty, 1960, p.145; account of therapeutic camps from Gass, et al., 2012; Nazi summer camps from Weeks, 2015 and Hiltzik, 2014; Yale’s Attitude Change Program from Simpson, 1994; ‘libido’ quote from letter S Flowerman to M Sherif, 9 Dec 1948; ‘one whit to their elimination’ quote from letter M Sherif to S Flowerman, 15 Dec 1948; Lippit’s invitation to Sherif, MCWS Papers; ‘happiness of their campers’ quote from Herald Tribune Fresh Air Fund camp counsellors training manual, 1948, from MCWS Papers; letters to ministers, letters to parents for 1949 and 1953 studies, from MCWS Papers; description of 1953 camp for parents from ‘Camp Information Bulletin’, Rockefeller Foundation Papers, 1.2, Series 200S, Box 590, Folder 5051.

3: Lost and Found

Descriptions of Little Albert experiment, John Watson, and Rosalie Rayner from Chamberlin, 2012, Harris, 1979, and Powell et al., 2014; finding Douglas Merritte from Beck, Levinson, and Irons, 2009; conclusion that Watson knew the baby was neurologically impaired and hid the knowledge from Fridlund, Beck, Goldie, and Irons, 2012; new ‘myth’ in psychology texts from Powell et al., 2014; ‘… since Little Albert was not a healthy child’ quote from Levy, 2013; conclusion that Albert was a baby called Albert Barger from Powell et al.; Sherif’s footnotes about the abandoned 1953 study from Cherry, 1995; history of Schenectady and The Plot from Blackwelder, 2014; Doug Griset background and quotes from interviews and correspondence with Griset, 2011–2017.

4: The Watchers

Description of campsite from photos in MCWS Papers; Sussman getting desperate from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 22 May 1953; feeling the full weight of responsibility from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 9 July 1953; biographical detail about Sussman at Yale and as ‘hardworking’ from Sussman, 2001; Sussman’s interest in working with Sherif from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 21 January 1953; Sherif fired pretty nurse who would be a distraction from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, n.d. from Box 3543.1 Series 2, Folder 1; ‘You must be able to imagine …’ quote from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, 7 May 1953; ‘Herculean’ quote from letter M Sherif to M Sussman, 9 July 1953; details on how subjects were selected from ‘Sample Selection’ report by M Sussman, 24 May 1954; summary of jobs done by workmen from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 26 May 1953; Kelman described as research consultant from ‘Staff Policy July 1953’; ‘burden of responsibility’ quote from letter M Sherif to C Hovland, 23 March 1953; Rockefeller Foundation grant details from ‘The Rockefeller Foundation Annual Report 1952’; forest fire to bring groups together from MCWS Papers; description of archery and dialogue reported in observer notes in MCWS Papers; Carper’s experience with ‘rat psychology’ from interviews with OJ Harvey and Professor Howie Becker, 2015; lunch menu from camp menu notes, MCWS Papers; Harold’s contentment at being alone, close observation of adults, persistence in asking questions, and suspicions about microphone in the rafters from observer notes; description of first day of camp, developing friendships, archery contests, activities in mess hall, boys playing tunes, and dialogue from observer notes, interviews, and personal correspondence with Tony Gianelli, 2014, Doug Griset, 2011–2017, Walt Burkhard, 2011–2017, and OJ Harvey, May 2010; instructions for observers prepared by Herbert Kelman from ‘General Orientation and Coordination of Research Plans for Participating Staff Members’, 23 July 1953, MCWS Papers; announcement of separation of groups from ‘Plan for Saturday July 25, Stage 2 Day 1 (whole day 3)’, MCWS Papers; change of plan on day two to compare boys in games from observer notes; separation of boys into two groups and boys’ reactions to separation from photos from MCWS Papers, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, and observer notes.

5: Initiation

Harold McDonough’s observations of men and not surprised at separation from observer notes, MCWS Papers; ‘pain of separation’ quote from Sherif’s observation notes; Mickey’s running away, the search for him, and ‘Please let me go home’ dialogue from observer notes; description of dayhikes from observer notes, physical description of setting and body language added; Sherif’s ‘feeling of belongingness’ and ‘personal identity’ quotes from ‘A Preliminary Experimental Study of Intergroup Behavior’, MCWS Papers; boys’ curiosity about other group and separation, pestering cook, and being told the other boys ‘were not to be interrupted’, from observer notes; dialogue between boys about spending prize money on rubbers, women, generated from reported conversation in observer notes; boys’ dialogue regarding having offended Ness added and based on Carper’s observation that boys were looking for ways they might have angered him; discussion of flag emblem, decision regarding lamp from observer notes, detail about setting added; boys’ curiosity about separation, conversations with cook from observer notes; boys’ attempt to see their friends from observer notes and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, reactions of three boys to being turned away added; Sussman fixing clocks at Union College from Sussman, 2001; Sussman and church service from observer notes; conversation between Jack White and boy concerned about swearing, and OJ’s initiation, from observer notes, interviews with Brian Kendall, May–Sept 2014; descriptions of three-night hike and conversations with boys from observer notes; description of White and Sherif and boys’ activities back at base camp from observer notes; arrival of flags, boys’ excitement, flag design and staff involvement, and provision of t-shirts and caps descriptions from observer notes and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; depantsing definition, Sacandaga Reservoir, strip poker, and playing on bomber plane from observer notes; argument over cooking, dialogue added based on observer notes; boy hiding and crying in bushes from observer notes; White’s mental comparison of potential leaders added, his identification of Doug as potential leader based on observer notes; Lake George camping trip, Carper taking charge, group meeting, and dialogue from observer notes, interview with Walt Burkhard, 6 June 2011; hotdog dinner and phone call to Sherif from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ESP conversation and talk of mothers from observer notes; Sherif’s visit to camp from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Doug waking counsellors from observer notes; conversation between Harold and Carper from observer notes; anxious conversation between research team from Sherif’s notebook, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010.

6: Showdown

Description of breakfast scene on morning of announcement added; Ness’ announcement and dialogue from audiotape A94, tape 13, MCWS Papers; ‘only the winning prize’ quote from Doug Griset interviews, July 2012; Sherif’s choice of knives as reward and boys’ dreams of them from letter M Sherif to C Hovland, n.d., MCWS Papers; sagging spirits of Carper’s group, observation of baseball game from observer notes, dialogue between boys during game added based on interviews with Tony Gianelli, February–July 2014, and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; threats and ‘don’t pay attention’ dialogue from observer notes; boys’ reactions when Doug hit and boys’ dialogue from observer notes; description of day two of tournament, including boys’ excitement over ‘mystery parcel’, discussion of Cobras or Pythons as group name, Carper’s ‘tussle’ with boys from observer notes; Sherif feeling stressed, sleeplessness, and drinking from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Sussman as conscientious objector from Sussman, 2001; ‘thick skin’ from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ‘for goodness sake’ from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, 29 July 1953; Sherif’s drafted reply ‘whole universe … whale of a project’ from letter M Sherif to C Sherif, n.d., MCWS Papers; Sherif prowling camp from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; burning fly from observer notes; frustration exercise and staff cutting flagpole rope from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; conversation between boys, Ness, and Sherif reported in observer notes; ‘This type of loyalty’ quote from Baker, 2007, p. 111; ‘cultural pattern of sportsmanship’ from Kelman and Carper, 1953; flagpole rope dialogue and swearing on Bible and flag based on audiotape, with addition of boys’ gestures and reactions inferred from audiotape A93, tape 14, MCWS Papers, observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Sherif adding events to tournament and boys’ suspicions from observer notes; conversation between Sherif, Kelman, and Doug on leaving camp from observer notes and Sherif’s notebook, MCWS Papers; tournament ‘rigged’ and boys’ attitude to Ness from observer notes; smearing table and laundry mix-up from observer notes; evidence of bullying in both groups from observer notes; difference in staff reactions to archery from observer notes; Sussman’s description of fraternisation, friendliness between boys in football game from observer notes; Carper spreading the ‘rumor’, confrontation between Sussman and Carper from Sussman’s observer notes; Carper’s later depiction of the experiment as a ‘joke’ from interview with Prof. Howard Becker, April 2015; Carper family background from interviews and emails with Hilda Carper, April 2015, Prof. Dirk Eitzen, April 2015, Prof. William Firestone, May 2015, Joe Springer (curator, Mennonite Historical Library), April 2015; ‘fellow at Yale’ quote from interview with Prof. Michael Lauderdale, September 2017; description of art and craft contest and trading of remarks from observer notes; reaction of boys to announcement of winners from observer notes; description of tent vandalisation, reaction of boys and staff from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, Kelman, H, ‘Supplementary Observations’, Thursday 6 August 1953, and interview with Prof. Herbert Kelman, July 2012, dialogue up to ‘come see’ added; dialogue ‘Do you see why’, ‘Laurence is no liar’, ‘Where were you?’ between boys reported in ‘Supplementary Observations’; dialogue between OJ and Kelman reported in ‘Supplementary Observations’; confrontation between Sherif and Sussman and Harvey’s intervention with block of wood from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ‘greedy vulture’ dialogue added based on Sussman’s account of why Sherif was angry with him from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 30 September 1954, MCWS Papers and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ‘Sussman was to go to Panthers’ tent and wreck it’ from observer notes; Sherif’s reaction and announcement that study was over from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; how men used remaining days and conversation between White, Harvey and Sherif about next study from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010.

7: The Robbers Cave

Driving incident with Sherif at the wheel from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; background on Herbert Kelman from Nicholasen, 2017; Sussman wanting to publish study from letter M Sussman to M Sherif, 30 September 1954, MCWS Papers; letter of complaint about Sherif’s study from Rockefeller Foundation to M Sherif, Rockefeller Foundation Papers, 1.2, Series 200S, Box 590, Folder 5049; ‘something of a disaster’ quote from letter L DeVinney to M Sherif, 28 December 1953; Sherif needing more time from M Sherif to L DeVinney, 31 January 1954, and news of a number of papers to be published from letter M Sherif to L DeVinney, 4 May 1954; Sherif’s book as manual for researchers from letter M Sherif to L DeVinney, 23 May 1952, Rockefeller Foundation Papers, 1.2, Series 200S, Box 590, Folder 5049; ‘well-received book’ quote from L DeVinney interoffice memo, 30 September 1954, Rockefeller Foundation Papers, 1.2, Series 200S, Box 590, Folder 5049; Sherif’s dismissal of Freudian psychology as a ‘failure’ from M Sherif, ‘A Preliminary Experimental Study of Group Relations’, MCWS Papers; Harvey’s dissertation, see Harvey, 1953; observing boys in playground from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; boys’ behaviour on bus from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, observer notes, MCWS Papers; background to new territory from Grann, 2017; Robbers Cave built by local prisoners from Perry, Gene, 2012; caretaker finding gold loot in stream from Dyer, 1952; park brochure from Rockefeller Foundation Papers, 1.2, Series 200S, Box 590, Folder 5051; activities of boys on first day from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; boys’ exploration of cave and surrounds from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, dialogue between boys and Hood added; Red inside cave and setting pace for activities from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; nightly staff meetings from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; camping trip, shooting of snakes from interviews with Bill Snipes, January 2013, Smut Smith, August 2013, OJ Harvey, May 2010, with ‘look at that’ exchange added; differences between Hollis and Red from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Red ‘roughing up’ and handing out jobs to smaller boys from Sherif et al., 1988, observer notes, and interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; description of Davey from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; Bert Fay’s interest in micropaleontology and geology from emails from Bruce Fay, December 2016, and Joyce Stiehler, Oklahoma Geological Survey, July 2013; construction of rope bridge from observer notes, interview with Dwayne Hall, August 2013, ‘too fat’ dialogue added; killing of copperhead from observer notes, interview with Dwayne Hall, August 2013; Bert Fay and talk of animals from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, tent dialogue added based on observer notes of homesickness, and interviews with OJ Harvey, May 2010, and Dwayne Hall, August 2013.

8: Nation States

Description of staff meeting, trip to moonshiner from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; reaction of both groups to newcomers from observer notes, MCWS Papers, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; differing descriptions of Rattlers and Eagles and norms from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey May 2010, Sherif et al. 1988; Davey’s birthday party from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; announcement of tournament and reactions of Eagles from audio recordings, MCWS Papers; ‘My Carolyn’ from letter M Sherif to C Sherif, n.d., MCWS Papers; OJ keeping Sherif busy from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; account of ballgame, dialogue between teams, discussion in Eagles’ cabin afterwards from observer notes; interviews with Dwayne Hall, August 2013, and OJ Harvey, May 2010; flag-burning incident and dialogue, reaction of Rattlers the next day, Eagles praying before game, and excitement at winning from observer notes, with body language added; Dwayne leading prayer and ‘prayers answered’ dialogue added based on observer notes, interview with Dwayne Hall, August 2013; Rattlers ‘very low’ quote from observer notes; hurried meeting about frustration episode from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ‘unfair tactics’ and ‘favorable to a raid’ quotes from Sherif et al., 1988; description of night raid and dialogue from observer notes, interview with Bill Snipes, August 2013; reaction and distress of Eagles from observer notes; Eagles dumping mud from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; announcement of winners from audio recording, MCWS Papers; Eagles kissing trophy and joy at winning from observer notes; ‘sportsmanship giving way’ quote from Sherif et al., 1988; Eagles giving three cheers from interviews with OJ Harvey, May 2010, and Dwayne Hall, August 2013; impromptu staff meeting from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; ‘shouts first’ quote from email correspondence with Cindy Lee White, September 2017; men putting ‘brakes’ on Rattler raid and distress of Eagles after fight from observer notes; ‘No (Public) Comment’ quote from Human Events Newsletter and newspaper reports from Rockefeller Archive Centre, RF 1.2, 200S, Box 590, Folder 5049, Rockefeller Foundation; ‘sheer invention’ quote from L DeVinney interoffice memo, 28 December 1953, Rockefeller Papers, Box 590, Folder 5050; influence of Cold War from Maekawa, 2009; men reading boys’ mail from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010.

9: Sweet Harmony

‘Sweet harmony’ quote, letter from C Sherif to M Sherif, 1 July 1954, MCWS Papers; conversation between Hood and Rattlers about bet from observer notes; ‘after eating for a while’, descriptions of ‘epic struggle’, from Sherif et al., 1988; hostility between groups from observer notes; Ida Bloxham threatens to quit from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, observer notes; Ida lays down the law from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, observer notes; description of fight with Red and Franklin from observer notes, detail of comic added; Hood breaking up fight, Red running away and hiding, from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; dialogue ‘we’ll bring him back’ from observer notes; Hollis and Bill bringing Red back and ‘kangaroo court’ and expulsion of Red from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; description of blocking of water supply, Treasure Island, and camping from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; trip to Arkansas, announcement about truck, boys drinking soda from observer notes; ‘dearest’ quote from postcard M Sherif to C Sherif, n.d, MCWS Papers; photo of boys at state line from MCWS Papers; description of boys in diner at Waldron from observer notes; ‘Oklahoma’ sung on bus and description of bus trip from Sherif et al., 1988; Hood taking photos of raids from observer notes, interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010, interview with Bill Snipes, August 2013; ‘line of action’, ‘infinite number of events’, ‘in testing our main hypotheses’ quotes from Sherif et al., 1988; ‘the competitive situation consists of games’ quote from letter M Sherif to L DeVinney, 20 December 1953, Rockefeller Papers, Box 590, Folder 5050.

10: Empire

Sherif and camel incident from interview with Sue Sherif, October 2014; description of Charkirge, from Lawrence, 1966; details of Sherif’s father and grandparents, Sherif’s rivalry with Asch, from interview with Sue Sherif, October 2014; description of Ottoman childhood from Fortna, 2016; wars and tensions between Greeks and Turks, see Zürcher, 2004, Stone, 2010, Milton, 2008, Mansel, 2011; description of town crier from Peterson, 2004; deportation of Armenians from Ödemiş from Batur, ‘Young Scientist’, 2015; ‘these sacred lands’ and ‘they behaved like worms’ quotes and analysis of school readers from Enacar, 2007; Sherif’s trip to Smyrna from interview with Sue Sherif, October 2014; descriptions of Smyrna, people, atmosphere, streetscape and avoiding sultan’s anger from Milton, 2008, Mansel, 2011; exiled valis and euphoria at end of Abdulhamid’s rule from Kechriotis, 2010; Sherif’s uncle finding him from interview with Sue Sherif, October 2014.

11: Burning Memory

Description of International School from Lawrence, 1966 and Levantine Heritage website; account of tensions between staff at Sherif’s school from Ralph Harlow papers; diary excerpt about arrival of British ships after the armistice from Holton, 1918; ‘at college mournful groups’ quote by Selma Ekrem from Fortna, 2015; background on Poslu Mestan Efe from http://www.erolsasmaz.com/?oku=1568, http://www.haberhurriyeti.com/poslu-mestan-efe-91744.html; accounts of events immediately preceding and including Smyrna fire from Mansel, 2011; brigands attacking headmaster from McLachlan, 1937; Lausanne treaty and forced exchanges from Stone, 2010; collective forgetting of fire from Kolluoḡlu-Kırlı, 2005; ‘profoundly affected’ quote from Sherif, 1967; description of Atatürk’s visit to Kastamonou from Seal, 1995.

12: America and Back

Sherif’s father, description of gravesite, and arrival in America from interview with Sue Sherif, October 2014; hint at temperament from letters between Beryl Parker and Gordon Allport, 1933–1934, Allport Papers, courtesy of the Harvard University Archives (and all subsequent quotes from Allport papers courtesy of Harvard University Archives); background on Cantril from correspondence and interview with Jeff Pooley, January 2017, and ‘pathologically ambitious’ quoted in Pooley and Socolow, 2013; quotes about Harvard ‘blue bloods’ and ‘read or write’ from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; anti-Turk sentiment in America from Grabowski, 2002; Turks visiting Maine from Yalman, 1956; impact of perceived racism on Sherif from letter B Parker to G Allport, 22 January 1934, Allport Papers; ‘He is inclined to work too hard’ quote from letter G Allport to Prof. M Sekip, 5 January 1931, Allport Papers; interest in range of subjects from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; Lewin and ‘fresh breeze’ quote from Sherif, 1968; Sherif spending his allowance on books and leaving debts behind at Harvard from letter M Sherif to G Allport, 4 April 1932, Allport Papers; ‘sometimes it seems to me’ and ‘it is a nice dream’ quotes from letter M Sherif to G Allport, 14 April 1932, Allport Papers; Sherif’s experiences of Germany from letters M Sherif to G Allport, Allport Papers; Menemen incident as watershed from Armstrong, 2016; description of autokinetic experiment and presentation of it to Allport from Routh, 2015; Allport letter describing Sherif as ‘unusually original’, ‘ambitious’, ‘new framework’ from G Allport to Prof. Poffenberger of Columbia University, 20 March 1934; ‘leaves temperament behind’ from G Allport to B Parker, n.d., Allport Papers; ‘Sherif … was over to dinner’ quote by Asa Jennings from Batur, 2015; Sherif’s idea of marrying Mary Alice Eaton, her help in writing book from letter M Sherif to G Allport, 19 March 1940, Allport Papers; description of Father Divine and lyrics from H Cantril and M Sherif, 1938; ‘last night I attended two meetings’ quote from letter M Sherif to Gardner Murphy, 4 September 1934, MCWS Papers; influence of Depression on political views of social scientists from Schrecker, 1986; background on politics at Ankara University from Birkalan, 2001; quote on Sherif’s ultra nationalist sympathies from Dinçşahin, 2015, p. 63; account of Sherif’s public criticisms of race superiority in Turkey and its effects from Batur, ‘Young Scientist’, 2015; ‘hated and feared’ quote from Pratt, 1970; ‘inappropriate relationships’ quote from Routh, 2015; Sherif protecting Jewish student from letter D Granberg to S Moscovici, 15 April 1986, MCWS Papers; ‘failed’ quote from letter M Sherif to G Allport, 2 March 1945, Allport Papers.

13: Oklahoma

Sherif feeling like Rip van Winkle from letter M Sherif to G Allport, 2 March 1945, Allport Papers, courtesy of the Harvard University Archives; ‘beauty and logic’ quote from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, n.d., MCWS Papers; Sherif congratulating himself and ‘center of my universe’ quote from Routh, 2015; ‘queer and appalling’ quote from letter M Sherif to Carolyn’s parents, n.d., from MCWS Papers; ‘new sparkle’, ‘mid Western beauty’ quotes from M Sherif letter to unnamed friend, 17 January 1946, MCWS Papers; ‘grimly realistic’ quote from M Sherif to G Murphy, n.d., MCWS Papers; ‘marry an intellectual’ from Sherif, C, 1983; ‘in order not to strain our relationship’ from letter M Sherif to H Cantril, 16 April 1946, MCWS Papers; background to Cantril, from Glander, 2000; ‘Spies, Nazis and SOBs’ quote from letter M Sherif to C Pratt, 20 March 1948, MCWS Papers; ‘my sweetheart’ quote from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, n.d. 1947, MCWS Papers; Sherif’s impatience with bureaucracy from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010; missing appointments in immigration files, MCWS Papers; arrest of Ankara faculty from VanderLippe, 2005; reference to 1949 study as a ‘mess’ from letter C Sherif to M Sherif, n.d., MCWS Papers; ‘head over heels’ quote from letter S Flowerman to M Sherif, 19 October 1949, ‘shock treatment’ quote from letter M Sherif to S Flowerman, 30 October 1949, MCWS Papers; draft paper on 1949 study including descriptions of Bull Dogs and Red Devils from MCWS Papers; influence of Cold War on Sherif from Asliturk and Cherry, 2003; Sherif rejecting fallout shelter money from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; the Sherifs burning books and papers from interview with Prof. Don Granberg, December 2015, and Joan Sherif, September 2017; FBI investigation of SPSSI from Harris, 1980; Sherif’s talk at Columbia from Sherif, 1951; FBI investigation of M Sherif from Batur, ‘Muzafer Sherif in FBI Files’, 2015; FBI investigation of H Cantril from FBI files; Sherif as ‘big fish’ at OU and Carolyn ‘greatest fan’ and feedback on presentations from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; description of Sherif as a teacher and Moscovici quote from letter D Granberg to S Moscovici, 15 April 1986, MCWS Papers; relationship between Harvey and Sherif from interview with OJ Harvey, May 2010.

14: The Museum of Innocence

‘The more I think about it’ quote from letter M Sherif to OJ Harvey, 27 December 1975, from OJ Harvey personal papers; ‘the crowning one’ from M Sherif talk recorded at North Dakota University, 1967, MCWS Papers; Sherif’s view of ‘the way things work in the real world’ and take on experimentation from Granberg and Sarup, 1992, p. 11; ‘conflict suffering and agony’ from M Sherif, 1967; ‘widespread violence’ quote from Neyzi, 2008; Hood and ‘Pygmalion complex’ from interview with Dr Virginia O’Leary, May 2015; incident with Bob Hood and gun from interview with Dr J Trimble; ‘not ready for publication’ quote from letter, J Lees to M Sherif, 1 February 1955, MCWS Papers; request for reference regarding Sherif from letter L Swearingen to G Allport, 25 January 1960, from Allport Papers; ‘eager-beaver’ quote from letter G Allport to L Swearingen, 1 February 1960; the Sherifs’ generosity to students from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; engaged couples anecdote from interview with Prof. Don Granberg; Sherif’s grudges and sensitivity to criticism from Granberg and Sarup, 1992, and carrying critical review from letter D Granberg to S Moscovici, 15 April 1986, MCWS Papers; Sherif’s jealousy from Routh, 2015; Sherif’s deteriorating health, eating dog food and drinking from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; account of Sherif’s car accident from police report, 25 November 1968, MCWS Papers; ‘delusions’ quote from C Sherif notes, November 1969 (no specific date), MCWS Papers; Carolyn’s notes on dream, 1 February 1970, MCWS Papers; Carolyn’s career flourishing from Routh, 2015; Carolyn and ‘token woman’ from C Sherif, 1983; Sherif’s embarrassment about his Turkish language from interview with Ann Sherif conducted by Ersin Asliturk, 16 September 2016; folklorist Pertev Boratav and conference cancellation from Öztürkmen, 2005; ‘citizen of the world’ quote from interview with Sue Sherif; awards and Sherif’s complaints about them and less successful versions of textbook from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; Hood teaching from Sherif textbook from interview with Dr V O’Leary, May 2015; CIA funding of Sherif’s research and ‘did not share consensus’ from Marks, 1978; quote from Jay Schulman from Greenfield, 1977; ‘academia made room for me’ from C Sherif, 1983; Carolyn’s efforts to keep him socialising, hospitalisations and suicide attempts from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; ‘so much beauty’ quote from letter M Sherif to CW Sherif, n.d. 1954, MCWS Papers; talking social psychology from interview with Sue Sherif; reprinting and distribution of book from letter B Hood to M Sherif, 1977; stream of book proposals from MCWS Papers; lithium and its effect on Sherif from interview with Sue Sherif; Sherif’s late life trip to Robbers Cave from Granberg and Sarup, 1992; ‘OJ old friend’ quote from letter M Sherif to OJ Harvey, 20 April 1987, OJ Harvey personal papers; background to Ottoman bandits from Soyudoğan, 2011; picnic with bandits on Mt Bozdağ from Lawrence, 1966; ‘first Turk you ever saw’ quote from miscellaneous personal correspondence, n.d., MCWS Papers.