Notes for Romans

Romans 1

aS 1Co 1:1

bS Ac 9:15

cRo 15:16; S 2Co 2:12; 11:7; 1Th 2:8, 9; 1Pe 4:17

dS Ac 13:32; Titus 1:2

eLk 1:70; Ro 3:21

fGal 3:8

gS Jn 1:14; Ro 9:5

hS Mt 1:1

iS Mt 4:3

1 1:3 Or who according to the flesh

jS Ac 2:24

k1Co 1:2

l1Ti 1:14

2 1:4 Or was declared with power to be the Son of God

mS Ac 9:15

nAc 6:7; Ro 16:26

oJude 1; Rev 17:14

3 1:5 Or that is

pRo 8:39; 1Th 1:4

qS Ac 9:13

r1Co 1:3; Eph 1:2; 1Ti 1:2; Titus 1:4; 1Pe 1:2

s1Co 1:4; Eph 1:16; 1Th 2:13; 2Th 1:3; 2Ti 1:3

tS Ro 10:18; 16:19

u2Ti 1:3

vJob 16:19; Jer 42:5; 2Co 1:23; Gal 1:20; Php 1:8; 1Th 2:5, 10

w1Sa 12:23; S Lk 18:1; S Ac 1:14; Eph 1:16; Php 1:4; Col 1:9; 2Th 1:11; 2Ti 1:3; Phm 4

xS Ac 18:21

yver 13; Ro 15:32

zRo 15:23

a1Co 1:7; 12:1–31

bS Ro 11:25

cS Ro 7:1

dRo 15:22, 23

e1Co 9:16

4 1:13 The Greek word for brothers and sisters (adelphoi) refers here to believers, both men and women, as part of God’s family; also in 7:1, 4; 8:12, 29; 10:1; 11:25; 12:1; 15:14, 30; 16:14, 17.

fRo 15:20

g2Ti 1:8

h1Co 1:18

iS Jn 3:15

jAc 3:26; 13:46

kS Ac 13:46; Ro 2:9, 10

lRo 3:21; Php 3:9

mS Ro 9:30

nHab 2:4; Gal 3:11; Heb 10:38

oJn 3:36; Ro 5:9; Eph 5:6; Col 3:6; 1Th 1:10; Rev 19:15

5 1:17 Or is from faith to faith

6 1:17 Hab. 2:4

pAc 14:17

qPs 19:1–6

rRo 2:1

sGe 8:21; Jer 2:5; 17:9; Eph 4:17, 18

t1Co 1:20, 27; 3:18, 19

uDt 4:16, 17; Ps 106:20; Jer 2:11; Ac 17:29

vver 26, 28; Ps 81:12; Eph 4:19

w1Pe 4:3

xIsa 44:20

yJer 10:14; 13:25; 16:19, 20

zRo 9:5; 2Co 11:31

aS Ro 11:36

bver 24, 28

cEph 4:19; 1Th 4:5

dLev 18:22, 23

eLev 18:22; 20:13; 1Co 6:18

fver 24, 26

g2Co 12:20; 1Ti 5:13; Jas 3:2; 3Jn 10

h2Ti 3:2

i2Ti 3:3

jS Ro 6:23

kPs 50:18; Lk 11:48; Ac 8:1; 22:20

Romans 2

aRo 1:20

b2Sa 12:5–7; S Mt 7:1, 2

cRo 9:23; 11:33; Eph 1:7, 18; 2:7; 3:8, 16; Col 2:2

dRo 11:22

eRo 3:25

fEx 34:6; Ro 9:22; 1Ti 1:16; 1Pe 3:20; 2Pe 3:15

g2Pe 3:9

hPs 110:5; Rev 6:17

iJude 6

jPs 62:12; S Mt 16:27

kver 10

1 2:6 Psalm 62:12; Prov. 24:12

l1Co 15:53, 54; 2Ti 1:10

mS Mt 25:46

n2Th 2:12

oEze 22:31

pPs 32:10

qver 10; Ro 1:16

rver 9; Ro 1:16

sS Ac 10:34

tRo 3:19; 6:14; 1Co 9:20, 21; Gal 4:21; 5:18; S Ro 7:4

uJas 1:22, 23, 25

vAc 10:35

wEcc 12:14; 1Co 4:5

xAc 10:42

yRo 16:25; 2Ti 2:8

zver 23; Jer 8:8; Mic 3:11; Jn 5:45; Ro 9:4

aMt 23:3, 4

bAc 19:37

cS ver 17

dIsa 52:5; Eze 36:22; 2Pe 2:2

ever 13, 27; Gal 5:3

2 2:24 Isaiah 52:5 (see Septuagint); Ezek. 36:20, 22

fJer 4:4; 9:25, 26

gRo 8:4

hS 1Co 7:19

iMt 12:41, 42

jMt 3:9; Jn 8:39; Ro 9:6, 7

3 2:27 Or who, by means of a

kGal 6:15

lDt 30:6

mPhp 3:3; Col 2:11

nRo 7:6; 2Co 3:6

oJn 5:44; 12:43; 1Co 4:5; 2Co 10:18; Gal 1:10; 1Th 2:4; 1Pe 3:4

Romans 3

aRo 9:4, 5

bDt 4:8; Ps 147:19; Ac 7:38

cRo 10:16; Heb 4:2

d2Ti 2:13

eJn 3:33

fPs 116:11

gPs 51:4

hRo 5:8

1 3:4 Psalm 51:4

iRo 6:19; Gal 3:15

jGe 18:25; Ro 2:16

kver 4

lRo 9:19

mRo 6:1

nver 1

over 19, 23; 1Ki 8:46; 2Ch 6:36; Ps 106:6; Ro 5:12; 11:32; Gal 3:22

pPs 14:1–3; 53:1–3; Ecc 7:20

qPs 5:9

2 3:12 Psalms 14:1–3; 53:1–3; Eccles. 7:20

rPs 140:3

sPs 10:7

3 3:13 Psalm 5:9

4 3:13 Psalm 140:3

5 3:14 Psalm 10:7 (see Septuagint)

tIsa 59:7, 8

uPs 36:1

6 3:17 Isaiah 59:7, 8

vS Jn 10:34

7 3:18 Psalm 36:1

wS Ro 2:12

xPs 63:11; 107:42; Eze 16:63

yver 9

zAc 13:39; Gal 2:16

aS Ro 4:15

bIsa 46:13; Jer 23:6; Ro 1:17; 9:30

cAc 10:43; Ro 1:2

dRo 1:17

eS Ro 9:30

fGal 2:16; 3:22

gS Jn 3:15; Ro 4:11; 10:4

hRo 10:12; Gal 3:28; Col 3:11

iS ver 9

8 3:22 Or through the faithfulness of

jS Ro 4:25

kJn 1:14, 16, 17; Ro 4:16; 5:21; 6:14; 11:5; 2Co 12:9; Eph 2:8; 4:7; Titus 2:11; Heb 4:16

lPs 130:7; 1Co 1:30; Gal 4:5; Eph 1:7, 14; Col 1:14; Heb 9:12

mEx 25:17; Lev 16:10; Ps 65:3; Heb 2:17; 9:28; 1Jn 4:10

nAc 20:28; Ro 5:9; Eph 1:7; Heb 9:12, 14; 13:12; 1Pe 1:19; Rev 1:5

oAc 14:16; 17:30

9 3:25 The Greek for sacrifice of atonement refers to the atonement cover on the ark of the covenant (see Lev. 16:15, 16).

pRo 2:17, 23; 4:2; 1Co 1:29–31; Eph 2:9

qver 20, 21; Ac 13:39; Gal 2:16; 3:11; Eph 2:9; Jas 2:20, 24, 26

rAc 10:34, 35; Ro 9:24; 10:12; 15:9; Gal 3:28

sRo 4:11, 12; Gal 3:8

Romans 4

aS Ro 8:31

bS Lk 3:8

c1Co 1:31

dver 5, 9, 22; Ge 15:6; Gal 3:6; Jas 2:23

eRo 11:6

1 4:3 Gen. 15:6; also in verse 22

fver 3, 9, 22; S Ro 9:30

gPs 32:1, 2; 103:12; 2Co 5:19

hRo 3:30

2 4:8 Psalm 32:1, 2

iS ver 3

jGe 17:10, 11

kver 16, 17; S Lk 3:8

lS Ro 3:22

mS Ac 13:32; Gal 3:16, 29

nGe 17:4–6

oS Ro 9:30

pGal 3:18

qRo 7:7–25; 1Co 15:56; 2Co 3:7; Gal 3:10; S Ro 7:12

rRo 3:20; 5:13; 7:7

sS Ro 3:24

tRo 15:8

uver 11; S Lk 3:8; S Gal 3:16

vGe 17:5

wS Jn 5:21

xIsa 48:13

y1Co 1:28

zver 17

3 4:17 Gen. 17:5

aGe 15:5

bHeb 11:11, 12

4 4:18 Gen. 15:5

cGe 17:17

dGe 18:11

e1Sa 30:6

fS Mt 9:8

gGe 18:14; S Mt 19:26

hS ver 3

iPs 102:18; Hab 2:2; Ro 15:4; 1Co 9:10; 10:11; 2Ti 3:16, 17

jRo 10:9; 1Pe 1:21

kS Ac 2:24

lIsa 53:5, 6; Ro 5:6, 8; 8:32; 2Co 5:21

mIsa 53:11; Ro 3:24; 5:1, 9, 16, 18; 8:30; 1Co 6:11; 2Co 5:15

Romans 5

aS Ro 4:25

bS Ro 3:28

cS Lk 2:14

dver 10

eEph 2:18; 3:12

1 5:1 Many manuscripts let us

f1Co 15:1

gS Heb 3:6

hS Mt 5:12

2 5:2 Or let us

iS Heb 10:36

3 5:3 Or let us

jPhp 1:20; S Heb 3:6; 1Jn 3:2, 3

kver 8; Jn 3:16; Ro 8:39

lAc 2:33; 10:45; Titus 3:5, 6

mMk 1:15; Gal 4:4; Eph 1:10

nver 8, 10

oRo 4:25

pJn 3:16; 15:13; 1Pe 3:18; 1Jn 3:16; 4:10

qS Ro 4:25

rS Ro 3:25

sS Ro 1:18

tRo 11:28; Col 1:21

uver 11; Ro 11:15; 2Co 5:18, 19; Col 1:20, 22

vRo 8:34; Heb 7:25

wS ver 10

xver 15, 16, 17; Ge 3:1–7; 1Co 15:21, 22

yver 14, 18; Ge 2:17; 3:19; S Ro 6:23

zS Ro 3:9

aS Ro 4:15

bGe 3:11, 12

c1Co 15:22, 45

dver 12, 18, 19

eAc 15:11

fS ver 12

gJn 10:10

hS ver 12

iS Ro 4:25

jIsa 53:11

kver 12

lS Ro 3:9

mS Php 2:8

nRo 3:20; 7:7, 8; Gal 3:19

oRo 6:1; 1Ti 1:13, 14

pver 12, 14; S Ro 6:16

qS Ro 3:24

rS Mt 25:46

Romans 6

aS Ro 8:31

bver 15; Ro 3:5, 8

cS ver 6; ver 10, 11; S ver 18; Ro 8:13; Col 3:3, 5; 1Pe 2:24

dS Mt 28:19

eS ver 6

fS Ac 2:24

gRo 7:6; S 2Co 5:17; Eph 4:22–24; Col 3:10

hver 4, 8; Ro 8:11; 2Co 4:10; Eph 2:6; Php 3:10, 11; Col 2:12; 3:1; 2Ti 2:11

iS Gal 5:24; Eph 4:22; Col 3:9

jS ver 2; ver 3–8; 2Co 4:10; Gal 2:20; 5:24; 6:14; Php 3:10; Col 2:12, 20; 3:3

kRo 7:24

lS ver 16

mS ver 18

1 6:6 Or be rendered powerless

nS ver 5

over 4; S Ac 2:24

pRev 1:18

qS ver 2

rS Heb 7:27

sS ver 2

tver 16

uver 16, 19; Ro 7:5

vRo 12:1; 2Co 5:14, 15; 1Pe 2:24

wS ver 16

xS Ro 2:12

yS Ro 3:24

zver 1, 14

a2Pe 2:19

bver 6, 12, 14, 17, 20; Ge 4:7; Ps 51:5; 119:133; Jn 8:34; Ro 5:21; 7:14, 23, 25; 8:2; 2Pe 2:19

cS ver 23

dRo 1:8; S 2Co 2:14

eS ver 16

f2Ti 1:13

gS ver 2; ver 7, 22; Ro 8:2; 1Pe 4:1; S ver 16

hS ver 22

iRo 3:5; Gal 3:15

jS ver 13; S ver 22

kS ver 16

lver 16

mS ver 23

nS ver 18

over 18, 19; Ro 7:25; 1Co 7:22; Eph 6:6; 1Pe 2:16

pS Mt 25:46

qver 16, 21; Ge 2:17; Pr 10:16; Eze 18:4; Ro 1:32; S 5:12; 7:5, 13; 8:6, 13; Gal 6:7, 8; Jas 1:15

rS Mt 25:46

2 6:23 Or through

Romans 7

aS Ac 1:16; S 22:5; Ro 1:13; 1Co 1:10; 5:11; 6:6; 14:20, 26; Gal 3:15; 6:18

b1Co 7:39

cS Lk 16:18

dver 6; S Ro 6:6; 8:2; Gal 2:19; 3:23–25; 4:31; 5:1

eCol 1:22

fGal 2:19, 20

gS Gal 5:24

hRo 7:7–11

iRo 6:13

jS Ro 6:23

kS ver 4

1 7:5 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.

lRo 2:29; 2Co 3:6

mS Ro 8:31

nS ver 12

oS Ro 4:15

pEx 20:17; Dt 5:21

qver 11

2 7:7 Exodus 20:17; Deut. 5:21

rS Ro 4:15

sLev 18:5; Lk 10:26–28; S Ro 10:5; Gal 3:12

tver 8

uGe 3:13

vver 7, 13, 14, 16; Ro 8:4; Gal 3:21; 1Ti 1:8; S Ro 4:15

wS ver 12

xS Ro 6:23

y1Co 3:1

z1Ki 21:20, 25; 2Ki 17:17

aS Ro 6:16

bver 19; Gal 5:17

cS ver 12

dver 20

ever 25; S Gal 5:24

fver 15

3 7:18 Or my flesh

gver 17

hver 23, 25

iEph 3:16

jPs 1:2; 40:8

kGal 5:17; Jas 4:1; 1Pe 2:11

lS Ro 6:16

mRo 6:6; 8:2

nS 2Co 2:14

oS Ro 6:22

pS Ro 6:16

4 7:25 Or in the flesh

Romans 8

aver 34

bver 39; S Ro 16:3

cRo 7:25

d1Co 15:45

eJn 8:32, 36; S Ro 6:18

fS Ro 6:16; S 7:4

gHeb 7:18; 10:1–4

1 8:2 The Greek is singular; some manuscripts me

hRo 7:18, 19; S Gal 5:24

iS Php 2:7

jHeb 2:14, 17

kRo 2:26

2 8:3 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit; also in verses 4–13.

3 8:3 Or flesh, for sin

lS Gal 5:16

mGal 5:19–21

nGal 5:22–25

oS Ro 6:23

pver 13; Gal 6:8

qJas 4:4

rS Gal 5:24

sS Gal 5:24

tver 11; 1Co 6:19; 2Ti 1:14

uJn 14:17; S Ac 16:7; 1Jn 4:13

vver 9; Ex 29:45; Jn 14:20, 23; 2Co 13:5; Gal 2:20; Eph 3:17; Col 1:27; Rev 3:20

wS Ac 2:24

4 8:10 Or you, your body is dead because of sin, yet your spirit is alive

xJn 5:21; S Ro 6:5

yver 4; S Gal 5:24

5 8:11 Some manuscripts bodies through

zS Ro 6:23

aS Ro 6:2

bver 6; Gal 6:8

cS Gal 5:18

dver 19; Hos 1:10; Mal 3:17; Mt 5:9; S Jn 1:12; Gal 3:26; 4:5; Eph 1:5; Rev 21:7

eS Jn 20:22

fS 2Ti 1:7

gMk 14:36; Gal 4:5, 6

h2Co 1:22; Eph 1:13

6 8:15 The Greek word for adoption to sonship is a term referring to the full legal standing of an adopted male heir in Roman culture; also in verse 23.

7 8:15 Aramaic for father

iS ver 14; S Jn 1:12

jS Ac 20:32; Gal 3:29; 4:7; Eph 3:6; Titus 3:7

kS 2Co 1:5

l2Ti 2:12; 1Pe 4:13

m2Co 4:17; 1Pe 4:13; 5:1

nS ver 14

oGe 3:17–19; 5:29

pAc 3:21; 2Pe 3:13; Rev 21:1

qS Jn 1:12

rJer 12:4

8 8:20, 21 Or subjected it in hope. 21For

sS 2Co 5:5

t2Co 5:2, 4

uver 19; Gal 5:5

vver 11; Php 3:21

w1Th 5:8; Titus 3:7

xS 2Co 4:18

yPs 37:7

zver 15, 16

aEph 6:18

bS Rev 2:23

cS ver 34

dGe 50:20; Isa 38:17; Jer 29:11

ever 30; Ro 11:29; 1Co 1:9; Gal 1:6, 15; Eph 4:1, 4; 1Th 2:12; 2Ti 1:9; Heb 9:15; 1Pe 2:9; 2Pe 1:10

fEph 1:11; 3:11; Heb 6:17

gRo 11:2; 1Pe 1:2

9 8:28 Or that all things work together for good to those who love God, who; or that in all things God works together with those who love him to bring about what is good—with those who

hEph 1:5, 11

i1Co 15:49; 2Co 3:18; Php 3:21; 1Jn 3:2

jS Col 1:18

kEph 1:5, 11

lS ver 28

mS Ro 4:25

nRo 9:23

oRo 4:1; 6:1; 7:7; 9:14, 30

pEx 3:12; Isa 41:10; Hag 1:13

qPs 56:9; 118:6; Isa 8:10; Jer 20:11; Heb 13:6

rGe 22:13; Mal 3:17; Jn 3:16; Ro 5:8

sIsa 50:8, 9

tver 1

uRo 5:6–8

vS Ac 2:24

wS Mk 16:19

xver 27; Job 16:20; Isa 53:12; Heb 7:25; 9:24; 1Jn 2:1

yver 37–39

z1Co 4:11; 2Co 11:26, 27

aPs 44:22; 1Co 4:9; 15:30, 31; 2Co 4:11; 6:9; 11:23

b1Co 15:57

10 8:36 Psalm 44:22

cRo 5:8; Gal 2:20; Eph 5:2; Rev 1:5; 3:9

d1Co 3:22

eEph 1:21; Col 1:16; 1Pe 3:22

fS Ro 5:8

11 8:38 Or nor heavenly rulers

gver 1; S Ro 16:3

Romans 9

aPs 15:2; 2Co 11:10; Gal 1:20; 1Ti 2:7

bS Ro 1:9

cEx 32:32

d1Co 12:3; 16:22

eS Ac 22:5

fRo 11:14

gver 6

hEx 4:22; 6:7; Dt 7:6

iHeb 9:5

jGe 17:2; Dt 4:13; Ac 3:25; Eph 2:12

kPs 147:19

lHeb 9:1

mS Ac 13:32; S Gal 3:16

nRo 11:28

oMt 1:1–16; Ro 1:3

pJn 1:1; Col 2:9

qRo 1:25; 2Co 11:31

rS Heb 4:12

1 9:5 Or Messiah, who is over all. God be forever praised! Or Messiah. God who is over all be forever praised!

sRo 2:28, 29; Gal 6:16

tGe 21:12; Heb 11:18

uS Ro 8:14

2 9:7 Gen. 21:12

vS Gal 3:16

wGe 18:10, 14

xGe 25:21

3 9:9 Gen. 18:10, 14

yver 16

zRo 8:28

aGe 25:23

bMal 1:2, 3

4 9:12 Gen. 25:23

cS Ro 8:31

5 9:13 Mal. 1:2, 3

d2Ch 19:7

eEx 33:19

fEph 2:8; Titus 3:5

6 9:15 Exodus 33:19

gEx 9:16; 14:4; Ps 76:10

hEx 4:21; 7:3; 14:4, 17; Dt 2:30; Jos 11:20; Ro 11:25

7 9:17 Exodus 9:16

iRo 11:19; 1Co 15:35; Jas 2:18

jRo 3:7

k2Sa 16:10; 2Ch 20:6; Da 4:35

lJob 1:22; 9:12; 40:2

mIsa 64:8; Jer 18:6

nIsa 29:16; 45:9; 10:15

o2Ti 2:20

8 9:20 Isaiah 29:16; 45:9

pS Ro 2:4

qPr 16:4

rS Ro 2:4

sRo 8:30

tS Ro 8:28

uS Ro 3:29

vHos 2:23; 1Pe 2:10

wHos 1:10; S Mt 16:16; S Ro 8:14

9 9:25 Hosea 2:23

xGe 22:17; Hos 1:10

10 9:26 Hosea 1:10

y2Ki 19:4; Jer 44:14; 50:20; Joel 2:32; Ro 11:5

zIsa 10:22, 23

aJas 5:4

11 9:28 Isaiah 10:22, 23 (see Septuagint)

bIsa 1:9; Ge 19:24–29; Dt 29:23; Isa 13:19; Jer 50:40

cS Ro 8:31

12 9:29 Isaiah 1:9

dRo 1:17; 3:22; 4:5, 13; 10:6; Gal 2:16; Php 3:9; Heb 11:7

eDt 6:25; Isa 51:1; Ro 10:2, 3; 11:7

fGal 5:4

g1Pe 2:8

hIsa 8:14; 28:16; Ro 10:11; 1Pe 2:6, 8

13 9:33 Isaiah 8:14; 28:16

Romans 10

aPs 20:4

bS Ac 21:20

cRo 1:17; S 9:31

dGal 3:24; Ro 7:1–4

eS Ro 3:22

fLev 18:5; Dt 4:1; 6:24; Ne 9:29; Pr 19:16; Isa 55:3; Eze 20:11, 13, 21; S Ro 7:10

gS Ro 9:30

1 10:5 Lev. 18:5

hDt 30:12

iDt 30:13

2 10:6 Deut. 30:12

jS Ac 2:24

kDt 30:14

3 10:7 Deut. 30:13

lMt 10:32

4 10:8 Deut. 30:14

mS Jn 13:13

nS Jn 3:15

oS Ac 2:24

pS Ro 11:14

qIsa 28:16; Ro 9:33

rS Ro 3:22, 29

5 10:11 Isaiah 28:16 (see Septuagint)

sS Mt 28:18

tS Ac 2:21

uJoel 2:32

6 10:13 Joel 2:32

vIsa 52:7; Na 1:15

wHeb 4:2

7 10:15 Isaiah 52:7

xIsa 53:1; Jn 12:38

yGal 3:2, 5

8 10:16 Isaiah 53:1

zCol 3:16

aPs 19:4; S Mt 24:14; Ro 1:8; Col 1:6, 23; 1Th 1:8

bRo 11:11, 14

9 10:18 Psalm 19:4

cDt 32:21

dIsa 65:1; Ro 9:30

10 10:19 Deut. 32:21

eIsa 65:2; Jer 35:17

11 10:20 Isaiah 65:1

12 10:21 Isaiah 65:2

Romans 11

aLev 26:44; 1Sa 12:22; Ps 94:14; Jer 31:37; 33:24–26

b2Co 11:22

cPhp 3:5

dS ver 1

eS Ro 8:29

f1Ki 19:10, 14

g1Ki 19:18

1 11:3 1 Kings 19:10, 14

hS Ro 9:27

2 11:4 1 Kings 19:18

iS Ro 3:24

jRo 4:4

kRo 9:31

lver 25; S Ro 9:18

mS Mt 13:13–15

nDt 29:4; Isa 29:10

3 11:8 Deut. 29:4; Isaiah 29:10

over 8

pPs 69:22, 23

qver 1

4 11:10 Psalm 69:22, 23

rS Ac 13:46

sver 14; Ro 10:19

tver 25

uS Ac 9:15

vver 11; Ro 10:19; 1Co 10:33; 1Th 2:16

wS Mt 1:21; S Lk 2:11; S Jn 3:17; Ac 4:12; 16:31; 1Co 1:21; 1Ti 2:4; Titus 3:5

xS Ro 5:10

yLk 15:24, 32

zLev 23:10, 17; Nu 15:18–21

aJer 11:16; Jn 15:2

bAc 2:39; Eph 2:11–13

cJn 4:22

d1Co 10:12; 2Co 1:24

e1Ti 6:17

f1Pe 1:17

gRo 2:4

h1Co 15:2; Col 1:23; Heb 3:6

iJn 15:2

j2Co 3:16

kJer 11:16

lRo 1:13; 1Co 10:1; 12:1; 2Co 1:8; 1Th 4:13

mS Ro 16:25

nRo 12:16

over 7; S Ro 9:18

pLk 21:24

qIsa 45:17; Jer 31:34

rIsa 59:20, 21; 27:9; Heb 8:10, 12

5 11:26 Or and so

sRo 5:10

6 11:27 Or will be

7 11:27 Isaiah 59:20, 21; 27:9 (see Septuagint); Jer. 31:33, 34

tDt 7:8; 10:15; Ro 9:5

uS Ro 8:28

vS Heb 7:21

wS Eph 2:2

xS Ro 3:9

8 11:31 Some manuscripts do not have now.

yS Ro 2:4

zPs 92:5; Eph 3:10; Col 2:3

aJob 5:9; 11:7; Ps 139:6; Ecc 8:17; Isa 40:28

bIsa 40:13, 14; Job 15:8; 36:22; Jer 23:18; 1Co 2:16

9 11:33 Or riches and the wisdom and the

cJob 41:11; 35:7

10 11:34 Isaiah 40:13

d1Co 8:6; 11:12; Col 1:16; Heb 2:10

11 11:35 Job 41:11

eRo 16:27; Eph 3:21; 1Ti 1:17; 1Pe 5:11; Jude 25; Rev 5:13; 7:12

Romans 12

aEph 4:1; 1Pe 2:11

bRo 6:13, 16, 19; 1Co 6:20; 1Pe 2:5

c1Pe 1:14

d1Co 1:20; 2Co 10:2; 1Jn 2:15

eEph 4:23

fS Eph 5:17

gS 1Ti 5:4

hRo 15:15; 1Co 15:10; Gal 2:9; Eph 3:7; 4:7; 1Pe 4:10, 11

i1Co 12:12–14; Eph 4:16

j1Co 6:15; 10:17; 12:12, 20, 27; Eph 2:16; 4:4, 25; 5:30; Col 3:15

k1Co 7:7; 12:4, 8–10

lS Eph 4:11

m1Pe 4:10, 11

nS Eph 4:11

1 12:6 Or the

oAc 11:23; 13:15; 15:32

p2Co 8:2; 9:5–13

q2Co 6:6; 1Ti 1:5

2 12:8 Or to provide for others

rPs 97:10; Am 5:15; 1Th 5:21, 22

sPs 133:1; 1Th 4:9; Heb 13:1; 1Pe 1:22

tPhp 2:3

uAc 18:25

vRo 5:2

wHeb 10:32, 36

xS Lk 18:1

yS Ac 24:17

z2Ki 4:10; Job 31:32; 1Ti 3:2; 5:10; Heb 13:2; 1Pe 4:9

aS Mt 5:44

bJob 30:25

cS Ro 15:5

dver 3; Ps 131:1; Isa 5:21; Jer 45:5; Ro 11:25

ever 19; Pr 20:22; 24:29

3 12:16 Or willing to do menial work

f2Co 8:21

gS Mk 9:50; S Ro 14:19

hver 17; Lev 19:18; Pr 20:22; 24:29

iDt 32:35; Ge 50:19; 1Sa 26:10; Ps 94:1; Jer 51:36

jPr 25:21, 22; Ex 23:4; Mt 5:44; Lk 6:27

4 12:19 Deut. 32:35

5 12:20 Prov. 25:21, 22

Romans 13

aTitus 3:1; 1Pe 2:13, 14

bDa 2:21; 4:17; Jn 19:11

cEx 16:8

d1Pe 2:14

e1Th 4:6

fPr 24:21, 22

gMt 22:17

hMt 17:25; 22:17, 21; Lk 23:2

iver 10; S Mt 5:43; Jn 13:34; Col 3:14

jEx 20:13–15, 17; Dt 5:17–19, 21

kMt 7:12

lLev 19:18; S Mt 5:43

mS ver 8; ver 9

1 13:9 Exodus 20:13–15, 17; Deut. 5:17–19, 21

2 13:9 Lev. 19:18

n1Co 7:29–31; 10:11; Jas 5:8; 1Pe 4:7; 1Jn 2:18; Rev 22:10

oEph 5:14; 1Th 5:5, 6

pHeb 10:25; 1Jn 2:8

qEph 5:11

rEph 6:11, 13; 1Th 5:8

sS Eph 5:18

tLk 21:34; Gal 5:20, 21; Eph 5:18; 1Pe 4:3

uGal 3:27; Eph 4:24; Col 3:10, 12

vS Gal 5:24

3 13:14 In contexts like this, the Greek word for flesh (sarx) refers to the sinful state of human beings, often presented as a power in opposition to the Spirit.

Romans 14

aRo 15:1; 1Co 8:9–12; 9:22

bver 14

cver 10; Lk 18:9

dver 10, 13; Col 2:16

eS Mt 7:1

fGal 4:10; Col 2:16

gS Mt 14:19; 1Co 10:30, 31; 1Ti 4:3, 4

h2Co 5:15; Gal 2:20

iPhp 1:20

jRev 1:18; 2:8

kS Ac 10:42; 2Co 5:15

lver 3; S Mt 7:1

mS 2Co 5:10

nIsa 49:18

1 14:10 The Greek word for brother or sister (adelphos) refers here to a believer, whether man or woman, as part of God’s family; also in verses 13, 15 and 21.

oIsa 45:23; Php 2:10, 11

pMt 12:36; 1Pe 4:5

2 14:11 Isaiah 45:23

qver 1; S Mt 7:1

rS 2Co 6:3

sver 20; S Ac 10:15

t1Co 8:7

uEph 5:2

vver 20; 1Co 8:11

w1Co 10:30

x1Co 8:8

yIsa 32:17

zRo 15:13; Gal 5:22

aLk 2:52; Ac 24:16; 2Co 8:21

bPs 34:14; Ro 12:18; 1Co 7:15; 2Ti 2:22; Heb 12:14

cRo 15:2; 1Co 14:3–5, 12, 17, 26; 2Co 12:19; Eph 4:12, 29

dver 15

ever 14; S Ac 10:15

fver 13; 1Co 8:9–12

gS Mt 5:29

h1Jn 3:21

iver 5

3 14:23 Some manuscripts place 16:25–27 here; others after 15:33.

Romans 15

aRo 14:1; 1Th 5:14

bS 1Co 10:24

cS Ro 14:19

d2Co 8:9

ePs 69:9

fS Ro 4:23, 24

1 15:3 Psalm 69:9

gRo 12:16; 1Co 1:10; 2Co 13:11; Eph 4:3; Php 2:2; Col 3:14; 1Pe 3:8

hPs 34:3

iRev 1:6

jRo 14:1

kMt 15:24; Ac 3:25, 26

l2Co 1:20

mS Ro 3:29

2 15:8 Greek circumcision

nS Mt 9:8

o2Sa 22:50; Ps 18:49

pDt 32:43; Isa 66:10

3 15:9 2 Samuel 22:50; Psalm 18:49

qPs 117:1

4 15:10 Deut. 32:43

rS Rev 5:5

5 15:11 Psalm 117:1

sIsa 11:10; Mt 12:21

tRo 14:17

6 15:12 Isaiah 11:10 (see Septuagint)

uver 19; 1Co 2:4; 4:20; 1Th 1:5

vEph 5:9

wS 2Co 8:7; 2Pe 1:12

xS Ro 12:3

yS Ac 9:15

zver 19; S Ro 1:1

aIsa 66:20

bPhp 3:3

cHeb 2:17

dAc 15:12; 21:19; Ro 1:5

eRo 16:26

fS Jn 4:48; Ac 19:11

gS ver 13

hAc 22:17–21

iS 2Co 2:12

jRo 1:15

k2Co 10:15, 16

lIsa 52:15

mRo 1:13

7 15:21 Isaiah 52:15 (see Septuagint)

nAc 19:21; Ro 1:10, 11

over 28

p1Co 16:6; Titus 3:13

qS Ac 19:21

rS Ac 24:17

sS Ac 9:13

tS Ac 16:9

uS Ac 18:12

vS Ac 24:17

w1Co 9:11

xver 24

yRo 1:10, 11

zGal 5:22; Col 1:8

a2Co 1:11; Col 4:12

b2Co 1:10; 2Th 3:2; 2Ti 3:11; 2Pe 2:9

cver 25; S Ac 24:17

dS Ac 9:13

eRo 1:10, 13

fS Ac 18:21

g1Co 16:18; Phm 7

hRo 16:20; 2Co 13:11; Php 4:9; 1Th 5:23; 2Th 3:16; Heb 13:20

Romans 16

aS 2Co 3:1

bAc 18:18

cPhp 2:29

1 16:1 Or servant

2 16:1 The word deacon refers here to a Christian designated to serve with the overseers/elders of the church in a variety of ways; similarly in Phil. 1:1 and 1 Tim. 3:8, 12.

dS Ac 9:13

eS Ac 18:2

fS Php 2:25

gver 7, 9, 10; Ro 8:1, 39; 1Co 1:30; 2Co 5:17; Gal 1:22; 5:6; Eph 1:13

3 16:3 Greek Prisca, a variant of Priscilla

h1Co 16:19; Col 4:15; Phm 2

i1Co 16:15

jS Ac 2:9

kver 11, 21

lCol 4:10; Phm 23

mS ver 3

4 16:7 Or are esteemed by

nS ver 3

oS ver 3

pS Ac 11:14

qver 7, 21

rS Ac 11:14

sMk 15:21

tS 2Jn 1

uver 2; S Ac 9:13

vver 14

w1Co 16:20; 2Co 13:12; 1Th 5:26; 1Pe 5:14

xGal 1:8, 9; 1Ti 1:3; 6:3

yMt 18:15–17; 1Co 5:11; 2Th 3:6, 14; 2Ti 3:5; Titus 3:10; 2Jn 10

zRo 14:18

aPhp 3:19

b2Sa 15:6; Ps 12:2; Isa 30:10; Col 2:4

cRo 1:8

dS 1Co 14:20

eS Ro 15:33

fGe 3:15

gS Mt 4:10

h2Co 13:14; S Gal 6:18; 1Th 5:28; Rev 22:21

iS Ac 16:1

jAc 13:1

kAc 17:5

lver 7, 11

mS Ac 19:29

nAc 19:22; 2Ti 4:20

5 16:24 Some manuscripts include here May the grace of our Lord Jesus Christ be with all of you. Amen.

o2Co 9:8; Eph 3:20; Jude 24

pRo 2:16; 2Ti 2:8

qIsa 48:6; Eph 1:9; 3:3–6, 9; Col 1:26, 27; 2:2; 1Ti 3:16

rRo 1:2

sRo 1:5

tS Ro 11:36

6 16:26 Or that is