Proportion is all about measuring and comparing. When measuring, look for key reference points or visual landmarks on your subject. These may include sharp angle changes such as corners, or distinct tonal changes between shapes such as pieces of clothing. The intersection of two lines makes a great visual landmark.
Another measuring device that will help you place elements correctly is alignment. Notice when one element in a composition lines up with another. Usually vertical or horizontal alignments work best.
Use Visual Landmarks
This three-quarters back view includes a variety of visual landmarks that make checking proportions easier. The many folds are extremely useful.
Back Again
Conté on bond paper
17" × 22" (43cm × 56cm)
Diagram of Proportions
The more elements in a composition, the more visual landmarks there are. I simplified the task of determining the proportional relationships in this piece by mapping out the proportional break up of space.
Friends
Ultra-fine-point pen on bristol board
8" × 12" (20cm × 30cm)