1. 9/11 Commission Report, p. 37.
2. Victoria Clarke, Lipstick on a Pig (New York: The Free Press, 2006) pp. 221–23.
3. 9/11 Commission Report, p. 43.
4. Day One, Transcript, 9/11 Commission Hearing, March 23, 2004.
5. CBS News, September 4, 2002.
6. Joint Investigation into September 11: First Public Hearing 18 September 2002—Joint House/Senate Intelligence Committee Hearing Joint Inquiry Staff Statement, Part I, Eleanor Hill, Staff Director.
7. “Rumsfeld, Ashcroft received warning of al Qaida attack before 9/11,” McClatchy Newspaper, October 2, 2006.
8. CBS News, July 26, 2001, http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2001/07/26/ national/main303601.shtml; Village Voice, April 13, 2004, http://www.villagevoice.com/news/0415, mondo1,52614,6.html.
9. CBS News, September 4, 2002.
1. Washington Post, February 22, 1970, p. 5.
2. Even in 2006, with her husband increasingly attacked and reviled by liberals, Joyce would step out every morning for a walk around her Washington neighborhood with four or five close women friends, all passionately liberal Democrats.
3. Carol Felsenthal, Chicago Magazine, June 2001.
4. Transcript of interview with Rowan Scarborough, Washington Times, on October 18, 2003, http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3577.
5. Chicago Tribune, March 30, 1962, p. C9.
6. Chicago Tribune, January 26, 1986, p. 6.
7. Chicago Tribune, December 5, 1989, p. 14.
8. James Carroll, House of War (New York: Houghton Mifflin, 2006).
9. Chicago Tribune, July 28, 1963, p. A8.
11. New York Times, May 1, 1969.
12. Jason West, American Prospect, February 26, 2001.
13. Robert Hartmann, Palace Politics (New York: McGraw Hill, 1980), p. 283.
14. Interview with Larry King, May 25, 2006.
15. Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, January 26, 1986, p. 6.
16. New York Times, November 21, 1970.
17. New York Times, November 24, 1970.
18. The Haldeman Diaries (New York: Putnam, 1994), p. 169.
19. http://www.whitehousetapes.org/clips/rmn_rumsfeld.html.
20. http://www.whitehousetapes.org/clips/1971_0722_nixon_rumsfeld.html.
21. James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 3.
22. New York Times, October 31, 1973, p. 1.
23. Robert Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 272.
24. Daily Telegraph, February 2, 2003.
25. Robert Hartmann, Palace Politics, p. 274.
27. New York Times, November 11, 1975, p. 18.
28. Ford-Kissinger conversations, confidential source.
29. Rowland Evans and Robert Novak, Washington Post, September 27, 1975.
1. Rumsfeld speech at Lone Sailor Award Ceremony, May 3, 2002.
2. http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/cold.war/episodes/12/interviews/mcnamara/. (He made the same mea culpa a number of times over the years.)
3. Frances FitzGerald, Way Out There in the Blue (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001) p. 83.
4. New York Times, November 12, 1975, p. 29.
5. Aviation Week, January 12, 1976, p. 7.
6. New York Times, January 27, 1976.
7. Washington Post, January 28, 1976, p. A8.
9. Quoted by William Lanouette, National Journal, September 9, 1978.
10. “Rumsfeld Calls for More Funds, Citing Increased Soviet Power,” New York Times, January 28, 1976.
11. Roper Center at University of Connecticut, Public Opinion Online, 1999.
12. Quotations from Anne Hessing Cahn, “Team B: the Trillion Dollar Experiment,” Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, April 1993.
13. Washington Post, November 5, 1975, p. A1.
14. Larry King Live, November 28, 2000.
15. “A Soviet—East Europe ‘Organic Union,’” Washington Post, March 22, 1976, p. A19.
16. October 6, 1976; http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/showdebate.php?debateid=7.
17. Washington Post, January 2, 1977, p. 1.
18. Nick Kotz, Wild Blue Yonder (New York: Random House, 1988), p. 135.
19. New York Times, June 9, 1976, p. 9.
20. Newsweek, May 3, 1976, p. 26.
21. PBS Newshour, February 14, 2001, http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2001/t02152001_t0214pbs.html.
22. Pentagon Press Briefing, April 17, 2006.
23. I produced a TV program on these events in 1979 for ABC News. However, I have relied here on the comprehensive account by Richard Mendel in Washington Monthly, February 1987.
24. Robert Hartmann, Palace Politics p. 370.
25. Washington Post, January 18, 1977, p. A11.
26. Aviation Week, December 6, 1976, p. 12.
27. Aviation Week, January 24, 1977, p. 12.
1. Newsweek, June 6, 1977, p. 68.
2. Chicago Tribune, April 17, 1978, p. E9.
3. In the biographical information supplied by Rumsfeld for his nomination as defense secretary in 2000, Rumsfeld stated that he had become a consultant to Searle in January 1977.
4. Fortune, April 21, 1980, p. 62.
5. Chicago Tribune, July 19, 1985.
7. Bressler report available at http://www.dorway.com/bressler.txt.
8. Greg Gordon, “Did Searle Ignore Early Warning Signs?” UPI, October 13, 1987.
9. E-mail from Jere Goyan to author, September 20, 2006.
10. Washington Post, June 26, 1983, p. A4. The piece attributes most of its information, including the quote from Hayes, to an earlier article in Newsday.
11. Chicago Tribune, November 10, 1981, p. C1.
12. Fortune, July 26, 1982, p. 28.
13. Chemical Week, July 6, 1983, p. 15.
14. Wall Street Journal, July 19, 1985.
15. Chicago Tribune, January 26, 1986.
16. Fortune, November 1, 1990.
17. Christopher Meyer, D.C. Confidential (London: Phoenix, 2006), p. 212.
18. New York Times, February 2006.
1. Chicago Tribune, January 13, 1985.
2. Fortune, September 10, 1979.
3. For the declassified cables on Rumsfeld’s meetings in Iraq, see http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB82/.
5. Ibid., affidavit by Howard Teicher in “United States of America, Plaintiff, v. Carlos Cardoen [et al.],” January 31, 1995.
6. Chicago Tribune Sunday Magazine, January 26, 1986, p. 6.
8. New York Times, March 28, 1987.
9. James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 167.
10. Business Wire, August 11, 1993,
11. Crain’s Chicago Business, November 11, 1991.
12. Electronic Media, May 25, 1992.
13. Interview with John McWethy, ABC Primetime, March 25, 2004.
14. http://www.guardian.co.uk/korea/article/0,2763,952289,00.html http://www.swissinfo.org/eng/swissinfo.html?siteSect=105&sid=1648385. After he became secretary of defense in 2001, Rumsfeld liked to hand visitors to his office copies of a nighttime satellite picture of the Korean peninsula that is prominently displayed in his office. The photograph reveals prosperous South Korea as a blaze of light, while all is dark in the north, an illustration, he would explain, of the triumph of freedom versus totalitarianism. There is no record of his bringing up his own efforts to illuminate the north with nuclear power.
15. Compiled from separate entries recorded in FEC records, but more easily accessible through http://www.newsmeat.com/washington_political_ donations/Donald_Rumsfeld.php.
1. Coats’s near miss is described in James Mann, Rise of the Vulcans (New York: Penguin, 2004), p. 266–67, but without some of the further details of the interview revealed here.
2. Washington Post, July 28, 1999, p. A1.
3. http://www.citadel.edu/pao/addresses/pres_bush.html.
4. Robert Coram, Boyd: The Fighter Pilot who Changed the Art of War (New York: Little Brown, 2002), pp. 268–69. Also interviews by author with the late Colonel John Boyd, who was dispatched to Thailand to terminate the project.
5. Operation Desert Storm; Evaluation of the Air Campaign. General Accounting Office, GAO/NSIAD-97–134. June 1997.
6. Newsweek, May 15, 2000, p. 23, as well as interviews at the time with serving DoD officials.
7. http://www.iasps.org/strat1.htm.
8. See Report of Investigation by the Special Committee of the board of directors of Hollinger International Inc. http://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/868512/000095012304010413/y01437exv99w2.htm, pp. 482–89.
9. The Nation, August 23, 2002.
10. Bob Woodward, Bush at War (New York, Simon & Schuster, 2004), p. 281.
11. http://www.commondreams.org/views01/0224–02.htm.
12. Office of the Inspector General, Department of Defense, Audit Report, Department Level Accounting Entries for FY 1999, August 18, 2000.
13. Confidential sources at meeting, see also Thomas P. Barnett, Esquire, July 1, 2005.
14. Inside the Pentagon, July 19, 2001, p. 1.
15. http://www.robertbryce.com/092104aascheneyandv-22.htm.
16. Rumsfeld press conference, August 17, 2001.
17. Richard Clarke, Against All Enemies (New York: Free Press, 2004), p. 23.
18. http://www.defenselink.mil/Speeches/Speech.aspx?SpeechID=430.
1. New York Times, January 22, 2002.
2. Rowan Scarborough, Rumsfeld’s War (Washington, Regnery, 2004).
3. Tommy Franks, American Soldier (New York: Regan Books, 2004).
4. Los Angeles Times, June 9, 2004; navy medic testimony: United States of America v. John Philip Walker Lindh, U.S. District Court, E.D. Va., Crim. No.02-37-A, Proffer of facts in Support of Defendant’s Motion to Suppress, June 13, 2002, http://www.lindhdefense.info/20020613_FactsSuppSuppress.pdf.
5. Most of these details, including Ali’s deal to let people escape Tora Bora, are taken from Philip Smucker, “How Bin Laden Got Away,” Christian Science Monitor, March 4, 2002.
6. Messages to the World, The Statements of Osama bin Laden (London: Verso, 2006), p. 183.
7. Pentagon briefing, April 17, 2002, http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3405.
8. Sean Naylor, Not a Good Day to Die (Berkley Hardcover, 2005).
9. Washington Post, December 16, 2006, p. A1.
10. Documents most easily accessible online through the National Security Archive, http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB127/. See also Karen J. Greenberg and Joshua Bratel, eds., The Torture Papers: The Road to Abu Ghraib (Cambridge University Press, 2005), pp. 223–37.
11. The statement was obtained under the Freedom of Information Act by Michael Scherer and Mark Benjamin of Salon magazine (the point about verbal approval is stated on page 18 of the report), http://www.salon.com/news/ feature/2006/04/14/rummy/index.html; http://images.salon.com/ent/col/fix/2006/04/14/fri/Schmidt.pdf.
1. News of Kamel’s interview was broken by John Barry in Newsweek, issue dated March 3, 2003. Full text can be found at http://www.globalsecurity.org/wmd/library/news/iraq/un/unscom-iaea_kamel-brief.htm.
2. Hearing of the Senate Armed Forces Committee on U.S. policy toward Iraq, September 22, 1998.
3. Address by President George W. Bush, October 7, 2002.
4. August 26, 2002. These and other misrepresentations of Kamel’s debrief collected by Glen Rangwala of Cambridge University; http://www.iraqwatch.org/ perspectives/rangwala-kamel-022703.htm.
5. John Dizard, “How Ahmed Chalabi Conned the Neocons,” Salon.com, May 4, 2004.
6. Jane Mayer, New Yorker, June 7, 2004.
7. Department of State, Office of Inspector General, Review of Awards to Iraqi National Congress Support Foundation. Report 01-FMA-R-092, September 2001; http://oig.state.gov/documents/organization/7508.pdf.
8. Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor, Cobra II (New York: Pantheon, 2006), p. 18.
9. Senate Armed Forces Committee, hearing on U.S. policy toward Iraq, September 28, 1998.
10. www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2002/t02052002_t0109wp.html.
11. New York Times, November 21, 2001.
12. William Arkin, Los Angeles Times, November 10, 2002.
13. American Forces Press Service, March 16, 2001.
14. Project for the New American Century, Rebuilding America’s Defenses, p. v.
15. Stephen Herbits, letter in Washington Times, April 20, 2006, p. A21.
16. Washington Post, May 8, 2002, p. A2.
17. Press briefing by Secretary of Defense Rumsfeld, Pentagon, May 8, 2002; http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2002/t05082002_t0508sd.html.
18. GovernmentExecutive.com, April 15, 2005; http://www.govexec.com/ features/0405-15/0405-15s3.htm.
19. Military.com, July 20, 2006; http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,106071,00.html.
20. William Arkin, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, May/June 2000.
21. See JFCOM glossary at http://www.jfcom.mil/about/glossary.htm-D.
22. Gordon and Trainor, Cobra II, p. 35.
23. http://www.jfcom.mil/newslink/storyarchive/2002/pa072902.htm.
24. “Gen. William F. Kernan and Maj. Gen. Dean W. Cash Discuss Millennium Challenge’s Lessons Learned,” September 22, 2002; http://www.jfcom.mil/ newslink/storyarchive/2002/no091702a.htm.
25. Gordon and Trainor, Cobra II, p. 311.
26. Tom Ricks, Fiasco (New York: Penguin Press, 2006), p. 84.
27. Washington Post, December 18, 2002, p. A1.
29. Press conference with Donald Rumsfeld and President Hamid Karzai, February 27, 2003; Fox News Network, Hannity & Colmes, February 28, 2003, Los Angeles Times, February 26, 2003, p. 1.
30. The Independent, London, February 17, 2002, p. 2.
1. Patrick Cockburn, The Occupation (London: Verso, 2006), p. 2.
2. Washington Post, April 13, 2003, p. A1.
3. Michael Gordon and Bernard Trainor, Cobra II (New York: Pantheon, 2006), pp. 304, 309. Douglas Macgregor, “Fire the Generals,” http://www.cdi.org/program/issue/document.cfm?DocumentID=3486&IssueID=227&StartRow=11&ListRows=10&appendURL=&Orderby=DateLastUpdated&ProgramID=37&issueID=227.
4. ABC News, This Week with George Stephanopoulos, March 30, 2003; http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/t03302003_t0330sdabcsteph.html.
5. Charles Glass, The Northern Front (London: Saqi Books, 2006), p. 232.
7. New York Times, April 26, 2003, p. 1.
8. Financial Times, April 8, 2003, p. 7.
9. For example, his op-ed for UPI, January 15, 2003.
10. For example, CNBC News with Brian Williams, March 27, 2003.
11. Washington Post, March 25, 2003.
12. Pentagon press briefing, March 28, 2003; http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2180.
13. New York Times, March 28, 2003.
14. Rowan Scarborough, Rumsfeld’s War (Washington, D.C.: Regnery, 2004), p. 48.
15. Daily Telegraph, February 19, 2004.
16. Daily Telegraph, April 13, 2003; http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml? xml=%2Fnews%2F2003%2F04%2F13%2Fwirq13.xml.
17. CBS News, November 13, 2006; http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2006/11/13/national/main2177031.shtml.
18. Jon Lee Anderson, The Fall of Baghdad (New York, Penguin, 2005), p. 257.
19. Bob Woodward, State of Denial (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 179.
21. L. Paul Bremer, My Year in Iraq (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2006), p. 39.
22. Thomas E. Ricks, Fiasco (New York: Penguin Press, 2006), p. 87.
23. Personal recollection by Patrick Cockburn of interview with Majid al-Khoei,London, February 2003.
24. Woodward, State of Denial, p. 184; Bremer, My Year in Iraq, pp. 126–27; USNews & World Report, December 20, 2004; Boston Globe, October 11, 2004.
25. Town hall meeting Baghdad, April 30, 2003; http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=2543.
26. Independent (London), April 27, 2003, p. 16.
28. Media availability with Secretary Rumsfeld and Jay Garner, June 18, 2003, http://www.defenselink.mil/transcripts/2003/tr20030618-secdef0282.html.
29. Patrick Cockburn, The Occupation (London: Verso, 2006), p. 77.
30. Pentagon press briefing, June 30, 2003.
31. Human Rights Watch; http://hrw.org/reports/2005/us0905/2.htm_Toc115161401.
32. Expert report of Scott Horton to the German prosecutor lawsuit against Donald Rumsfeld, January 28, 2005; http://www.ccr-ny.org/v2/legal/september_11th/docs/ScottHortonGermany013105.pdf, p. 5.
33. John Barry, Michael Hirsh, Michael Isikoff, Newsweek, May 24, 2004.
34. Rumsfeld testimony to Senate Armed Services Committee, May 7, 2003.
35. CNN, Lou Dobbs Tonight, April 30, 2004.
36. Testimony of Rumsfeld and Myers to Senate Armed Services Committee, May 7, 2004.
38. “The Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terrorism Operations since 9/11.” CRS Report for Congress RL33110, p. CRS-4.
39. CBS, 60 Minutes, October 31, 2004. The story was produced by Leslie Cockburn, wife of the author.
1. “Meeting the Mental Health Needs of Veterans of the Wars in Iraq and Afghanistan: An Expert Interview with Colonel Elspeth Cameron Ritchie, MD, MPH”; http://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/515397.
2. Washington Post, December 5, 2006.
3. Statement by Franklin C. Spinney before Subcommittee on National Security Veterans Affairs and International Relations, Government Reform Committee, U.S. House of Representatives, June 4, 2002; http://www.d-n-i.net/fcs/ spinney_testimony_060402.htm.
4. Winslow Wheeler, Military Reform Project briefing, “Old Wine, Bigger Bottles,” February 21, 2006.
5. Budget Bulletin, Republican Staff, Senate Budget Committee, July 28, 2006; http://www.cdi.org/PDFs/SBC on SARs.pdf.
6. Wall Street Journal, August 14, 2003.
7. Joe Galloway, Military. Com, June 9, 2005.
8. Jeffrey St. Clair, Grand Theft Pentagon (Monroe, Me.: Common Courage Press, 2005), p. 192.
9. Interview with Donald Rumsfeld, Department of Defense, Deputy Inspector General for Investigations, April 1, 2005. Obtained under Freedom of Information Act, 2006.
10. Martin Weiss’s “Safe Money Report,” September 2006.
11. Stars and Stripes, December 17, 2004.
12. Associated Press, December 13, 2004.
13. http://www.pollingreport.com/p-z.htm.
14. Pentagon press briefing, November 29, 2005; http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=1492.
16. Voice of America News, December 8, 2005.
19. http://fallbackbelmont.blogspot.com/2006/05/mccaffrey-trip-report.html; http://www.military.com/features/0,15240,96000,00.html.
20. Washington Times, op-ed, April 20, 2006.
21. Sidney Blumenthal, Salon.com, June 8, 2006.
22. Los Angeles Times, September 25, 2006.
23. John Podhoretz, NYPost.com, July 25, 2006.
24. http://www.vanityfair.com/politics/features/2006/12/neocons200612?printable=true¤tPage=all.
25. Associated Press, November 2, 2006.
26. New York Times, December 3, 2006.
27. http://www.defenselink.mil/.
28. http://www.defenselink.mil/Transcripts/Transcript.aspx?TranscriptID=3823.